Bones Bookwork

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!Skeletal System Bookwork: ! Multiple Choice Questions: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7! 1. Which if the following are correctly matched? ! a. Short bone-wrist! b. Long bone-leg! c. Irregular Bone-sternum ! !d. Flat bone-Cranium ! 4. Bone pain behind the external auditory meatus probably involved the: ! a. Maxilla! b. Ethmoid! c. Sphenoid! d. Temporal! !e. Lacrimal ! 5. Bones that articulate with the sphenoid include: ! a. Parietal ! b. Vomer! c. Maxilla ! d. Zygomatic! !e. Ethmoid! 6. Which humeral process articulates with the radius? ! a. Trochlea! b. Greater Tubercle! c. Lesser Tubercle! d. Capitulum ! !e. Olecranon Fossa! 7. Which of the following bones or bone parts articulate with the femur? ! a. Ischial Tuberosity ! b. Pubis! c. Patella! d. Fibula! !e. Tibia ! ! Short Answer Questions: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, ! !1. Name 3 functions of the skeletal system: ! -Provides support (framework) !-Anchors skeletal muscles !!-Provides a storage !for calcium & fats!!!-Site of blood formation ! 2. What is the anatomical name for the shaft of the long bone? For it’s ends? What is yellow marrow? ! Shaft of a long bone: diaphysis !Ends of a long bone: Epiphysis !! !Yellow bone marrow: Fat !!Spongy Bone: Holey or lacey, Compact: is solid. ! 3. Why do bone injuries heal much more rapidly than injuries to cartilage? ! Bones are highly vascularized, whereas cartilage has poor vascularization and relies on !diffusion for nutrient supplies. ! !5. Deﬁne fracture: ! A break in the bone. Compression fractures are more common in elderly. Greenstick (incomplete) fractures are common when the bone matrix contains more collagen, such as !children’s bones. ! 6. Name the three major parts of the axial skeleton! !Skull, Thorax, Vertebral Column. ! 7. Name the eight bones of the cranium! Two Each: Temporal & Parietal bones ! !One Each: Occipital, Frontal, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid Bones. ! !8. What bones are connected by the coronal suture? By the sagittal suture? ! Coronal Suture: Frontal and Parietal Bones! !Sagittal Suture: Parietal bones. ! 9. With one exception, all skull bones are joined by sutures- What is the exception? ! !Joint between the mandible and temporal bone (temporomandibular joint) ! 10. What facial bone forms the chin? The cheekbone? The upper Jaw? The bone eyebrow !ridges? ! Chin: Mandible ! Cheekbone: Zygomatic! Upper Jaw: Maxilla ! !Eyebrow Riges: Frontal ! 11. Name two ways in which the fetal skull differs from the adult skull? ! -The fetal skull has a much larger cranium to skull ratio!-Foreshortened facial bones! -Fontanelle or unfused membraneous areas. .

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BSC2085L Practice Quiz 2
Preparation for Quiz 2: Bone/cartilage descriptions. Match the name of the bone/cartilage in Table 1 with the description in Table 2: Table 1 Bone/cartilage Table 2 Bone Marking/Description A. Sutures Bones that are longer than they are wide B. Sesamoid Bone Majority of Skeletal Cartilage C. Compact Bone Bones that develop inside Tendons D. Spongy Bone Intervertebral Disks and Knee Joint Cartilage E. Long Bone Smooth and Homogenous Bone Tissue F. Short Bone Found in external Ear and Epiglottis G. Flat Bone Bones that are thin and wafer like H. Irregular Bone Bones that do not fall into another category I. Hyaline Cartilage Bones with lots of open spaces J. Elastic Cartilage These are found between Cranial Bones K. Fibrocartliage Bones that are cube-shaped Preparation for Quiz 2: Bone Markings Match the name of the bone marking in Column 1 with the correct description in Column 2: Column 1 Column 2 A. Condyle Very large, blunt projection (only on femur) Irregularly shaped B. Ramus Arm-like bar of bone C. Crest Round or oval opening D. Epicondyle Narrow ridge of bone E. Tubercle Rounded articular projection F. Tuberosity Sharp Slender Process G. Trochanter Canal-like passageway H. Meatus Shallow Depression I. Fossa Narrow, slit-like opening J. Fissure Raised area on or above a condyle K. Sinus Large rounded projection L. Groove Air filled cavity in a bone M. Head Smooth nearly flat articular surface N. Facet Bony expansion on a narrow neck O. Spine Projection or prominence P. Foramen Narrow ridge smaller than a crest Q.
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Introduction to Anatomy Skeletal System: Bone
INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY SKELETAL SYSTEM: BONE Foundation block - Anatomy - Lecture 1 Objective Color guide : •At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Only in boys slides in Green • Define the word “Anatomy” Only in girls slides in Purple important and doctors note in Red • Enumerate the different anatomical fields Extra information in Blue • Describe the anatomical position • Describe different anatomical terms of position & movements as well different anatomical planes • Classify bones according to shape, structure & development • Enumerate different bones of both axial & appendicular skeleton ANATOMY & its Sciences. THE WORD ANATOMY is of GREEK origin meaning cutting up(ana=up,tomy=cutting). Girls slides DEFINITION OF ANATOMY: the science which deals with the study of, The structure & shape of the body parts & their relationships to one another. Boys slides ANATOMICAL SCIENCES: 1. Gross Anatomy: study of the human body with NAKED EYES 2. Microscopic Anatomy(Histology): Study of FINE STRUCTURE (cells & tissues) of the human body with the help of Microscope. 3. Developmental Anatomy (Embryology) 4. Radiologist Anatomy (study of the structure and morphology of the tissues and organs of the body based on their x-ray visualization). 5. Surgical Anatomy (practical) 6. Cross-sectional Anatomy (study of the relationship of the structures of the body by the examination of cross sections of the tissue or organ) 7. Applied Anatomy (study of the structure of the organs of the body as it relates to the diagnosis and treatment of disease)
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Anatomy, Skeletal System Review.Pdf
Name____________________________________Period_____ Anatomy & Physiology Part 1 – Mr. Rizzo, Mr. Romano Skeletal System Review Match/Label the following: (1 point each) 1. Flat Bone 2. Short Bone 3. Irregular Bone 4. Long Bone 5. Axial Skeleton 6. Appendicular Skeleton E – Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip F – Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage Match the following: (1 point each) 7. Found in the external ear and the epiglottis A. Hyaline 8. Provides support, flexibility, and resilience, is found in the nose B. Fibrocartilage 9. Contains collagen fibers, found in the menisci of the knee and in intervertebral discs C. Interstitial 10. Growth of cartilage: cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against the D. Elastic external face of existing cartilage E. Appositional 11. Growth of cartilage: lacunae-bound chondrocytes inside the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within. Match the following: (1 point each) 12. Diaphysis 13. Compact Bone 14. Proximal Epiphysis 15. Spongy Bone 16. Distal Epiphysis 17. Medullary Cavity 18. Ephyseal Plate True/False: (1 point each) 19. Bone markings can be the sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons. 20. Calcification of cartilage occurs during normal bone growth and old age. 21. A ‘sinus’ is a cavity in a bone. 22. A compact bone has a honeycomb texture of trabeculae filled with yellow bone marrow. 23. Long bones consist of a diaphysis and an epiphysis. 24. Short, irregular, AND flat bones have no diaphysis or epiphyses. 25. Hematopoietic tissue (red marrow) is located in the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone in adults.
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Tuberculosis – the Masquerader of Bone Lesions in Children MN Rasool FCS(Orth) Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kwazulu-Natal
SAOJ Autumn 2009.qxd 2/27/09 11:11 AM Page 21 CLINICAL ARTICLE SA ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL Autumn 2009 / Page 21 C LINICAL A RTICLE Tuberculosis – the masquerader of bone lesions in children MN Rasool FCS(Orth) Department of Orthopaedics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Reprint requests: Dr MN Rasool Department of Orthopaedics University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag 7 Congella 4001 Tel: (031) 260 4297 Fax: (031) 260 4518 Email: [email protected] Abstract Fifty-three children with histologically confirmed tuberculous osteomyelitis were treated between 1989 and 2007. The age ranged from 1–12 years. There were 65 osseous lesions (excluding spinal and synovial). Seven had mul- tifocal bone involvement. Four basic types of lesions were seen: cystic (n=46), infiltrative (n=7), focal erosions (n=6) and spina ventosa (n=7). The majority of lesions were in the metaphyses (n=36); the remainder were in the diaphysis, epiphysis, short tubular bones, flat bones and small round bones. Bone lesions resembled chronic infections, simple and aneurysmal bone cysts, cartilaginous tumours, osteoid osteoma, haematological bone lesions and certain osteochondroses seen during the same period of study. Histological confirmation is man- datory to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis as several bone lesions can mimic tuberculous osteomyelitis. Introduction The variable radiological appearance of isolated bone Tuberculous osteomyelitis is less common than skeletal lesions in children can resemble various bone lesions tuberculosis involving the spine and joints. The destruc- including subacute and chronic osteomyelitis, simple and tive bone lesions of tuberculosis, the disseminated and the aneurysmal bone cysts, cartilaginous tumours, osteoid multifocal forms, are less common now than they were 50 osteoma, granulomatous lesions, haematological disease, 6,7,12 years ago.1-7 However, in recent series, solitary involve- and certain malignant tumours.
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Compact Bone Spongy Bone
Spongy bone Compact bone © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 (b) Flat bone (sternum) (a) Long bone (humerus) (d) Irregular bone (vertebra), right lateral view (c) Short bone (talus) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Articular cartilage Proximal epiphysis Spongy bone Epiphyseal line Periosteum Compact bone Medullary cavity (lined by endosteum) Diaphysis Distal epiphysis (a) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Trabeculae of spongy bone Osteon (Haversian Perforating system) (Volkmann’s) canal Blood vessel continues into medullary cavity containing marrow Blood vessel Lamellae Compact bone Central (Haversian) canal Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers Periosteum Periosteal blood vessel (a) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Lamella Osteocyte Canaliculus Lacuna Central Bone matrix (Haversian) canal (b) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 5 Osteon Interstitial lamellae Lacuna Central (Haversian) canal (c) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 Articular cartilage Hyaline Spongy cartilage bone New center of bone growth New bone Epiphyseal forming plate cartilage Growth Medullary in bone cavity width Bone starting Invading to replace Growth blood cartilage in bone vessels length New bone Bone collar forming Hyaline Epiphyseal cartilage plate cartilage model In an embryo In a fetus In a child © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 7 Bone growth Bone grows in length because: Articular cartilage 1 Cartilage grows here. Epiphyseal plate 2 Cartilage is replaced by bone here. 3 Cartilage grows here. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 Bone remodeling Growing shaft is remodeled as: Articular cartilage Epiphyseal plate 1 Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts here. 2 Bone is added (appositional growth) by osteoblasts here. 3 Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts here. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 9 Hematoma External Bony callus callus of spongy bone New Internal blood callus vessels Healed (fibrous fracture tissue and Spongy cartilage) bone trabecula 1 Hematoma 2 Fibrocartilage 3 Bony callus 4 Bone remodeling forms.
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The Post-Cranial Osteology of Chilonycteris Psilotis
Rev. BioI. Trop., 17(2): 147-l6�, 1970 The post-cranial osteology of Chilonycteris psilotis by Gloria M. Walton* and Dan W. Walton"""" (Received for publication, March 21, 1969) A1though general chiropteran anatomy has been discussed by many authors (FLOWER, 5; FLOWER and LYDEKKER, 6; MILLER, 8); the literature remains sketchy in its consideration of the osteology of Chilonycteris. MILLER (8) and WINGE (11) note the type of humeroscapular articulation and certain other structures on the humems. ALLEN (1) reviews the wing membranes and their support by the phalanges and (2) the stmcture of the pelvis and hind limbo DOBSON (4) gives complete measurements for selected skeletal elements (i.e., forearm, metacarpals, phalanges, tail, tibia, foot and thumb). WALTON and WALTON (10) discuss pectoral and pelvic elements. The complete description of the skulI and teeth of Chilonycteris is reviewed by MILLER (8). Cranial elements are, therefore, not considered in this papero This study is descriptive; any comparisons made with other bats are to further illuminate osteological characters exhibited by Chilocycteris psilotú METHODS With the aid of a low power binocular microscope, male and female specimens of Chilonycteris psilotis were examined and described. AH specimens were obtained from approximately 10 km S Cartagena (fort at Boca Chica), Bo livar, Colombia. A fiale specimen of Chilonycteris parnellii (USNM 313054) was also available for the sake of comparison. Skeletal element nomenclature follows VAUGHAN (9). Generic and specific nomenclature follows that used by. the particular author cited. '" Dept. of Biology, Christian College of the Southwest, Dalias, Texas. ** Dept. of Biology, Southern Methodist University, Dalias, Texas.
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The Musculoskeletal System
DOCUMENT RESUME '.' .. 2 . ED 213 965- 2 . CE 011 771 1' 'TITLE. The Mukuldskeletal System [and] Instructor's Guide: The Musculoskeletal System. Health Occupations. ^ Education Module: Instructional Materials in Atttomy ( . and Physiology for Pennsylvania Health Occupations . Programs. INSTITUTION 'National Evaluation Systems, Inc., Amherst, Mass. SPONS AGENCY-, Pennsylvania State Dept. of Education, Harrisburg. Bureau of Vocational and Technical Education,. PUB DATE Jun 79 . c NOTE ". 64p.; for related documents see listing in note of CE 031 758. 0 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. 'DESCRIPTORS *Allied Health OccupatiOns Education; *Anatomy; ". Behavioral Objectives; *Individualized Instruction; *Learning Activities; Learning Modules; Medical -Vocabulary; '*Physiology; Postsecondary Education; , Pretests Posttests; Programed -Instructional, Materials; Secondary Education; Self Evaluation - (Individuals).; Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS): *Muscular System; Pennsylvania; *Skeletal Systems 4. , 4 ABSTRACT - 4 04 This Module on the musculoskeletal system is one of modules designed tor individualized instruction-in-health occUpations education progrqts at' both the secondary and postsecondary levels. It is.,part of an eight-unii miniseries on anatOmy and phySiology within the Apaies of 17 Moddles. Following a preface which explains to the student how to use the module; the unit consistsof a pretest with afiswer, seven'sections (information sheets)' with their goals (e.g., classify different -types of bone), optional activities (e.g., on diagrams of the skeleton, draw the: major muscles of the body), and posttests, and a glossary of. terms. Tojics covered .in the unitare introddctiol to the ikeletal systemf axial skeleton, appendicutaskeleton, introduction tothe muscular system, major muscles of the body, Upporti!'tg structures of the mRsculoskeletal system, and movements. An accompanying instructor's Ale contains suggestions for.using,the modttle and.
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Skeletal System"
Lecture 8 [ANATOMY AND MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY] Assist. Lec. Nabaa Salah "The musculoskeletal system" The musculoskeletal system is composed of two systems – the skeletal system and the muscular system – but is commonly referred to as 'musculoskeletal' because of the main common functions of the two systems are movement and support. The musculoskeletal system is made up of hard and soft tissues. The hard tissue includes bones and cartilages, while the soft tissues are the muscles, tendons, synovial membranes, joints capsule and ligaments. Skeletal system: Skeletal system is composed of the bones in the body plus the joint where they attached to each others, the skeletal system composed of 206 different bones. The skeletal system is divided into two divisions: 1-The axial skeleton consists of the bones along the axis, or central line, of the human body. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones comprises the skull, vertebral column and thorax. 2-The appendicular skeleton: contains the bones in the appendages of the body, as well as the structures that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones including the bones of the shoulder girdle; upper limbs, hips and lower limbs. 1 Lecture 8 [ANATOMY AND MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY] Assist. Lec. Nabaa Salah Classification of bones 1. Long bones: Long bones are typically longer than they are wide, They are tubular (e.g. the humerus in the arm and femur in leg) 2. Short bones: These bones are generally cube-shaped or round. Examples include the tarsals and carpals, sesamoid bones, which form within tendons, are a special type of short bone 3.
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The Skeletal System
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © BraunS/E+/Getty Images NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER 2 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The Skeletal System © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORCHAPTER SALE OR OBJECTIVESDISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION After completing this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. describe general anatomy of a bone; 2. recall the types of© bone Jones classified & Bartlett by shape; Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 3. employ terminologyNOT related FOR to anatomicalSALE OR features DISTRIBUTION of bones; NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 4. realize the functional and structural classifications of joints; and 5. recognize the types of synovial joints. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOThe skeletal FOR systemSALE ORis comprised DISTRIBUTION of several The bonesNOT are arrangedFOR SALE as a relatively OR DISTRIBUTION solid frame- organs called bones (FIGURE 2.1). The main func- work which supports all the other organs directly or tions of the skeletal system and its bones are: indirectly. It is like the steel beams in a commercial T building. The walls directly attach to the beams. This 1. support (framework), © Jones & Bartlett2. prot ection,Learning, and LLC © Jonesmakes a &solid Bartlett surface Learning,for pictures to LLC hang from and be supported by the walls. The bones are arranged in a NOT FOR SALE3.
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Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
HS_HEALTH_U05_C15_CO 12/8/03 12:00 PM Page 384 Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems The Skeletal System Care and Problems of the Skeletal System The Muscular System The Nervous System Care and Problems of the Nervous System 384 HS_HEALTH_U05_C15_CO 12/8/03 12:00 PM Page 385 Before You Read Use this Foldable to help you organize your notes on the structure and function of the skeletal system, muscular system, and nervous system. Begin with three 1 Љ sheets of 8 ⁄2 x 11 paper. Fold the sheets of paper along the long axis so that one edge is about 1Љ from the other. Fold the paper in half. Unfold and cut along the inside fold line. Repeat with the other two sheets of paper. Label as shown. Staple the sheets together. Muscular System Structure Function Skeletal System Nervous System Structure Function Structure Function As You Read As you read and discuss the material in the chapter, use your Foldable to record what you learn. Using Visuals. The skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems are fine-tuned to work together, allowing the body to perform a variety of coordinated actions. What steps do you take in your day-to-day activities to keep these systems functioning and to protect them from injury? 385 HS_HEALTH_U05_C15_L1 12/8/03 12:05 PM Page 386 The Skeletal System VOCABULARY YOU’LL LEARN TO axial skeleton • Identify the functions of the skeletal system. appendicular skeleton • Describe the main divisions and types of bones of the cartilage skeletal system. ossification ligament • Recognize how understanding the functions of the skeletal tendon system is important for maintaining personal health.
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Cartilage and Bone 147
SKELETAL SYSTEM OUTLINE 6.1 Cartilage 147 6.1a Functions of Cartilage 147 6 6.1b Growth Patterns of Cartilage 148 6.2 Bone 148 6.2a Functions of Bone 148 6.3 Classification and Anatomy of Bones 150 Cartilage 6.3a General Structure and Gross Anatomy of Long Bones 150 6.4 Ossification 157 6.4a Intramembranous Ossification 157 and Bone 6.4b Endochondral Ossification 157 6.4c Epiphyseal Plate Morphology 160 6.4d Growth of Bone 161 6.4e Blood Supply and Innervation 162 6.5 Maintaining Homeostasis and Promoting Bone Growth 163 6.5a Effects of Hormones 163 6.5b Effects of Vitamins 164 6.5c Effects of Exercise 165 6.5d Fracture Repair 165 6.6 Bone Markings 167 6.7 Aging of the Skeletal System 168 MODULE 5: SKELETAL SYSTEM mck78097_ch06_146-172.indd 146 2/14/11 3:40 PM Chapter Six Cartilage and Bone 147 entionentionn ofof thethe skeletalskeletal systemsystem conjuresconjures up imagesimages ofof dry, lifelesslifeless Cartilage is found throughout the human body (figure 6.1). Mbobonesnes in vvariousarious sizsizeses and shashapes.pes. BButut thethe sskeletonkeleton ((skelskel ́ĕ́ĕ --ton;ton; Cartilage is a semirigid connective tissue that is weaker than bone, skskeletoseletos = dridried)ed) is mmuchuch momorere thathann a supportingsupporting framework for the but more flexible and resilient (see chapter 4). As with all connec- sosoftft tistissuessues ooff ththee bobody.dy. ThThee skeletal ssystemystem is comcomposedposed ooff ddynamicynamic tive tissue types, cartilage contains a population of cells scattered lilivingving ttissues;issues; it interactsinteracts witwithh all of the other ororgangan systems and throughout a matrix of protein fibers embedded within a gel-like cocontinuallyntinually rebuildsrebuilds and remodels itself.
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Bone Tissue & the Skeletal System Visual Worksheet
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