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Queer Censorship in US LGBTQ+ Movements Since World War II
History in the Making Volume 13 Article 6 January 2020 A Different Kind of Closet: Queer Censorship in U.S. LGBTQ+ Movements since World War II James Martin CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons Recommended Citation Martin, James (2020) "A Different Kind of Closet: Queer Censorship in U.S. LGBTQ+ Movements since World War II," History in the Making: Vol. 13 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol13/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Different Kind of Closet: Queer Censorship in U.S. LGBTQ+ Movements since World War II By James Martin Abstract: Since World War II, there has been an increased visibility of LGBTQ+ communities in the United States; however, this visibility has noticeably focused on “types” of queer people – mainly white, middle class, cisgender gays and lesbians. History remembers the 1969 Stonewall Inn riots as the catalyst that launched the movement for gay rights and brought forth a new fight for civil and social justice. This paper analyzes the restrictions, within LGBTQ+ communities, that have been placed on transpersons and gender nonconforming people before and after Stonewall. While the riots at the Stonewall Inn were demonstrative of a fight ready to be fought, there were many factors that contributed to the push for gay rights. -
Supreme Court of the United States ______
No. 12-144 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States _________ DENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, ET AL., Petitioners, v. KRISTIN M. PERRY, ET AL., Respondents. _________ On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit _________ BRIEF OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS AND THE AMERICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS _________ CATHERINE E. STETSON* MICHAEL D. KASS ERICA KNIEVEL SONGER MARY HELEN WIMBERLY C. BENJAMIN COOPER RYAN D. TAGGETT HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 Thirteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20004 (202) 637-5491 [email protected] *Counsel of Record Counsel for Amici Curiae TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ........................................ ii STATEMENT OF INTEREST .................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .......................................................... 3 ARGUMENT ............................................................... 6 I. GAY AND LESBIAN PEOPLE HAVE BEEN SUBJECT TO WIDESPREAD AND SIGNIFICANT DISCRIMINA- TION IN THE UNITED STATES ...................... 6 A. The Historical Roots of Discrim- ination Against Gay People ........................ 6 B. Modern American History: 1890-1940 .................................................... 7 C. World War II and Its Aftermath ............... 12 D. The Gay Rights Movement and Its Opponents in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s ....................................... 17 E. The Persistence of Anti-Gay Dis- crimination from the 1990s to the Present ................................................ 20 II. HISTORY PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE COURT’S EQUAL- PROTECTION ANALYSIS ............................... 35 CONCLUSION .......................................................... 37 (i) ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) CASES: Baehr v. Lewin, 852 P.2d 44 (Haw. 1993) ...................................... 30 Baehr v. Miike, Civ. No. 20371, 1999 Haw. LEXIS 391 (Haw. Dec. 9, 1999) .............................................. 31 Boseman v. Jarrell, 704 S.E.2d 494 (N.C. -
LGBTQ America: a Theme Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer History Is a Publication of the National Park Foundation and the National Park Service
Published online 2016 www.nps.gov/subjects/tellingallamericansstories/lgbtqthemestudy.htm LGBTQ America: A Theme Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer History is a publication of the National Park Foundation and the National Park Service. We are very grateful for the generous support of the Gill Foundation, which has made this publication possible. The views and conclusions contained in the essays are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. © 2016 National Park Foundation Washington, DC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced without permission from the publishers. Links (URLs) to websites referenced in this document were accurate at the time of publication. THEMES The chapters in this section take themes as their starting points. They explore different aspects of LGBTQ history and heritage, tying them to specific places across the country. They include examinations of LGBTQ community, civil rights, the law, health, art and artists, commerce, the military, sports and leisure, and sex, love, and relationships. LGBTQ 16BUSINESS AND COMMERCE David K. Johnson As the field of gay and lesbian studies first began to take shape in the 1980s, writer and activist Dennis Altman called attention to the central role that commercial enterprises played in the development of LGBTQ communities. “One of the ironies -
2016 Citywide LGBTQ Historic Context Statement
San Diego Citywide LGBTQ Historic Context Statement City of San Diego Department of City Planning September 29, 2016 Prepared by: 617 S. Olive Street, Suite 910 Los Angeles, CA 90014 310-792-2690 gpaconsulting-us.com San Diego Citywide LGBTQ Historic Context Statement Certified Local Government Grant Disclaimers The activity which is the subject of this historic context statement has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of Interior, through the California Office of Historic Preservation. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age of Discrimination Act of 1975 as amended, the Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity National Park Service 1849 C Street, N.W. Washington D.C. 20240 i San Diego Citywide LGBTQ Historic Context Statement Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................... 1 Terms and Definitions ...................................................................................................... -
Public Sex, Queer Intimate Kinship, and How the AIDS Epidemic Bathhouse Closures Constituted a Dignity Taking
Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 92 Issue 3 Dignity Takings and Dignity Restoration Article 13 3-6-2018 Fucking With Dignity: Public Sex, Queer Intimate Kinship, and How the AIDS Epidemic Bathhouse Closures Constituted a Dignity Taking Stephen M. Engel Bates College Timothy S. Lyle Iona College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Property Law and Real Estate Commons, and the Sexuality and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Stephen M. Engel & Timothy S. Lyle, Fucking With Dignity: Public Sex, Queer Intimate Kinship, and How the AIDS Epidemic Bathhouse Closures Constituted a Dignity Taking, 92 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 961 (2018). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol92/iss3/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. FUCKING WITH DIGNITY: PUBLIC SEX, QUEER INTIMATE KINSHIP, AND HOW THE AIDS EPIDEMIC BATHHOUSE CLOSURES CONSTITUTED A DIGNITY TAKING STEPHEN M. ENGEL* TIMOTHY S. LYLE** I. INTRODUCTION On Friday, March 11, 2016, just before Nancy Reagan’s funeral be- gan, Hillary Clinton offered an unprompted assessment of the former first- lady’s advocacy on AIDS: “It may be hard for your viewers to remember how difficult it was for people to talk about HIV/AIDS in the 1980s. And because of both President and Mrs. -
Gay People and Government Security Clearances: a Social Science Perspective
Gay People and Government Security Clearances: A Social Science Perspective Gregory M. Herek* Department of Psychology University of California at Davis American Psychologist, 1990, 45 (9), 1035-1042 Abstract author gratefully acknowledges the comments of Allan Bérubé, Matthew Coles, Richard Gayer, Lesbian and gay male applicants routinely and Franklin Kameny on earlier drafts. The are denied government security clearances or author also is grateful to other participants in the are subjected to unusually lengthy and intensive debate: Donald Bersoff, Theodore Blau, and investigation. This article reviews social science Richard Bloom. Address correspondence to the data relevant to the principal justifications that author, Department of Psychology, University of have been offered for this policy and presents California, Davis CA 95616. the following conclusions: (a) Lesbians and gay men are no more likely than heterosexuals to ___________________________________ suffer from a personality disorder or emotional stress, or to be psychologically unstable; (b) Many Americans working in defense-related lesbians and gay men are no more likely than industries have access to sensitive heterosexuals to be unduly sensitive to coercion, compartmented information (SCI), more blackmail, or duress; (c) lesbians and gay men popularly known as classified information. are no more likely than heterosexuals to be Because unauthorized disclosure of SCI could unwilling to respect or uphold laws or interfere with the ability of the United States to regulations, or to be unreliable or defend itself against foreign enemies, the untrustworthy. Three major flaws are discussed government has instituted procedures for that underlie current government policies screening employees on the basis of their toward gay applicants for security clearances: trustworthiness, reliability, and good judgment. -
Voices from OUT/LOOK Jeffrey Escoffier: “We Created a Magazine That Wasn’T Like Anything Else” by Gerard Koskovich
Voices From OUT/LOOK Jeffrey Escoffier: “We Created a Magazine That Wasn’t Like Anything Else” by Gerard Koskovich The founder of OUT/LOOK magazine and the Out/Write conference, Jeffrey Escoffier was born to a working-class family in Baltimore. He grew up on Staten Island in New York City and attended St. John’s College in Annapolis, Md. During his undergraduate years in the early 1960s, he discovered the work of philosophers Norman O. Brown and Herbert Marcuse. In his book American Homo: Community and Perversity (1998), he notes the impact of their “bold vision of sexual revolution.” These new ideas, Escoffier recalls, “reassured me that, as a queer, I was not destined for a socially meaningless life.” Receiving his bachelor’s degree in 1964, Escoffier went on to graduate school at Columbia University and the University of Pennsylvania. Already involved in gay life in New York City in the years before Stonewall, he welcomed the arrival of the gay liberation movement and the social transformations it inspired. Fascinated with ideas, Escoffier set becoming a public intellectual as his goal. He took a significant step in assuming that role in 1972, when he founded a cultural journal, The Gay Alternative, which continued publishing into 1976. Moving to San Francisco in 1977, Escoffier continued his work as an independent scholar, joining Allan Bérubé, Eric Garber, Amber Hollibaugh, Gayle Rubin and others in cofounding the San Francisco Lesbian and Gay History Project in 1978. That same year he joined the editorial board of the journal Socialist Review, were he served as executive editor from 1980 to 1987. -
Allan Berube Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c83f4rcg No online items Allan Berube papers Finding aid created by GLBT Historical Society staff using RecordEXPRESS GLBT Historical Society 989 Market Street, Lower Level San Francisco, California 94103 (415) 777-5455 [email protected] http://www.glbthistory.org/ 2020 Allan Berube papers 1995-17 1 Descriptive Summary Title: Allan Berube papers Dates: 1946-2007 Collection Number: 1995-17 Creator/Collector: Extent: 15 cartons, 166 boxes, 7 oversize boxes (97.45 linear feet) Repository: GLBT Historical Society San Francisco, California 94103 Abstract: The Allan Bérubé Papers document the personal life, family history and professional work of Allan Ronald Bérubé (1946-2007), a community historian, teacher, author and activist. The collection includes his extensive research files on the topics of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender history. Of particular note are Bérubé’s writings and research files on the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union. These include several unfinished manuscripts and the oral histories he conducted for this project. Language of Material: English Access Collection is open for research. Funding for processing this collection was provided by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) and Allan Bérubé’s literary estate. The erotica in this collection may only be viewed by researchers age eighteen and over and it is made available for educational and research purposes. Publication Rights Copyright to unpublished manuscript materials has been transferred to the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society. Preferred Citation Allan Berube papers. GLBT Historical Society Acquisition Information Gift of Allan Bérubé in May 1994. Gift of the trustees of Bérubé’s literary estate, Waverly Lowell, John D'Emilio and Estelle Freedman, in March 2009. -
Container List for the Allan Bérubé Papers
Container List Series I: Personal Papers. Series I.A Personal Papers: Biographical Information. 1946-2007 Physical Description: Box 1, folders 1-33; Box 179, folder 2 Arrangement: Arranged chronologically. Scope and Content Note: Includes Bérubé’s birth certificate, genealogical research, transcripts of his eulogies for his father and aunt, financial papers, Vietnam War draft papers and conscientious objector statements, real estate records and his obituaries. There is also documentation regarding illegal rent increases and an AIDS discrimination settlement concerning Bérubé’s partner Brian Keith. 1/1 Birth Certificate, 1946 1/2 Motor vehicle registration and driving school, 1966 1/3 Ronald Bérubé (Father’s) National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians (NABET) Union items, circa 1968 1/4-5 “My anti-war, CO papers” – conscientious objector status, American Friends Service Committee, circa 1968-1969 1/6 Check books, 1975-1976 1/7-8 125 Lyon Street Apartment, 1980 1/9 Business cards for stores, food, circa 1980-1990 1/10 Health [personal records, pamphlets], circa 1980-1983 1/11 ID cards, voter registration, memberships, circa 1980-1999 1/12 Dad, Shanti, Hospice, etc., circa 1981 1/13 126 Laguna: bills paid, legal correspondence, 1981-1985 1/14 “Dad article” – Father’s death, 1982 1/15 126 Laguna: legal agreement includes Brian Keith’s death, 1986-1988 1/16 848 Page St. papers, 1988 1/17 360 Guerrero Street, Dolores Plaza condominium purchase, 1988 1/18 N. Commonwealth Avenue apartment, Los Angeles, California, 1993 1/19 Jeannette -
The Lgbt Community Responds: the Lavender Scare and the Creation of Midwestern Gay and Lesbian Publications
THE LGBT COMMUNITY RESPONDS: THE LAVENDER SCARE AND THE CREATION OF MIDWESTERN GAY AND LESBIAN PUBLICATIONS Heather Hines A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2017 Committee: Benjamin Greene, Advisor Michael Brooks ii ABSTRACT Benjamin Greene, Advisor This thesis’s objective is to shed light on understudied and unprecedented developments in LGBT history. Unlike the traditional narrative of the beginning of the gay rights movement, it begins with the aftermath of World War II and the emergence of the Lavender Scare. The Lavender Scare set the stage for the modern gay rights movement and helped spread the movement across the United States. Following the Lavender Scare, gay and lesbian societies were created to help combat societally engrained homophobia. These societies also established their own publications, most notably newspapers, to inform the gay and lesbian community about police entrapment tactics, provide legal advice and news of interest to the community that was not covered in the popular press. Previously unstudied Midwestern gay and lesbian societies and newsletters are also studied, therefore widening the scope of the movement from major coastal cities to rural areas across the nation. Using the existing scholarly literature on LGBT history, this thesis reanalyzes prior developments; uses newly found primary sources such as FBI documents, congressional records, and newsletters, to complicate and expand the history of gay rights in the United States. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank all of the professors and advisors that helped guide me through the completion of this thesis. -
Richard Adams B
RICHARD ADAMS b. March 9, 1947, Manila, Philippines d. December 17, 2012, Los Angeles, California Activist “We really felt that people could achieve the life they wanted.” Richard Adams filed the first U.S. lawsuit to seek federal recognition of same-sex marriage. What should have been the beginning of a happy marriage laid the groundwork for his almost 40-year quest for federally recognized marriage equality. On April 21, 1975, Adams and his Australian partner, Anthony Sullivan, obtained a marriage license in Boulder, Colorado. They were married before the Colorado Attorney General declared same-sex marriage licenses invalid. Adams applied to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for Sullivan to receive a permanent residency green card as the spouse of an American citizen. In response, the couple received an INS reply that stated, “You have failed to establish that a bona fide marital relationship can exist between two faggots.” Adams lodged a formal protest. The INS reissued their denial without the slur. Adams filed a suit in federal court, but the judge upheld the INS. Adams filed a second federal suit claiming that after an eight-year relationship, deportation of Sullivan constituted extreme hardship. The federal district court and U.S. Court of Appeals ruled against Adams. Subsequently, Sullivan requested permanent residency for Adams in Australia. The Australian government denied the request. In 1985 the couple moved to Britain. Adams left behind his family and friends and a job he had for over 18 years. After one year in Britain, the couple Richard Adams filed returned to the U.S. -
Coming out Gay, Coming out Christian
Coming Out Gay, Coming Out Christian: The Beginnings of GLBT Christianity in San Diego, 1970-1979 Joshua Grace, Christopher Rhamey Megan Dukett, Kaylin Gill, Ricky Bell Winner of the James S. Copley Library Award Can a person be a practicing homosexual and a Christian at the same time? Before the late 1960s, the integration of these seemingly contradictory terms was uncommon. By 1979, however, the concept of a homosexual Christian produced San Diego’s first coalition of gay religious groups, Ministries United for Gay Understanding. For gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (GLBT) individuals making a claim on the Christian identity, this represented a significant paradigm shift that allowed the gay community to produce its own concept of the relationship between homosexuality and Christianity: fully gay, fully Christian. This paper shows how certain members of San Diego’s GLBT community began to define themselves as both gay and Christian between 1970 and 1979. In the early years, GLBT Christianity developed in the Metropolitan Community Church (MCC), which appealed primarily to the homosexual community, and in Dignity, an organization of gay Catholics that did not have the sanction of the Roman Catholic Church. After 1975, Integrity, an organization of gay Episcopalians, and a group called Lutherans Concerned worked to be accepted as integral parts of their mainstream churches. By 1979, these four groups, through the Ministries United for Gay Understanding, asked San Diegans to accept that they could be both gay and Christian. This paper emphasizes four themes. First, the institutional movement was founded on the premise that practicing homosexuals could be fully Christian.