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Kingston Upon Hull City Council Historic Environment Strategy 2010

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Kingston Upon Hull City Council Historic Environment Strategy 2010 Kingston upon Hull City Council Historic Environment Strategy 2010 – 2015 1 Part One Strategy The Purpose of this document is to set out a comprehensive and integrated Historic Environment Strategy for the City of Kingston upon Hull. The Strategy is primarily concerned with the planning, development, regeneration and management issues affecting the historic environment within the City of Kingston upon Hull. The scope of the strategy does not include heritage assets in their broader sense – assets such as museums, galleries, archives and collections, or local traditions and festivals, which are also important aspects of the City’s heritage. However, the future aspiration has to be to bring all aspects of the City’s heritage, under a single holistic all- encompassing strategy, so that a greater understanding of the historic asset can be formed. The Council has in the past been extremely successful in securing substantial levels of external funding for heritage-led regeneration activities and has supported these projects through its own capital programme. These projects have been managed and delivered by the City Council and its Partner organisations. Changing national policy, limited resources and funding opportunities dictate that in the future clear priorities must be established both in terms of developing the Council’s own heritage projects as well as providing support for projects led by others. It is therefore necessary for the Conservation strategy to provide a clear framework for investment in the City’s built heritage over the next few years. As future applications are made for external funding, a clear strategy will send an important message to funding bodies that the Council has a clear vision, established priorities and a framework for implementation in place. In key areas of conservation, the Council has an enviable track record, particularly within the historic Old Town. Examples include the restoration of the bell-frame at St Mary, Lowgate; the restoration of no’s 153 and 153A High Street (Dunswell’s Forge); 52 High Street; 44 High Street (Danish Buildings); 27 High Street (Oriel Chambers); and the creation of the arena at the Beverley Gate (west end of Whitefriargate). In key areas of conservation, the Council has an enviable track record, particularly within the historic old town where it has undertaken public realm improvement works at Silver Street, Land of Green Ginger, Manor Street, and Bowlalley Lane. The reinstatement of railings at St. Mary’s Churchyard and the repair of Burnett House on Castle Street. These sample projects demonstrate what can be achieved with public intervention and as an authority we should strive to build on this success in the future by developing further bids for funding to conserve and enhance our heritage assets. 2 Introduction Kingston upon Hull has a rich, varied and unique heritage. The evolution of the city continues to be relevant to people both living within and outside the boundaries of Hull. The history and heritage of the city work to shape people’s lives and the landscape around them. The historic environment plays an increasingly central role in the delivery of a range of public policy objectives including education, economic development, sustainable growth, urban regeneration, cultural development and supporting local communities. The historic environment also underpins many successful projects aimed at improving the quality of life, transforming areas, empowering local community groups and creating a better and more sustainable environment. Heritage provides a sense of place and local identity, with which people can readily associate with. It can be a focus for engagement and discussion. It can establish a platform for a wide range of activities be they economic, cultural, social or environmental and provide a basis or vision for the ‘future history’ of a community. In a world changing at an increasing rate, heritage and history offer continuity and a backdrop to the immediate. Engagement in heritage and conservation offers a wide range of education, training and skills-development opportunities. However, the historic environment is a fragile and finite resource, once an element of it is lost it is gone forever. Each element that goes to make the whole has its own intrinsic value and may come under a variety of increasing pressures. To ensure the historic environment is sustained for the enjoyment of future generations there is a need for collective responsibility for its care and stewardship. This requires an understanding of the nature and value of our heritage assets in order to ensure that any decisions taken and proposed changes positively preserve or enhance their unique value. The value of the historic environment is enshrined in national government policy and legislation. This is articulated by local government policy and practice, supported by local amenity groups and expressed in the popularity of historic buildings and places in the collective public mind. It is therefore important that we accord the historic environment the duty of care it deserves when considering proposals that effect it and ensure that all interventions are carried out in a sensitive and non-intrusive manner so that future generations can continue to enjoy the heritage offer of the city. 3 The Origins and Development of Hull Strategically situated at the confluence of the Humber Estuary and the River Hull, the town and future City of Hull was to develop as the principal port of entry, not only for the whole of Yorkshire, but also for much of the East Midlands, as the Humber is one of Britain’s great waterways, being fed by some 26 river systems. Much older than the large industrial cities of what are now South and West Yorkshire, Hull had already established itself by the end of the Middle Ages as one of the three largest towns in the whole of Yorkshire, and as the second most important port on the East Coast of England: only London surpassed it in terms of the volume and wealth of trade which was passing through it. Its role as the pre-eminent deepwater port on the Humber enabled not only its own merchants, but also those of inland towns such as York, Beverley, Lincoln and Nottingham to trade with much of Europe and with many of England’s coastal communities. Its natural outlets lie to the east, principally in the Low Countries (what are now Belgium and the Netherlands), and further north in Scandinavia, North Germany and the Baltic; however, its medieval trading connections covered most of the western European seaboard from Norway to Portugal, and the Baltic coasts from Denmark to Poland and the Baltic States, whilst it also had a very healthy coastal trade with Scotland and much of the east and south coasts of England. Today, the influences of many of those historic trading connections can be detected in some of its distinctive architecture, the choice and use of local building materials, the local accent and dialect, and even in some of the street-names and surnames of local inhabitants. Some writers have even claimed to see traces of those links in the physical appearance of the locals: Thomas Baskerville commented in his description of the town in 1677 “The women of this town have ‘Dutches’ faces, for they are not so clear complexioned as in the upper parts at further distance from the sea”. Hull’s position as a deepwater port on the Humber Estuary, at the south- eastern end of Yorkshire, gives it a dual role. It serves both as the natural central place and market for much of its hinterland on both sides of the Humber – for the estuary has always been as much of a connection and trading link between its north and south banks, as it has been a physical and cultural barrier; but, it is also a major European port, as much of its business and economy has been closely tied to Europe for at least the last 900 years. For those reasons, Hull has long been subject to far more direct European influences than the vast bulk of its inland neighbours. The origins of the town In 1293 Edward I purchased the borough of Wyke from the Cistercian abbey of Meaux, and founded a much larger “King’s Town”. Edward needed a deepwater port in the north of England from which to supply his armies in a forthcoming campaign against the Scots, and Hull proved to be an ideal choice; another major consideration was that control of the lucrative port of Wyke (which was already handling one of the highest totals of goods passing through any port on the east and south coasts) would pass into royal hands. This acquisition is accepted by most historians as marking the foundation of 4 Hull; yet, the roots of the town are much older. There has been settlement and extensive human activity in parts of the modern City for the best part of the last 6,000 years. The distinctive status of being a royal borough, and enjoying royal patronage, meant that Hull developed differently from the neighbouring parts of the East Riding, and rapidly acquired its own character and style. In 1440 it became a county in its own right, and in the 19th century was often referred to as Hullshire. It was created a county borough in 1888, and was given the status of a city in 1897; it has been a Unitary Authority since 1996. The importance of water in shaping the town The Humber has always been a dynamic estuary, and its course has altered significantly over the last three millennia, particularly as sea-level has risen or fallen. Climate change is by no means a modern phenomenon, and parts of Hull have always been subject to periodic flooding: in many ways the history and development of Hull is intimately bound with man’s relationship with water, and in learning how to control and harness that resource.
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