DOCSLIB.ORG

Indija – Lietuva

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indija – Lietuva Lietuva – Indija – Lietuva Liudviko GIEDRAIČIO interviu su Vilniaus universiteto Orientalistikos centro direktoriumi, indologijos ir budizmo studijų profesoriumi Audriumi BEINORIUMI Esat gal skvarbiausias Indijos žinovas Lietuvoje. Šiuo priešinga. Indiją laikau savo antraisiais namais, išties interviu rūpėtų paieškoti, ką tos milžiniškos šalies dvasi- daug laiko ten praleidžiu, bet kaskart vis labiau jau- nių įžvalgų, išminties klodai, tūkstantmečių istorijos pa- čiuosi lietuvis… Yra tokia labai prasminga (nuolat ją tirtis galėtų pasiūlyti pasimokyti ir Lietuvai, jos ateičiai, turiu omeny) dialogo filosofijos pradininko M.Buberio gyvastingumui. užrašyta Lenkijos chasidų sakmė apie rabiną Aizeką, Manyčiau, galimas toks pragmatiškas pasirinkimas. skurdžiai gyvenusį Krokuvos gete. Buvo labai dievo- Po Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo mūsų žmonių traukos baimingas. Sapne jam Dievas pasako, kad Prahoje po į tą šalį tikslai yra įvairiopi. Nemaža dalis lietuvių į Indi- Karališkuoju tiltu pakastas lobis, važiuok ir išsikask. ją važiuoja ieškodami naujumo, neatrastumo virpulio Aizekas tik numoja ranka, bet po kelių dienų ir vėl jam (Vakarų Europos kultūroje jaučiamės savi, pažįstantys). tas sapnas. Trečią kartą tą patį susapnavęs, nuspren- Kita nemenka dalis – turintys dvasinio ieškojimo pas- dė, kad reikia keliauti. Patraukia pėsčias iš Krokuvos katų, žmonės, važiuojantys į konkrečias religines ben- į Prahą. Suranda tą tiltą, koloną, po kuria turėtų būti druomenes – ašramas, hindų, jogų centrus. Jiems rūpi pakastas lobis, bet tiltą saugo čekų gvardiečiai. Aize- konkrečios religinės praktikos. Tokių, mano žiniomis, kas ateina čia kasdien, bandydamas išsitirt, kaip prisi- dauguma. Yra keliaujančiųjų ekonominiais, studijų ar taikius kast. Aizeką pamato sargybos kapitonas, ima jį darbo tikslais (tarp tokių aš). Tai įvairių mokslo sričių ir klausinėt, ko čia ateinąs, ką norįs veikti. Aizekas mato, orientalistikos studentai, dėstytojai, specialistai… kad tas gvardietis draugiškas, geranoriškas, jam atvi- Ar galima būtų sakyti, kad tos žmonių slinktys jau turi rai ir sako: Dievas sapne man liepė keliaut prie šio til- bent kiek apčiuopiamą įtaką Lietuvos kultūrai, kaitai? to, nes čia yra pakastas lobis. Kapitonas nusijuokė: ar Kaip minėjau, bene daugumos keliaujančiųjų į In- galima tikėti sapnais! Jeigu aš tikėčiau jais, tai turėčiau diją tikslai susiję su pasaulėvaizdžio, patirčių paieš- daryti visiškai priešingai. Kelis kartus sapnavau, kaip komis. Tai – nusivylusieji vakarietiškuoju skepticizmu, Dievas man liepia keliaut kažkur į Lenkiją, Krokuvos pesimizmu, nihilizmu, materializmu, vartotojiškumu, miestą, kur niekad nebuvęs, susirast kažkokį rabiną Ai- nerandantys atsparos krikščioniškoje praktikoje, pa- zeką, jo name po krosnimi yra lobis! Negi aš būsiu toks saulėžiūroje. Jie Indijoje jogos centruose medituoja, kvailas ir keliausiu į tą Krokuvą, ieškosiu kažkokio Ai- perima įvairias praktikos formas, grįžę kuria indiškus zeko, kaip jį surasčiau… Aizekas, viską supratęs, padė- religinius centrus, dalyvauja jų veikloje. Kaip tokie koja ir – namo. Išsiima lobį, už kurį pastato sinagogą… žmonės keičia aplinkinių santykį su Lietuva – nesiryž- Idėja tokia: norint atrasti lobį, kuris yra mūsų namuo- čiau apibendrinti, nes žmonės labai skirtingi. Vieni, są- se, metaforiškai suvokiant – židinyje, krosnyje, sakra- moningai ar ne, siekia persiimti nauja religine pasaulė- liausioje vietoje, kartais reikia atlikti tolimą, sunkią pi- žiūra, nors puikiai žinoma, kad hindu gali tik gimti, o ne ligriminę kelionę į kitą šalį, kitą kultūrą, kad suvoktum, tapti. Nuvažiavus į Indiją, ten kiek pagyvenus, manau, jog lobis slypi tavo namuose, tavo kultūroje. Indijos neįmanoma įsigyventi į religinius simbolinius kodus, tradicija, kultūrinis kitoniškumas, papročiai, gyven- prasmes, adekvačiai priimti bendravimo elementus. sena, socialinė sąranga tampa savotišku veidrodžiu, Jautiesi vis tiek kitos kultūros žmogumi. Ne kartą esu kuris padeda mums geriau pažinti, atspindėti save. girdėjęs nuogąstavimų, kad važinėdamas po Indiją, Jos tautų, kalbų, kultūrų, papročių, religijų, kasdienio studijuodamas, dėstydamas ten, prarasiu savo kultū- gyvenimo ypatumų pynė, įvairovė neišvengiamai tarsi rinę, tautinę tapatybę, tačiau mano asmeninė patirtis užaštrina klausimą – o kas aš esu, kas yra mano, kas 1 mes, mūsų kultūrinė, religinė pasaulėžiūrinė tapatybė, šeimos, kokia pagarba vyresniesiems, koks gilus ryšys kiek pajėgiam remtis savu kultūriniu paveldu, tradicija su kultūrine tradicija, akivaizdu, kad yra iš ko moky- (krikščionybės su baltiškuoju klodu nesupriešinu), ko- tis. Indija – ypatingo kultūrinio kitoniškumo regionas. kios grėsmės mūsų tapatybei, kas tyko šiuolaikinėje Nuvažiavę ten, daug kas patiria net kultūrinį šoką. Tai eurointegracijoje, kapitalistinėje vartotojiškoje visuo- juo labiau verčia klausti: „O kas gi aš esu?“ Pasak C. G. menėje… Jungo, Indija pirmiausia moko gręžtis į save patį, savo Bet Lietuvoje beveik visi „žino“: su Indija nuo seno- esmę, savo tikrojo „aš“ paieškas. Jungas teigia, jog vės esam labai „artimi“, net žodžių tapačių daug turim: Indija reprezentuoja kitokį žmogaus civilizavimo būdą „avis, šuva, svapnas, dhumas“… – be užspaudimo, be prievartos, be perdėto raciona- Lietuvoje dar tvyro romantiškas santykis su Indija. lizmo. „Didžiausio dvasingumo pavidale jūs įžvelgiate Mes manom, kad indai šneka beveik lietuviškai. Sans- gyvo autentiškumo pėdsakus, o neišsilavinusio, pusiau kritas mus tarytum vienija. Ieškoma bendrų indoeuro- nuogo kaimiečio melancholiškose akyse jus regite slė- pietiškų sąsajų. Taip – nuo XIX a. vidurio, nuo J. Basana- piningų tiesų pažinimą.“ Gyvenimas Indijoje dar nesusi- vičiaus, Vydūno, V. Krėvės… Senojo tikėjimo išpažinėjai traukė į galvos kapsulę, kurioje lokalizuojamas šiuolaiki- siekia susipažinti su indų archajine religine praktika, nių Vakariečių sąmoningumas. „Jie vis dar gyvena visu mitologija, pasaulėžiūra, dievų vardais. Juk Indija du kūnu, nekeista, kad vakarietis čia jaučiasi it sapne, nes tūkstančius metų atsilaikė prieš gana agresyvią krikš- visavertis gyvenimas Indijoje yra kažkas, apie ką galima čionizaciją, išsaugojo tapatybę, tradicijos gyvastingu- tik sapnuoti“. Tai iš esmės ir yra Indijos bene didžiausias mą visais pavidalais, tarp kurių ir archajiškasis klodas, įnašas į viso pasaulio kultūros lobyną. Turimos omeny vedų religinis lygmuo, kurio reikšmę išties sunku neigti, per daugelį tūkstančių metų suformuotos sąmonės la- bandant rekonstruoti baltiškojo apeigyno elementus. vybos formos, jogos meditacinės pratybos. Visa tai da- Esu dalyvavęs vediškose Ugnies apeigose Agnihomoje. bar adaptuojama ir Vakarų kultūroje… Mes turim vie- Žyniai jas atlikinėjo penkias paras, nepaliaujamai gie- ną žodį – protas. Sanskrite yra 40 žodžių, kurie nusako dojo vedų himnus, atnašavo Ugniai… Sunku suvokti įvairius proto lygmenis. Ir tai nėra sinonimai. Vien kalba veiksmų prasmę, bet sielą apėmęs virpuliukas gal buvo liudija, koks milžiniškas šioje srityje įdirbis. Kai verčiau į susijęs ir su tuo, kad liečiami labai gilūs, archetipiniai są- lietuvių kalbą „Jogos sutrą“, net Didžiojo lietuvių kal- monės klodai, ataidintys, matyt, ir iš senosios baltų kul- bos žodyno pagalba buvo bejėgė: mūsų tautos lingvis- tūros, mumyse glūdinčio sunkiai verbalizuojamo, tačiau tinis lobynas neatskleidžia, kad būtume turėję milži- psichės gelmėje dar gyvo paveldo. Krikščionybės ant­ nišką įdirbį, susijusį su žmogaus sąmonės gelmių kon- sluoksnis dar nėra labai giliai užklojęs mūsų baltiškosios templiatyviu pažinimu. Bet dirbant su indų estetikos, pasaulėjautos klodus. Penkias apeigų dienas smelkte dramos tekstais, kuriuose kalbama apie įvairias emoci- smelkė pojūtis, kad buvau nublokštas ne tiek į Indijos nes būsenas, išties atsiskleidžia, pasimato lietuvių kal- praeitį, kiek į savąją, jungiškai pasakyčiau, kolektyvinę bos turtingumas. Baltų senosios religijos sekėjai teigia, pasąmonę, suvoktą ne tiek iš religinių veiksmų, apeigų, kad esam turėję stiprų žynių, mūsų senosios kultūros vaizdinių, bet iš etnogenetinės gilumos, iš išgyvenimų. išmanytojų luomą, saugojusį sakralų pažinimą, kurį kry- Taigi ko mus moko Indija? žiuočiai esą sunaikino. Tuo visada suabejoju, nes kalba Dar XIX a. viduryje religijotyros tėvas Maksas Mü­ visa tai būtų išsaugojusi savąja struktūra, niuansuotom lleris parašė knygą „Ko Indija mus gali išmokyti“. Po reikšmėm. Kai kalbama apie žmogaus sąmonę, sielą, pusšimčio metų archetipinės psichologijos tėvas Carlas reikšmių, sąvokų paletės lietuvių ir sanskrito kalbose Gustavas Jungas vėl tokiu pat pavadinimu parašė stu- skirtumas labai didelis. Antra vertus, tautosakoje, mito- diją… Šių ir daugelio kitų mokslininkų nuomone, Indija logijoje esame išsaugoję itin archajiškus kalbos klodus. gali išmokyti pirmiausia religinės tolerancijos, žmogaus Kai indams sakau, kad Lietuvos bažnyčiose kreipiamasi esmės suvokimo, sąmonės gelmės pažinimo, savaran- „O Viešpatie Dieve“, jie pasijunta net priblokšti: kodėl kiškumo, dvasinio stabilumo. Kad ir kurią žmogaus kažkur šiaurėj gyvenanti postsovietinė tautelė sanskri- pažinimo sritį paimtume, ar tai būtų kalba, religija, fi- tiškai kreipiasi į hindų Dievą ir save vadina krikščionimis! losofija, teisė, menas, ar tradiciniai mokslai, – verta ke- Mat sanskritu tai skamba „O višpati deva“. Kalba išties liauti į Indiją, kurioje ligi šiol saugomi ir gyva tradicijos didžiausias mūsų turtas. perdava puoselėjami vertingiausi žmonijos patirties ir Esat Vilniaus universiteto Orientalistikos centro va- pažinimo lobiai. Mülleris sakė, jog Indija moko pažvelg- dovas, skaitote paskaitas,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Terra Incognita in the Heart of Europe” Representation of Belarusian National Identity in Tourism Advertisements
    “Terra Incognita in the Heart of Europe” Representation of Belarusian National Identity in Tourism Advertisements Alina Lind Master’s Thesis Intercultural Encounters Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki April 2021 Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Koulutusohjelma – Utbildningsprogram – Degree Programme Faculty of Arts Intercultural Encounters Opintosuunta – Studieinriktning – Study Track Humanities Track Tekijä – Författare – Author Alina Lind Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title “Terra Incognita in the heart of Europe”. Representation of Belarusian national identity in tourism advertisements Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä– Sidoantal – Number of pages Master’s Thesis April 2021 62+23 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Due to historical and political reasons, a lot of Belarusians face a challenge regarding the understanding of their national identity. This thesis aims at analysing the ways tourism advertisements contribute to the nation’s representation to Belarusians. The study’s objectives concentrate on the formulation of the most recurring cultural representations of Belarusian nation portrayed in the advertisements and evaluation of their contribution to nation-building processes. In the following thesis, I am answering the research questions regarding the markers of cultural representation (e.g., signs, symbols) seen in tourism advertising contributing to Belarusian identity, their cultural connotations, and the differences in the representation of such symbols in governmental and private Belarusian tourist advertisements. Since the thesis is analysing Belarusian national identity features, I also provide a historical and political background of the republic since the thirteenth century. By doing so, the reader gets a comprehensive picture of the events that influenced the problem of national identity and the topicality of this issue nowadays.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Polyethnic Literature of the Belarusian-Polish- Ukrainian Border Region About Life and Creative Values*
    ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA LUBLIN – POLONIA VOL. XXXVIII SECTIO FF 1-2020 ISSN: 0239-426X • e-ISSN: 2449-853X • Licence: CC-BY 4.0 • DOI: 10.17951/ff.2020.38.1.147-169 Regional Polyethnic Literature of the Belarusian-Polish- Ukrainian Border Region about Life and Creative Values* Regionalna literatura polietniczna pogranicza białorusko- -polsko-ukraińskiego o życiu i wartościach twórczych MARIA ZHIGALOVA Brest State Technical University, Belarus ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-8369 e-mail:[email protected] Abstract. In this article, the author reveals the concept of “regional polyethnic literature,” shows the specifics of its genre diversity, peculiarities of themes and issues of the language and style, points out the role of inter-language and inter-culture in the reader’s understanding of the work. The reflection of theoretical and practical aspects of regional literature, which reflects the vital and creative values of the border region, and shows the possibilities of consolidating a multicultural society by means of literature, is presented in the example of the analysis of separate poems by Lyubov Krasevskaya, Dmitry Kovalev, Vladimir Kuchminsky, and of the stories by Zbigniew Włodzimierz Fronczek. Keywords: regional polyethnic literature, multicultural society, life and creative values, inter- -language, inter-culture * The volume is funded from the budget of the Institute of Polish Studies of Maria Curie-Skło- dowska University, from the funds of the Minister of Science and Higher Education for activities promoting science (contract no. 615/P-DUN/2019) and under the “Support for Academic Journals” programme (contract no. 333/WCN/2019/1 of 28 August 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • Part 2: the First Partition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1772 – Its Description and Depiction in Maps Andrew Kapochunas, Jersey City, New Jersey EN
    Historical research article / Lietuvos istorijos tematika The Maps and Mapmakers that Helped Define 20th-Century Lithuanian Boundaries - Part 2: The First Partition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1772 – Its Description and Depiction in Maps Andrew Kapochunas, Jersey City, New Jersey EN In the previous – and first – installment of this influence of Russia’s military on Empress Catherine II series, we established a geographical starting point for is primary: the dismemberment of the 11 provinces (vaivadijų) “…the military party was openly in favor of direct annexa- of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji tions. They believed that Russia’s interests could best be Kunigaikštystė) by the Empire of Russia. My inten- served by seizing the territory of her neighbors on every tion was to then focus on the Russian administrative possible occasion. Chernyshev, the Vice-President of the War boundary changes of the lands they acquired. But, as I College, expressed this view when, at the new [as of 1762] reviewed the literature and maps describing the First, Empress Catherine’s council called to discuss the [1763] death 1772, Partition, I was struck by the disparate descrip- of the King of Poland [Augustus III], he proposed an invasion tions and cartographic depictions of that seemingly of Polish Livonia and the palatinates of Polotsk, Witebsk, and straight-forward event. I decided to present a sum- Mscislaw.”2 mary of that event and its immediate aftermath in the annexed regions. The next two articles, then, will Nine years later, those were the areas annexed – and cover the Second (1793) and Third (1795) Partitions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ritualisation of Political Power in Early Rus' (10Th-12Th Centuries)
    The Ritualisation of Political Power in Early Rus’ (10th-12th centuries) Alexandra Vukovic University of Cambridge Jesus College June 2015 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Preface Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration where specifically indicated in the text. No parts of this dissertation have been submitted for any other qualification. Statement of Length This dissertation does not exceed the word limit of 80,000 words set by the Degree Committee of the Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages. Word count: 79, 991 words Alexandra Vukovic Abstract The Ritualisation of Political Power in Early Rus’ (10th-12th centuries) Alexandra Vukovic This dissertation examines the ceremonies and rituals involving the princes of early Rus’ and their entourage, how these ceremonies and rituals are represented in the literature and artefacts of early Rus’, the possible cultural influences on ceremony and ritual in this emergent society, and the role of ceremony and ritual as representative of political structures and in shaping the political culture of the principalities of early Rus’. The process begins by introducing key concepts and historiographic considerations for the study of ceremony and ritual and their application to the medieval world. The textological survey that follows focusses on the chronicles of Rus’, due to their compilatory nature, and discusses the philological, linguistic, and contextual factors governing the use of chronicles in this study. This examination of the ceremonies and rituals of early Rus’, the first comprehensive study of its kind for this region in the early period, engages with other studies of ceremony and ritual for the medieval period to inform our understanding of the political culture of early Rus’ and its influences.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Automatic Thai Nickname Recommendation Considering The
    FIT2019（第 18 回情報科学技術フォーラム） E-005 A Study on Automatic Thai Nickname Recommendation Considering the Similarities to Japanese Names Shiho Hoshi Nobesawa*1 Pannathorn Naksung*2 Sirichai Khomleart*2 Yusuke Sakai*1 Hideo Furugori*1 Kodai Inada*1 HuanYuan Zhao*3 Kazumasa Fujita*4 Aliaksei Khadanovich*4 1.Introduction 2.1.Similarity in the Meaning: simm Thai nicknames are more than just for convenience The basic idea on our meaning-based similarity is or terms of endearment among family members and to compare the meanings of kanji letters contained close friends; they can be bound up in the very na- in the Japanese full name and the meanings of Thai ture of Thai-ness and an important part of Thai cul- nicknames. ture. Thus we here propose our ideas on automatic Our system chunks the input Japanese full name Thai nickname recommendation methods. Our aim is into a bag of words. Since Thai nicknames mostly a communication support system, not an automatic contain only one meaning chunk, we didn't have to nickname proposal system, as there may not be any do the same segmentation for Thai nicknames. We significance in proposing a nickname which won't be even tried bag-of-word expansion to increase matching used. possibility. In this paper we show our recommendation meth- Both these Japanese words and Thai nicknames get ods of suitable Thai nicknames for each Japanese kanji translated to English words for the similarity match- input. We consider three types of similarities between ing (Fig.2). We used Wu-Palmer Similarity[1, 2] based Thai nicknames and Japanese full names; possible meanings included in the original name, Soundex in- 坂, 井, 優, 介 ) dex, and string edit distance in romaji.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status and Related Problems of National Toponyms Standardization
    CORE brought to you by Pobrane z czasopisma Studia Bia?orutenistyczne http://bialorutenistyka.umcs.pl Data: 04/08/2020 22:59:25 Studia Białorutenistyczne 8/2014 Językoznawstwo View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Ihar Kapylou, Current status and related problems Sviatlana of national toponyms standardization Lipnitskaya in the Republic of Belarus Minsk Сучасны стан і яго наступствы агульнанароднай стандарызацыі тапаніміі ў Рэспубліцы Беларусь tandardization of the spelling of individual names of geographical objects by dint of tailored and uniied requirements and rules is a priority of contemporary Be- Slarusian onomastic research he topic acquired special relevance with the dissi- pation of USSR when Belarus became an independent state, and the urgent need for such names in the ield of oicial usage appeared whereas they play an important role in language practice being used in international treaties and agreements, state bor- ders demarcation and delimitation materials, maps and atlases, Belarusian-language textbooks and handbooks for secondary school and university, statutory acts, state ca- dasters, in media sources, as part of post oice work, in regional studies and while developing tourist routes Since 1991 in theUMCS Republic of Belarus a large-scale campaign for standardization of national geographical names has been deployed he program was designed primar- ily to meet the requirements of the United Nations resolutions in the ield of names standardization he main one of those is to establish oicially accepted
    [Show full text]
  • First Name Americanization Patterns Among Twentieth-Century Jewish Immigrants to the United States
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2017 From Rochel to Rose and Mendel to Max: First Name Americanization Patterns Among Twentieth-Century Jewish Immigrants to the United States Jason H. Greenberg The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1820 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] FROM ROCHEL TO ROSE AND MENDEL TO MAX: FIRST NAME AMERICANIZATION PATTERNS AMONG TWENTIETH-CENTURY JEWISH IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES by by Jason Greenberg A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics, The City University of New York 2017 © 2017 Jason Greenberg All Rights Reserved ii From Rochel to Rose and Mendel to Max: First Name Americanization Patterns Among Twentieth-Century Jewish Immigrants to the United States: A Case Study by Jason Greenberg This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics. _____________________ ____________________________________ Date Cecelia Cutler Chair of Examining Committee _____________________ ____________________________________ Date Gita Martohardjono Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT From Rochel to Rose and Mendel to Max: First Name Americanization Patterns Among Twentieth-Century Jewish Immigrants to the United States: A Case Study by Jason Greenberg Advisor: Cecelia Cutler There has been a dearth of investigation into the distribution of and the alterations among Jewish given names.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume XVIII, No. 5 31 May 2017
    Volume XVIII, No. 5 31 May 2017 ISSN 1555-774X. Copyright © 2017, PolishRoots®, Inc. Editor: William F. “Fred” Hoffman, e-mail: [email protected]< > CONTENTS Welcome! The Kresy Are Becoming More Accessible Missing Polish Films and Related Materials – Need Help Finding An Overview of Recent Periodicals Upcoming Events More Useful Web Addresses You May Reprint Articles... *************************************** *** WELCOME! *** to the latest issue of Gen Dobry!, the e-zine of PolishRoots®. If you missed previous issues, you can find them here: <http://polishroots.org/GenDobry/tabid/60/Default.aspx> *************************************** Gen Dobry!, Vol. XVIII, No. 5, May 2017 — 1 *** THE KRESY ARE BECOMING MORE ACCESSIBLE *** by William F. Hoffman <[email protected]> From my earliest days of interest in Polish genealogy, I have wished it were easier to gain access to records from the Kresy Wschodnie, the Eastern Borderlands. That’s the name Poles use for territories east of Poland’s current borders that were long under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Much of that same territory came under Polish rule again after World War I, only to be seized by the Soviet Union after World War II. You see, I first became interested in Polish genealogy because of my wife and her relatives in the Baltimore area. Their common ancestor came to America from Alytus, Lithuania – and back in the early 1980s, this was not the easiest place on earth to learn about. Lithuania was in the Soviet Union then, and the United States was boycotting the Moscow Olympics, so things were a bit on the tense side. We wrote to my wife’s relatives there in Polish, and we were thrilled when they answered (in Russian).
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Developments in Belarus: There Are a Lot Of
    Vilnius, Lithuania Issue 2(12), March 2010 THE BRIGHT SIDE OF BELARUS Let’s admit it, little is said about good things that Considering the topics of the articles mentioned take place in Belarus. So rarely we hear anything above, cultural life in Belarus is the sphere experi- positive about this country that one might even encing an upturn: new ideas are appreciated, art wonder – is there a bright side of Belarus? After experiments are feasible and international coopera- receiving a good few of articles, I have no doubts tion is productive. that yes, there is. Here we publish the articles that looked at the positive aspects of life in Belarus from As Olga Tomashevskaya puts it in her contribu- original, seldom discussed point of view. Aliaksei tion, economic and political life in Belarus does Shota’s contribution overviews cultural develop- not flounder either. We see the bright side here ments in 2009 presenting new trends in Belarusian in changing mentality, the coming of a positive cinematography and music, uprise of new art spaces estimation of private entrepreneurship. and media platforms created to talk about as well All three authors end their pieces by expressing as promote Belarusian art. their wish that good aspects of life in Belarus would Ekaterina Glod in turn goes deeper in analysing new endure, develop and push their way into other tendencies in Belarusian cinema. The film festival spheres. I join the contributors of the current issue Listapad could be a touchstone when assessing the by encouraging to find and to contribute to good quality of Belarusian cinematography and when things in Belarus.
    [Show full text]
  • Belarus: Neither Europe, Nor Russia Opinions of Belarusian Elites
    Belarus: Neither Europe, nor Russia Opinions of Belarusian elites Stefan Batory Foundation Warsaw 2006 Belarus: Neither Europe, nor Russia Opinions of Belarusian elites Stefan Batory Foundation Sapieżyńska 10a 00-215 Warsaw tel. |48 22| 536 02 00 fax |48 22| 536 02 20 [email protected] www.batory.org.pl Editors Valer Bulhakau, Agnieszka Komorowska Translation Alaksandar Janusik Proof-reading Anna Piątkowska Art director of the Stefan Batory Foundation’s publications Marta Kusztra Graphic design Teresa Oleszczuk Typesetting by TYRSA Sp. z o.o. © Copyright by Stefan Batory Foundation ISBN 83-89406-80-2 This publication is distributed free of charge Warsaw 2006 Contents Introduction 7 Vital Silitski, Dillemas of choice 9 1. What does Europe mean to you? 23 2. Is Belarus (as it is) part of Europe? May be it should strive for it? What Belarus should do to achieve that goal? (Do you consider European community based on common values or a geographic location?) 37 3. What can Belarus offer Europe? 61 4. Should Belarus make a strategic choice? If it should, should it seek closer ties with Russia, the European Union (EU) or former Soviet republics? Are these choices mutually exclusive? What should be done to put them into practice? 81 5. Does Belarusian identity exist? If it does, how to characterize it? What is a Belarusian identity? What does it mean to be a Belarusian? 111 6. Does the notion‘ Slavic community’/’community of former Soviet peoples’ exist? 137 7. What do you think of Russia’s policies with regard to Belarus? 159 8.
    [Show full text]
  • COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 271/2011
    22.3.2011 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 76/13 COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 271/2011 of 21 March 2011 implementing Article 8a(1) of Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 concerning restrictive measures against President Lukashenko and certain officials of Belarus THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, and IA to Regulation (EC) No 765/2006. Furthermore, the information relating to certain persons on the lists in Annexes I and IA to that Regulation should be updated, Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 of 18 May 2006 concerning restrictive measures against President Lukashenko and certain officials of Belarus ( 1 ), and HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: in particular Article 8a(1) thereof, Whereas: Article 1 Annexes I and IA to Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 shall be (1) On 18 May 2006, the Council adopted Regulation (EC) replaced by the text set out in Annexes I and II to this Regu­ No 765/2006 concerning restrictive measures against lation. President Lukashenko and certain officials of Belarus. Article 2 (2) In view of the gravity of the situation in Belarus, addi­ tional persons should be included in the lists of persons This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publi­ subject to restrictive measures as set out in Annexes I cation in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. Done at Brussels, 21 March 2011. For the Council The President C. ASHTON ( 1 ) OJ L 134, 20.5.2006, p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colour Names in Belarusian, Russian and Polish Toponymy: Frequency, Ways of Implementation of Semantics, Ethnic Meaningful Characteristics
    DOI: 10.17951/ff.2019.37.2.43-55 ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA LUBLIN – POLONIA VOL. XXXVII SECTIO FF 2-2019 IRYNA GAPONENKO Belarusian State University, Belarus ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-447X e-mail: [email protected] The Colour Names in Belarusian, Russian and Polish Toponymy: Frequency, Ways of Implementation of Semantics, Ethnic Meaningful Characteristics Nazwy kolorystyczne w toponimii białoruskiej, rosyjskiej i polskiej: częstotliwość, sposoby realizacji semantyki, cechy etnorelewantne Toponymy is not only a set of geographic names of a national language but also the result of people’s word formation. It retains many of the dialectal and archaic features, it is an important source of information of public-cultural, social and even mental nature. Every toponym is a kind of linguistic reminder of the past, which presents a sample of national-specific thinking of native speakers and reflects the richness and originality of the national historical and spiritual heritage. Toponyms, which either include in its composition a coloristic component or the inner shape of which is motivated by colour tokens, have a high inform- ative significance since the content of such onomastic units is supplemented by semantically symbolic richness and diversity of colouronyms. Colour vocabulary occupies a special place in the lexical-semantic system and it is not just a separate system fragment indicating the results of the visual perception of a person, but also an important component of the national and cultural context, through which the features of colour perception of the linguistic community of people are reflected and the figurative potential of their speech is transmitted.
    [Show full text]