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“Children” in the Urban Vision of India, 2019

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“Children” in the Urban Vision of India, 2019 CHILDREN IN THE URBAN VISION OF INDIA CFSC CHILD FRIENDLY SMART CITIES Children in the urban vision of India A Study of Children in CFSC Urban Missions of India CHILD CHILDREN“CHILDRE IN THEN” IN URBAN THE URBAN VISION VISION OF OFINDIA INDIAiii 1 FRIENDLY SMART CITIES TITLE “CHILDREN” IN THE URBAN VISION OF INDIA, 2019 PUBLISHER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF URBAN AFFAIRS, DELHI RESEARCH TEAM Kanak Tiwari, Ishleen Kaur, Naina Seth, Surbhi Zutshi Supported by: Divya Jindal, Yogita Lokhande, Sarika Chakrabarty, TC Sharma, Neha Awasthi, Kaustubh Parihar GRAPHIC DESIGN Deep Pahwa, Devender S Rawat, Bhavnesh Bhanot MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Aparajita Ghatak, Aksheyta Gupta COPYRIGHT © NIUA (2019) YEAR OF PUBLISHING: 2019 DISCLAIMER This report is intended as a baseline study for status of children in urban India. While every effort has been made to ensure the correctness of data/information used in this report, neither the authors nor NIUA shall accept any legal liability for the accuracy or inferences drawn from the material contained therein or for any consequences arising from the use of this material. Depiction of boundaries shown in the maps are not authoritative. The boundaries and names shown and the statistics used on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance. These maps are prepared for visual and cartographic representation of tabular data. All photographs in the report have been duly credited to the respective photographers. Further information regarding photograph permissions should be redirected to the respective photographers. The full report should be referenced as follows: NIUA (2018) ““CHILDREN” IN THE URBAN VISION OF INDIA, 2019” Delhi, India. This report is open source and for reference purposes. Text from this report can be quoted if proper references are provided and source is acknowledged. CONTACT National Institute of Urban Affairs 1st and 2nd floor Core 4B, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003 India Website: www.niua.org, www.cfsc.niua.org iv A Study of Children in Urban Missions of India CHILDREN IN THE URBAN VISION OF INDIA v MANSI CHOPRA vi A Study of Children in Urban Missions of India Preface The Child friendly Smart Cities (CFSC) initiative at the National Institute of Urban Affairs is dedicated towards mainstreaming the needs of children in the urban agenda. Supported by the Bernard van Leer Foundation, CFSC has been successful in developing and advocating the understanding that cities need to respond effectively to the needs of children, who constitute a third of the urban demographic; who are the current and future human capital; and yet are the most underrepresented in planning of our cities. This report presents the findings of a review of the current national urban missions in India (Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and Swachh Bharat Mission) and the related guidelines and implementation processes that have helped nudge cities towards being people-friendly. The document highlights the achievements of cities under the various missions particularly from the lens of creating children-friendly urban environments. Facilitated by the progressive guidelines of the urban missions, proposals from some cities have creatively engaged with people including children to prioritize their development themes, leading to interventions that are responsive to the needs of various stakeholders. Presenting the various interventions adopted by these cities, this report also provides recommendations for replication and scaling up of best practices in other cities. It also discusses a Version 2.0 of every mission, and what it would need to have to be children- friendly. The rationale behind this purposeful reviewing the missions is that these are critical not only for bringing new infrastructure and improved services in urban areas, but they have the wide-spread impact to bring about a country-wide paradigm shift in urban development strategies, making it more inclusive and sustainable. All of the 20 lighthouse cities have included children in their interventions. Bhubaneswar’s proposal that was based on the vision of becoming India’s first child friendly smart city, has set an example for other aspiring cities. The Smart Cities Mission with its openness to new ideas has seen a number of innovative initiatives like all abilities parks, smart education, smart anganwadis etc. and an overall agenda to create livable cities; the mission has implicitly recognized healthy and happy children as a measure of a successful city. Similarly, with a mandate of developing children’s parks every year in all the mission cities, and identifying children as ambassadors of a Clean India, both AMRUT and Swachh Bharat Mission have given prominence to children in their own respective ways. This book is a result of the collective effort put in by the CFSC team, particularly Ishleen Kaur, who carried out this excellent research and Kanak Tiwari, Team Lead, CFSC, who has been the driving force behind the initiative’s meaningful research and knowledge dissemination. This is the best time to move beyond isolated initiatives to create a policy environment that recognizes children as equal stakeholders and users of cities. Longer and stronger strides are needed to make cities where growing up is fun. For a developing nation, it is imperative to put the spotlight on its developing generation, both fostering each other’s growth. India’s urban vision of creating smart, sustainable and livable cities for all is synonymous with creating child friendly cities. Jagan Shah Director, NIUA CHILDREN IN THE URBAN VISION OF INDIA vii Abbreviations AHP Affordable Housing in Partnership AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation AWC Anganwadi Centres BaLA Building as Learning Aid BLC Beneficiary Led Construction BvLF Bernard van Leer Foundation CFSC Child Friendly Smart Cities CLS Credit Linked Subsidy CSO Civil Society Organization GOI Government of India ECCE Early Childhood Care and Education HFA Housing For All HRIDAY Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana ICDS Integrated Child Development Services INR Indian National Rupees ISDSS Integrated Spatial Decision Support System MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs MoWCD Ministry of Women and Child Development NCTD National Capital Territory of Delhi NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NFHS National Family Health Survey NGO Non-governmental Organization NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs NMT Non Motorised Transport NSSO National Sample Survey Organisation NULM National Urban Livelihood Mission PMAY Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana PPPP Public Private People Partnership RFID Radio-Frequency Identification RIDE Recognize. Identify. Design. Engage SAAP State Annual Action Plan SBM Swachh Bharat Mission SCM Smart Cities Mission SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SLIP Service Level Improvement Plan TOD Transit Oriented Development UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund USD United States Dollars UT Union Territory WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WHO World Health Organization viii A Study of Children in Urban Missions of India About the document This document has been prepared by the “Child Friendly Smart Cities” initiative to undertake a fast track review of current urban programs being implemented in India and how they are facilitating the cities to be more focused on the needs of children. These children constitute a significant part of the urban population, yet are the most underrepresented section of the demography. This document reflects on four flagship missions of MoHUA: Smart Cities Mission, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Housing for All) and Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) and their contribution towards creating fulfilling and nurturing urban environments and cities that can be more sensitive towards the needs of children. The rationale to look at these four missions is that all these missions are critical to the infrastructure and services being built across the country. The document also presents an evaluation of projects and models of implementation adopted by the first 20 winning cities of the Smart Cities challenge. The evaluation comprises of studying specific projects and mission guidelines that contribute towards mainstreaming the needs of children into city planning, design and development. Lastly, good practices pertaining to children have been drawn out from the projects for every mission to understand their replicability and scalability. Emerging best practices highlited in this document can shape MOHD. DANISH MOHD. the understanding of cities in India and globally in creating cities for children using innovative planning and design strategies. We hope that this document would inspire change in the current urban planning and design discourse towards a more responsible and ‘children-responsive’ urban development in India. Kanak Tiwari Team Lead Ishleen Kaur Research Associate CHILDREN IN THE URBAN VISION OF INDIA ix A Child FContentsriendly City for me is... 3. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 40 3.1 Overview 41 3.2 Implementation progress of the mission 42 3.3 AMRUT Mission for children and families 43 3.4 Recommendations - fostering urban environment and infrastructure for children and families 49 Graphics by: Shubhajit Bagchi & Soumyajit Bagchi Tell us in one word ‘what you think a Child Friendly City for you is’. Pick one sticky note for one word. If you have
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