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Interim Capacity Building for Operators of Microfinance Banks
Central Bank of Nigeria INTERIM CAPACITY BUILDING WORKSHOP FOR OPERATORS OF MICROFINACE BANKS IN NIGERIA The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is organizing a capacity building workshop for operators of licensed Microfinance Banks in Nigeria. There will be four runs of 3 days each from 1st to 13th September, 2008. The workshop will be held concurrently in eight centres as detailed below: AWKA CENTRE: Venue: Choice Hotel, 71, Arthur Eze Avenue, Awka, Anambra State. Institutions: S/N NAME OF MFB ADDRESS STATE ADAZI ANI TOWN HALL, ADAZI ANI, ANAOCHA LGA, 1 AACB MFB ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA NKWOR MARKET SQUARE, ADAZI-ENU, ANAOCHA 2 ADAZI-ENU MFB LGA, ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA AKPO JUNCTION, AKPO AGUATA LGA, ANAMBRA 3 AKPO MFB STATE ANAMBRA CIVIC CENTRE COMPLEX, ADAZI-ENU, ANAOCHA 4 BESTWAY MFB LGA, ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA NO 1 MISSION ROAD EKWULOBIA P.M.B.24 AGUTA, 5 EKWULOBIA MFB ANAMBRA ANAMBRA 1 BANK ROAD UMUCHU, AGUATA L.G.A, ANAMBRA 6 EQUINOX MFB STATE ANAMBRA AFOR IGWE UMUDIOKA, DUNUKOFIA LGA, ANAMBRA 7 EZEBO MFB STATE ANAMBRA KM 6, ONITHSA OKIGWE RD., ICHI, EKWUSIGO LGA, 8 ICHI MFB ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA NNOBI/EKWULOBIA ROAD, IGBOUKWU, ANAMBRA 9 IGBO-UKWU MFB STATE ANAMBRA 10 IHIALA MFB BANK HOUSE, ORLU ROAD, IHIALA, ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA EKWUSIGO PARK, ISUOFIA-NNEWI ROAD, ISUOFIA, 11 ISUOFIA MFB ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA ZONE 16, NO.6-9, MAIN MARKET, NKWO-NNEWI, 12 MBAWULU MFB ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA STATE SECRETARIAT, GOVERNMENT HOUSE, AWKA, 13 NDIOLU MFB ANAMBRA STATE ANAMBRA NGENE-OKA MARKET SQ., ALONG AMAWBIA/AGULU 14 NICE MFB ROAD, NISE, AWKA SOUTH -
Ondo Code: 28 Lga:Akokok North/East Code:01 Name of Registration Area Name of Reg
INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC) STATE: ONDO CODE: 28 LGA:AKOKOK NORTH/EAST CODE:01 NAME OF REGISTRATION AREA NAME OF REG. AREA COLLATION NAME OF REG. AREA CENTRE S/N CODE (RA) CENTRE (RACC) (RAC) 1 EDO 1 01 EMMANUEL PRI.SCHEDO EMMANUEL PRI.SCHEDO 2 EKAN 11 02 SALEM A/C PRI.SCH EKAN SALEM A/C PRI.SCH EKAN 3 IKANDO 1 03 OSABL L.A P/SCH IKANDO OSABL L.A P/SCH IKANDO 4 IKANDO 11 04 MUSLIM P/SCH ESHE MUSLIM P/SCH ESHE 5 ILEPA 1 05 ST MICHEAL CAC P/SCH ILEPA ST MICHEAL CAC P/SCH ILEPA 6 ILEPA 11 06 ST GREGORY PRI.SCH ILEPA ST GREGORY PRI.SCH ILEPA 7 ISOWOPO 1 07 ST MARK PRI.SCH IBOROPA ST MARK PRI.SCH IBOROPA 8 ISOWOPO 11 08 ST ANDREW PRI.SCH AKUNU ST ANDREW PRI.SCH AKUNU 9 IYOMEFA 1 09 A.U.D PRI.SCH IKU A.U.D PRI.SCH IKU 10 IYOMEFA 11 10 ST MOSES CIS P/SCH OKORUN ST MOSES CIS P/SCH OKORUN 11 OORUN 1 11 EBENEZER A/C P/SCHOSELE EBENEZER A/C P/SCHOSELE 12 OORUN 11 12 A.U.D. P/SCH ODORUN A.U.D. P/SCH ODORUN 13 OYINMO 13 ST THOMAS RCM OYINMO ST THOMAS RCM OYINMO TOTAL LGA:AKOKO N/WEST CODE:02 NAME OF REGISTRATION AREA NAME OF REG. AREA COLLATION NAME OF REG. AREA CENTRE S/N CODE (RA) CENTRE (RACC) (RAC) 1 ARIGIDI IYE 1 01 COURT HALL ARIGIDI COURT HALL ARIGIDI 2 ARIGIDI 11 02 ST JAMES SCH IMO ST JAMES SCH IMO 3 OKE AGBE 03 ST GOERGE P/SCH OKEAGBE ST GOERGE P/SCH OKEAGBE 4 OYIN/OGE 04 COMM.P/SCH OKE AGBE COMM.P/SCH OKE AGBE 5 AJOWA/ILASI/ERITI/GEDE 05 AJOWA T/HALL AJOWA T/HALL 6 OGBAGI 06 AUD P.SCH OGBAC-I AUD P.SCH OGBAC-I 7 OKEIRUN/SURULERE 07 ST BENEDICTS OKERUN ST BENEDICTS OKERUN 8 ODOIRUN/OYINMO 08 COURT HALL ODO IRUN COURT HALL ODO IRUN 9 ESE/AFIN 09 ADO UGBO GRAM.SCH AFIN ADO UGBO GRAM.SCH AFIN 10 EBUSU/IKARAM/IBARAM 10 COURT HALL IKARAM COURT HALL IKARAM TOTAL LGA:AKOKOK SOUTH EAST CODE:03 NAME OF REGISTRATION AREA NAME OF REG. -
YELLOW FEVER SITUATION REPORT Report of Yellow Fever Cases in 14 States Serial Number 010: Epi-Week 4 (As at 29 January 2021)
YELLOW FEVER SITUATION REPORT Report of Yellow fever Cases in 14 States Serial Number 010: Epi-Week 4 (as at 29 January 2021) HIGHLIGHTS ▪ The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) is currently responding to reports of yellow fever cases in 14 states - Akwa Ibom, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Delta, Ebonyi, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Kogi, Osun, Oyo, Plateau and Taraba States From the 14 States ▪ In the last week (weeks 4, 2021) ‒ Four new confirmed cases were reported from National Reference Laboratory (NRL) from 2 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Benue - [Okpokwu (3), Ado (1) ‒ Thirteen presumptive positive cases were reported from NRL [Benue (6)] and Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) from [Enugu (6), Oyo (1)] ‒ One new LGA reported a confirmed case from Ado (1) in Benue State, ‒ No new death was recorded among confirmed cases ▪ Cumulatively from epi-week 24, 2020 – epi-week 4, 2021 ‒ A total of 1,502 suspected cases with 179 presumptive positive cases have been reported from 34 LGAs across 14 States from the Nigeria Laboratories ‒ Out of the 1,502 suspected, 161 confirmed cases [Delta-63 Ika North-East (48), Aniocha-South(6), Ika South (4), Oshimili South (2), Oshimili North(1), Ukwuani(1), Ndokwa West (1)], [Enugu-53 Enugu East (4), Enugu North (1), Igbo-Etiti (6), Igbo-Eze North(13), Isi-Uzo (15), Nkanu West (3) Nsukka(8), Udenu (3)], [Benue-17 (Ogbadibo (12), Okpokwu (4), Ado (1)], [Bauchi-9 Ganjuwa (8), Darazo (1)], [Borno-6 Gwoza(1), Hawul (1), Jere (2), Shani (1), Maiduguri (1)], [Ebonyi-3 Ohaukwu (3)], [Oyo-3), Ibarapa North East (1), Ibarapa North (2)], [Gombe-1 Akko (1)], [Imo-1 Owerri North(1)], [Kogi-1 Lokoja (1)], [Plateau- 1 Langtang North (1)], [Taraba-1 Jalingo (1)], [Akwa Ibom-1 Uyo(1)] and [Osun-1 Ilesha East (1)]. -
SIGNIFICANCE of ANIMAL MOTIFS in INDIGENOUS ULI BODY and WALL PAINTINGS Nkiruka Jane Uju Nwafor Department of Fine and Applied A
Mgbakoigba, Journal of African Studies. Vol. 8, No. 1. June 2019 SIGNIFICANCE OF ANIMAL MOTIFS IN INDIGENOUS ULI BODY AND WALL PAINTINGS… Nkiruka Jane Uju Nwafor SIGNIFICANCE OF ANIMAL MOTIFS IN INDIGENOUS ULI BODY AND WALL PAINTINGS Nkiruka Jane Uju Nwafor Department of Fine and Applied Arts Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. [email protected] This article explores the significance of animal motifs in traditional Uli body and wall paintings. A critical assessment and understanding of the philosophical import of animals in African concept of existence is vital for an in-depth appreciation of their (animals’) symbols in indigenous African artworks. This paper attempts to a draw parallel between traditional beliefs concerning certain animals among the Igbo of south-eastern Nigeria and motifs derived from indigenous Uli body and wall painting. In essence, the article sees animal motifs in Uli body and wall paintings as playing an aesthetic as well as metaphysical roles. Hence I argue that local nuances of religiosity and spirituality have historically imbued the animals with a heightened sense of sacredness in some Igbo communities thus allowing the animals to occupy a mystical space in Igbo cosmology. Introduction The pre-colonial system of knowledge transmission in Africa was not only through oral literature but also through the varied artistic traditions that survived from one generation to the other. The rich heritage of ancient Egyptian arts (including the hieroglyphs), the numerous Neolithic rock paintings and engravings found in Northern Africa, which dates back to 5000 and 2000 BCE respectively were mainly symbolic of vital occurrences of the past, documented through art (Getlein 2002: 335). -
The Igbo Traditional Food System Documented in Four States in Southern Nigeria
Chapter 12 The Igbo traditional food system documented in four states in southern Nigeria . ELIZABETH C. OKEKE, PH.D.1 . HENRIETTA N. ENE-OBONG, PH.D.1 . ANTHONIA O. UZUEGBUNAM, PH.D.2 . ALFRED OZIOKO3,4. SIMON I. UMEH5 . NNAEMEKA CHUKWUONE6 Indigenous Peoples’ food systems 251 Study Area Igboland Area States Ohiya/Ohuhu in Abia State Ubulu-Uku/Alumu in Delta State Lagos Nigeria Figure 12.1 Ezinifite/Aku in Anambra State Ede-Oballa/Ukehe IGBO TERRITORY in Enugu State Participating Communities Data from ESRI Global GIS, 2006. Walter Hitschfield Geographic Information Centre, McGill University Library. 1 Department of 3 Home Science, Bioresources Development 5 Nutrition and Dietetics, and Conservation Department of University of Nigeria, Program, UNN, Crop Science, UNN, Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria 4 6 2 International Centre Centre for Rural Social Science Unit, School for Ethnomedicine and Development and of General Studies, UNN, Drug Discovery, Cooperatives, UNN, Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria Nigeria Photographic section >> XXXVI 252 Indigenous Peoples’ food systems | Igbo “Ndi mba ozo na-azu na-anwu n’aguu.” “People who depend on foreign food eventually die of hunger.” Igbo saying Abstract Introduction Traditional food systems play significant roles in maintaining the well-being and health of Indigenous Peoples. Yet, evidence Overall description of research area abounds showing that the traditional food base and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples are being eroded. This has resulted in the use of fewer species, decreased dietary diversity due wo communities were randomly to household food insecurity and consequently poor health sampled in each of four states: status. A documentation of the traditional food system of the Igbo culture area of Nigeria included food uses, nutritional Ohiya/Ohuhu in Abia State, value and contribution to nutrient intake, and was conducted Ezinifite/Aku in Anambra State, in four randomly selected states in which the Igbo reside. -
Nigeria's Constitution of 1999
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 constituteproject.org Nigeria's Constitution of 1999 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 Table of contents Preamble . 5 Chapter I: General Provisions . 5 Part I: Federal Republic of Nigeria . 5 Part II: Powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . 6 Chapter II: Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy . 13 Chapter III: Citizenship . 17 Chapter IV: Fundamental Rights . 20 Chapter V: The Legislature . 28 Part I: National Assembly . 28 A. Composition and Staff of National Assembly . 28 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of National Assembly . 29 C. Qualifications for Membership of National Assembly and Right of Attendance . 32 D. Elections to National Assembly . 35 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 36 Part II: House of Assembly of a State . 40 A. Composition and Staff of House of Assembly . 40 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of House of Assembly . 41 C. Qualification for Membership of House of Assembly and Right of Attendance . 43 D. Elections to a House of Assembly . 45 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 47 Chapter VI: The Executive . 50 Part I: Federal Executive . 50 A. The President of the Federation . 50 B. Establishment of Certain Federal Executive Bodies . 58 C. Public Revenue . 61 D. The Public Service of the Federation . 63 Part II: State Executive . 65 A. Governor of a State . 65 B. Establishment of Certain State Executive Bodies . -
Affixes and Tone in Aguata Igbo: a Critical Appraisal
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 6, Ver.12 (June. 2017) PP 27-33 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Affixes and Tone in Aguata Igbo: A Critical Appraisal Chinwe E. Obianika Department of Linguistics and Literary Studies, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Abstract: This work sets out to investigate the behavior of tone in the affixes involved in the formation of three aspects in Aguata Igbo. The dialect group comprises of three main dialects; Amaiyi, Orumba and Aguata. Three respondents are selected to represent each dialect. The data are collected through personal interview and analyzed descriptively to find out how these aspects are realized in each dialect to ascertain their level of similarities and differences. In the findings, there are variations both in the affixes and in the tone patterns indicating that they are different (though related) dialects of the Igbo language, contrary to popular notion that they all speak the same dialect. Keywords: dialect, verb forms, tone, aspect, Igbo language I. INTRODUCTION Aguata is a geographical area that was mapped out as an administrative area in the pre-independent Nigeria and became a local government area during the Obasanjo regime of the 1970s. It is bounded on the north and west by the old Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra State and on the east by Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State. There are about forty nine autonomous communities that make up this region. They include but not limited to Ụmụuchu, Achina, Mkpologwu, Akpo, Enugwu-Ụmụọnyịa, Agbụdụ, Amesi, Ụmụọmakụ, Ụmụalaọma, Ekwuluọbịa, Oko, Isuọfịa, Igboukwu, Agụlụezechukwu, Nanka, Ụga, Ezinifite, Ụmụọna, Ikenga, One, Awgbụ, Ufuma, Ajali and so on. -
Grain Price Seasonality in Kebbi State, Nigeria Patrick Hatzenbuehler, George Mavrotas, Mohammad Abubakar Maikasuwa, and Abdulrahaman Aliyu
STRATEGY SUPPORT PROGRAM | POLICY NOTE 47 | July 2018 Synopsis: Grain price seasonality in Kebbi state, Nigeria Patrick Hatzenbuehler, George Mavrotas, Mohammad Abubakar Maikasuwa, and Abdulrahaman Aliyu RESEARCH OVERVIEW will readjust that price back toward its prior level. Recent studies found the extent of food price Hence, trade stabilizes prices. seasonality in sub-Saharan Africa to be two to Likewise, storage, which allows supply in the three times greater than that observed on global current period to be carried over to the next, can markets. This implies that, despite decades of stabilize prices, but only under certain conditions. market liberalization in many countries, there Storage can reduce the probability of a steep price remains much progress to be made to improve decline because consumers and traders increase general food marketing conditions throughout purchases of grain to place into storage as prices Africa. This issue deserves research because the decline. Similarly, storage can also reduce the movements of prices during a crop year influence likelihood of price spikes, since traders and farmers the consumption decisions of households, the will sell their stored stocks when prices are rising – production decisions of farmers, and the marketing there is a lower likelihood of a steep rise in prices decisions of traders.1 if there are stocks in storage available to sell. A practical matter that emerges from these However, the ability to prevent price spikes is observations is what is the proper scale at which to conditional on the availability of stocks to sell and study the issue so that policy interventions can be the ability of traders and farmers to facilitate trade. -
NIGERIA, YEAR 2018: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 February 2020
NIGERIA, YEAR 2018: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 February 2020 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 22 February 2020; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 NIGERIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 FEBRUARY 2020 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Violence against civilians 705 566 2853 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 474 373 2470 Development of conflict incidents from 2009 to 2018 2 Protests 427 3 3 Riots 213 61 154 Methodology 3 Strategic developments 117 3 4 Conflict incidents per province 4 Explosions / Remote 100 84 759 violence Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 2036 1090 6243 Disclaimer 8 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 22 February 2020). Development of conflict incidents from 2009 to 2018 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 22 February 2020). 2 NIGERIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 FEBRUARY 2020 Methodology on what level of detail is reported. Thus, towns may represent the wider region in which an incident occured, or the provincial capital may be used if only the province The data used in this report was collected by the Armed Conflict Location & Event is known. -
Oja Representational Objects in Yewaland, Ogun State, Nigeria Ayedun Matthew Kolawole Ab
African Scholar VOL. 18 NO. 6 Publications & ISSN: 2110-2086 Research SEPTEMBER, 2020 International African Scholar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (JHSS-6) Study of Forms and Functions of Esu – Oja Representational Objects in Yewaland, Ogun State, Nigeria Ayedun Matthew Kolawole Fine and Applied Arts Department, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Tai Solarin College of Education, Omu – Ijebu Abstract The representational images such as pots, rattles, bracelets, stones, cutlasses, wooden combs, staffs, mortals, brooms, etc. are religious and its significance for the worshippers were that they had faith in it. The denominator in the worship of all gods and spirits everywhere is faith. The power of an image was believed to be more real than that of a living being. The Yoruba appear to be satisfied with the gods with whom they are in immediate touch because they believe that when the Orisa have been worshipped, they will transmit what is necessary to Olodumare. This paper examines the traditional practices of the people of Yewa and discovers why Esu is market appellate. It focuses on the classifications of the forms and functions of Esu-Oja representational objects in selected towns in Yewaland. Keywords: appellate, classifications, divinities, fragment, forms, images, libations, mystical powers, Olodumare, representational, sacred, sacrifices, shrine, spirit archetype, transmission and transformation. Introduction Yewa which was formally called there are issues of intra-regional “Egbado” is located on Nigeria’s border conflicts that call for urgent attention. with the Republic of Benin. Yewa claim The popular decision to change the common origin from Ile-Ife, Oyo, ketu, Egbado name according to Asiwaju and Benin. -
Land Accessibility Characteristics Among Migrants in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 2(1): 1-12, 2017; Article no.ARJASS.30086 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Land Accessibility Characteristics among Migrants in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria Gbenga John Oladehinde 1* , Kehinde Popoola 1, Afolabi Fatusin 2 and Gideon Adeyeni 1 1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria. 2Department of Geography and Planning Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out collaboratively by all authors. Author GJO designed the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors KP and AF supervised the preparation of the first draft of the manuscript and managed the literature searches while author GA led and managed the data analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARJASS/2017/30086 Editor(s): (1) Raffaela Giovagnoli, Pontifical Lateran University, Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano 4, Rome, Italy. (2) Sheying Chen, Social Policy and Administration, Pace University, New York, USA. Reviewers: (1) F. Famuyiwa, University of Lagos, Nigeria. (2) Lusugga Kironde, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/17570 Received 16 th October 2016 Accepted 14 th January 2017 Original Research Article st Published 21 January 2017 ABSTRACT Aim: The study investigated challenges of land accessibility among migrants in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Data were obtained through questionnaire administration on a Migrant household head. Multistage sampling technique was used for selection of 161 respondents for the study. -
Evaluation of Fungi Species from Commercial Yoghurts in Birnin
Equity Journal of Science and Technology, 2019 6(1): 72 -77 ISSN; 2354 – 1814 EQUIJOST An Official Publication of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria Evaluation of Fungi Species from Commercial Yoghurts in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State Nigeria *1Keta, J.N., 2Suberu, H.A., 3Aliero, A.A., 4Mohammed, N.K., 1Anas, H., 1Mubarak, A. 1Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria 2Department of Biological Science, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria 3Department of Biological Science Federal University, Kalgo, Kebbi State, Nigeria 4Department of Microbiology, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero *Corresponding author Email; [email protected]; Abstract Yoghurt is frequently taken as a drink or prepared together with Fura in the northern part of Nigeria due to the quality of nutrients present. Five different commercial Yoghurts, namely Hamdala, Rufaida, Gamji, Alhilal and Batulah were purchased from distributors in Birnin Kebbi metropolis. Using culture growth medium (Potato dextrose Agar) and poured plate method, the fungi species present were analyzed. A total of five (5) fungal species were isolated and identified from the samples. These include Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium, Fusarium species and Mucor species. The results obtained from the samples analyzed showed that the Yoghurts samples had fungal load in the range of 1.2 x 105 (as the lowest fungal count in Gamji and Hamdala Yoghurts) and 8.0 x 106 (as the highest fungal count in Batula, Alhalal and Rufaida yoghurts). The highest levels of fungal species identified from this study could be attributed to poor processing method, environment, equipment used and preservation method adopted by these industries.