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Relationship Between Psychosocial and Environmental Factors and Preventive Health Behavior Practices in Jigawa State, Nigeria

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Relationship Between Psychosocial and Environmental Factors and Preventive Health Behavior Practices in Jigawa State, Nigeria RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE HEALTH BEHAVIOR PRACTICES IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA UPM HALADU HARUNA KAUGAMA COPYRIGHT © IPSS 2012 8 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE HEALTH BEHAVIOR PRACTICES IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA UPM By HALADU HARUNA KAUGAMA COPYRIGHT © Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2012 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the entire family of Sarki Jibo Kaugama, and to the memories of my parents and my colleagues (both academics and non-academics) at Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel UPM COPYRIGHT © ii Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE HEALTH BEHAVIOR PRACTICES IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA By HALADU HARUNA KAUGAMA September 2012 Chairman: Associate Professor Khairuddin Bin Idris, PhD UPM Faculty: Institute of Social Science Studies This study was designed to investigate the relationship between psychosocial and environmental factors and preventive health behavior practices in Jigawa state, Nigeria. The study examined these factors because of their influence on human behavior in relation to healthy decision making especially on how to avoid contracting HIV/AIDS. In this regard, a hypothesized conceptual model was developed to determine the relation of these factors and their level of variation in predicting preventive health decision. In this study the relationship of seven factors with level of influence on preventive health were examined. These factors are; HIV knowledge, self-efficacy, parent and peer influence, social support, cultural practices, radioCOPYRIGHT program and government policy. In order to attain this objective a descriptive and cross sectional survey method was designed and utilized. The data were © collected from 384 respondents who were randomly selected from twelve local government areas in the study area. Descriptive analysis, Pearson product- moment correlation, and Structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the data iii using Amos and SPSS software. Social cognitive theory framework and Social cognitive theory of mass communication were used to develop a model of relationship between psychological, social and environmental factors and preventive health behavior From the results of this study social support factor had the highest standardized regression weight (= .274, p= 0.000), thus it had a highest significant contribution in predicting the preventive health behavior. The study also revealed that there is a significant relationship between environmental variables (cultureUPM practices, radio program and government policy) (= .251, .262, & .216), The findings also indicated that the structural equation model indices shows that the model has good fit and further analysis revealed that those variables in the hypothesized model explained 68% of variance in preventive health behavior practices. In conclusion, and based on the result of this study it could be recommended that application of cultural perspective approach guided by proper government legislation should be adequately taken into account once it comes to designing, planning and implementation of policies regarding preventive health behavior promotion. COPYRIGHT © iv Abstrak tesis yang dikemukakan kepada Senat Universiti Putra Malaysia sebagai memenuhi keperluan untuk ijazah Doktor Falsafah HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR-FAKTOR PSIKOSOSIAL DAN ALAM SEKITAR DAN AMALAN PENCEGAHAN GELAGAT KESIHATAN DINEGERI JIGAWA, NIGERIA Oleh HALADU HARUNA KAUGAMA September 2012 UPM Pengerusi: Profesor Madya Khairuddin Bin Idris, PhD Fakulti: Institut Pengajian Sains Sosial Kajian ini telah direka untuk mengkaji hubungan antara faktor psikososial dan alam sekitar, dan amalan pencegahan tingkah laku perihal kesihatan dinegeri Jigawa, Nigeria. Kajian ini mengkaji faktor ini kerana pengaruh mereka ke atas tingkah laku manusia berkenaan membuat keputusan yang sihat terutama tentang cara mengelakkan daripada dijangkiti HIV/AIDS. Dalam hal ini, model konsep hipotesis telah dibangunkan untuk menentukan hubungan faktor ini dan tahap perubahan dalam meramalkan keputusan kesihatan pencegahan. Dalam kajian ini, hubungan tujuh faktor dengan tahap pengaruh ke atas kesihatan pencegahan telah diperiksa FaktorCOPYRIGHT ini adalah; pengetahuan HIV, keberkesanan diri, ibu bapa dan pengaruh rakan © sebaya, sokongan sosial, amalan budaya, programradio dan dasar kerajaan. Dalam usaha mencapai matlamat ini kaedah tinjauan deskriptif keratan rentas telah direka dan digunakan. Data dikumpul daripada 384 responden yang dipilih secara rawak daripada dua belas kawasan tempatan kerajaan dalam kawasankajian. Analisis v deskriptif, ujian, korelasi Pearson, dan model persamaan struktur telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data menggunakan Amos dan perisian SPSS. Teori kognitif sosial rangka kerja dan teori sosial kognitif komunikasi massa telah digunakan untuk membangunkan model hubungan antara faktor-faktor psikologi, sosial dan alam sekitar dan pencegahan tingkah laku rawa. Dari hasil kajian ini faktor sosial mempunyai berat regresi seragam tertinggi ( = 0.274, p = 0.000) dan oleh itu ia mempunyai sumbangan penting tertinggi dalam meramalkan tingkah laku kesihatan pencegahan. Kajian ini jugaUPM menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pembolehubah alam sekitar (budaya, radio program dan dasar kerajaan) ( = 0.251, .262 & .216), Dapatan juga menunjukkan bahawa model struktur indeks persamaan menunjukkan bahawa model mempunyai kepadanan yang baik dan analisis selanjutnya mendedahkan bahawa pembolehubah dalam model hipotesis menjelaskan 68% varians dalam amalan tingkah laku pencegahan kesihatan. Kesimpulan berdasarkan hasil kajian ini boleh mengesyorkan bahawa penggunaan pendekatan perspektif budaya, dipandu oleh undang-undang kerajaan yang betul perlu secukupnya diambil kira dalam perancangan reka bentuk, dan pelaksanaan dasarCOPYRIGHT mengenai kesihatan pencegahan promosi tingkah laku © vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First all praise is to THE ALMIGHTY ALLAH (S.W.T). The Most Gracious, Most Merciful and Sustainer of this Universe, peace be upon His Prophet Muhammad (SAW). All my thanks and gratitude is due to ALLAH (S.W.T), for giving me this opportunity, strength and patience to complete my PhD. This thesis has been challenging, and sometime interest and this study would not have reached this stage without the inspiration and support of many people. Therefore, I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to them individual and collectively as follows.UPM I would like to particularly express my profound grateful to the members of my supervisor committee. Special thanks go to Associate Professor Dr Khairuddin Bin Idris, who has always been professionally objective and critical for this work. His expertise and questions are fruitful to the conclusion of this thesis. Thank you Prof. for being such an outstanding and supportive mentor I am also deeply indebted to Professor Dr Jegak Uli Anak for his invaluable support from day one of my studentship in UPM to the final conclusion, particularly his expertise in statistical analysis and data interpretations. I want to also express my sincere gratitude and thanks to Datin Dr Jamilah Othman for her philosophical observations without which the work could not have been completed. I appreciate the time and advises you have givenCOPYRIGHT me, which have made my thesis what its today, © My special thanks to the entire family of Sarki Jibo Kaugama for their continued emotional support, encouragement, love and endless prayers I cannot sufficiently express my gratitude for your support and help especially Alhaji Haruna Kaugama, vii Alhaji Musa Jibo (Dan Madamin Kaugama), and Hajiya Bilk. To my Uncle, Aunties, Cousins, brothers and sisters, my loving thanks for your understanding and prayers. I would like to acknowledge the support and well wishes from colleagues, friends and family friends, especially Malam Ibrahim Danjumma Kaugama, Dr Ya’u H.Usman, Dr Umar Saje, Dr Ali Abdullahi Taura, Aminu Usman Danzomo, Aminu Safana, Babangida Usman (Jamus), and all staff of Jigawa State College of Education,Gumel. I would like to give special thanks to Malam Bashir Sabo Babura,Alhaji Isyaku Shehu Dutse, Malam Ya’u Ado Karkarna,AlhajiUPM Shuaibu Garba Taura, Gabajo Yarima, Saleh Yahaya Guri, and Malam Muhammad Musa Birniwa for their invaluable assistance in collecting my data my sincere thanks to all of you, and May Allah (SWT) blessed you. I would like to express my appreciation to all respondents who had participated in this study. My Thanks also goes to all the staffs of the Institute of Social Studies (IPSAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia more especially Ms Norazian Nga Bidin and Hilyana Mokhtar for facilitating the process of submitting my thesis and translating the abstract to Bahasa Malayu. A special note of thanks to my Provost Dr Dahiru Abdulkadir, His Deputy Abdullahi A. Magama, and Academic Secretary Nasiru U.Ringim for their distinguish roles in processingCOPYRIGHT and securing my approval for the scholarship to pursue my doctoral program. I am also indebted to Tertiary Education Tax Fund (TETFUND), Abuja © Nigeria for supporting this study financially. Finally, I wish to express my deepest gratitude, and appreciation to my loving Wife Hajiya Hauwa
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