DOCSLIB.ORG

Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region 11 CROSSING BOUNDARIES Bertell, Frog & Willson (eds) Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region Sea Baltic the in Networks and Contacts Edited by Maths Bertell, Frog, and Kendra Willson Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 ad FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS Crossing Boundaries Turku Medieval and Early Modern Studies The series from the Turku Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies (TUCEMEMS) publishes monographs and collective volumes placed at the intersection of disciplinary boundaries, introducing fresh connections between established fields of study. The series especially welcomes research combining or juxtaposing different kinds of primary sources and new methodological solutions to deal with problems presented by them. Encouraged themes and approaches include, but are not limited to, identity formation in medieval/early modern communities and the analysis of texts and other cultural products as a communicative process comprising shared symbols and meanings. Series Editor Matti Peikola, University of Turku, Finland Editorial Board Matti Peikola, Department of Modern Languages, University of Turku (Editor- in-chief) Janne Harjula, Adjunct Professor of Historical Archaeology, University of Turku Johanna Ilmakunnas, Acting Professor of Finnish History, School of History, Culture and Arts Studies, University of Turku Hemmo Laiho, Postdoctoral Researchers, Department of Philosophy, University of Turku Satu Lidman, Adjunct Professor of History of Criminal law, Faculty of Law/Legal History, University of Turku Aino Mäkikalli, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Comparative Literature, University of Turku Kirsi-Maria Nummila, Adjunct Professor of Finnish language, University of Turku; University Lecturer of Finnish, University of Helsinki. Kirsi Salonen, Associate Professor, School of History, Culture and Arts Studies, University of Turku FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 AD Edited by Maths Bertell, Frog, and Kendra Willson Amsterdam University Press FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS Cover illustration: Fifteenth-century painting from the church in Odensala, Sweden, depicting the mid-twelfth-century arrival of Erik the Holy and the missionary bishop St. Henrik in Finland Photograph by Maths Bertell Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 263 5 e-isbn 978 90 4853 267 4 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462982635 nur 684 © Maths Bertell, Frog & Kendra Willson / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2019 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustrations reproduced in this book. Nonetheless, whosoever believes to have rights to this material is advised to contact the publisher. FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS CROSSING BOUNDARIES: TURKU MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN STUDIES Edited by Maths Bertell, Frog, and Kendra Willson Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500- 1500 AD Since prehistoric times, the Baltic Sea has functioned as a northern mare nostrum – a crucial nexus that has shaped the languages, folklore, religions, literature, technology, and identities of the Germanic, Finnic, Sámi, Baltic, and Slavic peoples. This anthology explores the networks among those peoples. The contributions to Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 ad address different aspects of cultural contacts around and across the Baltic from the perspectives of history, archaeology, linguistics, literary studies, religious studies, and folklore. The introduction offers a general overview of cross-cultural contacts in the Baltic Sea Maths Bertell is university lecturer in religious studies at Mid-Sweden University. region as a framework for contextualizing the volume’s twelve chapters, organized in four sections. The first Frog is an Academy of Finland Research Fellow in section concerns geographical conceptions as revealed folklore studies at the University of Helsinki, in Old Norse and in classical texts through place names, Finland. terms of direction, and geographical descriptions. The second section discusses the movement of cultural Kendra Willson is a researcher in Nordic languages at the University of Turku in Finland. goods and persons in connection with elite mobility, the slave trade, and rune-carving practice. The third section Crossing Boundaries: Turku Medieval and Early turns to the history of language contacts and influences, Modern Studies using examples of Finnic names in runic inscriptions June 2019 and Low German loanwords in Finnish. The final 296 pages, 18 b/w, 3-line art illustrations section analyzes intercultural connections related to Hardback ISBN 978 94 6298 263 5 mythology and religion spanning Baltic, Finnic, e-ISBN 978 90 4853 267 4 Germanic, and Sámi cultures. Together these diverse €99.00 / £89.00 / $120.00 articles present a dynamic picture of this distinctive €98.99 / £88.99 / $119.99 part of the world. ORDER Available to order through your local bookseller or via aup.nl. Distribution outside North America through NBN International Ltd and available in North America through Baker & Taylor Publisher Services. Amsterdam University Press T +31 (0)20 420 00 50 www.aup.nl NieuweFOR Prinsengracht PRIVATE 89 AND [email protected] USE facebook.com/AUPAcademic 1018 VR AmsterdamAMSTERDAM [email protected] PRESS twitter.com/AmsterdamUPress Table of contents Preface 9 Introduction 11 Looking across the Baltic Sea and over linguistic fences Frog, Kendra Willson, and Maths Bertell Section 1 Mental maps 1 The northern part of the Ocean in the eyes of ancient geographers 29 Aleksandr Podossinov 2 Austmarr on the mental map of medieval Scandinavians 49 Tatjana Jackson 3 The connection between geographical space and collective memory in Jómsvíkinga saga 67 Sirpa Aalto Section 2 Mobility 4 Rune carvers traversing Austmarr? 91 Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt 5 Polish noble families and noblemen of Scandinavian origin in the eleventh and twelfth centuries 117 The case of the Awdańcy family: by which route did they come to Poland and why? Leszek Słupecki 6 A medieval trade in female slaves from the north along the Volga 129 Jukka Korpela FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS Section 3 Language 7 Ahti on the Nydam strap-ring 147 On the possibility of Finnic elements in runic inscriptions Kendra Willson 8 Low German and Finnish revisited 173 Mikko Bentlin Section 4 Myth and religion formation 9 Mythic logic and meta-discursive practices in the Scandinavian and Baltic regions 187 Lauri Harvilahti 10 The artificial bride on both sides of the Gulf of Finland 211 The Golden Maiden in Finno-Karelian and Estonian folk poetry Karolina Kouvola 11 Local Sámi bear ceremonialism in a Circum-Baltic perspective 235 Maths Bertell 12 Mythologies in transformation 263 Symbolic transfer, hybridisation, and creolisation in the Circum- Baltic arena (illustrated through the changing roles of *Tīwaz, *Ilma, and Óðinn, the fishing adventure of the thunder god, and a Finno- Karelian creolisation of North Germanic religion) Frog Contributors 289 Indices 291 FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS List of maps, figures and tables Maps Map 1 Routes of the oceanic voyages of Odysseus, marked with an unbroken line; the Argonauts, marked with a dotted line; and Hercules, marked with a dashed line (illustrated by Oona Oceana Schwanekamp) 31 Map 2 The contours of Eurasia according to ancient ideas. The dashed line superimposed on a modern map indicates generally conceived limits of cartographic space (based on Dion 1977: 220; illustrated by Oona Oceana Schwanekamp) 42 Map 3 Geographical distribution of drums (from Manker 1938: 104) 253 Figures Figure 1 U614 (Photo: Bengt A Lundberg, Kulturmiljöbild, Swedish National Heritage Board) 95 Figure 2 Rune stones associated with Gotland by inscription or ornament 97 Figure 3 Runic monuments classified as Gräslund’s style group Pr4 (ca. 1070-1100 AD) according to Samnordisk runtext- databas 2.7 98 Figure 4 G373 Sproge (Photo: SRI) 99 Figure 5 G203 Hogrän (Photo: SRI) 100 Figure 6 Application of the function Groove Measure on a rune 102 Figure 7a Variables in cross section 103 Figure 7b Variables along the cutting direction (longitudinal) 103 Figure 8 Result of analysis: The Pr2-group 105 Figure 9 Result of analysis: The Pr3-group 105 Figure 10 Result of analysis: The Pr4-group 106 Figure 11 Coat of arms of the Awdańcy family (from Piekosiński 1899: 22-24) 120 Figure 12 The Nydam strapring (illustrated by Lisbeth Imer) 153 Figure 13 The Idols of Thor (reproduced from Rheen 1867: 36) 193 FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS Figure 14 Herrad of Landsberg’s depiction of God catching Leviathan from Hortus Deliciarum (folio
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Satakunta Region's Futures Exercises in Practice
    The Satakunta Region´s Futures exercises in practice Tuula Hermunen Regional Council of Satakunta FUTUREG CONFERENCE Sligo 9.10.2007 Satakunta region • Located on the West Coast of Finland • Population 230,000 – Main towns: Pori (76,200), Rauma, Ulvila, Kankaanpää, Huittinen, Eura, Kokemäki – 26 municipalities – 3 sub-regions • Area 8,300 km2 Corner Stones of the local economy • Metal Industry (Heavy engineering, offshore, automation) • Energy production • Process industry • Ports and logistics • Food industry (eg. Poultry) • Forestry industry Employment • 12,000 companies employing 54,000 workers • Unemployment 11.2% (21.7% 1995) Culture and history 2 Unesco World Heritage sites: - Old Rauma wooden town - Lappi’s Hill tomb from the Bronze Age Various music and other cultural events: - Pori Jazz - Rauma Lace Week etc. Satakunta 2035 SATAKUNTA Karvia • Objectives Honkajoki Merikarvia Siikainen Kankaanpää • The Futures Process Jämijärvi Pomarkku • Stakeholders involved Noormarkku Lavia PORI Pori Ulvila Kiikoinen • Future Tools used Luvia Nakkila Harjavalta Kokemäki • Results gained Eurajoki Kiukainen Huittinen Rauma Köyliö Lappi Kodisjoki Vampula • General thoughts Säkylä Eura Vaasa FINLAND 193 km SATAKUNTA 115 km Tampere 138 km 242 km Turku Helsinki SATAKUNTALIITTO The objectives were • to identify focus areas of major importance, • to gain insight on alternative development paths in the regionally relevant focus areas, • to rise awareness among the public about regional planning and foresight processes, • to let the public identify alternative
    [Show full text]
  • The Island Monastery of Valaam in Finnish Homeland Tourism: Constructing a “Thirdspace” in the Russian Borderlands
    The island monastery of Valaam in Finnish homeland tourism: Constructing a “Thirdspace” in the Russian borderlands MAJA MIKULA Mikula, Maja (2013). The island monastery of Valaam in Finnish homeland tour- ism: Constructing a “Thirdspace” in the Russian borderlands. Fennia 191: 1, pp. 14–24. ISSN 1798-5617. The Orthodox island monastery of Valaam in Russian Karelia is today a popular destination for Finnish tourists visiting Russia’s western borderlands. Many of these tourists are descendants of the Karelians who had evacuated the area fol- lowing World War II. The monastery’s institutionally sanctioned genealogies construct it as the civilizing force, which had brought Christian enlightenment to the local heathen population. This discursive template is played out in the way the place is presented to visitors, with each highlight telling a carefully con- structed story that promotes the monastery’s significance for the Russian reli- gious and national identity. Yet, drawing on lived experience, as well as on popular culture, family lore and meanings from collective memory, the Finnish visitors break the monolithic official discourse and produce a complex “third- space” in their own measure. This paper is based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews conducted during a homeland visit to Ladogan Kare- lia in June 2010. Keywords: homeland tourism, Valaam, Karelia, Finland, Russia, borderlands, “thirdspace” Maja Mikula, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]. Introduction A flagship of the budding tourism industry in Russian Karelia (see, e.g., Nilsson 2004), Val- At the northeastern fringes of Europe, Ladogan aam is today a popular destination for Finnish Karelia is a place where visible traces of a trau- tourists visiting Russia’s western borderlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Museums Visit More Than 80 Million Visitors, 1/3 of Who Are Visitors Under 18
    Moscow 4 There are more than 3000 museums (and about 72 000 museum workers) in Russian Moscow region 92 Federation, not including school and company museums. Every year Russian museums visit more than 80 million visitors, 1/3 of who are visitors under 18 There are about 650 individual and institutional members in ICOM Russia. During two last St. Petersburg 117 years ICOM Russia membership was rapidly increasing more than 20% (or about 100 new members) a year Northwestern region 160 You will find the information aboutICOM Russia members in this book. All members (individual and institutional) are divided in two big groups – Museums which are institutional members of ICOM or are represented by individual members and Organizations. All the museums in this book are distributed by regional principle. Organizations are structured in profile groups Central region 192 Volga river region 224 Many thanks to all the museums who offered their help and assistance in the making of this collection South of Russia 258 Special thanks to Urals 270 Museum creation and consulting Culture heritage security in Russia with 3M(tm)Novec(tm)1230 Siberia and Far East 284 © ICOM Russia, 2012 Organizations 322 © K. Novokhatko, A. Gnedovsky, N. Kazantseva, O. Guzewska – compiling, translation, editing, 2012 [email protected] www.icom.org.ru © Leo Tolstoy museum-estate “Yasnaya Polyana”, design, 2012 Moscow MOSCOW A. N. SCRiAbiN MEMORiAl Capital of Russia. Major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation center of Russia and the continent MUSEUM Highlights: First reference to Moscow dates from 1147 when Moscow was already a pretty big town.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Russian Lakes Ladoga, Onega, and Imandra Under Strong Pollution and in the Period of Revitalization: a Review
    geosciences Review Large Russian Lakes Ladoga, Onega, and Imandra under Strong Pollution and in the Period of Revitalization: A Review Tatiana Moiseenko 1,* and Andrey Sharov 2 1 Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 October 2019; Accepted: 20 November 2019; Published: 22 November 2019 Abstract: In this paper, retrospective analyses of long-term changes in the aquatic ecosystem of Ladoga, Onega, and Imandra lakes, situated within North-West Russia, are presented. At the beginning of the last century, the lakes were oligotrophic, freshwater and similar in origin in terms of the chemical composition of waters and aquatic fauna. Three stages were identified in this study: reference condition, intensive pollution and degradation, and decreasing pollution and revitalization. Similar changes in polluted bays were detected, for which a significant decrease in their oligotrophic nature, the dominance of eurybiont species, their biodiversity under toxic substances and nutrients, were noted. The lakes have been recolonized by northern species following pollution reduction over the past 20 years. There have been replacements in dominant complexes, an increase in the biodiversity of communities, with the emergence of more southern forms of introduced species. The path of ecosystem transformation during and after the anthropogenic stress compares with the regularities of ecosystem successions: from the natural state through the developmental stage to a more stable mature modification, with significantly different natural characteristics. A peculiarity of the newly formed ecosystems is the change in structure and the higher productivity of biological communities, explained by the stability of the newly formed biogeochemical nutrient cycles, as well as climate warming.
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture and Land Use in the North of Russia: Case Study of Karelia and Yakutia
    Open Geosciences 2020; 12: 1497–1511 Transformation of Traditional Cultural Landscapes - Koper 2019 Alexey Naumov*, Varvara Akimova, Daria Sidorova, and Mikhail Topnikov Agriculture and land use in the North of Russia: Case study of Karelia and Yakutia https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0210 Keywords: Northern regions, land use, changes, agricul- received December 31, 2019; accepted November 03, 2020 tural development, agriculture, Russia, Karelia, Yakutia Abstract: Despite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic 1 Introduction of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy - farming and even cropping were well adapted to local This article is based on the case study of two large admin – conditions including traditional activities such as horse istrative regions of Russian Federation the Republic of ( ) breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different Karelia furthermore Karelia and the Republic of Sakha sources of information – official statistics, expert inter- (Yakutia). Territory of both regions is officially considered views, and field observations – allowed us to draw a in Russia as the Extreme North. This notion applies to the conclusion that there are both similarities and differ- whole territory of Yakutia, the largest unit of Russian ences in agricultural development and land use of these Federation and also the largest administrative region two studied regions. The differences arise from agro- worldwide with 3,084 thousand km2 land area. Five ad- climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, ministrative districts (uluses) of Yakutia have an access and spatial pattern of economy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Politics URPO VENTO Finnish Literature Society, Finland
    Nordic Journal of African Studies 1(2): 82–93 (1992) The Role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Politics URPO VENTO Finnish Literature Society, Finland The question has frequently been asked: would Finland exist as a nation state without Lönnrot's Kalevala? There is no need to answer this, but perhaps we may assume that sooner or later someone would have written the books which would have formed the necessary building material for the national identity of the Finns. During the mid 1980s, when the 150th anniversary of the Kalevala was being celebrated in Finland, several international seminars were held and thousands of pages of research and articles were published. At that time some studies appeared in which the birth of the nation state was examined from a pan-European perspective. SMALL NATION STATES "The nation state - an independent political unit whose people share a common language and believe they have a common cultural heritage - is essentially a nineteenth-century invention, based on eighteenth-century philosophy, and which became a reality for the most part in either the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. The circumstances in which this process took place were for the most part marked by the decline of great empires whose centralised sources of power and antiquated methods of administrations prevented an effective response to economic and social change, and better education, with all the aspirations for freedom of thought and political action that accompany such changes." Thus said Professor Michael Branch (University of London) at a conference on the literatures of the Uralic peoples held in Finland in the summer of 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish and Fishing in Karelia Удк 597.2/.5+639.2(470.2) Ббк 28.693.32.(2Рос.Кар.) I-54
    FISH AND FISHING IN KARELIA УДК 597.2/.5+639.2(470.2) ББК 28.693.32.(2Рос.Кар.) I-54 ISBN 978-5-9274-0651-7 © Karelian research centre RAS, 2014 FISH AND FISHING IN KARELIA N.V. ILMAST, O.P. STERLIGOVA, D.S. SAVOSIN PETROZAVODSK 2014 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRESHWATER FISH FAUNA OF KARELIA Karelian waters belong to drainage basins of two seas: the Baltic and the White Sea. The watershed between them runs across the central part of the republic. The hydrographic network is made up of numerous rivers and lakes grouped together into lake-river systems. The republic comprises nearly 50% of the water area of Lake Ladoga and 80% of Lake Onega, which are the biggest freshwater bodies in Europe. If lakes Onega and Ladoga are included, the lake cover of the territory (the ratio of the surface area of all lakes and the land area) is 21%. This is one of the highest values in the world. Migratory and salt-water fishes in Karelian waters are of marine origin, and the rest are of freshwater origin. Colonization of the region by freshwater fish fauna proceeded from south to north as the glacier was retreating. More thermophilic species (cyprinids, percids, etc.) colonized the waters some 10000 years B.P., and cold-loving species (salmons, chars, whitefishes, etc.) – even earlier. Contemporary freshwater fish fauna in Karelia comprises 44 fish species, excluding the typically marine species that enter the lower reaches of the rivers emptying into the White Sea (European plaice, Arctic flounder, navaga), farm-reared species (pink salmon, common carp, rainbow trout, longnose sucker, muksun, Arctic cisco, broad whitefish, northern (peled) whitefish, nelma/inconnu), as well as some accidental species (European flounder).
    [Show full text]
  • SAMPO ANNUAL REPORT 1998 2 SAMPO ANNUAL REPORT 1998 Posal
    ARNNUAL EPORT 1998 Contents 2 Sampo Highlights 1998 3 Sampo Group Key Information 4 Chief Executive Officer’s Review Financial Statements and Notes 6 Board of Directors’ Report 17 Consolidated Profit and Loss Account 20 Consolidated Balance Sheet 22 Parent Company Profit and Loss Account 24 Parent Company Balance Sheet 26 Working Capital Flow Statement The year 1999 marks the 125th Notes to the Accounts anniversary of Kaleva Mutual Insurance 27 Accounting Principles Company and, with it, Finnish life insurance in general. For Sampo Insurance 32 Calculation Methods for the Key Figures Company, this year will be the company’s 34 Sampo Group Key Figures 90th anniversary. To celebrate these jubilees, Sampo has published an art book 36 Analyses entitled “Ars Assicurata - Sampo Art from 70 Auditors’ Report the Golden Age to the Present Day” 70 Statement by the Supervisory Board exhibiting the company’s extensive art 1 collection. The illustrations in this annual 71 Supervisory Board report originate from this book. 72 Board of Directors 74 Auditors Cover The Sampo Group 76 Private Client Services Timo Sarpaneva, 1926– Fiercy glance, 1998 78 Corporate Client Services SAMPO ANNUAL REPORT 1998 80 Major Accounts Services Timo Sarpaneva, a great master of the 84 Foreign Reinsurance Run-Off Finnish glass sculpture, very often creates the basic form of his works by combining 86 Sampo Life Insurance a circle, a square and an oval. The subject 92 Investments matter regularly springs from Finnish folk- lore. “We have to achieve self-fulfilment 96 Sampo Personnel as Finns, not by imitating others. Only thus 98 Sampo and the Environment will we be able to keep our place in the 100 Year 2000 and Euro face of fierce international competition”, as the artist himself puts it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ponto-Caspian Basin As a Final Trap for Southeastern Scandinavian Ice-Sheet Meltwater
    Quaternary Science Reviews 148 (2016) 29e43 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev The Ponto-Caspian basin as a final trap for southeastern Scandinavian Ice-Sheet meltwater * Alina Tudryn a, , Suzanne A.G. Leroy b, Samuel Toucanne c, Elisabeth Gibert-Brunet a, Piotr Tucholka a, Yuri A. Lavrushin d, Olivier Dufaure a, Serge Miska a, Germain Bayon c a GEOPS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Universite Paris-Saclay, Rue du Belvedere, Bat.^ 504-509, 91405, Orsay, France b Environmental Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, London, UK c Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Unite de Recherche Geosciences Marines, F-29280, Plouzane, France d Geological Institute (GIN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 117036, Russia article info abstract Article history: This paper provides new data on the evolution of the Caspian Sea and Black Sea from the Last Glacial Received 23 December 2015 Maximum until ca. 12 cal kyr BP. We present new analyses (clay mineralogy, grain-size, Nd isotopes and Received in revised form pollen) applied to sediments from the river terraces in the lower Volga, from the middle Caspian Sea and 23 June 2016 from the western part of the Black Sea. The results show that during the last deglaciation, the Ponto- Accepted 29 June 2016 Caspian basin collected meltwater and fine-grained sediment from the southern margin of the Scandi- navian Ice Sheet (SIS) via the Dniepr and Volga Rivers. It induced the deposition of characteristic red- brownish/chocolate-coloured illite-rich sediments (Red Layers in the Black Sea and Chocolate Clays in Keywords: Caspian sea the Caspian Sea) that originated from the Baltic Shield area according to Nd data.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland Adventure Travel Trip
    FINLAND Northern Lights and Life in Lapland February 18 - 24, 2018 adventurewomen 14 mount auburn street, watertown ma 02472 t: (617) 544-9393 t: (800) 804-8686 www.adventurewomen.com 1 FINLAND Northern Lights and Life in Lapland February 18 - 24, 2018 TRIP HIGHLIGHTS ` Take a reindeer sleigh and search for the Aurora Borealis; nature’s most resplen- dent lightshow. ` Enjoy dinner with leading Finnish women, including former Finnish President Tarja Halonen and Anne Berner, Managing Director of Marimekko ` Revel in a private concert performance ` Experience Finnish cuisine: cook a traditional lunch and enjoy dinner with a Sami family in their Lavvu, a traditional dwelling made from logs and reindeer hides. ` Ride a snowmobile to the majestic Sampo Icebreaker QUICK VIEW ITINERARY Day 1: Arrive in Helsinki Day 2: Visit Temppelinaukio Rock Church and the Lotta Svard Museum, private concert Day 3: Learn to cook a Finnish meal, dinner with leading Finnish women Day 4: Search for the Aurora Borealis by reindeer sleigh Day 5: Snowmobile safari, icebreaker cruise - swim if you dare! Day 6: Drive a dog sled, visit a local Sami home, learn about local handicrafts Day 7: Depart Rovaniemi TRIP PRICE Main Trip: $6,490 Optional Single Accommodations: $1,000 adventurewomen 14 mount auburn street, watertown ma 02472 t: (617) 544-9393 t: (800) 804-8686 www.adventurewomen.com 2 FINLAND Northern Lights and Life in Lapland February 18 - 24, 2018 is this trip We rate this trip as easy to moderate. You should be able to walk comfortably for a few hours and be prepared for right for me? a cold climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Anssi Halmesvirta the British Conception of the Finnish
    Anssi Halmesvirta The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760-1918 Societas Historica Finlandiae Suomen Historiallinen Seura Finska Historiska Samfundet Studia Historica 34 Anssi Häme svida The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760 1918 SHS / Helsinki / 1990 Cover by Rauno Endén "The Bombardment of Sveaborg" (9-10 of August, 1855). A drawing by J. W. Carmichael, artist from the Illustrated London News ISSN 0081-6493 ISBN 951-8915-28-8 GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY JYVÄSKYLÄ 1990 Contents PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 8 1. THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY IMAGE OF THE FINN 29 1.1. Some precedents 29 1.2. The naturalists' view 36 1.3. The historians' view 43 1.4. Travel accounts 53 2. ON THE NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER OF CIVILIZATION: THE EVOLUTION OF THE FINNS 81 2.1. The science of race 81 2.2. The place of the Finn in British pre-evolutionary anthropology, 1820-1855 88 2.3. Philology, ethnology and politics: the evolution of Finnish 111 2.4. The political and cultural status of Finland, 1809-1856: British perceptions 130 2.5. Agitation, war and aftermath 150 3. ARYANS OR MONGOLS? — BRITISH THEORIES OF FINNISH ORIGINS 167 4. THE FINNS, THEIR KALEVALA AND THEIR CULTURE.. 191 5. COMPARATIVE POLITICS AND BRITISH PERCEPTIONS OF THE PROGRESS OF THE FINNS, 1860-1899 209 5 6. BRITISH RESPONSES TO THE FINNISH-RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL CONTENTION, 1899-1918 239 6.1. Immediate reactions 239 6.2. The Finnish question: variations on a Liberal theme 253 6.2.1. The constitutionalist argument 253 6.2.2. A compromise 266 6.2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake and Mire Isolation Data Set for the Estimation of Post-Glacial Land Uplift in Fennoscandia
    Lake and mire isolation data set for the estimation of post-glacial land uplift in Fennoscandia Jari Pohjola1, Jari Turunen1, and Tarmo Lipping1 1Tampere University, Pohjoisranta 11 A, Pori, Finland Correspondence to: Jari Pohjola (jari.pohjola@tuni.fi) Abstract. Postglacial land uplift is a complex process related to the continental ice retreat that took place about 10,000 years ago and thus started the viscoelastic response of the Earth’s crust to rebound back to its equilibrium state. To empirically model the land uplift process based on past behavior of shoreline displacement, data points of known spatial location, elevation and dating are needed. Such data can be obtained by studying the isolation of lakes and mires from the sea. Archaeological data 5 on human settlements (i.e., human remains, fireplaces etc.) are also very useful as the settlements were indeed situated on dry land and were often located close to the coast. This information can be used to validate and update the postglacial land uplift model. In this paper, a collection of data underlying empirical land uplift modelling in Fennoscandia is presented. The data set is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.905352 (Pohjola et al., 2019). 1 Introduction 10 Holocene land uplift has been known to people living along the shores of the northern Baltic Sea for centuries. Land uplift is a consequence of the Weichselian stadial and the massive ice layer that covered the Northern Europe from the British Isles to the proximity of Ural mountains in Russia. Heavy ice load pressed the Earth’s crust down during the Weichselian period and when the ice started to melt at the beginning of the post-Weichselian or the Holocene period, the crust began to rebound to its equilibrium state.
    [Show full text]