DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematic Botany. Lecture 38

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematic Botany. Lecture 38 BIOL 448.38 Systematic Botany. Lecture 38 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University December 5, 2011 BIOL 448.38 Outline Questions and answers Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Outline Questions and answers Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 I The goal was to remember the key characters, plus (possibly) some representatives BIOL 448.38 Questions and answers Previous final question: the answer Give the short characteristic of any of 7 orders studied. BIOL 448.38 Questions and answers Previous final question: the answer Give the short characteristic of any of 7 orders studied. I The goal was to remember the key characters, plus (possibly) some representatives BIOL 448.38 Questions and answers General phylogeny of angiosperms groups studied so far other rosids Myrtales Geraniales Vitales Saxifragales Asteridae Dilleniales Platanales Ranunculales Liliidae Piperales Laurales Magnoliales Chloranthales ANTITA BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 General phylogeny + all rosids Malpighiales Oxalidales Celastrales Cucurbitales Fagales Rosales Fabales Malvales Brassicales Sapindales Myrtales Geraniales Vitales Saxifragales Asteridae Dilleniales Platanales Ranunculales Liliidae Piperales Laurales Magnoliales Chloranthales ANTITA Give the short characteristic of any of orders studied. BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 Final question (3 points) BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 Final question (3 points) Give the short characteristic of any of orders studied. BIOL 448.38 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 2 For Further Reading Margulis and Chapman. 2009. Kingdoms and domains: an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on Earth. 4th edition..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Visual Guide to Collecting Plant Tissues for DNA
    A visual guide to collecting plant tissues for DNA Collecting kit checklist Silica gel1 Permanent marker and pencil Resealable bags, airtight plastic container Razor blade / Surgical scissors Empty tea bags or coffee filters Ethanol and paper tissue or ethanol wipes Tags or jewellers tags Plant press and collecting book 1. Selection and preparation of fresh plant tissue: Sampling avoided. Breaking up leaf material will bruise the plant tissue, which will result in enzymes being released From a single plant, harvest 3 – 5 mature leaves, or that cause DNA degradation. Ideally, leaf material sample a piece of a leaf, if large (Picture A). Ideally should be cut into smaller fragments with thick a leaf area of 5 – 10 cm2 should be enough, but this midribs being removed (Picture C). If sampling robust amount should be adjusted if the plant material is leaf tissue (e.g. cycads, palms), use a razor blade or rich in water (e.g. a succulent plant). If leaves are surgical scissors (Picture D). small (e.g. ericoid leaves), sample enough material to equate a leaf area of 5 – 10 cm2. If no leaves are Succulent plants available, other parts can be sampled such as leaf buds, flowers, bracts, seeds or even fresh bark. If the If the leaves are succulent, use a razor blade to plant is small, select the biggest specimen, but never remove epidermal slices or scoop out parenchyma combine tissues from different individuals. tissue (Picture E). Cleaning Ideally, collect clean fresh tissues, however if the leaf or plant material is dirty or shows potential contamination (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the SE Australian Clade of Hibbertia Subg. Hemistemma (Dilleniaceae)
    Phylogeny of the SE Australian clade of Hibbertia subg. Hemistemma (Dilleniaceae) Ihsan Abdl Azez Abdul Raheem School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Adelaide A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Adelaide June 2012 The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia Declaration I, Ihsan Abdl Azez Abdul Raheem certify that this work contains no materials which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any universities or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no materials previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for photocopying, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I also give permission for the digital version of my thesis to be made available on the web, via the University digital research repository, the Library catalogue, the Australian Digital Thesis Program (ADTP) and also through web search engine, unless permission has been granted by the University to restrict access for a period of time. ii This thesis is dedicated to my loving family and parents iii Acknowledgments The teacher who is indeed wise does not bid you to enter the house of his wisdom but rather leads you to the threshold of your mind--Khalil Gibran First and foremost, I wish to thank my supervisors Dr John G. Conran, Dr Terry Macfarlane and Dr Kevin Thiele for their support, encouragement, valuable feedback and assistance over the past three years (data analyses and writing) guiding me through my PhD candidature.
    [Show full text]
  • The Descent of the Flowering Plants in the Light of New Evidence from Phytochemistry and from Other Sources
    The descent of the flowering plants in the light of new evidence from phytochemistry and from other sources. I. General discussion A.D.J. Meeuse Hugo de Vries-laboratorium en Hortus Botanicus, Amsterdam SUMMARY Accumulated phytochemical data partially compiled by Kubitzki in 1969, and evidence from various other sources point to a fundamental heterogeneity of the Flowering Plants, which is interpretedby the present author as an unmistakable indication of a multiple descent of the Angiosperms. The consequences of this viewpoint for taxonomic classifications and for phy- In logenetic speculations must be faced. view of the possible misunderstandingof some poin- ters, and in order to avoid erroneous interpretations of the accumulated evidence, a survey of the relevant data be indicated. Some tentative future appears to proposals concerning a classification of the will be made in the second of this Angiosperms part paper. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Recently, Kubitzki (1969) pointed out that cogent phytochemical evidence renders a close relationship between the Polycarpicae or Ranales(s.l.) and sever- The of his discus- al other groups of the Dicotyledons most unlikely. corollary sion is that the Dicots (and, by inference, the Angiosperms) are rather hetero- geneous and did not all arise from a ranalean ancestral group, and that, in point kind of of fact, the ranalean alliance is more likely to represent a phylogenetic cul-de-sac. Most hesitatingly, Kubitzki admits the possibility of a multiple to statement descent of the Flowering Plants, referring a made over fifteenyears ago by Metcalfe (who suggested that the assumption of a polyphyletic origin of the Angiosperms may well provide the best explanation of the great diversity of their anatomicalfeatures) but, strangely enough, not mentioning more recent contributions dealing with the question of a single versus a multiple descent.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter 7 (4)
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 7 | Issue 4 Article 9 1972 Back Matter 7 (4) Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Recommended Citation (1972) "Back Matter 7 (4)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 7: Iss. 4, Article 9. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol7/iss4/9 ALISO VoL. 7, No. 4, pp. 539-556 J ULY 20, 1972 THE DIRECTOR'S REPORT RANcHo SANTA ANA BoTANIC GARDEN 1971 It is a pleasure for me to present an account of the activities at the botanic garden for the year 1971. Except for the effec's of the weather which are given elsewhere in this report, the year was one of steady and sound development. The building program of the previous year had been completed, and early in 1971 landscaping around the annex was finis3ed and the grounds once again were quiet and serene, suitable for study and contemplation by the thousands of persons who visit the garden each year. Among events which undoubtedly will mark this year in the garden's history are two, especially, which should be mentioned. The botanic garden is a member of the American Association of Museums and durinJ; the year we applied for accreditation by that organization. In August we were notified that we had been granted interim approval until an on-site evalu1tion of the institution could be made by the AAM Accredit1tion Visitin~ Commit­ tee. This visit is expected early in 1972. The second item of interest is that the botanic garden for the first time applied for a plant patent to cover a new hybrid which soon will be released to the horticultural trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Angiosperm Family Tree for Analyzing Phylogenetic Diversity and Community Structure
    Acta Botanica Brasilica - 31(2): 191-198. April-June 2017. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062016abb0306 Updated angiosperm family tree for analyzing phylogenetic diversity and community structure Markus Gastauer1,2* and João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto2 Received: August 19, 2016 Accepted: March 3, 2017 . ABSTRACT Th e computation of phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic community structure demands an accurately calibrated, high-resolution phylogeny, which refl ects current knowledge regarding diversifi cation within the group of interest. Herein we present the angiosperm phylogeny R20160415.new, which is based on the topology proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV, a recently released compilation of angiosperm diversifi cation. R20160415.new is calibratable by diff erent sets of recently published estimates of mean node ages. Its application for the computation of phylogenetic diversity and/or phylogenetic community structure is straightforward and ensures the inclusion of up-to-date information in user specifi c applications, as long as users are familiar with the pitfalls of such hand- made supertrees. Keywords: angiosperm diversifi cation, APG IV, community tree calibration, megatrees, phylogenetic topology phylogeny comprising the entire taxonomic group under Introduction study (Gastauer & Meira-Neto 2013). Th e constant increase in knowledge about the phylogenetic The phylogenetic structure of a biological community relationships among taxa (e.g., Cox et al. 2014) requires regular determines whether species that coexist within a given revision of applied phylogenies in order to incorporate novel data community are more closely related than expected by chance, and is essential information for investigating and avoid out-dated information in analyses of phylogenetic community assembly rules (Kembel & Hubbell 2006; diversity and community structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Trait Correlates and Functional Significance of Heteranthery In
    New Research Phytologist Trait correlates and functional significance of heteranthery in flowering plants Mario Vallejo-Marı´n1, Elizabeth M. Da Silva2, Risa D. Sargent2 and Spencer C. H. Barrett3 1School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; 2Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie (160 Gendron), Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada Summary Author for correspondence: • Flowering plants display extraordinary diversity in the morphology of male sexual Mario Vallejo-Marı´n organs, yet the functional significance of this variation is not well understood. Tel: +44 1786 467822 Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of floral correlates of heteranthery – Email: [email protected] the morphological and functional differentiation of anthers within flowers – among Received: 25 June 2010 angiosperm families to identify traits associated with this condition. Accepted: 15 July 2010 • We performed a phylogenetic analysis of correlated evolution between hete- ranthery and several floral traits commonly reported from heterantherous taxa. In New Phytologist (2010) 188: 418–425 addition, we quantified the effect of phylogenetic uncertainty in the observed pat- doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03430.x terns of correlated evolution by comparing trees in which polytomous branches were randomly resolved. • Heteranthery is reported from 12 angiosperm orders and is phylogenetically Key words: buzz-pollination, division of labour, heteranthery, phylogenetic analysis, associated with the absence of floral nectaries, buzz-pollination and enantiostyly stamen differentiation. (mirror-image flowers). These associations are robust to particularities of the underlying phylogenetic hypothesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Steps Toward a Natural System of the Dicotyledons Gertrud Dahlgren University of Lund
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 13 | Issue 1 Article 5 1991 Steps Toward a Natural System of the Dicotyledons Gertrud Dahlgren University of Lund Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Dahlgren, Gertrud (1991) "Steps Toward a Natural System of the Dicotyledons," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 13: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol13/iss1/5 ALISO 13(1), 1991, pp. 107-165 STEPS TOWARD A NATURAL SYSTEM OF THE DICOTYLEDONS: EMBRYOLOGICAL CHARACTERS' GERTRUD DAHLGREN Department of Systematic Botany University of Lund 6 Vallgatan 20 S-223 61 Lund, Sweden ABSTRACT Embryological character states are mapped on the diagrams of dicotyledons (G. Dahlgren 1989). The often well-defined pattern of distribution forms a basis for discussing and clarifying phylogenetic relations. It is shown how numerous embryological characters, alone or in combinations, support certain systematic constellations, even if the character states may have arisen independently within a varying number of evolutionary lines. Characters presented are: anther wall formation; tapetum types; cells in pollen grains at dispersal; microsporogenesis; ovule morphology; ovule integuments; endo­ thelium; obturator; parietal tissue; embryo sac formation; antipodal cells; hypostase, embryogeny; polyembryony; endosperm formation; persistence of endosperm; ruminate endosperm; endosperm haustoria; perisperm; storage compounds in the endosperm; chlorophyllous embryo; embryo size, seed coat characters; arils; dry and wet stigma types. Key words: dicotyledons, embryology, phylogenetics, systematics, evolution. INTRODUCTION My husband, Rolf Dahlgren, and I began a survey of the embryological liter­ ature, with the purpose of using patterns of distribution ofembryological character states for clarifying relationships in the dicotyledons at and above family level.
    [Show full text]
  • Qiu Et Al. Fig.S2.1-1
    Fig. S2.1-1: gymnosperms & basal angiosperms monocots & eudicots Hedycarya 54 Peumus 55 Hernandia 86 97Gyrocarpus Cryptocarya 47 88 Laurus Daphnandra 84 58Atherosperma 85 72 Siparuna 12 Gomortega Idiospermum 100Calycanthus Annona 79 100 94 Cananga 89 Eupomatia 56 Galbulimima 98 Magnolia 98 78Liriodendron 100 Degeneria Myristica 64 100Mauloutchia Piper 100 Peperomia 100 Houttuynia 74Saururus 98 Thottea 48 100Aristolochia 86 Saruma 84 Lactoris Drimys 99 98 100 Tasmannia Takhtajania 100 Canella 100Cinnamodendron Chloranthus 100 Sarcandra 92 99 Ascarina 65 Hedyosmum Ceratophyllum sub 100 100 Ceratophyllum dem Kadsura 100 100 Schisandra 91 Illicium 100 Trimenia Austrobaileya Cabomba 80 Brasenia 63 80 Nuphar Nymphaea 89 Trithuria lan 79 100Trithuria inc Amborella Gnetum 100 75 Welwitschia Pinus 99 Metasequoia 95 100Podocarpus Ginkgo Zamia 100Cycas Fig. S2.1-2: monocots & basal eudicots other eudicots 91 99 Buxus 99 Pachysandra 88 Didymeles 98 Tetracentron 48 Trochodendron 100 Petrophile 91 Roupala 59 64 Platanus Nelumbo 98 Meliosma Sabia 91 Glaucidium 98 Ranunculus 98 Hydrastis 99 Caulophyllum 99 49 Nandina Decaisnea 27 75Lardizabala Sargentodoxa 99 66 Euptelea 14 Dicentra 68 85 Eschscholzia Hypecoum Tinospora 100Menispermum 76 Philydrum Tradescantia 83 Strelitzia 100Maranta 99 84 Stegolepis 100Oryza 19 96 Vriesea 98Sparganium 55 Chamaedorea Smilax 62 67 Lilium 95 Trillium 99 Tacca 96 Dioscorea Carludovica 100Croomia Lomandra 91 100 Agave 80 Beaucarnea 89 87Asparagus 100 Allium 87 Xanthorrhoea 96 Iris 95 Blandfordia 94 Oncidium Potamogeton 100
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Morphology and Taxonomy of Angiosperm Chapter Taxonomy and 5 Systematic Botany
    Unit II: Plant Morphology and Taxonomy of Angiosperm Chapter Taxonomy and 5 Systematic Botany Plants are the prime companions of human Learning Objectives beings in this universe. Plants are the The learner will be able to, source of food, energy, shelter, clothing, drugs, beverages, oxygen and the aesthetic • Differentiate systematic botany from taxonomy. environment. Taxonomic activity of human • Explain the ICN principles and to is not restricted to living organisms alone. discuss the codes of nomenclature. Human beings learn to identify, describe, • Compare the national and international name and classify food, clothes, books, herbaria. games, vehicles and other objects that they • Appreciate the role of morphology, come across in their life. Every human being anatomy, cytology, DNA sequencing in thus is a taxonomist from the cradle to the relation to Taxonomy, grave. • Describe diagnostic features of Taxonomy has witnessed various families Fabaceae, Solanaceae and phases in its early history to the present day Liliaceae. modernization. The need for knowledge on plants had been realized since human existence, a man started utilizing plants Chapter Outline for food, shelter and as curative agent for 5.1 Taxonomy and Systematics ailments. 5.2 Taxonomic Hierarchy Theophrastus (372 – 287 BC), the 5.3 Concept of species – Morphological, Greek Philosopher known as “Father of Biological and Phylogenetic Botany”. He named and described some 500 5.4 International Code of plants in his “De Historia Plantarum”. Later Botanical Nomenclature Dioscorides (62 – 127 AD), Greek physician, 5.5 Taxonomic Aids described and illustrated in his famous 5.6 Botanical Gardens “Materia medica” and described about 600 5.7 Herbarium – Preparation and uses medicinal plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Botany. Lecture 37
    BIOL 448.37 Systematic Botany. Lecture 37 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University December 2, 2011 BIOL 448.37 Outline Questions and answers Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 BIOL 448.37 Outline Questions and answers Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 I Answers may be different, but you needed to show which characters should be accepted as “advanced” BIOL 448.37 Questions and answers Previous final question: the answer What is a most advanced group of monocots? Why? BIOL 448.37 Questions and answers Previous final question: the answer What is a most advanced group of monocots? Why? I Answers may be different, but you needed to show which characters should be accepted as “advanced” BIOL 448.37 Questions and answers Germination rate in non-angiosperms BIOL 448.37 Questions and answers General phylogeny of angiosperms groups studied Rosidae and Asteridae Liliidae Piperales Laurales Magnoliales Ceratophyllales unplaced Ceratophyllales Chloranthales ANTITA BIOL 448.37 Questions and answers General phylogeny + liliid orders Rosidae and Asteridae Zingiberales Poales Arecales Liliales Alismatales Piperales Laurales Magnoliales Chloranthales ANTITA BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 Ranunculales BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 Platanales and Dilleniales BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 Saxifragales BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 Vitales BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 Geraniales BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 Myrtales BIOL 448.37 Angiosperms Rosidae, part 1 General phylogeny + basal rosid orders other rosids Myrtales Geraniales Vitales Saxifragales Asteridae Dilleniales Platanales Ranunculales Liliidae Piperales Laurales Magnoliales Chloranthales ANTITA Give the short characteristic of any of 7 orders studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Inferred from Sequences of Four Mitochondrial Genes 1Yin-Long QIU∗ 1Libo LI 1Bin WANG 1,2Jia-Yu XUE 1Tory A
    Journal of Systematics and Evolution 48 (6): 391–425 (2010) doi: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00097.x Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from sequences of four mitochondrial genes 1Yin-Long QIU∗ 1Libo LI 1Bin WANG 1,2Jia-Yu XUE 1Tory A. HENDRY 1Rui-Qi LI 1Joseph W. BROWN 1Ya n g L I U 1Geordan T. HUDSON 3Zhi-Duan CHEN 1(Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA) 2(School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China) 3(Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) Abstract An angiosperm phylogeny was reconstructed in a maximum likelihood analysis of sequences of four mitochondrial genes, atp1, matR, nad5, and rps3, from 380 species that represent 376 genera and 296 families of seed plants. It is largely congruent with the phylogeny of angiosperms reconstructed from chloroplast genes atpB, matK, and rbcL, and nuclear 18S rDNA. The basalmost lineage consists of Amborella and Nymphaeales (including Hydatellaceae). Austrobaileyales follow this clade and are sister to the mesangiosperms, which include Chloranthaceae, Ceratophyllum, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. With the exception of Chloranthaceae being sister to Ceratophyllum, relationships among these five lineages are not well supported. In eudicots, Ranunculales, Sabiales, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales, Gunnerales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Berberidopsidales, and Dilleniales form a basal grade of lines that diverged before the diversification of rosids and asterids. Within rosids, the COM (Celastrales–Oxalidales–Malpighiales) clade is sister to malvids (or rosid II), instead of to the nitrogen-fixing clade as found in all previous large-scale molecular analyses of angiosperms. Santalales and Caryophyllales are members of an expanded asterid clade.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Serology of the Order Nymphaeales. II. Relationships of Nymphaeaceae and Nelumbonaceae Jean-Pierre Simon Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 7 | Issue 3 Article 5 1971 Comparative Serology of the Order Nymphaeales. II. Relationships of Nymphaeaceae and Nelumbonaceae Jean-Pierre Simon Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Simon, Jean-Pierre (1971) "Comparative Serology of the Order Nymphaeales. II. Relationships of Nymphaeaceae and Nelumbonaceae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 7: Iss. 3, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol7/iss3/5 ALISO VoL. 7, No. 3, pp. 325-350 APRIL 22, 1971 COMPARATIVE SEROLOGY OF THE ORDER NYMPHAEALES II. RELATIONSHIPS OF NYMPHAEACEAE AND NELUMBONACEAE. JEAN-PIERRE SIMON Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont, California 91711 INTRODUCTION In a continuing effort to elucidate the serological reiationships of taxa of the aquatic order Nymphaeales, I am reporting here additiona,l data ob­ ta,ined from cross-reactions with antiser-a produced against species of Nu­ phar, Nymphaea, Victoria and Euryale. An earlier study established that Nelumbo wias serologically isolated from the remaining species of the Order ( Simon, 1970). In addition, the data showed that N elumbo had serological affinities with members of the Magnolia.Jes, Ranuncu1ales and Papaverales which were of the same magnitude to those found between N elumbo and the remaining taxa of the Nymphaeales. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts of representative species of Nymphaeales, Magnoliales, Ranun­ cu1ales and other orders of Angiosperms, as listed in Tables 2 and 3 of Simon ( 1970), were inves•tigated. Seeds of additional species of these and other orders of Angiosperms have since been available for this study ( Table 3 and text).
    [Show full text]