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Mineral Resources of Alaska

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Mineral Resources of Alaska UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director. Bulletin 868 MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA REPORT ON PROGRESS OF INVESTIGATIONS IN 1934 BY PHILIP S. SMITH AND OTHERS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICK WASHINGTON : 1937 CONTENTS [The letters in parentheses preceding the titles are those used to designate the papers for separate publication] Page (A) Mineral industry of Alaska in 1934, by P. S. Smith (published Jan. 25, 1936)_______._____________-_.--___-__________-_-__.----_--. 1 (B) Kodiak and vicinity, by S. R. Capps (published , 1937)__________ 93 (C) Upper Copper and Tanana Rivers, by F. H. Moffit (published Dec. 9, 1936)__._______.___________________________________________ 135 (D) The Kaiyuh Hills, by J. B. Mertie, Jr. (published Feb. 15, 1937)_._. 145 Selected list of Geological Survey publications on Alaska_______--__--__ la ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Topographic map of Kodiak and vicinity, Alaska. ___________ 96 ; 2. Geologic map of Kodiak and vicinity_______________________ 104 3. Geologic sketch map of northwestern part of Kodiak Island. __ 104 4. A, Graywacke beds near Crag Point, Sharatin Bay; B, Heavy alder brush at head of west arm of Ugak Bay__---___-_-__- 112 5. A, Contorted slates near Shakmanof Point; B, Concretionary f Mesozoic graywacke, Sharatin Bay _______________________ 113 6. .A, Miocene sandstone at Narrow Point; B, Postglacial gulches on south side of upper Ugak Bay_ _______________________ 128 7. Kodiak, Alaska, in August 1912, several months after the explo­ sion of Katmai Volcano _ ______________________________ 129 8. Sketch map of a part of the upper Copper River and Tanana River Basins_______-_.___-____________________________ 136 r 9. Geologic sketch map of the Kaiyuh Hills and part of the Ruby district- ______________________________________________ 158 . FIGURE 1. Trends of mineral production of Alaska, 1890-1934 __ ______ 8 2. Trend of value of gold production of Alaska, 1880-1934 __ __ 12 =, 3. Copper produced from Alaska mines, 1900-1934, and fluctua­ tions in the price of copper during that period __ _________ 66 4. Index map showing location of Kodiak Island ______________ 94 5. Areas on Kodiak Island in which timber occurs_____________ 102 6. Index map showing location of the Kaiyuh Hills_ ___________ 146 ii o The use of the subjoined mailing label to return this report will be official business, and no postage stamps will be required UNITED STATES PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PAYMENT OF POSTAGE. $300 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFFICIAL BUSINESS This label can be used only for returning official publications. The address must not "be changed. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C Please do not destroy or throw away this publication. If you have no further use for it write to the Geological Survey at Washington and ask for a frank to return it UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director *«*?*, Bulletin 868 A MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1934 BY PHILIP S. SMITH Mineral resources of Alaska, 1934 (Pages 1-91) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1936 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ------- Price 10 cents CONTENTS Page Mineral industry of Alaska in 1934--__-__-__--_-_--__-__--______-__- 1 Introduction __ ___________-_-_-__----__----__-__-_-._-__-___ 1 Acknowledgments..__________-_-----__-_-_-_-_-..----_-_-__-_-_ 4 Mineral production__________________________________________ 5 General features-________-________-__-__.__..__-__-____-___ 5 Total mineral production _-___-_-_-----__-__-_--________ 7 Gold__._-._ ___-___- - - ----------- _-- 10 General features._____________________________________ 10 Gold lodes.._____--.--__--.--_____________ 13 Gold placers..-__ ... _.__.- 26 General conditions._______________________________ 26 Production by districts-.----.-..---......______... 28 Southeastern Alaska_________________________ 29 Copper River region...________________________ 30 Cook Inlet-Susitna region... -____.___-__-___ 32 Yukon region ______________________________ 34 Kuskokwim region._ _________________________ 45 Seward Peninsula...__________________________ 47 Northwestern Alaska._-____----__-_-._________ 55 Dredging _____--_-.__-__---_ __._._.___.__. 56 Silver...______________-___-_-_--_-__-__-____________ 61 Copper._________._____-____---__-__-___-____.__._-______ 64 Lead....____-_--____--__-----_-__------__-_--_-_______ 68 Platinum metals.__-____--__--_--_-_--_--_-__-____________ 69 Tin......______..._--_.-----_--_----.--_---__------_...._ 71 Coal..___.-.__.__--..-._-------------------_---..__.-.. 72 Petroleum....-.-.- -- -- ... ... 77 Miscellaneous mineral products.____________________________ 79 Index._____ _ ___ 85 Selected list of Geological Survey publications on Alaska.._._-_.-._____ la ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Trends of mineral production of Alaska, 1890-1934._________ 8 2. Trend of value of gold production of Alaska, 1880-1934_ _ 12 3. Copper produced from Alaska mines, 1900-34, and fluctua­ tions in the price of copper during that period.___________ 66 n MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1934 By PHILIP S. SMITH INTRODUCTION The value of its mineral resources has long been recognized as a matter of concern in the welfare of every nation, and all wise govern­ ments almost from time immemorial have taken steps to find out about, utilize, and safeguard such of these natural resources as lie within their own boundaries or to acquire rights in those they need that lie outside those boundaries. Necessarily, therefore, the deter­ mination of a nation's potentialities and needs calls for information on a wide range of subjects and has diverse avenues of approach. Obviously one of these lines concerns itself with the record of present performance how much of the different mineral commodities is the country at present producing, where does this production come from, and what are the facts as to the current developments in the industry ? To answer some of these questions authoritatively is part of the work of the Alaskan branch of the Geological Survey, and answers to those questions for the year 1934 are given in the accompanying report. To be of more service, however, the current year's record is supple­ mented by records for earlier years, because in that way certain trends may be recognized which are not only of historical significance but are also useful in suggesting the course that the industry is likely to take in the future. This, then, is a continuing service that has been rendered by the Geological Survey from almost the earliest years that active mining has been in progress in Alaska, and the present report is the thirty-first of the series.2 To obtain the information recorded in these reports the Geological Survey, in addition to its other investigations of mineral resources, conducts an annual canvass of the entire mineral industry of Alaska. The collection of the facts requisite for the preparation of these 1 The canvass of producers, the tabulation of their replies, and general assistance in all phases of the office work connected with the preparation of the statistics set forth in this report have been carried through effectively by Kathleen S. Waldron, of the Alaskan branch of the U. S. Geological Survey. 3 The other volumes of this series, commencing with that for 1904, are Bulletins 259, 284, 314, 345, 379, 442, 480, 520, 542, 592, 622, 642, 662, 692, 712, 714, 722, 739, 755, 773, 783, 792, TO7, 810, 813, 824, 836, 844, 857, and 864. 491723 2 MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1934 annual statements involves difficulties, because the great size of the Territory, the diversity of its mineral products, and the large num­ ber but small size of many of the enterprises make it impracticable to gather all the desired information at first hand. The information used is therefore derived from many sources, which necessarily vary in reliability and completeness. Efforts are made, however, to reduce all the statements to a comparable basis and to give only those that appear to be well substantiated. Among the most reliable sources of information are the geologists and engineers who are sent out each year by the Geological Survey to conduct surveys in different parts of Alaska and who acquire not only much accurate information regarding the mineral production of the regions in which they work but also general information by contact with miners and operators in the course of their travels to and from the field. Members of other Government organizations for instance, the Bureau of Mines, the Bureau of the Mint, the Alaska Railroad, the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, and the Customs Service in the course of their regular duties collect many data which are extremely valu­ able in these studies and the use of which avoids unnecessary dupli­ cation in collecting records. Most of the banks, express companies, and other business organizations in Alaska collect for their own use data regarding mineral commodities of their particular districts. Some of these data are extremely pertinent to the general inquiry conducted by the Geological Survey, and through the cordial coopera­ tion of many of these companies important facts have been made available to the Survey, though some of this information is confi­ dential and is not released for publication. Most of the larger Alaska newspapers and certain papers published in the States that feature Alaska matters are courteously sent by their publishers to the Geological Survey, and from these and the technical and scientific periodicals are gleaned many items regarding new developments. In addition to all these sources the Geological Survey each year sends out hundreds of schedules one to every person or company known to be engaged in mining in Alaska on which are questions regarding the mining developments and production of each individ­ ual property during the year.
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