SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull Adopted 15th July 2004 Hull Planning SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull CONTENTS 165 INTRODUCTION & PURPOSE 167 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 168 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE & SIGNIFICANCE 168 Hull Citadel 169 Hull Castle and the South Blockhouse 171 Curtain Wall 171 Church and Churchyard of St. Peter, Drypool 172 LISTED BUILDINGS (STANDING ARCHAEOLOGY) 172 Former Trinity House Buoy Shed, Tower Street 172 Tubular Crane to northeast of former Trinity House Buoy Shed, Tower Street 173 SCHEDULED MONUMENTS - Implications for Work on Site 174 AREA OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST - Planning & Development Implications 176 LISTED BUILDINGS - Planning & Development Implications 177 URBAN GREENSPACE - Guidance for Managing Archaeological Remains 177 Grass 177 Trees 178 AREA OF POTENTIAL CHANGE - Urban Design Guidance for Future Development at the Citadel Trading Park and the Old Harbour Side 180 CONCLUSION 181 USEFULADDRESSES & CONTACTS 182 APPENDICES 1-4 SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull 164 SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull INTRODUCTION & PURPOSE 27.4 The purpose of this Supplementary Planning 27.1 The 17 hectare (42 acre) area known historically Guidance is to provide more detail and guidance on: as Garrison Side is in mixed uses and is bounded by l the national importance and significance of the the River Hull on its western side; St. Peter Street on its area’s archaeological remains; northern side; Great Union Street and The Haven l the importance of the area’s Listed Buildings of (Plimsoll Way) on its eastern side; and South Bridge special architectural or historic interest; Road and 'The Deep' on its southern side. Prominent l planning, development and work implications landmarks around the area include 'The Deep', The within the area; Millennium Footbridge, The Tidal Surge Barrier, Myton l urban design requirements within the area; and Drypool Bridges and Clarence Mills. l relevant legislation and planning policy; and to 27.2 The Hull CityPlan (adopted May 2000) l raise awareness of the cultural value and potential designates Garrison Side as being wholly within an of the archaeological resource. Area of Archaeological Interest and partly within an Area of Potential Change (Figure 27.1, page 166). Relevant policies and the Councils requirements for these designated Areas are detailed in the Hull CityPlan and in accompanying Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG). 27.3 Archaeological remains within the Garrison Side area should be seen as a finite non-renewable resource that is highly fragile and vulnerable to damage and destruction. In particular, care must be taken to ensure that remains (and the irreplaceable information that they hold) are not needlessly or thoughtlessly destroyed. They are important for: l defining our sense of identity, place and belonging; l for providing a source of evidence and knowledge of past human activity; and l for their cultural role in education, recreation and tourism. Appropriate management is therefore essential, especially in an Area of Potential Change, to ensure simultaneously the protection of the archaeological Remains of national importance and significance within Garrison Side include this 17th-century sentry resource and regeneration of the local economy. box from the walls of Hull Citadel - a very small section of which can be seen reconstructed here. SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull 165 SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull Figure 27.1: Boundaries Garrison Side Area of Archaeological Interest Area of Potential Change N © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100023372 SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull 166 SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 27.5 Garrison Side takes its name from the garrison which occupied the area between the mid-16th and mid-19th century. The fortifications for the garrison were successively constructed next to the village and church of Drypool - a name of Anglo-Saxon origin meaning 'Dried-up Pool'. The form of the military works in the mid-16th century comprised three blockhouses linked together by a curtain wall and an outer moat. 27.6 The blockhouses were small artillery forts designed to 'block' with canon the movement of road View of the South Blockhouse within the southwest bastion of Hull Citadel, c.1840 and river traffic and to defend the previously exposed haven and east flank of Kingston upon Hull. The 27.8 The defensibility of the Citadel was soon garrison was also there to ensure the loyalty of the compromised, however, first by the transformation of town to the crown after its capitulation in 1536 to a Drypool from a small rural village to an industrial rebel army during the 'Pilgrimage of Grace'. suburb of Hull (into which it was formally incorporated in 1837) and lastly by the construction of Victoria Dock between 1845-50. View of Hull’s three blockhouses, 1640 27.7 During the late 17th century, parts of the Henrician defences were incorporated into a new Hull Citadel & Victoria Dock, 1861 artillery fortification known as the Citadel. This 27.9 As a result of the latter, the garrison at Hull was comprised a triangular defended area protected by gradually wound-down during the 1850s and the site massive earthen ramparts linked to angular bastions of the Citadel offered for sale in 1859. Offers for the at each corner. Further protection was provided by a site included one from Hull Corporation who wanted to broad wet moat around the northeast and northwest turn it into Hull's first public park. Regrettably, the offer sides. On the south side, until silting in the late 18th from the Corporation was rejected and the Citadel was century, the Citadel fronted straight onto the Humber. sold to the Hull Dock Company a few years later. SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull 167 SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull The Company promptly demolished the Citadel in The area to the south remained derelict until 1864, save for a stone sentry box (now part of the regeneration in the late-1980s and 1990s as part of the reconstructed wall off Plimsoll Way) and a stone Victoria Dock Village. In both cases the shape of the entrance arch (now at Lea Hall, Hatfield Broad Oak, Citadel, and its internal structures, has had a profound Essex). influence on their layout and design, and will continue 27.10 A series of archaeological excavations from to influence new land use in the future (Figure 27.3, 1969, however, have shown that the demolition work page 170). The nearby presence of 'The Deep' was far from complete. Substantial and well- (opened in 2002) may also influence the character and preserved stone and brick structural remains still nature of the area in the future, with a greater survive in situ, together with evidence of the earthwork emphasis on culture, tourism, leisure and housing. ramparts. In addition many individual items have been ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF uncovered ranging from a 16th-century canon to 17th- NATIONAL IMPORTANCE & century small arms accessories such as gunflints and SIGNIFICANCE a lead powder holder cover. Hull Citadel 27.11 Following the levelling of the Citadel in 1864, a new network of streets for the site was planned, possibly as a precursor to building a 'Dockers village'. Few of the streets, however, appear to have been laid- out and the site was used instead as a marshalling and storage yard for timber - the principal commodity shipped through Victoria Dock. 27.12 During the Second World War, Drypool and Victoria Dock were prime targets for enemy bombing and suffered much damage. After the repair of war damage Victoria Dock prospered through the post-war years with the high demand for timber from the coal mining and building industries. A change in the economy and trade and shipping practices, however, finally led to the closure of the Dock in 1970. After Plan of Hull Citadel, 1784 closure, and with the exception of the half-tide basin, the Dock was in-filled. Industries along the Old 27.14 Hull Citadel is an example of a very rare pure Harbour Side also declined thereafter leading to bastioned fort. Only 25 of these were constructed vacancy and underuse by the end of the 20th century. nationally between 1660 and c.1865. Of these, Hull 27.13 In 1981 the site of the Citadel was bisected by a Citadel, along with Plymouth Citadel, Tilbury Fort and six-lane expressway (Garrison Road). On its north Clifford's Fort, are the earliest - all dating to the late side a light industrial estate was established. 17th century. In view of the rarity of such sites SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull 168 SPG Note 27 Heritage & Development Management at Garrison Side, Hull nationally, and the important insight they provide into coasts between Hull and Milford Haven, there are 27 the historic development of defence strategies, all varying examples which are known to survive as examples retaining surviving archaeological remains standing structures, ruins or buried archaeological are certainly of national importance. In addition to its remains, many incorporated into later military rarity, Hull Citadel is also nationally significant for the installations as at Hull. Hull Castle and the South survival of substantial remains and contemporary Blockhouse were amongst the last to be built documents from phases of its construction. Despite its nationally and feature unusual pointed curvilinear national importance, however, differing modern land- bastions. uses dictate that different management regimes are 27.16 The bastions are unique for England and employed over the site of Hull Citadel. For this reason represent a stage between the more typical rounded alone, only the southern half of Hull Citadel (south of bastions of the period, and the introduction of angular Garrison Road) has statutory protection by scheduling bastions built at a slightly later date.