Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fishes)

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PHYLUM: CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM: VERTEBRATE (CRANIATA) SUPERCLASIS: GNATHASTOMATA (JAWED FISHES) CLASS: CHONDRICHTYES (CARTILAGINOUS FISHES) GENERAL FEATURES OF PISCES BODY PLAN SCALE TYPES CAUDAL FIN TYPES VARIATIONS OF CAUDAL FIN Pinul FISH MOUTH TYPES POSITIONS OF PELVIC FINS POSITIONS OF PECTORAL FINS LATERAL LINE CLASS I: CHONDRICHTHYES EXTERNAL FEATURES-MORPHOLOGY Trunk Head Tail Body Fusiform Body dorsoventrally compressed Median Fins Heterocercal caudal fin Placoid scales (Homologous mammalian teeth) (5-7 pairs Median fin Paired Fins It is the first time seen in Anal fin is not found cartilaginous fish Chimaeras in Squalus Teeth covered with enamel Operculum Diphycercal caudal fin MALE FEMALE Mermaid’s purse Many sharks are ovovoviparous. There is no shell in the eggs. The egg opens in the animal's body cavity (Squalus acanthias) SYSTEMATICS PHYLUM: CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM: VERTEBRATE (CRANIATA) SUPERCLASIS: GNATHASTOMATA (JAWED FISHES) CLASS I: CHONDRICHTYES (CARTILAGINOUS FISHES) SUBCLASS I: PLACODERMI (FOSSIL FORMS) Primitive jawed; Simple hyoid arch and has single (unique) gill slit. No spiracles. Body is covered with bone plate or scales. The skeleton is bone-shaped. Climatius Acanthodius Dinichthys Bothriolepis SUBCLASS II:XENACANTHIFORMES Fossil Freshwater Sharks Xenacanthus SUBCLASS III: Cladoselachiformes Fossil marine sharks SUBCLASS IV: Elasmobranchii Sharks, Skates and Rays I. ORDO: SQUALIFORMES (PLEUROTREMATA) Placoid scales or derivatives (scutes and spines) usually present 5-7 pairs of gill arches and gill slits in seperate clefts along pharynx Upper jaw not fused to cranium About 937 species Mostly marine Hexanchus griseus Heptranchias perlo Scyliorhinus sterllaris Squatina oculata Rhinobatos rhinobatos II. ORDO: RAJIFORMES (SKATES) Torpedo nobiliana Raja alba Torpedo torpedo Pteromylaeus bovinus Raja montagui (Vatoz) SUBCLASIS V: HOLOCEPHALI -CHIMAERAS It has four pairs of gills, but a pair of gill openings. No spiracle Scales absent Upper jaw fused to cranium Chimaera monstrosa.

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