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Index

Abraham, Nicolas, 33 in open metaphor, 98 Adler, Friedrich, I to the Promised Land, 8 Adorno, Theodor W., 298n in The Sentimental Education, 190 on cultural debasement, 257-59 in "'You,' I Said ...," 18 against existentialism, 14n See also Allegory on hermeneutic force, 24-26 Alter, Robert, 183 on "," 24-25, 28 Althusser, Louis, 141 and literalness, I Amadis of Gaul, 2 I I materialism of, 296 Anders, Gunther, 49-50, 55, 78 on names, 56-57 Anderson, Mark, 87n, 92, 229n, 243n, on silent film, 258-59, 271 244n Allegory, 149, 2oon, 224n, 275, 295, Anthropology, 123, 165-67, 170, 202 301n Antithesis, 139, 145, 148-49, 16o in aphorisms, 126 Aporia, 3, 102, 142 Benjamin's view of, 296-97 Aristotle, 91 of desire, 301n Auerbach, Erich, 144n, 185-86 in ", " 243 Autobiography, 107 in "The Judgment," 26, 28; 201 in , 83-89 Babel, 52, 277 in Nietzsche, 148 Bachelor, 14, 17-23, 35-39, 73, 230 in Romanticism, 78-79 Baioni, Giuliano, 65 violence of, 103 Baker, Josephine, 252-54, 258 vs. symbol, 83-89, 160, 277 Ball, Hugo, 252 Allusion, 37-38, 54, I 14n, 129, 149, Balzac, Honore de, 152-53, 226n 295 Barthes, Roland, 191, 204n, 295 in , 172 Basho (Matsuo Munefusa), 203 in Goll's aesthetics, 273 Bataille, Georges, So Messianic function of, 276-77 Batts, Michael, 141n in Th e Metamorphosis, 72n, 78 Baudelaire, Charles, 266, 296

3 1 3 Index

Bauer, Felice, 239 Cabinet of Doctor Caligari, The, 257n as a Berlin woman, 268 Canetti, Elias, 3, 4, 7, 47n, 156, 247n, correspondence with, 37, 39 26on engagement to, 6, 109n, 229, 232n, Carson, Anne, 213n, 274n 240 Castanon. Wilfredo Dalmau, 65 first meeting with, 36 Cervantes, Miguel de. See as object of resentment, 3n, 231, 234 Chance, 154, 158-61 seductiveness of, 107 Chaplin, Charlie, 253-54 warned, 13n Chiasm, 90-- 104, u5-29, 133-35, 140, Baumann, Gerhart, 282n, 294n 151-6o, 163, 281, 285-86 Becher, Johannes, 261 Christ, 77-78, 179 Becker, Reinhard Paul, 252-54, 258- Clifford, James, 167n 59 Cogny, Pierre, 191 BeiBner, Friedrich, 81, 174 Collingwood, R. G., 85 Benjamin, Walter, 298n Collins, Harold, 218-19n and Adorno, 271 Consternation, 165-202 on allegory, 8 5, 296-97 Culler, Jonathan, 218n on epic vs. novel, 146 Curtius, Ernst Robert, 144n on experience, 266 on inexhaustible interpretation, 294 Dadaism, 252-54 against legalism, 163n Davis, Natalie Z., 168 for mechanical reproducibility, 257 Death, 163n, 268, 311-12 against mystery, 81 as adversary, 155 on newspapers, 267 in allegory, 297 against philosophy, 3 of art, 258 on truth, 4 of the "author," 147 Benn, Gottfried, 163, 265, 281 Blanchot's conception of, 8-9 Berlin, 268 in "," 125, 285-88 Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, 268 and ecstasy, 247 Bernheimer, Charles, 8, 25n, 26n, in Expressionism, 25on 192n, 195, 206n in "In the Penal Colony," 72n, 236- Biemel, Walter, 13on 37, 244n Bildung (self-cultivation), 8, 84, 87, 303 in "The Judgment," 24-46, 95-98, Binder, Hartmut, 106n, 232n 176, 197-98, 263, 266 Binion, Rudolf, 82 of Kafka, 131-35, 259, 299 Blake, William, 141 and literalization, 200-201 Blanchot, Maurice, 8, 54, 7on, 80, 108 in master/slave parable, 120 Blei, Franz, 1, 2n, I 5 in The Metamorphosis, 75-79, 82, 84- Bloch, Grete, 6n, 232n 88 Brech, Ursula, 299 and metaphor, 189, 197-201, 275, Brecht, Bertolt, 81 285-88, 311-12 Brod, Max: and naming, 56 as editor, 2, 19, 131, 150, 300 of Rilke, 252-54 as interpreter, 15, 25n, 113, 299 and sexuality, 25n as literary executor, 1, 15 and suffocation (through self), 110, 247 Brombert, Victor, 209n, 217n in , 222, 236-37 Bronnen, Arnolt, 254 as the writer's estrangement, 8-9, 70, Brooks, Peter, 210, 226n 84-88, 122n, 241, 244n, 295 3 1 4 Index

Death (cont.) derogation of, 15, 3-9, l42-43n, 160, in "'You,' I Said ...,' ' 18, 21-23 220-25, 228-29, 234, 241-48 See also Metaphor of endless reversal, l 5 3 Deconstruction, 142, l57n in "In the Penal Colony, " 72n, 236n, Dehmel, Richard, 255n 241-48, 275 Deleuze, Gilles, 90, 163, 258n, 295 in "The Judgment," 3 5 De Man, Paul, 26-27n, 78n, 139, 144- of historical past, 168 47, 151, l63n, 292n, 293n in Kundera, 203n Demmer, Jurgen, 35 loss of, 256, 266-67, 280, 294-95, Der Demokrat, 260 306 Derrida, Jacques, 52, l57n, 166, 295 of meaning, 172, 175 Descombes, Vincent, 245 in The Metamorphosis, 83-88 Dietz, Ludwig, 6on of newspapers, 266-67 Dilthey, Wilhelm, l13n, 256n of nonbeing, 18-22, 250, 260 Diiblin, Alfred, 258 readings based on, 31, 65, 83-88 Doctor Mabuse, 257n in schizophrenia, 174 Don Quixote in The Sentimental Education, 189-92, credulity, magic, and patience in, 175 195, 207, 218 narrative intrusion in, 176-86 of time, 302n self-reflexivity in, l 76-86, 200, 2I m in The Trial, 220-25, 237-39, 241-48 Double helix, 86n, 105-36, l63n, l99n of truth, l 3 5 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 255 in '"You,' I Said ...,' ' l 8-22 Dymant, Dora, 286 Expressionism, I, 50, 53n, 56n, 79, 250-88

Ehrenstein, Alfred, 252n Faulkner, William, 227 Einsinnigkeit (monopolized narration), Fineman, Joel, 3om 224n, 271, 302n Flaubert, Gustave, 61, 88, 171, 202, Einstein, Carl, 53n, 272 204, 225, 227 Ellis, John, 34 Madame Bovary, 190, 215-16 Empson, William, 60 The Sentimental Education, 13on, 141, Emrich, Wilhelm, 103, 140, 300 175-76, 185-97, 199, 205-19, 226 Erlebte Rede (lived speech), 22r. See also Flores, Kate, 35 Style indirect libre; Veiled discourse Foucault, Michel, 79, 141, 147, 163, Etymology, 36, 57n, 87, 165, 173-74, 251, 292n 177-81, 195, 200-201 Frank, Manfred, 136n, 293n Eulenberg, Herbert, 247n Freud, Sigmund, 33-34, 104, 242, 275 Existentialism, l4n, 16, So, 294 The Eg o and the Id, 32 Experience: Hilflosigkeit, 174 affirmation of, 36, 50, 69, 102, l 14- The Interpretation of Dreams, 274n 17, 121-30, 134-35, 162, 236n, See also Oedipus complex; 258, 281, 294 Psychoanalysis in , 302-7, 310 Friedrich, Hugo, 217n in chiastic aphorisms, l 14-17, 121- Furness, Raymond, 27on 30, 134-35 of composition, 106n Gaier, Ulrich, Son consumed in language, 3-9, 79-80, Garbo, Greta, 252-54 105, 147 Gay, Peter, 255n 3 1 5 Index

Gegenwart, Die, 2n Heine, Heinrich, 255 Gelassenheit, 1 19 Heller, Erich, 73, 75, 246n George, Stefan, 269, 288 Heller, Peter, 81 Gerome, Jean Leon, 212 Henel, Ingeborg, 82 Gervinus, Georg Gottfried, 14.1 Hermeneutic, 291, 304 Gide, Andre, 227 of chiasm, 157 Gleize, Joelle, 204n and coherence, 43-46 Glinz, Hans, 3oon and consternation, 166, 176 Gnosticism, 25on dramatized, 24, 28, 72 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: of dream navel, 274 "An den Mond," 279 force of, 24-25, 29, 171, 306 Faust, 43, 162, 301 and extrinsic intention, 34 on perception, 236n and extrinsic reference, 31-35 reversed by Kafka, 140, 236n and impassiveness, 46 Weimar house of, 37 and intrinsic intention, 34-35 on zudecken, 2oon of "The Judgment," 24-46 Golem, The, 257n of literary movements, 250 Goll, Ivan, 258, 273 and meaning withheld, 26 Greenberg, Martin, 3, 35, 63, 83 in The Metamorphosis, 72, 81-82 Gross, Ruth V., 204n and recursive substitution, l 2 5 Grosz, George, 254n and representation, 33-35, l42n Guattari, Felix, 90 and schizophrenia, 166 temporal predicament of, 293n Habermas, Jiirgen, 267n of zudecken, 2oon Hacking, Ian, 251 See also Interpretation Halakah, 163 Hermeneutic circle, 13, 227, 292, 293n Hamacher, Werner, 142-43n Heym, Georg, 270 Haselberg, Peter von, 277 History, 1 IO Hasenclever, Walter, 254 jeopardized by writing, 71 Hasidism, 66, 249n of literature, 139-64, 165n Hasselblatt, Dieter, 49, 67-68 modern, terror in, 2 Hayman, Ronald, I06n personal, l 6 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, l 19- of reading, 29, 78, 102, 119n, 123- 21, 1 62, 199n 30, 136 Heidegger, Martin: in writing, 85-86, 93 on assumptions, 294fi, 302 Hitler, Adolf, 156n Being and Time, 20, 52, 122, 233, Hoddis, Jakob van (Hans Davidsohn), 237-38, 294n, 302 248, 255n, 259-62 on Gestell, 201 Hofstader, Douglas, I2In on guilt, 20 Holderlin, Friedrich, 5n, 78, 166, 174- Holzwege, l 4 7n 75, 21In, 228, 283 on intelligibility, 122n Homonym, 93-94 "Letter on Humanism, " 166 Huelsenbeck, Richard, 252-53, 261 on mood, 237-38 Hyperion, l 5 "On the Essence of Truth, " 123 on poetry and being, 147n, 238 Immanence, 87, 292, 300, 309 on signification, 52 Interpretation, 7, 172, 29 1-98, 300 against subjectivity, 123, 166 allegorical, 8 5-89, 296-97 on theory, 233 and Amerika, 301-II 316 Index

Interpretation (cont.) "Burrow, The, " 125, 234, 282-88, anthropological, 167 311 and chance, 158-59 "Cares of a Family Man, The, " 18, of chiasm, 101-2, 1 17-19, 127-28 104, 297 coherence of, 28-35, 65-80, 296 Castle, The, 1, 2, 87, 94, 112n, 153- compulsion to, 24-26 54, 159, 162, 303-5 and consternation, 166-67 "Country Doctor, A," 94, 103, 141, and dream, 274n 230, 275, 299n of estrangement from family, 7 "Cross Breed, A," 18, 104 and dissimulation, 28 "Description of a Struggle," 51-52, existentialist theme of, 14n, 294 61-62, 92 and freedom, 25, 34 Diaries I, 5-6; 13-23, 29, 39, 41, 47- and "The Judgment," 24-3 5, 47-48, 48, 53-54, 61-63, 66, 69-74, 78, 197-202 82, 91 , 105-14, 127-28, 132-33, and literary history, 142-45, 250-51, 163, 197, 2o6n, 241, 246n, 247, 293 282n and The Metamorphosis, 47-48, 173-74 Diaries II, 4-8, 37, 48-49, 54, 61, and metaphor, 97, 198-201, 272-74 70-75, Sr, 86, 99, 106n-115, 123, recursive, 121, 127-28 128-134, 1 57, 164, 201, 229-34, rhetoric as an obstruction to, 59, 82, 241, 245-49, 277, 286, 299 173-74 "Eight Octavo Notebooks," [DF 50- symbolic, 83-85, 88-90, 296 135], 3, 5, II, 15n, 21, 97, 102, and tact, 27 110- 12, II4- r6, u9n, 120, 128, and transgression, 46 130, 134-36, 141, 149-50, 154, and The Trial, 222-28, 230-33 162, 226, 247, 286, 287, 311. See by will to power, 95, 148, 158, 162, also "He"; "Reflections, on Sin, 176, 198-202, 272, 303-9 Pain, Hope, and the True Way" as writing, 43, 46 "," 126n See also Hermeneutic "," 268 "Great Wall of China, The, " 20on James, Henry, 22 "He" [GW 263-77], 4, 6, 46, 54, 71, Jameson, Fredric, 14on, 141, 296n, 297 110, 113, 1I6- 17, 128, 133, 150 Janouch, Gustav, 4, 65n, 66, 113, 254, "Homecoming, " 275 257, 272, 274n "Hunger Artist, A ," 7, 75, 95, Jauss, Hans Robert, 139, 141 2oon jazz Singer, The, 258 "Hunter Gracchus, The," l 7n, 134 Jean Paul (Richter, Jean Paul Friedrich), "In the Penal Colony," 50, 72n, 228- 267 49, 269, 275 Jesenska, Milena, 6n "," u2-13, Johnson, Anthony L., 172 276 Judaism, 103n, 109n, 113, 176, 274n, "Josephine the Singer," 3, 112, 257- 276. See also Halakah; Hasidism; 58 Kabbalah; Zionism "Judgment, The, " 24-46, 47-48, 70- 73, 75, 83, 86, 88, 95-97, 107, 130, Kabbalah, 112, 115, 155, 173n. See also 131, 175-76, 196-202, 229n, 26on, Judaism 262-63, 266, 281, 311 Kafka, Franz, works by: , 3n, 13n, r5n, 25, 31, Amerika (Der Verschollene), 1, 2, 48, 48, 61, 72, 73, 109, 206n, 232n, 66, 73. 87, 233, 23?n. 269, 300-3 12 239-42 317 Index

Kafka, Franz, works by (cont.) Lacan, Jacques, 67, 166-67, 1 7 1, 175, "," 43, 65n, 73- 188, 273n 74, 88-89, 106-7 Lang, Fritz, 257n Meditation, r 5 Lanson, Gustave, 144n Metamorphosis, The, 7, 18, 47-89, 97- Laplanche, Jean, 166, 174, 21 rn 98, I04, 173-74, 197, 262, 263-66, Law, II3, 272, 302 268, 278, 293-96, 302n as body, 4 "," 54, 201 of code of knowledge, 292 "Problem of Our Laws, The," 2om court of, 43, 45, 96, 107, 149, l 84, "," 120-21, 163, 283 220-25 "Reflections on Sin, Pain, Hope, and of empirical world, 103, 130, 271 the True Way," [DF 1-49], 18, 37, of exclusion, 42 56, 75, 79, 98, !02, I IO, II6, 124n, as a formal necessity, 4, 46, II3 127, 129, 131, 1 5 1, 155, 160-61, in "In the Penal Colony," 229, 232, 247, 249, 273. See also "Eight Oc­ 234-37, 243-48, 275 tavo Notebooks" in "The Judgment," 24-46, 263 "Silence of the Sirens, The," 3 l 2 of language, as contract, 37, 54, 91 Stoker, The, ro7 letter of, 87n Trial, The, r, 2, 5, 89n, 9m, 94-95, parable of, 5, 89 ro3, 220-49, 269, 274n, 278, 287, of the superego, 32 294, 303 as text, 4, r ro "," 306 in The Trial, 5, 89, 200-49 "Village Schoolteacher, The," 23 3 of writing, 39, II5 "Wedding Preparations in the Coun- Lessing, Gotthold, I I 3n try," 15, 45, 68-70, 72, 88, I.41 Levinas, Emmanuel, 3 "'You,' I Said ... ,'' [DI 22-28], Literalness, 14, 26, 75, 239, 247, 254, 258 1 3 -23, 38, 78, 91, I05, 246n, and allegory, 85-89 283 in Amerika, 3 IO Kafka, Hermann, I06 in , 94 Kaiser, Georg, 268 in "A Country Doctor," 94, 275 Kaiser, Hellmuth, 65, 84 and death, 176, 197-202 Kant, Immanuel, 5, 9, 26n, 7 7n, 130- in "Description of a Struggle," 92 3 I, 165n, 166, 267 in Diaries, 13 Kemper, Hans-Georg, 261-62 in Don Quixote, 179 Kerr, Alfred, 57n in fiction, l 70 Kierkegaard, S0ren, 72n, I09n in "Homecoming," 275 Kinostil (movie-style), 258 and homonyms, 93-94 Kittler, Friedrich, 173n, 258n, 3om in "," 95 Kittler, Wolf, 258n in "In the Penal Colony,'' 236-37, Klabund (Alfred Henschke), 252 243n, 275 Klein, Melanie, 33 in "Investigations of a Dog," 276 Kobs, Jorgen, 299-312 in "The Judgment," 71, 176, 197-202 Koelb, Clayton, 89n, 222n, 226n, 244n in The Metamorphosis, 49-51, 55-57, Kosik, Karel, I03 85-87, 97-98, 173-74, 265, 278, Kreis, Rudolf, r 1 Sn 293-96 Kruse, Jens, 23on, 243n in metaphor, 49-51, 55-57, 68, 71, Kundera, Milan, 203n 90-92, 97-98, 104, II8n, 174, Kurz, Gerhard, 2n, 14n, 91, l31n, 263n, 280 136n, 174, 200, 228n as product of Prague German, 63 318 Index

Literalness (cont.) of synchronization, 252-53, 258 and schizophrenia, 174-75 of truth-seeking, 136, 162n, 172, 199, in The Sentimental Education, 187-89, 228 215 as writing, 8, 123 and symptom, 274n of writing, 243 in The Trial, 94, 95, 223-25, 238, 278 See also Allegory; Law; Literalness; LOwy, Isaac, 276 Metamorphosis; Symbol; Kafka, Lukacs, Georg, 26, 184n, 23on, 243n, Franz, works by 257 Metonymy, 9m, 94n, 96, 970, 187, Li.Jke, David, 82 212, 264 Metropolis, 257n Mallarme, Stephane, 95 Meyer, Alfred Richard, 270 Mann, Heinrich, 1, 2, 15, 255n Meyrink, Gustav, I, 2, 15 Mann, Thomas, 169 Mierendorff, Carlo, 257 Marache, Maurice, 274 Molina, Tirso de, 178n Marinetti, Filippo, 149 Monopolized narration. See Einsinnigkeit Marson, Eric, 3 5 Morike, Edouard, 26 Mauthner, Fritz, 93 Moritz, Karl Phillip, 274, 278 Mayer, Sigrid, 275n Moses, 186 Mendelson, E. Michel, 169 Movies, 168, 254-65 Mendelssohn, Peter de, 268 Music, 61, 71, 74, 77, 88, 105, 128, 150 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 76 Musil, Robert, 281 Metamorphosis, 277 in chiasm, 101 Narration: of metaphor, 47-90, 95-98, 121, 272, anthropological, 169 280, 284-85, 295-97 apathetic, 265 and writing, 6, 17, 47-90 congruent, 82, 271, 286-87 See also Literalness, in metaphor; as coordination of fictions, 16o Metaphor disrupted by rhetoric, I 5 I, 202 Melaphor, n1-12, 134, 173, 263n epic, 146, 190, 193n of the Absolute, 129-30, 150, 198 as execution of sentence, 244 of agency, 147 in Expressionism, 265 unlike allegory in movies, 168 autotelic, 98, 270 in newspapers, 267 and chiasm, 100-101, n8-21, 126- nonserial, I 3 29, 151, 280, 285-86, 296-97 in The Sentimental Education, 190-96 and communication, 171 strategies of, 206n as consciousness of doubling, 174- of a structure, 19, 140, 148, 275 75, 197 and suffering, r 3 5n critique of, 18, 49-89, 139, 149-51, as veiled discourse, 217n 272-75, 277-88 See also Einsinnigkeit; Past historic in Expressionism, 25on, 272-75 tense of family, 4, 32, 43, 46, I 14, 197-202 Narrator: metamorphosis of, 282 of Amerika, 301-2, 306, 308-12 as narrative structure, 18, 197-202, of "The Burrow," 284-86 251, 281-87 of "Description of a Struggle," 5 1- of pursuit by introspection, 8, 99- 52, 92 102, III-12, II4-15, 154-55 of Don Quixote, 176, 183-84 in The Sentimental Education, 187-90 as dreamer, 161

3 1 9 Index

Narrator (cont.) On the Genealogy of Morals, 93, 141, eschews truth-telling, 89n 156 of "In the Penal Colony," 235 on pathos of distance, 157 of "The Judgment," 25-26, 40, 42- on reversal, critique of, 139-40, 157 43, 45-46 contra Schiller, 255n of master/animal aphorism, 156-57 and self-possession, 159-61 of The Metamorphosis, 74, 82, 86, Thus Spake Zarathustra, 131, 158, 172 293-94 Will to Power, The, 148, 256 of Minerva Sacra, 180 Noah, 52 of The Sentimental Education, 189n, Nosferatu, 257n 205, 208, 210 Novalis (Hardenberg, Friedrich von), 7 of "Synchronization," 254 of The Trial, 221, 223-26, 233, 237 Oedipus complex, 176, 262. See also of The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Freud; Psychoanalysis 203n Ovid, 59 of "Wedding Preparations in the Country," 68-70 Pascal, Blaise, 3 of '"You,' I Said ... ," 15, 38, 105, Pasley, Malcolm, 112n, 232n, 234, 275, 246n 3oon Neumann, Gerhard, 7n, 8, 14n, I 19n, Past historic tense, 192-94, 196, 206n, 121-22n, 26on, 263 207 Newspaper, 58-59, 26o, 265-68 Performative utterance,45-46 New Testament, 77 Pinciano, Alfonso Lopez, 180 Nietzsche, Friedrich: Plato, 245 allegorical narrative in, 148 Politzer, Heinz, 23, 34, 35, 300, 305n antithesis, critique of, 139, 148, 160 Pongs, Hermann, 62, 82, 173n "astronomy," in, 163 Prager Tagblatt, 269 on beauty, 131 Prague German, 62-64 Beyond Good and Evil, 145-46, 157, Prejudgment, 94n 16o Prereading, 203-27 biologism in, 8 Proust, Marcel, 88, 186, 266 The Birth of Tragedy, 145, 151 Psychoanalysis, 31, 34, 66, 83-84, 144, The Case of Wagner, 255 23 1, 301, 302. See also Freud; chance affirmed in, 158-59, 163 Oedipus complex chiasms in, 157-58 Puymanova, Marie, 2 5 m on communication, 171-72, 304 on consciousness, 4, 7, I 12 Raabe, Paul, 250-5m Ecce Homo, 159, 172 Rand, Richard, 93 on evidence, 127, 148 Recursiveness, 121-31, 133-35, 136n, on experience, 256 152, 154, 159 on fiction, 146-47, 16o Rehder, Robert, 147n Gay Science, The, 112n, 1 58, 161, 171 Reihungsstil (serial style), 260-61 historical sense in, 161 Reine Ausdruck, Der (the pure expres- on interpretation as will to power, 148 sion), 306-11 on language, 93, 171-72 Renaissance, 213-15 and literary history, 13<)-64 Richards, I. A., 55 master/slave in, 155-57 Richter, Helmut, 65, 84 on metaphor, 172-73 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 227, 253-54 Morgenriite, 4, 7 Robert, Marthe, 94n, 103n, 113, 275- narrative in, 151 76 3 20 Index

Robertson, Richie, 232n, 249n in The Metamorphosis, 58, 76-78, 83- Rolleston, James, 254, 281, 287n 89, 265 Romanticism, 7, 78, 79, 189, 195-96, newspaper as, 58, 265-66 255, 283 in The Sentimental Education, 215 Rombach, Heinrich, 83 sign consumed in, 76 Rosenkranz, Karl, 141 in The Trial, 235 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 78 See also Allegory Ryle, Gilbert, 201 Tanner, Tony, 169 Tarn, Nathaniel, 168 Said, Edward, 49 Timms, Edward, 275 Sandbank, Simon, 82 Todorov, Tzvetan, 8, 64, 7on, 87n Sartre, Jean-Paul, 293 Toledano, Miguel, 180 Schafer, Wilhelm, l Trakl, Georg, 270, 274 Schillemeit, Jost, 300 Tschissik, Chaje, 61 Schiller, Friedrich, 76, 255n Tzara, Tristan, 252 Schizophrenia, 84, 166, 174 Schlegel, Friedrich, 78, 141 Unamuno, Miguel, 3 Schlingmann, Carsten, 265 Unger, Rudolf, l44n Schmidt, Arno, 279 Urzidil, Johannes, 51 Schneiderman, Stuart, 166 Schriftstellersein (being a writer), 17, 19, Valery, Paul, l34n, 168, 203, 204n 38, 75, 85-86, 105, l son, 229, 282, Valliere, Mlle de la, 216 295-96 Veiled discourse, 217n, 22r. See also Schubiger, Jiirg, 67, 82 Erlebte Rede; Style indirect libre Shakespeare, William, 24n, l69n Verneinung (denial), 206, 23 l Simultanistische Gedicht, Das (the simul- Vietta, Silvio, 261-62 tanistic poem), 261 Vigee, Claude, 16-7n, 129 Sojcher, Jacques, 280 Sokel, Walter, 29, 31-32, 50-51, 55- Wagenbach, Klaus, 62-63, 232n 56, 65, 78, 84, 90, 92, 97, 98, Waite, Geoffrey, 184 ll4n, 221n, 224n, 243n, 250-51n, Walden, Herwarth, 273 284n, 300 Walser, Martin, 64, 81 Sorge, Reinhard, 269 Wardropper, Bruce, 178-79n, l8In Sparks, Kimberly, 58 Warren, Austin, l4on, 144n, 145 Spitzer, Leo, 178n, 185 Webster, Peter Dow, 84 Stahlin, W., 174 Wedekind, Frank, l, 1 5 Steiner, George, 25 Weimar, 36, 256 Sterne, Laurence, 141 Weinberg, Kurt, 57n, 82 Sternheim, Carl, 255n, 273 Weininger, Otto, 12on StrauB, Emil, l Weiskel, Thomas, 165 Style indirect libre (indirect free style), Weisstein, Ulrich, 273 l89n, 192, 195-96, 206n, 210, Wellek, Rene, 14on, l44n, 145 217n. See also Veiled discourse Wieland, Christo[, 267 Sussman, Henry, 92n, 282n Wilde, Oscar, 220 Symbol: Wohryzek, Julie, 6n critique of, 54, 76-78, 83-89, 274n, Wolff, Kurt, 82 296-97, 3oon Wordsworth, William, 78, 271 in Expressionism, 50, 270 as fact, 50 Zionism, 108, II2, 155 3 21