“JUST THE FACTS” WH Review Location of world religions BY 1500 CE 2018 Edition Mark on the map below and compare to 15c.

• Judaism: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East • Christianity: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East • Islam: Middle East, Parts of Asia, , and southern Europe • Hinduism: India and part of Southeast Asia • Buddhism: East and Southeast Asia

WHII 15. The student will apply social science skills to understand the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism in the contemporary world by 15a. describing their founders, beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, and customs.

Judaism • Monotheism • Founder: Abraham • Ten Commandments of moral and religious conduct (Mark where each major religion STARTED and its spread • Torah: Written records and beliefs of the Jews BEFORE exploration to the Americas)

Christianity 15c. locating the geographic distribution of religions • Monotheism in the contemporary (today) world. • Jesus (“founder”) considered Son of God • Life after death Geographic distribution of world’s major religions • New Testament: Life and teachings of Jesus • Judaism: Israel in the Middle East, Europe, (and North • Establishment of Christian doctrines by early church America) councils • Christianity: Europe, Middle East, North and South Islam America • Monotheism • Islam: Concentrated in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia • Founder: Muhammad, the prophet • Hinduism: Concentrated in India • Qur’an (Koran) • Buddhism: Concentrated in East and Southeast Asia • • Mecca and Medina sacred cities

Buddhism • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) • Four Noble Truths • Eightfold Path to Enlightenment • Spread of Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia, resulting from Asoka’s and their writings

Hinduism • Many forms of one God (considered polytheistic) • Reincarnation: Rebirth based upon karma (Indicate Spread of MAJOR RELIGIONS on the map) • Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in

future consequences (CASTE SYSTEM!) • (Spread of Hinduism from India throughout the world)

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MAJOR by 1500 CE TRADE = $$$$$$ = POWER

WHII 2. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the political, cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in the world about 1500 A.D. (C.E.) by 2a) locating major states and empires.

Major states and empires in the Eastern Hemisphere:

Western Europe • England • France 2d. analyzing major trade patterns. • Spain Traditional trade patterns linking Europe with Asia and Africa Eastern Europe/Mideast • Silk Road across Asia to the Mediterranean basin • Russia • Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean • Ottoman • Trans-Saharan routes across • Persia • Northern European links with the Black Sea • Western European sea and river trade • South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia Far East • China/ Importance of TRADE PATTERNS = Exchange of • India/Mughals (Muslim) products and ideas

Africa 2e. citing major technological and scientific • Songhai Empire exchanges in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Major states and empires in the Western Hemisphere Products exchanged along trade routes • • Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China) • (Mayan Empire) • Textiles (cloth from India and Middle East) • Incan Empire • and trade (Africa)

Ideas exchanged along trade routes • numeral system with 0 (India and Middle East) • Scientific knowledge—medicine, astronomy, mathematics (algebra)

(EMPIRES at 1500 AD (CE) MAP ABOVE)

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Martin Luther (the Lutheran tradition) • Views: Salvation by faith alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, all humans equal before God • Actions: 95 theses, initiated (BEGAN) the Protestant Reformation that splintered Catholic Europe

John Calvin (the Calvinist tradition) • Views: Predestination (Single/God chooses those to be saves and those to be punished) • faith revealed by living a righteous life, “Protestant work ethic” 2b. The student will demonstrate an understanding of • Actions: Expansion of the Protestant Movement the political, cultural, geographic, and economic conditions in the world about 1500 A.D. (C.E.) by King Henry VIII b) describing artistic, literary, and intellectual ideas • Views: Disagreed with the authority of the Pope in Rome of the Renaissance. • Actions: Divorced; broke ties with papal authority in Rome; Renaissance • headed the national church in England; appropriated lands • “Rebirth” of classical (Greek & Roman) knowledge; and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England “birth” of the modern world • Spread of the Renaissance from the Italian city-states to Queen Elizabeth I (Henry VIII’s DAUGHTER, not wife!) northern Europe • Views: Tolerance for dissenters, expansion and • Actions: Commissioned 39 Articles, ); firmly establishes Contributions of the Renaissance Anglican Protestantism in England • Accomplishments in the visual arts: Michelangelo, Victory over the Spanish Armada (1588 Leonardo da Vinci, (Albrecht Durer) • Accomplishments in literature: Machiavelli The Prince, Erasmus In Praise of Folly, Shakespeare (various sonnets, plays) • Accomplishments in intellectual ideas : HUMANISM and SECULARISM MORE

REFORMATION WHII 3. The student will demonstrate knowledge of 3b. describing the impact of religious conflicts, the the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western Inquisition, and Catholic Reformation on society and civilization by government actions.

3a. explaining the effects of the theological, political, Reformation in Germany and economic differences that emerged, including • Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, the views and actions of Martin Luther, John ending the authority of the Pope in their states. Calvin, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I. • The Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy continued to support the Roman Catholic Church.( see CHARLES V) Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in • Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in Rome devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War). • Merchant wealth ($) challenged the Church’s view of usury. • German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of Reformation in France the Church. • After many years of war between Catholics and • The Church’s great political power and wealth caused Protestants, the Catholic monarchy granted Protestant conflict. Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes • Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were (later revoked by King Louis XIV). widespread and caused conflict. • Cardinal Richelieu exploited the religious conflicts of the • EARLY dissenters (John Wycliffe and Jan Huss) led Thirty Year’s War for political ends unsuccessful efforts to reform the Catholic Church

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Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere • Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe • Support for the diffusion of Christianity • Political and economic competition between European empires • Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts Catholic Reformation • Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator • Counter-Reformation: – The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church doctrine Establishment of overseas empires and decimation of and practices. indigenous populations – The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded by • Portugal: Vasco da Gama Ignatius of Loyola to spread Catholic doctrine around • Spain: Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortez, Francisco the world. Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan – The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic • England: Francis Drake (The Sea Dog) doctrine. France: Jacques Cartier

3c. describing how the Reformation led to changing 4b. describing the geographic expansion into Africa, cultural values, traditions, and philosophies, and Asia and the Americas assessing the role of the printing press. Americas Changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies • Expansion of into South and Central • Growth of secularism and skepticism in reaction against America religious warfare • Expansion of into North America • Growth of individualism • Expansion of into South America • Eventual growth of religious tolerance

• Expansion of French Empire into North America

Role of the printing press Africa • Growth of literacy was stimulated by the Gutenberg • Expansion of trade between Europe and Africa(gold, slaves printing press. and other resources) • The Bible was printed in English, French, and German. • European trading posts along the coast These factors had an important impact on spreading the

ideas of the Reformation and the Renaissance. Asia

• Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China) • Establishment of powerful trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)

4c. comparing and contrasting the social and cultural influences of European Settlement on Africa, Asia and the Americas:

Americas • European emigration to North and South America EXPLORATION • Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires • Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin WHII 4. The student will demonstrate America (see 9b) knowledge/apply social science skills to understand • Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved the impact of the European Age of • Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of Discovery/Exploration and expansion into the their parent countries Americas, Africa, and Asia by • Influence of Catholic and Protestant colonists who carried 4a. explaining the roles and economic motivations of their faith, language and cultures to new lands

explorers and conquistadors. • Religious conversion of indigenous peoples

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Africa • Expansion of the slave trade: • Destruction of families as a result of the slave trade • Loss of the fittest members of society to slave trade • Introduction of firearms to African society

Asia • European influence was NOT WELCOMED (why not?) • Conflict over attempts to spread Christianity 4e: defining and describing how the Scientific • Restrictions on European trade and cultural influence Revolution led to social and technological changes that influenced European views of the world 4d. analyzing how competition for colonies changed the economic system of Europe

Columbian Exchange • Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. • European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians. • European diseases, such as smallpox, killed more than half of the American Indians.

Impact of the Columbian Exchange • Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves. Pioneers of the scientific revolution • was based on race. • Nicolaus Copernicus developed heliocentric theory. • European plantation system in the Caribbean and the • Johannes Kepler discovered planetary motion. Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged • Galileo Galilei used telescope to support heliocentric the environment. theory. • Isaac Newton formulated law of gravity. • William Harvey discovered circulation of the blood.

Importance of the scientific revolution • Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature • Formulation of the scientific method • Expansion of scientific knowledge

(CORN from New World to Old)

(HORSE from Old World to New)

Export of precious metals • Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia • Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas • Impact on Spain (massive inflation) and international trade

Triangular Trade • Linked Europe, Africa and the Americas • Slaves, Sugar and Rum were traded

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European Nations and their Empires 1500 - 1800 CE

WHII 5. The student will apply skills to understand the political, cultural, geographic and economic conditions in Europe and Russia from 1500-1800 by

5a. locating European nations and their empires in Charles V (the 5th) time and place and identifying major geographic • Ruled largest collection of European lands since features Charlemagne in Middle Ages • Failed in his efforts to unite Europe under a Catholic • British Empire Empire (Peace of Augsburg 1555 allowed each German prince to choose) • Spanish Empire • Abdication of throne (stepping down as ruler) and • French Empire division of empire •

• Portuguese Empire 5c. describing the social and cultural patterns of FRANCE • Hapsburg Empire with emphasis on the Age of Absolutism, Louis XIV and • Russia the Enlightenment Period • Prussia (German speaking military power; Frederick Great, Otto von Bismarck) Characteristics of absolute monarchies • Centralization of power Major Geographic Features of Europe • Concept of rule by divine right • Alps • Ural Mountains Absolute of France • Black Sea • Louis XIV of France: Palace of Versailles as a symbol of • Mediterranean Sea royal power • English Channel • Iberian Peninsula • Balkan Peninsula

5b. describing the development of social and cultural patterns in the Hapsburg Empire, with emphasis on Charles V (1555 Peace of Augsburg era)

Social and Cultural Patterns in the Hapsburg Empire The Enlightenment

• Emphasized reason, analysis and INDIVIDUALISM • Very diverse empire that included many ethnic and cultural groups; conflicts were frequent • Stimulated religious tolerance and “pluralism” • Focus on protection of Catholicism from both Islamic • Fueled/caused democratic revolutions around the world influence from the Ottomans AND Protestants in Northern Europe Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas • Diversity will lead to the development of • Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan: Humans exist in a primitive NATIONALISM later in 1800s among different groups “state of nature” and consent to government for self- protection. • John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government: People are sovereign and consent to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property. • Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws: The best form of government (depends on a country’s size, climate and other factors and popularized the concept of separation of powers.

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• Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract: Government is a contract between rulers and the people. • Voltaire: Hostile to religious fanaticism and to religious beliefs in general also wrote Candide

Influence of the Enlightenment • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France. • Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas. The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. 5f-h describing the development of the social and cultural patterns in the German States, Italian States and Russia 5d. describing the development of social and cultural patterns in Great Britain with emphasis on the English German States: Civil War and the Glorious Revolution (and their impacts • Shared a common language on democracy) • Spread Protestant faith • No common currency or uniform law Development of the rights of Englishmen • Devastation of the Thirty Years War • Oliver Cromwell and the execution of Charles I • Rivalry between (led by Austria) • The restoration of Charles II and Prussia for political dominance • Glorious Revolution (William and Mary II) • Increase of parliamentary power and decrease of royal Italian states: power • Periods of foreign control by Spain and Austria • Development of political parties/factions • Culture was influenced y foreign control • Est . English Bill of Rights of 1689 • Rome remained center of the Catholic Church • Influence from classical civilizations maintained Italy’s position as the cultural center of Europe 5e. explaining the causes and effects of the American and French Revolutions Russia:

Causes of the French Revolution • Internal causes (weak leadership in Louis XVI and economic crisis) • Influence of Enlightenment ideas • Influence of the American Revolution o Provided a successful model/example of overthrowing a monarchy (American colonists overthrew George III of England) o French participated in the American Revolution (After they were kicked out of North America • Ethnic diversity after the French and Indian War) • Religion and Orthodox Church • Ivan the Terrible • Peasants and serfdom Events of the French Revolution • Increasing autocracy • Storming of the Bastille • Reign of Terror under Robespierre • Founding of the First French Republic

Outcomes of the French Revolution • End of the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI • Collapse into terror/corrupt Directory? • Rise of Napoleon

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6b. describing the location and development of social and cultural patterns of the

Original location of the Ottoman Empire • Asia Minor

Expansion and extent of the Ottoman Empire • Southwest Asia • Southeastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula • North Africa Peter I (The Great) • “Westernized” the Russian state and society, Development of the Ottoman Empire transforming political, religious and cultural • Capital at Constantinople renamed Istanbul institutions • Islamic religion as a unifying force that tolerated other • Western dress/appearance (shaved beards off/tax) religions • Moved capital from Moscow to new coastal city of • Trade in coffee and ceramics St. Petersburg • Modernized military and industry Social and Cultural Patterns • Catherine the Great continued the process of • Hagia Sophia westernization • and religious complexes built by Sinan • Developments in architecture, calligraphy, manuscript WHII 6. The student will apply social science skills to painting, textiles and ceramics understand the political, cultural, geographic and economic conditions in ASIA from 1500 to 1800 by: 6c. describing the location and development of social and 6a. locating Asian empires in time and place and cultural patterns of India, with emphasis on the identifying major geographic features: and coastal trade.

Asian Empires from 1500 to 1800 • Ottoman Empire Location of the Mughal Empire • (Safavid Empire) • North India • Mughal Empire • Chinese dynasties Contributions of Mughal rulers • Japanese shogunate • Spread of Islam into India • Art and architecture: Taj Mahal Major geographic features • Establishment of European trading outposts) • Asia Minor • Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry • Indian subcontinent • Himalayan Mountains • Indian Ocean • South China Sea • Arabian Peninsula

Trade with European nations • Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent. Southern India traded silks, spices, and gems.

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6d,e. describing the location and development of • Economic System: located at crossroads of trade social and cultural patterns of China with emphasis between Europe and Asia (conquered on the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty; and in Japan with Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it emphasis on the Japanese shogunate ISTANBUL)

Mughal Empire • Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a Muslim • Economic System: dependence on trade with foreign nations (from Europe), economy based on trade and agriculture

China China • Political System: centralized bureaucratic • Creation of foreign enclaves (restricted areas for government ruled by a Qing (Manchu) dynasty foreigners) to control trade emperor • Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade • Economic System: based largely on agriculture, • Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, resistance to trade with European nations porcelain) Japan • Political System: government ruled by a powerful shogun (military leader) with a powerless, but symbolic emperor • Economic System: reliance on maritime/sea trade within the empire, desire to expand to find resources

WHII 7. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the political, cultural,

Japan geographic and economic conditions in sub- • Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a Saharan Africa from 1500 to 1800 CE by military leader (shogun) • Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences 7a. locating major societies in Africa in time and place and identifying major geographic features

Major Societies in Africa • Songhai • Kongo • Asante • Zulu • Ethiopia

Major Geographic features in Africa • Desert 6f: comparing and contrasting the political and • River economic systems of the Asian empires • Congo River • Horn of Africa Ottoman Empire • Cape of Good Hope • Political System: centralized bureaucratic government ruled by a (political and religious leader)

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7b,c. comparing and contrasting the development of social and cultural patterns throughout Africa

Social and Cultural Patterns in: 7d. explaining the development of political Songhai: and economic systems in o rulers practiced ISLAM while most African societies from 1500 people remained loyal to indigenous to 1800 religions

Trade with foreign nations and empires o made Songhai a cultural center in

Africa, including cities like

TIMBUKTU

Asante (Ashanti) Songhai: o Practice of indigenous religion and • Political System: ruled by an absolute monarch who language commanded the military and controlled imperial o Threats from European invasion and bureaucracy other Africa empires created a MILITARISTIC society • Economic System: economy based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert Social and Cultural Patterns in: East Africa and overseas

Ethiopia Asante:

o Influence of Christianity, Judaism and • Political System: elimination of clan tradition in Islam through trade favor of a unified government under a central o Differences in religion and European leader interaction caused conflict • Economic System: economy based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert Social and Cultural Patterns in: Central/Southern and overseas Africa Ethiopia Kongo • Political System: ruled by a monarch centered in o Portuguese missionaries were successful Christianity in converting rulers to Christianity, • Economic System: economy based on trade of gold, resulting in the conversion of the entire ivory and frankincense across the Sahara Desert kingdom and overseas o The art of the Kongo was elaborate, using wood, cloth and terra cotta Kongo • Political System: ruled by a monarch with Zulu centralized power over a bureaucracy o Use of indigenous religion, • Economic System: economy based on agriculture, characterized by ancestral spirits and use metallurgy and the trade of ivory and slaves of magic o History passed through oral traditions in Zulu the indigenous language • Political System: ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy • Economic System: economy based entirely on agriculture and livestock

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WHII 8. The student will use social science skills to Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on understand the changes in European nations between industrialized countries 1800 and 1900 by: • Population increase • Increased standards of living for many but not all 8a. explaining the roles of resources, capital and • Improved transportation entrepreneurship in developing an industrial • Urbanization economy • Environmental pollution • Increased education Industrial Revolution • Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions • Originated in England because of its natural resources • Growth of the middle class (e.g., coal, iron ore) and the invention and improvement of the steam engine The nature of work in the factory system • Spread to Europe and the United States (resources) • Family-based cottage industries displaced by the factory • Role of cotton textile, iron, and steel industries (resources) system • Relationship to the British Enclosure • Harsh working conditions with men competing with Movement(entrepreneurship) women and children for wages • Rise of the factory system and demise of cottage • Child labor that kept costs of production low and profits industries(entrepreneurship) high • Rising economic powers that wanted to control raw • Owners of mines and factories exercised considerable materials and markets throughout the world(capital) control over the lives of their laborers

Technological advances/inventors that produced the Social effects of the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution • Women and children entering the workplace as cheap • Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves labor • Steam engine: James Watt • Expansion of education • Cotton gin: Eli Whitney • Women’s increased demands for suffrage • Process for making steel: Henry Bessemer

8c. describing how industrialization affected economic and political systems in Europe, with emphasis on the slave trade, and the labor union movement.

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on slavery • The cotton gin increased demand for slave labor on 8b. analyzing the effects of the Industrial Revolution American plantations. on society and culture, with emphasis on the • The United States and Britain outlawed the slave trade and evolution of the nature of work and the labor then slavery. force, including its effects on families/status of women and children The rise of labor unions • Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased Advancements in science and medicine wages and improved working conditions • Development of smallpox vaccination: Edward Jenner • Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children • Discovery of bacteria: Louis Pasteur • Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management

Capitalism • Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations • Role of market competition and entrepreneurial abilities • Impact on standard of living and the growth of the middle class • Dissatisfaction with poor working conditions and the unequal distribution of wealth in society

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Socialism and communism • Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels) and Das Kapital • Response to the injustices of capitalism • Importance to communists of redistribution of wealth

8d. assessing the impact of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna on political power in Europe

Legacy of Napoleon

• Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination Unification of Germany • Napoleonic Code • Otto von Bismarck led Prussia in the unification of

• Awakening of feelings of national pride and growth of Germany through war and by appealing to nationalist nationalism feelings.

• Bismarck’s actions were seen as an example of Realpolitik, Legacy of the Congress of Vienna which justifies all means to achieve and hold power. • “Balance of power” doctrine • The Franco-Prussian War led to the creation of the German Restoration of monarchies • state • New political map of Europe WHII 9. The student will apply social science skills New political philosophies (liberalism, conservatism) to understand global interactions between 1800 and

1900 by: **New SOL writers included the following as commentary: 9a. locating the USA, describing its expansion from • National pride, economic competition and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of NATIONALISM 1776 and 1900 and assessing its changing role in • The terms of the Congress of Vienna, 1815 led to the world; widespread discontent in Europe, especially in Italy and Location of the United States…..seriously?!..on the the German states. Unsuccessful revolutions in 1848 continent of North America in the Western Hemisphere, increased nationalistic tensions. between the Atlantic • In contrast to continental Europe, the United Kingdom and Pacific Oceans (England/Britain)expanded political rights through legislative means and made slavery illegal in the British American Empire expansion, 1776- 1900 • Expanded from 8e,f explaining the events related to the unification original 13 movements in Italy and Germany (the role of colonies to Italian nationalism in Italy and Otto von include land all Bismarck in Germany) the way to the Pacific Ocean • Expansion possible through economic, political and military means • Largest piece of territory acquired through the Louisiana Purchase from France

Changing Role of the United States • The Industrial Revolution made the United States a leading world economic power beginning int eh 19th century Unification of Italy • This new status encouraged the United States to become • Count Cavour unified Northern Italy. increasingly involved in global politics from that point • Giuseppe Garibaldi joined southern Italy to northern Italy. forward • The Papal States (including Rome) became the last to join Italy.

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9b. locating Latin America, explaining the causes and effects of the revolutions, with emphasis on the contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture and Simon Bolivar and identifying the impact of the American and French Revolutions in Latin America;

Latin America is located in the Western Hemisphere, south of the United States. It includes Mexico, Central America, South America and the Caribbean Islands.

9c. describing the political and social challenges faced by Latin American nations with emphasis on the Monroe Doctrine • The Monroe Doctrine was issued by President James Monroe in 1823. • Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent. Causes of Revolutions in Latin America • The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace • Rigid social class system established by colonial and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their powers system on any independent state in the Western • Centralized rule by colonial powers Hemisphere. • Increase of nationalism • Newly independent Latin American nations had to • Increasingly educated Creole middle class assimilate European, African and Native American cultures into one cohesive society • Influence of the Enlightenment and American and

French Revolutions on Latin America 9d. assessing the European COLONIZATION and Contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture on Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands • Former slave who led Haitian rebellion against French and Australia • Defeated the armies of three foreign powers: Spain, France, and Britain • Slaves in Haiti rebelled, abolished slavery, and won independence.

Contributions of Simón Bolivar • Native resident who led revolutionary efforts • Liberated the northern areas of Latin America

Effects of Latin American revolutions

• French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies gained independence • Selected countries gained independence during the 1800s: Mexico, Haiti, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil

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Forms of Imperialism 9e. analyzing the relationship between • Colonies industrialization, imperialism and nationalism • • Spheres of Influence • Economic advantage and competition motivated European nations to compete for colonial possessions Imperialism in Africa and Asia resulting in nationalism in the colonies • European domination • European economic, military and political power • European conflicts carried to colonies forced colonized countries to trade on European • Christian efforts terms • Spheres of influence in China • Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets • Suez and displaced their traditional industries • East India Company’s domination of Indian states • Colonized peoples resisted European domination and • America’s opening of Japan to trade responded ion diverse ways to Western influences

Imperialism in the Pacific Islands • European and American domination WHII 10. The student will apply social science skills • Motivated by a desire to control islands on the way to to understand WWI and its worldwide impact by Asia for refueling and supplies • Colonial powers wanted to control trade and 10 a. explaining the economic and political causes, production of raw materials in the islands identifying major leaders of the war, with emphasis on Woodrow Wilson and Kaiser Imperialism in Australia Wilhelm II; • Became a colony of Britain • Originated as a penal colony for Britain (to send Causes of World War I (MAIN = Militarism, Alliance prisoners from crowded prisons) System, Imperialism, Nationalism) • Australia provided Britain with resources and other • Alliances that divided Europe into competing camps benefits • Nationalistic feelings • Diplomatic failures Responses of colonized peoples • Imperialism • Armed conflicts (events leading to Boxer • Competition over colonies Rebellion in China) • Militarism

• Rise of nationalism (first Indian nationalist party Major events founded in mid01800s) • Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand • United States enters the war • Russia leaves the war

Major leaders • Woodrow Wilson (President of the United States) • Kaiser Wilhelm II (monarch of Germany)

10b. describing the location of major battles and the role of new technologies of WWI;

Major Battles of World War I • Tannenberg • Battle of the Marne • Gallipoli • Somme • Verdun

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Technological Advancements used in World War I

• Submarine • Poison gas • Tanks • Machine gun • Trench warfare • propaganda

10c. analyzing and explaining the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the actions of the League of Nations with emphasis on the MANDATE SYSTEM;

Outcomes and global effect • Colonies’ participation in the war, which increased demands for independence BIGGEST CONSEQUENCE of the Russian Revolution = • End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and the Rise of COMMUNISM! Austro-Hungarian empires • Bolshevik Revolution and civil war • Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social • Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy disruption • Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor

Treaty of Versailles 10 e. explaining the causes and assessing the impact • Forced Germany to accept responsibility for war and loss of worldwide depression in the 1930s; of territory and to pay reparations • Limited the German military Causes of worldwide depression • League of Nations • German reparations • Expansion of production capacities and dominance of the League of Nations United States in the global economy • International cooperative organization • High protective tariffs • Established to prevent future wars • Excessive expansion of credit • United States NOT a member • Stock Market Crash of 1929 • Failure of League because it did not have power to enforce its decisions Impact of worldwide depression • High unemployment in industrial countries The mandate system • Bank failures and collapse of credit • During WWI Great Britain and France agreed to divide • Collapse of prices in world trade large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s East amongst themselves blame of European Jews for economic collapse • The division of the Ottoman Empire through the mandate system planted the seeds for future conflicts in 10 f. examining events related to the rise of the Middle East totalitarianism

U.S.S.R. during the Interwar Period — Joseph Stalin 10d. citing causes and consequences of the Russian • Entrenchment of communism Revolution; • Stalin’s policies: Five-year plans, collectivization of farms, state industrialization, secret Causes of 1917 revolutions • Great Purge • Defeat in war with Japan in 1905 • Landless peasantry Germany during the Interwar Period — Adolf Hitler • Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II • Inflation and depression • Military defeats and high casualties in World War I • Democratic government weakened • Anti-Semitism • Extreme nationalism • National Socialism (Nazism) • German occupation of nearby countries • Final Solution: extermination camps and gas chambers

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11 c. describing the major events, including major battles Italy during the Interwar Period — Benito Mussolini and the role of new technologies • Rise of fascism Major events of the war (1939–1945) • Ambition to restore the glory of Rome • German invasion of Poland • Invasion of Ethiopia • Fall of France • Battle of Britain Japan during the Interwar Period — Hirohito and Hideki • German invasion of the Soviet Union Tojo • Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor • Militarism • D-Day (Allied invasion of Europe) • Industrialization of Japan, leading to drive for raw • Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki materials • Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China 11 d. examining the Holocaust and other examples of genocide in the twentieth century; and WHII 11. The student will apply social science skills to understand World War II and its worldwide Terms to know impact by • genocide: The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group 11a. explaining the major causes of the war Economic and political causes of World War II; Elements leading to the Holocaust • Aggression by the totalitarian powers of Germany, Italy, • Totalitarianism combined with nationalism Japan • History of anti-Semitism • Nationalism • Defeat in World War I and economic depression blamed on • Failures of the Treaty of Versailles German Jews • Weakness of the League of Nations • Hitler’s belief in the master race • Appeasement • Anti-Semitic Nazi propaganda • Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United States Other examples of genocide • Armenians (1915) by leaders of the Ottoman Empire • Peasants, government and military leaders, and members of the elite in the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin • Artists, technicians, former government officials, monks, minorities, and other educated individuals by Pol Pot in Cambodia • Muslim and Croats by Bosnian Serbs in former Yugoslavia (Balkan peninsula) • Tutsi minority by Hutu in Rwanda • Darfuri civilians by Sudanese government

11 b. describing the leaders of the war; Major leaders of the war • Franklin D. Roosevelt: U.S. president • Harry Truman: U.S. president after death of President Roosevelt • Dwight D. Eisenhower: Allied commander in Europe • Douglas MacArthur: U.S. general • George C. Marshall: U.S. general • Winston Churchill: British prime minister • Joseph Stalin: Soviet dictator • Adolf Hitler: Nazi dictator of Germany • Hideki Tojo: Japanese general

• Hirohito: Emperor of Japan

STOP GENOCIDE!

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11e. examining the effects of the war with emphasis on the terms of the peace, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the creation of international cooperative organizations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).

Outcomes of World War II • Loss of empires by European powers • Establishment of two major powers in the world: The United States and the U.S.S.R. • War crimes trials • Division of Europe, Iron Curtain • Establishment of the United Nations

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Marshall Plan WHII 12: The student will apply social science skills • Formation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to understand the conflicts during the second half of and Warsaw Pact the twentieth century by

a. explaining the CAUSES of the Cold War, including the competition between the American and Soviet economic and political systems and the causes of the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe;

Causes of the Cold War (1945–1948) • The Yalta Conference and the Soviet control of Eastern Europe • Rivalry between the United States and the U.S.S.R.

• Democracy and the free enterprise system vs. dictatorship and communism Efforts for reconstruction of Germany • President Truman and the Policy of Containment • Democratic government installed in West Germany and • Eastern Europe: Soviet satellite nations, the Iron Curtain West Berlin • Germany and Berlin divided among the four Allied powers 12b. describing the major leaders and events of the • Emergence of West Germany as economic power in Cold War, including the location of major postwar Europe conflicts.

Events of the Cold War (1948–1989) Efforts for reconstruction of Japan • Creation of opposing alliances: North Atlantic Treaty • United States occupation of Japan under MacArthur’s Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact administration • Korean War • Democracy and economic development • Vietnam War • Elimination of Japan’s military offensive capabilities; • Berlin and significance of the Berlin Wall 1961 guarantee of Japan’s security by the United States • Cuban Missile Crisis • Emergence of Japan as dominant economy in Asia • Development of nuclear weapons and the theory of deterrence International Cooperative Organizations • United Nations Causes of the Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe • Warsaw Pact • Soviet economic collapse • Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries The Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Tearing down of Berlin Wall • Established and adopted by members of the United Nations • Breakup of the Soviet Union • Provided a code of conduct for the treatment of people • Expansion of NATO under the protection of their government

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12c. describing conflicts and revolutionary WHII 13 The student will apply social science skills movements in Asia and their major leaders, to understand the political, economic, social, and including Mao Tse-tung (Zedong), Chiang Kai- cultural aspects of independence movements and shek(Jiang Jieshi), Deng Xiaoping and Ho Chi development efforts by Minh. 13 a. describing the struggles for self-rule, including Gandhi’s leadership in India and the Terms to know development of India’s democracy. • containment: A policy for preventing the expansion of communism Regional setting for the Indian independence movement • Indian sub-continent Major movements in China • British India • Division of China into two nations at the end of the • India Chinese civil war • Pakistan (formerly West Pakistan) • Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi): Nationalist China (island • Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) of Taiwan) • Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) • Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong): Communist China (mainland China) Evolution of the Indian independence movement • Continuing conflict between the two Chinas • British rule in India • Communist China’s participation in Korean War • Indian National Congress • Deng Xiaoping: continued communist control of • Leadership of Mohandas Gandhi government, reformed China’s “communist” economy to • Role of civil disobedience and passive resistance allow elements of a MARKET ECONOMY and RAPID • Political division along Hindu-Muslim lines — ECONOMIC GROWTH Pakistan/India • Republic of India Conflicts and revolutionary movements in Vietnam – World’s largest democratic nation • Role of French Imperialism – Federal system, giving many powers to the states • Leadership of Ho Chi Minh • Vietnam as a divided nation Indian democracy • Influence of policy of containment • Jawaharlal Nehru, a close associate of Gandhi, supported • The United States and the Vietnam War western-style industrialization. • Vietnam as a reunited communist country today • 1950 Constitution sought to prohibit caste discrimination. • Ethnic and religious differences caused problems in the 12d. examining the political and economic shifts that development of India as a democratic nation. led to the end of the Cold War with emphasis on • New economic development has helped to ease financial Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev, and problems of the nation. Ronald Reagan.

Margaret Thatcher 13b. describing Africa’s independence movements , • British prime minister including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya • Free trade and less government regulation of business and Nelson Mandela’s role in South Africa; • Close relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policy The independence movement in Africa • Assertion of United Kingdom’s military power • Right to self-determination (U.N. charter) • Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II Mikhail Gorbachev • Pride in African cultures and heritage • Glasnost and perestroika • Resentment of imperial rule and economic exploitation • Fall of the Berlin Wall in Germany • Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France, Belgium, and • Last president of Soviet Union Portugal; influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War Ronald Reagan • Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI/Star Wars) • Fall of the Berlin Wall: “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.” • Conservative economic policy

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Examples of independence movements and subsequent development efforts • West Africa: Peaceful transition • Algeria: War of Independence from France • Kenya (Britain): Violent struggle under leadership of Golda Meir Jomo Kenyatta • Became a leader during the Mandate period • South Africa: Black South Africans’ struggle against • Prime Minister of Israel in 1969 apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first • After initial setbacks, led Israel to victory in Yom Kippur black president of the Republic of South Africa War • Sought support of United States

Gamal Abdul Nasser • President of Egypt • Gained full independence from Great Britain in 1956 and became the leader of Pan-Arab nationalism • Nationalized Suez Canal • Established relationship with Soviet Union • Built Aswan High Dam

WHII 14. The student will apply social science skills to understand the global changes during the early 21st century by 14 a. identifying contemporary political issues, with emphasis on migrations of refugees and others, ethnic/religious conflicts, and the impact of

technology, including the role of social media, chemical and biological technologies.

Migrations of refugees and others 13c. describing the end of the mandate system and • Refugees as an issue in international conflicts the creation of states in the Middle East, • Migrations of “guest workers” to European cities including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdul Nasser. Ethnic and religious conflicts • Middle East Mandates in the Middle East • Northern Ireland • Established by the League of Nations • Balkans • Granted independence after World War II • Horn of Africa (see shaded map!) • Resulted in Middle East conflicts created bynationalist • South Asia aspirations, limited resources and religious differences

French mandates in the Middle East • Syria • Lebanon Horn of Africa British mandates in the Middle East • Palestine (included the land that became Jordan and Israel) • Iraq

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Impact of new technologies • Widespread but unequal access to computers and instantaneous communications • Genetic engineering and bioethics • Social Media allows for instant communication and the rapid spread of ideas

Relationship between economic and political freedom Free market economies historically have produced rising standards of living and an expanding middle class, which produces growing demands for political freedoms and individual rights. Recent examples include Taiwan and 14b. assessing the link between economic and South Korea. political freedom. 14c. describing economic interdependence, including Contrasts between developed and developing nations the rise of multinational corporations, • Geographic locations of major developed and developing international organizations, and trade countries agreements; • Economic conditions • Social conditions (literacy, access to health care) Economic interdependence • Population size and rate of growth • Role of rapid transportation, communication, and computer networks Factors affecting environment and society • Rise and influence of multinational corporations • Economic development • Changing role of international boundaries • Rapid population growth • Regional integration, e.g., European Union • Trade agreements, e.g., North American Free Trade Environmental challenges Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization (WTO) • Pollution • International organizations, e.g., United Nations (UN), • Loss of habitat International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Global climate change 14 d. analyzing the impact of terrorism Social challenges • Poverty Examples of international terrorism • Poor health • Munich Olympics • Illiteracy • Terrorist attacks in the United States (e.g., 9/11/2001) • Famine motivated by extremism (Osama bin Laden). • Migration • Car bombings • Suicide bombers • Airline hijackers

Governmental responses to terrorist activities • Surveillance • Review of privacy rights • Security at ports and airports • Identification badges and photos • Interrogations and detentions of suspected terrorists

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WH Vocabulary to MASTER

• MAKE FLASHCARDS Unit 2 • Who, what, when, why, where, how? • Immediate/long term effect? 1. Prince Henry the Navigator • Cause AND/OR effect? 2. Vasco Da Gama • Political aspect? 3. Christopher Columbus • Economic aspect? 4. Hernando Cortez 5. Ferdinand Magellan • Social aspect? 6. Francis Drake • Cultural aspect? 7. Columbian Exchange • How can you connect each term to other 8. Elizabeth I terms in the same unit AND other units? 9. Philip II 10. Charles I Unit 1 11. Thomas Hobbes 12. Oliver Cromwell

1. civilization 13. Charles II 2. theology 14. Glorious Revolution

3. Four Noble Truths 15. English Bill of Rights, 1689

4. caste system 16. Hapsburg family

5. Ten Commandments 17. Maria Theresa

6. Hammurabi 18. Huguenots

7. 19. Edict of Nantes

8. Chichen Itza 20. Louis XIV

9. Tenochtitlan 21. Peace of Westphalia, 1648

10. Black Death 22. Nicolaus Copernicus

11. Great Schism 23. Johannes Kepler

12. Leonardo da Vinci 24. Galileo

13. Medici Family 25. Isaac Newton

14. Niccolo Machiavelli 26. William Harvey

15. The Prince 27. Peter the Great

16. Renaissance 28. John Locke

17. Protestant Reformation 29. Montesquieu

18. Catholic Counter-Reformation 30. Rousseau

19. Johann Tetzel 20. Martin Luther Unit 3 21. John Calvin 22. Henry VIII 1. Bourgeoisie (Buh-zhwah-zee) 23. vernacular 2. Bastille 24. secular 3. Louis XVI 25. humanism 4. Robespierre 26. Petrarch 5. Reign of Terror 27. Dante 6. Napoleon 28. Michelangelo 7. Jacques Louis David 29. Erasmus 8. Toussaint L’Ouverture 30. Peace of Augsburg, 1555 9. Simon Bolivar 10. Congress of Vienna 11. Klemens von Metternich (Clemens) 12. Count Cavour

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13. G. Garibaldi 28. Mohandas Gandhi 14. Otto von Bismarck 29. Reza Shah Pahlavi 15. Realpolitik 30. Ibn Saud 16. Romanticism 17. James Hargreaves Unit 5 18. James Watt 19. Eli Whitney 1. General Hideki Tojo 20. Henry Bessemer 2. Emperor Hirohito 21. Edward Jenner 3. appeasement 22. Louis Pasteur 4. Franklin D. Roosevelt 23. Charles Darwin 5. Winston Churchill 24. Sigmund Freud 6. Erwin Rommel 25. Adam Smith 7. Dwight D. Eisenhower 26. Karl Marx 8. D-Day 27. Queen Victoria 9. sanctions 28. Anti-Semitism 10. Nuremberg Trials 29. Zionism 11. Bataan Death March 30. Dreyfus Affair 12. Rape of Nanjing 13. Geneva Convention 14. iron curtain Unit 4 15. General Douglas MacArthur 16. NATO 1. Colonies 17. Warsaw Pact 2. Protectorates 18. Marshall Plan 3. Spheres of Influence 19. Truman Doctrine 4. Social Darwinism 20. Brezhnev Doctrine 5. Shaka Zulu 21. Cultural Revolution 6. Boer War 22. Ho Chi Minh 7. Sepoy Mutiny 23. Pol Pot 8. Boxer Rebellion 24. Khmer Rouge 9. Extraterritorial rights 25. Nikita Krushchev 10. Meiji Restoration 26. Ayatollah Khomeini 11. Open Door Policy 27. Imre Nagy (pronounced “ Em-ray Noh-zh”) 12. Roosevelt Corollary 28. Alexander Dubcek (pronounced “Doob-check”) 13. Kaiser Wilhelm II 29. Détente (pronounced “day-tahnt”) 14. Schlieffen Plan 30. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) 15. Rasputin 16. Armenian massacre Unit 6 17. Young Turks 18. Mustafa Kemal 1. Jawaharlal Nehru 19. armistice 2. Muhammad Ali Jinnah 20. League of Nations 3. Indira Gandhi 21. Woodrow Wilson 4. Benazir Bhutto 22. reparations 5. Liberation Tigers of Tamil 23. New Economic Policy 6. Corazon Aquino 24. totalitarian state 7. Kwame Nkrumah 25. Mao Zedong 8. Jomo Kenyatta 26. Sun Yixian 9. Mau-Mau 27. Jiang Jieshi 10. Mobutu Sese Seko

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11. Golda Meir 12. Yom Kippur War 13. Gamal Abdel Nasser 14. Suez Crisis 15. Yasir Arafat 16. Yitsak Rabin 17. Camp David Accords 18. Taliban 19. Juan Peron 20. Apartheid 21. Nelson Mandela 22. Mikhail Gorbachev 23. Glasnost and perestroika 24. Lech Walesa 25. Deng Xiaoping 26. Tiananmen Square 27. Sustainable growth 28. Saddam Hussein 29. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 30. Weapons of mass destruction

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World History 1500 to Present Textbook Homework Grading Procedures

**The Bell rings. You must already be in your assigned seat dating and copying the bellwork into your composition book. When I get to you, flip your page to the beginning of your homework from the night before. HOMEWORK MUST BE LEGIBLE AT A GLANCE from the altitude of my eyes to your composition book on your desk.

• BLACK or dark blue INK • Date in the middle of the composition book EX: 1/3 • ASSIGNMENT listed exactly as it is listed on the Unit Comps sheet EX: Pro. p 11 q. 1-5

(4 questions/25 points each)

1. Section term identification terms. You do NOT have to write a sentence using the term. Just make a bullet, write the term, underline it and put a (:), then indicate the MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT THAT TERM from the section.

Ex:: • Nomad: pre-civ hunter gatherer who moved around from place to place looking for food (DO NOT DO #2…Just skip a line and write #3).

3. One complete sentence answer that is clear enough that it is obvious what the question was AND includes the correct answer. Use no pronouns or “Because”…complete sentence violations are 10 pts each. Skip a line 4. One complete sentence answer that is clear enough that it is obvious what the question was AND includes the correct answer. Use no pronouns or “Because”…complete sentence violations are 10 pts each. Skip a line 5. One complete sentence answer that is clear enough that it is obvious what the question was AND includes the correct answer. Use no pronouns or “Because”…complete sentence violations are 10 pts each.

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