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The Illegal Excavation and Trade of Syrian Cultural Objects
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY, 2018 VOL. 43, NO. 1, 74–84 https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2017.1410919 The Illegal Excavation and Trade of Syrian Cultural Objects: A View from the Ground Neil Brodiea and Isber Sabrineb aUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK; bUniversitat de Girona, Girona, Spain ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The illegal excavation and trade of cultural objects from Syrian archaeological sites worsened Syria; looting; cultural markedly after the outbreak of civil disturbance and conflict in 2011. Since then, the damage to objects; coins; policy archaeological heritage has been well documented, and the issue of terrorist funding explored, but hardly any research has been conducted into the organization and operation of theft and trafficking of cultural objects inside Syria. As a first step in that direction, this paper presents texts of interviews with seven people resident in Syria who have first-hand knowledge of the trade, and uses information they provided to suggest a model of socioeconomic organization of the Syrian war economy regarding the trafficking of cultural objects. It highlights the importance of coins and other small objects for trade, and concludes by considering what lessons might be drawn from this model to improve presently established public policy. Introduction conflictantiquities.wordpress.com/). Nevertheless, most of what is known about illegal excavation and trade inside Like that of many countries in the Middle East and North Syria comes from some of the better media reporting, Africa (MENA) region, for the past few decades the archaeo- which has on occasion managed to access people with first- logical heritage of Syria has been robbed of cultural objects for hand knowledge or experience of the problem. -
Satellite Towns
24 Satellite Towns Introduction 'Satellite town' was a term used in the year immediately after the World War I as an alternative to Garden City. It subsequently developed a much wider meaning to include any town that is closely related to or dependent on a larger city. The first specific usage of the word ‘satellite town’ was in 1915 by G.R. Taylor in ‘ Satellite Cities’ referring to towns around Chicago, St. Louis and other American cities where industries had escaped congestion and crafted manufacturer’s town in the surrounding area. The new town is planned and built to serve a particular local industry, or as a dormitory or overspill town for people who work in and nearby metropolis. Satellite Town, can also be defined as a town which is self contained and limited in size, built in the vicinity of a large town or city and houses and employs those who otherwise create a demand for expansion of the existing settlement, but dependent on the parent city to some extent for population and major services. A distinction is made between a consumer satellite (essentially a dormitory suburb with few facilities) and a production satellite (with a capacity for commercial, industrial and other production distinct from that of the parent town, so a new town) town or satellite city is a concept of urban planning and referring to a small or medium-sized city that is near a large metropolis, but predates that metropolis suburban expansion and is atleast partially independent from that metropolis economically. CITIES, URBANISATION AND URBAN SYSTEMS 414 Satellite and Dormitory Towns The suburb of an urban centre where due to locational advantage the residential, industrial and educational centres are developed are known as "satellite or dormitory towns." It has a benefit of providing clean environment and spacious ground for residential and industrial expansion. -
S/2019/321 Security Council
United Nations S/2019/321 Security Council Distr.: General 16 April 2019 Original: English Implementation of Security Council resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018) and 2449 (2018) Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report is the sixtieth submitted pursuant to paragraph 17 of Security Council resolution 2139 (2014), paragraph 10 of resolution 2165 (2014), paragraph 5 of resolution 2191 (2014), paragraph 5 of resolution 2258 (2015), paragraph 5 of resolution 2332 (2016), paragraph 6 of resolution 2393 (2017),paragraph 12 of resolution 2401 (2018) and paragraph 6 of resolution 2449 (2018), in the last of which the Council requested the Secretary-General to provide a report at least every 60 days, on the implementation of the resolutions by all parties to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic. 2. The information contained herein is based on data available to agencies of the United Nations system and obtained from the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic and other relevant sources. Data from agencies of the United Nations system on their humanitarian deliveries have been reported for February and March 2019. II. Major developments Box 1 Key points: February and March 2019 1. Large numbers of civilians were reportedly killed and injured in Baghuz and surrounding areas in south-eastern Dayr al-Zawr Governorate as a result of air strikes and intense fighting between the Syrian Democratic Forces and Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. From 4 December 2018 through the end of March 2019, more than 63,500 people were displaced out of the area to the Hawl camp in Hasakah Governorate. -
Covid-19: Tool of Conflict Or Opportunity for Local Peace in Northwest Syria
Supported by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), the Covid Collective is based at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). Research Report July 2021 C ovid-19: Tool of Conflict or Opportunity for Local Peace in Northwest Syria? © Baraa Obied Juline Beaujouan Political Settlements Research Programme (PSRP) at the University of Edinburgh Acknowledgements This research is an output from the Political Settlements Research Programme (PSRP), a partner in the Covid Collective. Supported by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), the Covid Collective is based at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). The Collective brings together the expertise of UK and Southern-based research partner organisations and offers a rapid social science research response to inform decision-making on some of the most pressing Covid-19 related development challenges. Opinions stated in this brief are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Covid Collective, its partners, or FCDO. Any use of this work should acknowledge the author and the Political Settlements Research Programme. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the PSRP website. Thanks are due to Christine Bell for peer review and editorial advice, and to Eyas Ghreiz and Abdulah El hafi for collaborating on the study and offering feedback on various versions of the draft. Thanks to Harriet Cornell for editing and production work. Thanks to the Blue Team and Civilization Team for illustrating the report with original artwork. The author hereby thanks all the people who took the time to participate in this study and all the collaborators who contributed to this project. -
Urban Morphological Change Analysis of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, Using Space Syntax
http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in ISPRS International journal of geo-information. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Ahmed, B., Hasan, R., Maniruzzaman, K M. (2014) Urban Morphological Change Analysis of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, Using Space Syntax. ISPRS International journal of geo-information, 3(4): 1412-1444 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3041412 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-129915 ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2014, 3, 1412-1444; doi:10.3390/ijgi3041412 OPEN ACCESS ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ISSN 2220-9964 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijgi/ Article Urban Morphological Change Analysis of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, Using Space Syntax Bayes Ahmed 1,*, Rakibul Hasan 2 and K. M. Maniruzzaman 3 1 Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction (IRDR), Department of Earth Sciences, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK 2 Department of Spatial Planning and Development, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden; E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected] 3 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Architecture and Planning, University of Dammam, P.O. Box 2397, Dammam 31451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected]. External Editors: Federico Martellozzo and Wolfgang Kainz Received: 5 June 2014; in revised form: 18 November 2014 / Accepted: 26 November 2014 / Published: 18 December 2014 Abstract: This article is based on a study of the morphological changes of Dhaka City, the capital of Bangladesh. -
Syria Market Monitoring Exercise Cash-Based Responses Snapshot: 16-23 October 2017 Technical Working Group
Syria Market Monitoring Exercise Cash-Based Responses Snapshot: 16-23 October 2017 Technical Working Group KEY FINDINGS OVERVIEW • The most significant trend was the near currencies decreased this month, which • To inform humanitarian actors’ cash and voucher Syrian household for one month. doubling of SMEB costs in besieged areas. resulted in decreasing prices of several programming, REACH and the Cash-Based • Between 16 and 23 October 2017, a network While SMEB data collected was incomplete assessed items. The median exchange rates Responses Technical Working Group (CBR– of 12 NGOs involved in cash-based responses due to shortages and consequently the paucity for USD/SYP decreased by 10%, TRY/SYP by TWG) conduct monthly monitoring of key markets in Syria (CARE/Shafak, Concern, Danish of price data, the sudden increase in the price 10%, and JOD/SYP by 5% across assessed throughout Syria to assess the availability and Church Aid, GOAL, IRC, Mercy Corps, People of key items in the past month is evident. areas. affordability of basic commodities. in Need, REACH, Save the Children, Solidarités • The shortages of chicken and potatoes • SMEB cost changes greater than 10% were • Monitored commodities reflect those that are International and Violet) contributed data from 72 continued in multiple communities in Eastern observed in 11 of the 50 subdistricts with typically available, sold in markets and consumed subdistricts spanning 11 governorates. For Ghouta, with additional shortage of eggs and comparable data between September and by an average Syrian household including food coverage, see the map on the left. milk in Arbin. In addition, LPG continues to be October. -
S/PV.8449 the Situation in the Middle East, Including the Palestinian Question 22/01/2019
United Nations S/ PV.8449 Security Council Provisional Seventy-fourth year 8449th meeting Tuesday, 22 January 2019, 10 a.m. New York President: Mr. Singer Weisinger/Mr. Trullols ................... (Dominican Republic) Members: Belgium ....................................... Mr. Pecsteen de Buytswerve China ......................................... Mr. Ma Zhaoxu Côte d’Ivoire ................................... Mr. Ipo Equatorial Guinea ............................... Mr. Ndong Mba France ........................................ Mr. Delattre Germany ...................................... Mr. Heusgen Indonesia. Mrs. Marsudi Kuwait ........................................ Mr. Alotaibi Peru .......................................... Mr. Meza-Cuadra Poland ........................................ Ms. Wronecka Russian Federation ............................... Mr. Nebenzia South Africa ................................... Mr. Matjila United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .. Ms. Pierce United States of America .......................... Mr. Cohen Agenda The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question . This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches delivered in other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room U-0506 ([email protected]). Corrected records will be reissued electronically on the Official Document System of the United Nations (http://documents.un.org). 19-01678 (E) *1901678* S/PV.8449 The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question 22/01/2019 The meeting was called to order at 10.05 a.m. with the provisional rules of procedure and previous practice in this regard. Expression of sympathy in connection with and There being no objection, it is so decided. -
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 2 — August 18, 2014 Michael D. Danti Heritage Timeline August 16 APSA website released a video and a short report on alleged looting at Deir Turmanin (5th Century AD) in Idlib Governate. SHI Incident Report SHI14-018. • DGAM posted a report on alleged vandalism/looting and combat damage sustained to the Roman/Byzantine Beit Hariri (var. Zain al-Abdeen Palace) of the 2nd Century AD in Inkhil, Daraa Governate. SHI Incident Report SHI14-017. • Heritage for Peace released its weekly report Damage to Syria’s Heritage 17 August 2014. August 15 DGAM posts short report Burning of the Historic Noria Gaabariyya in Hama. Cf. SHI Incident Report SHI14-006 dated Aug. 9. DGAM report provides new photos of the fire damage. SHI Report Update SHI14-006. August 14 Chasing Aphrodite website posted an article entitled Twenty Percent: ISIS “Khums” Tax on Archaeological Loot Fuels the Conflicts in Syria and Iraq featuring an interview between CA’s Jason Felch and Dr. Amr al-Azm of Shawnee State University. • Damage to a 6th century mosaic from al-Firkiya in the Maarat al-Numaan Museum. Source: Smithsonian Newsdesk report. SHI Incident Report SHI14-016. • Aleppo Archaeology website posted a video showing damage in the area south of the Aleppo Citadel — much of the damage was caused by the July 29 tunnel bombing of the Serail by the Islamic Front. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=739634902761700&set=vb.4596681774 25042&type=2&theater SHI Incident Report Update SHI14-004. -
“Targeting Life in Idlib”
HUMAN RIGHTS “Targeting Life in Idlib” WATCH Syrian and Russian Strikes on Civilian Infrastructure “Targeting Life in Idlib” Syrian and Russian Strikes on Civilian Infrastructure Copyright © 2020 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-8578 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: https://www.hrw.org OCTOBER 2020 ISBN: 978-1-62313-8578 “Targeting Life in Idlib” Syrian and Russian Strikes on Civilian Infrastructure Map .................................................................................................................................. i Glossary .......................................................................................................................... ii Summary ........................................................................................................................ -
July, 2003 the Thesis Titled Characteristics of Accidents on Selected Arterials of Metropolitan Dhaka Submitted by Md
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCIDENTS ON SELECTED ARTERIALS OF METROPOLITAN DHAKA by Md. Raufuzzaman A project thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING (CIVIL) , I I I I 1111/1111l1li111111111111111/11111 I I .#99052# DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA. July, 2003 The thesis titled Characteristics Of Accidents On Selected Arterials Of Metropolitan Dhaka submitted by Md. Raufuzzaman, Roll No. 100004421 (F), Session:October'2000 has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering (Civil) on 09 July, 2003. BOARD OF EXAMINERS Chairman Dr. Tanweer Hasan (Supervisor) Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka - 1000. Member Dr. Hasib Mohammed Ahsan Professor Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka - 1000. ¥:L~ Member Syed Noor-ud-Deen Ahmed Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka - 1000. 1 .'Or- CADIDA TE'S DECLARATION / I hereby declared as per best of knowledge that the work reported in this book or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma or published elsewhere. (Md. Raufuzzaman) ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page No. TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES Vll ACKNOWLEDGEMENT XI ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 2 104 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 2 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION 4 2.2 THE ROAD TRAFFIC SYSTEM 4 2.3 ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS 6 2.3.1 Accident Classifications 6 2.3.2 Accident Sub-divisions 6 2.3.3 Accident types 7 2.4 ACCIDENT FACTORS 9 2.4.1 Human Factors 9 2.4.1.1 Dri vers 9 2.4.1.2 Pedestrian 9 2.4.2 Vehicular Factors 10 2.4.3 Environmental Factors 10 2.4.4 Mixed Traffic 10 2.4.5 Road and Roadside Factors 11 2.4.5.1 Luminarie Supports 11 2.4.5.2 Utility pole 11 2.4.5.3 Roadside Sign Supports 11 2.4.5.4 Roadside Objects 12 (continued) iii Title Page No. -
The Best of Bad Options for Syria's Idlib
The Best of Bad Options for Syria’s Idlib Middle East Report N°197 | 14 March 2019 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Idlib’s De-escalation and the Sochi Memorandum .......................................................... 3 III. Idlib’s Rebel Scene ............................................................................................................ 6 A. Hei’at Tahrir al-Sham ................................................................................................ 7 1. HTS’s administrative and economic project ........................................................ 9 2. HTS’s ambiguous identity .................................................................................... 13 B. Other Jihadists ........................................................................................................... 17 1. Hurras al-Din/Wa-Harridh al-Mu’mineen operations room .............................. 17 2. Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria ........................................................................... 19 3. Miscellaneous jihadists ....................................................................................... -
VANISHED WITHOUT a TRACE the Enforced Disappearance of Opposition and Dissent in Bangladesh
VANISHED WITHOUT A TRACE The enforced disappearance of opposition and dissent in Bangladesh April 2019 / N° 735a Cover Photo : Relatives of victims made a human chain in front of the press club in Dhaka demanding an end to enforced disappearance, killing and abduction on International Human Rights Day, December 2014. (Photo by Zakir Hossain Chowdhury/NurPhoto) TABLE OF CONTENTS List of acronyms 6 Executive summary 7 Introduction 8 1. Context 10 1.1 – A conflictual political history 10 1.2 – The 2014 election 11 1.3 – Human rights in Bangladesh today 12 1.4 – Legal framework 15 1.4.1 The Constitution 15 1.4.2 The Penal Code 16 1.4.3 Other domestic laws 17 1.4.4 International legal obligations 17 1.5 – Actors 18 1.5.1 Bangladesh police 19 1.5.2 Intelligence agencies 21 2. Crime of enforced disappearance: Analysis of trends and patterns 22 2.1 – Introduction: periods and trends 22 2.2 – Modus operandi 24 2.2.1 Previous threats, surveillance, and judicial harassment 24 2.2.2 Arbitrary arrest and abduction by agents of the State 28 2.2.3 Disappeared without a trace 29 2.2.4 Conditions of arbitrary detention 30 2.2.5 Fate of the victims of enforced disappearance 32 2.3 – Categories of victims 34 2.3.1 Gender perspective 34 2.3.2 Political opposition activists 35 2.3.3 Critical and dissident voices 37 2.3.4 Persons targeted in the framework of the anti-terrorism policy 38 2.3.5 Other individuals targeted as a result of the culture of impunity 39 2.3.6 Persecution and threats against those who speak out 39 2.4 – Alleged perpetrators 40 2.4.1 Law enforcement agents and intelligence officers 40 2.4.2 Responsibility of the executive branch 42 3.