Zythiostroma sp. DEC07 Chris Dunne, DEC. Ph: 08 9334 0308; Colin Crane, DEC. Ph: 08 9334 0482. 08 Ph: DEC. Crane, 08 93340308;Colin Ph: Key Dunne,DEC. Contacts: Chris Ascomycetous fungi. In Western Australia (WA), these canker fungi include fungi these canker include (WA), Australia InWestern fungi. Ascomycetous cause canker pathogenscan different range of large A the bark. of beneaththesurface oftenhidden are that plants andother woody plants of stem the in wounds localized are Cankers Classification Disease Further Reading: community. entire Banksia the of collapse or plant infected the of dieback crown complete itcancause almost cases other onepathogen mayonlykill branch on a host plant, but in the cases Insome 1, 2). (Figure canker underlying the that highlights bark of flaggingand cracking dieback, crown include plant host infected an of symptoms Typical Impact B. grandis including including WA, from communities plant the native in Proteaceae from Zythiostroma Host Range unclear. is the pathogen of epidemiology the on stage the sexual of role the and WA in observed the Only asexual stage has been material. infected of movement and rainsplash in ofconidia movement the through hosts new to transmitted pathogenis The endangered the including WA, in species Banksia of rare to a number Zythiostroma todemonstrated have pathogenic a strong The ability. widespread and has itisreasonably been described the state. Although to this species is still beformally of south-west the across Banksias diseased from isolated Nectriaceae. Zythiostroma The Pathogen Endothiella Name Common B. baxteri causedby dieback andcrown Flagging 1. Fig : B. baxteri . Fig 3. Colony morphology of of morphology 3.Colony . Fig and , Phoma Banksia brownii Zythiostroma sp. has mostly been recorded on host plants plants onhost recorded been mostly has sp. threat major bea to hasbeenidentified sp. family the in fungi canker genusof a is : B. verticillata : Pathogen ofthemonth Pathogen ofthemonth K: Fungi; P: Ascomycota; C: Sordariomyce C: P: K: Fungi; Ascomycota; Zythiostroma F: Nectriaceae. F: in Banksia Canker Aerial Shearer Shearer , 1 , B. brownii Quambalaria sp. has been commonly hasbeencommonly sp. et al. . . B. attenuata , B. sp. (1995). Plant Disease 79:637-641. Disease Plant (1995). , Seiridium Zythiostroma , , B. coccinea and Zythiostroma Zythiostroma sp. Fig 4. A close up of the pycnidia on the stem of of thestem on the pycnidia upof Aclose 4. Fig sp. 2 sp. Fig 2. A typical canker caused by tes; SC: Hypocreomycetidae; O: Hypocreales; Hypocreales; O: Hypocreomycetidae; SC: tes; in melanocraspeda Cryptodiaporthe than pathogenic more was plant pathogens in WA. in plant pathogens important groupof this of threat the access adequately isconducted to research that further imperative itis species and forestry rare plants, horticultural manyofWA’s fungi to threat of theclear Given mass. on yellow 1µ, orange by 4 allantoid, slightly or straight aseptate, hyaline, acropleurogenous, Conidia minute. channelandcollarette hyaline, enteroblastic, phialidic, cells Conidiogenous involuted. and multiloculate ostiolate, black, through bark, erupting finallysuperficial subcortical hyaline(Figure 3,Pycnidia 4). to septate, brown pale immersed, is in culture Mycelium Key Features coast. south the in communities andtheheath Sandplains woodlands, Northern Banksia forest, the Jarrah in recorded The pathogen of WA. has thesouth-west been across Zythiostroma Distribution the pathogen. of impact and occurrence increase may extremes climatic thatincreasing Itislikely to occur. forinfection conditions Zythiostroma that itwas fungi, hypothesised canker two these other pathogenin the of recovery of frequency Shearer . s, but arguably the most common causal agents are the are agents causal common most the butarguably s, Banksia baxteri Banksia et al. sp. is found in discrete disease centres centres disease isfoundindiscrete sp. environmental specific more have may sp. (1995) demonstrated that demonstrated (1995) – – Botryosphaeria December December and B. coccinea 3 Zythiostroma Botryosphaeria ribis Botryosphaeria , Cryptodiaporthe . in underbark inoculations inoculations underbark in . Due to thelower . Dueto Zythiostroma sp. and other canker canker andother sp. Zythiostroma B. coccinea B. baxteri. 2007 , 2007 and Cytospora sp. on sp. than sp. 4 ,