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Redalyc.Delineation of the Northern Limit of the Congo Craton Based On Geofísica Internacional ISSN: 0016-7169 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ndougsa-Mbarga, Théophile; Yufenyiu Layu, Donatus; Yene-Atangana, Joseph Quentin; Tabod Tabod, Charles Delineation of the northern limit of the Congo Craton based on spectral analysis and 2.5D modeling of aeromagnetic data in the Akonolinga-Mbama area, Cameroon Geofísica Internacional, vol. 53, núm. 1, 2014, pp. 5-16 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=56829956001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative GEOFÍSICA INTERNACIONAL (2014) 53-1: 5-16 ORIGINAL PAPER Delineation of the northern limit of the Congo Craton based on spectral analysis and 2.5D modeling of aeromagnetic data in the Akonolinga- Mbama area, Cameroon Théophile Ndougsa-Mbarga*, Donatus Yufenyiu Layu*, Joseph Quentin Yene-Atangana and Charles Tabod Tabod Received: January 24, 2011; accepted: March 19, 2013; published on line: December 11, 2013 Resumen Abstract Se analizaron datos aeromagnéticos de la región Aeromagnetic data of the Akonolinga-Mbama Akonolinga–Mbama, con la finalidad de determinar region are analyzed in order to elucidate the la geología de subsuperficie de la zona. La subsurface geology of the area. The available interpretación de los datos disponibles, en forma data in the form of a residual aeromagnetic map de un mapa aeromagnético residual, muestra a is interpreted as a vast magnetically quiet region, esta vasta zona como magnéticamente tranquila, and complex zones which do not correlate with y las zonas complejas no se correlacionan con la the surface geology of the region. geología de la superficie de la región. Within the magnetically quiet zone, a high Dentro de esta zona magnética tranquila una negative circular elongated anomaly zone seems zona negativa alta, anómala, alargada y circular to represent an intrusion of a plutonic rock into the parece significar la intrusión de una roca plutónica metamorphic formations of the region. Spectral en las formaciones metamórficas de la región. analysis and two-and-a-half dimensional (2½-D) Se utilizaron el análisis espectral y la modelación modeling are used to estimate the depth of the dimensional de 2 y medio (2½ -D) para determinar causative bodies and determine the source rocks la profundidad de los cuerpos que lo causaron along three profiles crossing the suspected areas. y analizar las rocas de origen a lo largo de tres Models from various zones of granitic intrusions perfiles que cruzan las zonas en estudio. Se are obtained, thereby proposing some shallow obtuvieron modelos de las intrusiones graníticas fault lines along zones of contact. This permits de diversas zonas, lo cual parece significar algunas us to mark out the northern margin of the Congo fallas poco profundas a lo largo de las zonas de Craton, thus enabling us to distinguish the cratonic contacto. Esto nos permitió delimitar el margen formations from the Pan African fold belt. Part of norte del Congo Cratón, con lo cual distinguimos the belt has been thrust over the northern portion las formaciones cratónicas de la faja Panafricana of the Congo Craton in Cameroon. plegada. Parte de la faja se ha extendido sobre la parte norte del Congo Cratón en Camerún. Key words: aeromagnetic data, residual anomaly, spectral analysis, 2½-D modeling, Pan African, Palabras clave: datos aeromagnéticos, anomalía Congo Craton, faults, intrusion, Cameroon. residual, análisis espectral, modelación 2½ -D, Panafricano, Congo Cratón, faltas, intrusión, Camerún. T. Ndougsa-Mbarga* J.Q. Yene-Atangana Department of Physics Department of Earth Sciences Advanced Teacher’s Training College Faculty of SciencUniversity of Yaoundé I University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé Cameroon Currently Director of Geology in the Ministry of Mines Industry & Technological Development of Cameroon D. Y. Layu2* C. T. Tabod2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon *Corresponding authors: [email protected] [email protected] 5 T. Ndougsa-Mbarga, D. Yufenyiu Layu, J.Q. Yene-Atangana and C. Tabod Tabod Introduction Craton is characterized by a network of faults which traverse the region of study. The exact The Akonolinga-Mbama region is situated in the position of the limit of the Congo Craton has central-south area of Cameroon (Central Africa) not yet been traced (Ndougsa et al., 2002 & from latitude 3º15’N to 4º30’N and longitude 2003). The objective of this study is to use the 12º E to 13º E. This region, with an average aeromagnetic data of the Akonolinga-Mbama altitude of 700 m, occupies the southern plateau region to investigate the major tectonic features of Cameroon and is made up of a monotonous and the subsurface geology, and to delimit the landscape, mainly of gently undulating dome Northern limit of the Congo Craton. shaped hills of convex slopes and few rocky domes with concave slopes. Geology and tectonic setting The area of study is part of the Precambrian The area of study (Figure 1) is part of the Pan- of central and southern Cameroon which shows African-Brazillian belt made of belts which were many geological features of different ages and rejuvenated during the Pan-African orogeny varying petrographic characteristics (Tadjou et about 550 Ma ago (Vicat, 1998; Djouka et al., al., 2009). In the Pan-African domain, geological 2004; Toteu et al., 2004). It is largely intruded studies (Toteu et al., 2004) reveal that the region by Neoproterozoic granitoids of Pan-African age was formed during the Pan-African event in latest emplaced from early stage of deformation to late Proterozoic to earliest Palaeozoic by convergence uplift stage of the evolution of the Central African and collision between the Congo Craton to the Fold Belt (CAFB). The region is in the southern south and the Pan-African mobile belt to the north. portion of the Pan-African mobile domain that shares a boundary with the Congo Craton. It is Gravity and audiomagnetotellurics studies by composed of granite-gneissic rocks and those of Collignon (1968), Ndougsa et al. (2003), Tadjou the Precambrian intermediate formation (Vicat, et al. (2009) , Manguelle-Dicoum et al. (1992 1998). This intermediate formation constitutes & 1993), Mbom Abane (1997), and Meying et the Yaounde group formed of the Ayos-Mbalmayo- al.(2009) have shown that the limit of the Congo Bengbis series which dip to the north and merge Figure 1. Geological map of Cameroon with foliation trends (After Toteu et al., 2004). 6 VOLUME 53 NUMBER 1 GEOFÍSICA INTERNACIONAL with the Yaounde series without any lithological Mbalmayo-Bengbis series (Figure 1) dips to the break. The Ayos-Mbalmayo-Bengbis series are north and merges with the Yaoundé series without is mainly composed of schists and recrystalized any major lithological break (Tadjou et al., 2009). quartzites. This schist and quartzite complex is a belt trending E-W, and covering about 1500 The schist seems to have been formed from km (Vicat, 1998). The composition is made up clay or limestone sediments. The mica-schist of of chlorite-schist, micaschist with or without this region is thought to have been formed on top garnet, gneisses and slates with numerous veins of the chloride-schist. The primary minerals of of quartzite. The Ayos-Mbalmayo-Bengbis series the schist include muscovite, biotite, quartz and contains the same metasedimentary composition garnet, disthene, rutile and ilmenite as secondary as the Yaoundé series, but metamorphosed and minerals (Ndougsa et al., 2003; Paterson et al., deformed at different structural levels (Olinga et 1976). The granites are of the calco-alkalinic and al., 2010). leucocratic type with heterogeneity in mineralogy. The Yaoundé series is comprised of low to As regards the tectonics, the region has a high grade garnet bearing schist, mica-schist, complex and uneven tectonic structure which disthene, quartzite and gneisses metamorphosed is described to have resulted from orogenic under medium to high pressure metamorphism movements of the Pan-African basement (Tadjou reaching the granulite facies (Toteu et al., et al., 2009). Although no clear evidence of 2004; Vicat, 1998). The schists and gneisses the tectonic nature of the region is observed at are interpreted as neoproterozoic epicontinental the surface, it is worth noting the foliation and deposits related either to an intracontinental migmatization of the region (Figure 2). The ar- distensive environment or a passive margin. cuate foliation is regarded to have resulted from Structurally, the Yaoundé series are made up of deformation of the underlying Congo Craton juxtaposed rock units which are interpreted as (Toteu et al., 2004; Mvondo et al., 2007). The a large nappe that is thrusted southward onto schist and mica-schist are relatively folded (Olinga the Congo Craton (Toteu et al., 2004). The Ayos- et al., 2010). Figure 2. Simplified geological map of the area of study (Adapted from Nnange, 1991; Ndougsa et al., 2003). JANUARY - MARCH 2014 7 T. Ndougsa-Mbarga, D. Yufenyiu Layu, J.Q. Yene-Atangana and C. Tabod Tabod Aeromagnetic data trends in the E-W and NEE-SWW directions. Based on the features of the contours, the map can Origin of the data be partitioned in to a smooth magnetic (around and north of the latitude 4º N parallel) and the The aeromagnetic data in Cameroon was collected magnetically complex (south) anomaly zone. over a total surface area of 168,365 km2 (Paterson et al., 1976). This area was divided into six regions We also observe zones of magnetic lows, some of which the area of study is found within the of which exist as circular negative elongated Akonolinga region.
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