Alexander Gerst Horizons – a Journey of Discovery for Science and Society Horizons – Devising Solutions for the Challenges of the Future

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Alexander Gerst horizons – a journey of discovery for science and society horizons – devising solutions for the challenges of the future

Alexander Gerst’s launch to the International Space Station (ISS) on Key facts 6 June 2018 for his mission ‘horizons – Knowledge for Tomorrow’ will mark the start of his second mission to work on the largest in- Mission: horizons – Knowledge for Tomorrow ternational technology project in the history of humankind. In this Number of German experiments: approximately 50 scientific laboratory, the major spacefaring nations are joining forces Astronaut: Alexander Gerst (born 3 May 1976 in Künzelsau) to develop solutions for the global challenges of our society: ‘Health, Environment and Climate Change’, as well as ‘Digitalisa- Launch to ISS: 6 June 2018 ‘Reaching new horizons and conquering them from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan tion, Industry 4.0, Energy Supply and Mobility of Tomorrow’. Ger- is what drives us humans. The ISS gives us the many is, amongst the European member states, the most important opportunity to leave our ‘spaceship Earth’. Mission duration: expected to be 187 days partner for the other nations involved in the ISS – the United States, The Space Station is not just a one-of-a-kind Docking: 8 June 2018 Russia, Japan and Canada. All German contributions to the Space laboratory, but also the first spacecraft that Station are coordinated and managed by the German Aerospace shows us how to live together in a multicul- Hatch opening: 8 June 2018 tural community beyond our planet Earth. For Center (DLR) Space Administration in Bonn on behalf of the German me, horizons is also the perfect continuation federal government, in coordination with the international ISS part- of my Blue Dot mission, for which the focus Andrew Jay Feustel, Commander ners. In addition to science, the Space Station also provides oppor- was on our blue planet. With horizons, I am Crew Expedition 56 tunities for commercialisation. Germany’s participation in the ISS has looking forward to broadening my horizons Oleg Germanovich Artemyev a direct effect on its economy. A cost-benefit analysis by the ac- even further.’ Richard R. Arnold counting firm Price Waterhouse Coopers confirms: every euro in- Alexander Gerst, vested provides a return of one euro. In addition, the ISS is a driver first German commander of the ISS Alexander Gerst Commander of innovation for new branches of industry and technologies, such Serena Maria Auñón-Chancellor as laser communications, robotics and sensor technology. For Ger- many as an exporting nation and a hub of high technology and Sergei Prokopiev science, research on the ISS represents an investment in the future, Alexey Ovchinin and, at the same time, is a source of inspiration for the next genera- tions in science and industry. German ESA astronaut Alexander Nikolai Tikhonov Gerst’s horizons mission strengthens Germany’s position as a hub of Tyler N. Hague Crew Expedition 57 science and innovation, and makes the Federal Republic one of the most intensive users and beneficiaries of the scientific equipment on Return to Earth: scheduled for 10 December 2018 board the International Space Station, turning ‘science fiction’ into ‘science facts’.

DLR.de/en/horizons

2 5 Ready for the mission: the crew of Expedition 56/57 with Serena Maria Auñón-Chancellor, Sergei Prokopyev and Alexander Gerst (from left to right) posing in their Sokol spacesuits during a visit to the Russian Star City. Volker Schmid/DLR Volker horizons – first German commander for humankind's outpost in space Key facts Mission: horizons – Knowledge for Tomorrow Number of German experiments: approximately 50 Since its inception, the International Space Station has been a symbol Astronaut: Alexander Gerst (born 3 May 1976 in Künzelsau) of international understanding and peaceful coexistence. Six astronauts from different nations live and work together on humanity’s Launch to ISS: 6 June 2018 ‘Reaching new horizons and conquering them from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan outpost in space approximately 400 kilometres above Earth, united is what drives us humans. The ISS gives us the by a major goal – to improve life on our planet. From early June opportunity to leave our ‘spaceship Earth’. Mission duration: expected to be 187 days 2018, Alexander Gerst will be one of these six astronauts. The Ger- The Space Station is not just a one-of-a-kind Docking: 8 June 2018 man ESA astronaut will remain on the ISS for 187 days, and during laboratory, but also the first spacecraft that the second half of his mission, he will lead this international space shows us how to live together in a multicul- Hatch opening: 8 June 2018 tural community beyond our planet Earth. For community as commander – similar to the captain of a ship. In this me, horizons is also the perfect continuation role, for the first time taken up by a German, he will be responsible of my Blue Dot mission, for which the focus Andrew Jay Feustel, Commander for the safety of the crew, help to resolve conflicts, and work inten- was on our blue planet. With horizons, I am Crew Expedition 56 sively with the flight director on the ground. In the event of an emer- looking forward to broadening my horizons Oleg Germanovich Artemyev gency, he will decide on the rescue measures to be taken – up to and even further.’ Richard R. Arnold including aborting the mission and returning to Earth prematurely. In Alexander Gerst, order to successfully master this high responsibility job, he has under- first German commander of the ISS Alexander Gerst Commander gone intense training at the Yuri Gagarin Training Centre near Mos- Serena Maria Auñón-Chancellor cow and in the US space agency NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. But during his mission, Gerst will be more than a com- Sergei Prokopiev mander – he will also be a researcher, craftsman, ‘port master’ and Alexey Ovchinin teacher. Before he departs to the Space Station, his tasks will be de- fined and he will undergo the respective training; this will prepare Nikolai Tikhonov him for knowing what to do in every experiment, how to check and, Tyler N. Hague Crew Expedition 57 if necessary, change water circuits and valves, and how to dock cargo spacecraft. In addition, he has learned to provide inspiration to chil- Return to Earth: scheduled for 10 December 2018 dren and young people about space.

DLR.de/en/horizons

3 4 5 Payload 58,464 orbits of Earth in 10 years 9000 1 Earth observation Columbus Education 26 10,300 kg kg 19,300 kg 31 Biology A B C

151 14 Human physiology experiments Technology 41 according to demonstration discipline 20 Physics 18 The Columbus laboratory – Materials research the heart of European space research

Other The Columbus laboratory was launched to space on 7 February 370 75 820 2008 and has been the scientific heart of European research on 82 the International Space Station for more than 10 years. In micro- 84 87 gravity, researchers can gain unique insights to find solutions to 123 the global challenges of our society: ‘Health, Environment and 2913 Climate Change’, ‘Digitalisation, Industry 4.0, Energy and Mobility 128 scientists involved of Tomorrow’. DLR has overseen the development and production 131 457 of the ISS module on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA), 155 164 237 is actively involved with experiments at the research level and 6.9 m length manages operations from the Columbus Control Centre in Ober pfaffenhofen. The final assembly of the European module was carried out at Airbus in Bremen. 4.5 m diameter The diagrams shown here refer to the period from February 2008 to February 2018. 3 DLR.de/en/columbus 75 m 800 terabytes total of scientific data, transmitted using 3 the Data Management System 25 m (equivalent to a 30-metre-high tower of DVDs ) payload

6 11 Flumias

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Cold Atoms Lab MYOTONES Immuno-2 MYOTONES

PK-4Flumias TRANSPARENTGene Control Prime TRANSPARENT CIMON Flumias Gene Control Prime

CompGranMYOTONES ColdImmuno-2 Atoms Lab Cold Atoms Lab MagVector/MFX-2 MYOTONES Immuno-2

TRANSPARENT Gene Control Prime CIMONBildung PK-4 PK-4 ICARUS FlumiasGene Control Prime ICARUS: Zvezda FlumiasCIMON Soft Matter Dynamics/CompGran: Tiny ICARUS transmitters attached to wildlife collect FLUMIAS: Flumias To better process bulk goods such as sand or grain, the behaviour of data on the migration behaviour of animals such as The FLUMIAS 3D fluorescence microscope will make it possible – for the first time – to Cold Atoms Lab Immuno-2 such moving granular media (CompGran) is examined under micro- birds, bats or flying foxes, and send it to the ISS. observe processes in living cells under microgravity conditions in real time and outline CallMagVector/MFX-2 horizons – CompGran gravity conditions in the Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL) as part of the The antenna is mounted on the outside of the their changes. TRANSPARENT CompGran ‘Soft Matter Dynamics’ experiment. Russian Zvezda module and the computer is SUPVIS-Justin DLR.de/en/horizons/flumias Where will the highlights from housed inside. MYOTONESImmuno-2 DLR.de/en/horizons/compgran MYOTONESMagVector/MFX-2 Immuno-2: DLR.de/en/horizons/icarus German industry and research take place? MYOTONES Destiny Immuno-2 examines the weakening of the immune system caused by stress in astro- CIMON PK-4 nauts and people on Earth in order to develop effective countermeasures. ExperimenteICARUS Kibo Bildung Bildung Columbus CIMON: Cold Atoms Lab Photobioreaktor DLR.de/en/horizons/immuno2 CIMON is a type of ‘flying brain’ – an autonomously acting astronaut assistant. Equipped TRANSPARENT GeneTRANSPARENTCIMON Control Prime with Artificial Intelligence (AI), this globally unique technology demonstration supports GeneICARUS Control Prime CO2 O2 CO O the work of the astronauts on the ISS. Gene Control Prime 2 2 Gene Control Prime: DLR.de/en/horizons/cimon The Gene Control Prime experimental series is investigating the epigenetic causes of MagVector/MFX-2 CompGran SUPVIS-Justin immunodeficiency in microgravity. Beschützer der Erde Call Call DLR.de/en/horizons/gene-control-prime METERON SUPVIS Justin: PK-4 EML/TRANSPARENT: Cold Atoms Lab MagVector/MFX-2 In METERON SUPVIS Justin, astronauts on the ISS assign complex exploration tasks to a Using the EML installation in the Immuno-2SUPVIS-JustinCold Atoms Lab robot via a tablet PC, which their humanoid ‘colleague’ can then, largely independently, European Drawer Rack (EDR) of Immuno-2 carry out on Earth − an important experiment for future industrial production. the Columbus module and Cold Atoms Lab: DLR.de/en/horizons/supvis-justin ICARUS TRANSPARENT-1 in the Destiny Bildung Thanks to the Cold Atoms Lab (CAL), long-term basic experiments can be carried out Photobioreaktor Zeitkapsel module, the properties of molten for the first time on ultra-cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in Experimente CompGran TRANSPARENT Experimente metals and alloys – such as microgravity in the US Destiny laboratory module. ICARUS DLR.de/en/horizons/cal Time capsule: CO O PK-4viscosity, surface tension and CIMON 2 2 CO2 O2 CIMONPhotobioreaktorPK-4 A time capsule will be a special guest on board the ISS. It stores important information Flumias crystal growth – can be examined of our time and photographs of the everyday lives of many people, as well as numerous CIMON under microgravity conditions. PBR photobioreactor:

wishes of schoolchildren from across Germany. TheCO PBR2 photobioreactor O2 CO is for O the first time preparing for the use of a hybrid life- SUPVIS-Justin 2 2 DLR.de/en/horizons/zeitkapsel Call support system on the ISS, further closing the resource cycle by connecting a biological Beschützer der Erde and a physical-chemical system. Bildung Cold Atoms Lab Beschützer der Erde MagVector/MFX-2SUPVIS-Justin DLR.de/en/horizons/pbr Earth Guardians: MYOTONES CompGranDLR.de/en/horizons/eml-msl-transparent MagVector/MFX-2CompGran A student competition will look for the ‘Earth Guardians’. Alexander Gerst will address Myotones: MagVector/MFX-2 the students in short video messages from the Columbus module, and as such spark Myotones is, for the first time, monitoring the biome- Photobioreaktor their commitment to protecting the environment and preserving biodiversity on Earth. chanical properties of the skeletal muscles using a non- MagVector/MFX: Experimente DLR.de/en/horizons/beschuetzer-der-erde invasive, portable device on board the ISS, in order to The MagVector/MFX-2 installation will examine Zeitkapsel examine changes to the muscularZeitkapsel system caused by a the interactions of Earth’s magnetic field using a High flyers: Call CO2 O2 CO O PK-4 2 2 ICARUSPhotobioreaktor PK-4: Gene Controllack Prime of gravity. The additionally required ultrasound is variable electrical conductor at high speed in the Bildung ICARUSBildung Students from universities in Stuttgart, Frankfurt on the Main and Duisburg-Essen ARISS: The plasma crystal experiment PK-4 allows processes that occur at stored in the European Physiology Module (EPM). European Drawer Rack (EDR) – this can only be have devised experiments themselves. These will be supervised by Alexander Gerst ICARUS Schoolchildren from 13 different schools and three DLR laboratories for school pupils – the atomic level to be made visible to the human eye in the Euro- done on the ISS. onCO board2 theO2 ISS. CO O DLR.de/en/horizons/myotones 2 2 the DLR_School_Labs – will connect with the ISS to ask Alexander Gerst questions in pean Physiology Module (EPM). DLR.de/en/horizons/ueberflieger DLR.de/en/horizons/magvector-mfx real time, which he will answer from the Columbus module. Beschützer der Erde DLR.de/en/horizons/pk4 DLR.de/en/horizons/ariss Experimente CompGran SUPVIS-Justin Immuno-2 SUPVIS-Justin 7 The experiments and activities featured here are just some of the many that will be carried out during the horizons mission. Call Call 10 SUPVIS-Justin

Zeitkapsel

Beschützer der Erde Bildung Photobioreaktor CIMON Experimente Experimente Photobioreaktor

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Zeitkapsel Call MagVector/MFX-2 Beschützer der Erde Beschützer der Erde

Experimente ICARUS Zeitkapsel Zeitkapsel

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TRANSPARENT TRANSPARENT GeneMYOTONES Control Prime TRANSPARENT CompGran

Cold Atoms Lab Immuno-2 PK-4 MYOTONES TRANSPARENT Cold Atoms Lab TRANSPARENT Flumias TRANSPARENT MagVector/MFX-2CIMON Cold Atoms Lab Cold Atoms Lab Cold Atoms Lab Bildung Immuno-2Gene Control Prime PK-4 TRANSPARENT CompGran Gene Control PrimeCold Atoms Lab PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab MYOTONESFlumias Cold Atoms Lab CIMON PK-4 PK-4 PK-4 Call ICARUSMagVector/MFX-2 CompGran Cold Atoms Lab Bildung Immuno-2 PK-4 Flumias CompGran Gene ControlMYOTONES Prime PK-4 PK-4 CIMONImmuno-2 CompGran CompGran CompGran Experimente Greifswald • MagVector/MFX-2 Bildung PK-4 TRANSPARENTCIMON Call horizons – MYOTONES CIMONTRANSPARENTCompGran • Rostock Bildung SUPVIS-JustinICARUS Immuno-2 Gene Control Prime CompGran CompGran Bildung Bildung Bildung Beschützer der Erde CIMON TRANSPARENT MagVector/MFX-2METERON SUPVIS Justin Call CompGran MagVector/MFX-2Experimente Gene Control Prime Cutting-edge space research TRANSPARENT Cold Atoms BildungLab TRANSPARENT ICARUS Call TRANSPARENT CIMON Immuno-2 Flumias Bildung Bildung Cold Atoms Lab Hamburg Call Call Call Zeitkapsel FlumiasPhotobioreaktorSUPVIS-Justin Flumias Cold Atoms Lab ICARUS ExperimenteBildung ICARUS Beschützer der Erde • Parchim • Neustrelitz Immuno-2 Cold Atoms Lab PK-4 Call ICARUSMagVector/MFX-2 in Germany • Osterholz-Scharmbeck Cold Atoms Lab CO O TRANSPARENT 2 2 CO O ExperimenteMagVector/MFX-2CIMON Cold Atoms MYOTONESLab Flumias 2 2 Call Call Experimente Experimente SUPVIS-Justin TRANSPARENT Experimente MYOTONES BremenPK-4 TRANSPARENT • Soltau PK-4 MagVector/MFX TRANSPARENT Flumias TRANSPARENTCIMON Beschützer derCall Erde SUPVIS-JustinZeitkapsel MYOTONESPhotobioreaktor PK-4 CompGran Experimente PK-4 MYOTONES TRANSPARENT TRANSPARENTBeschützer derICARUS Erde MagVector/MFX-2PK-4 Gene Control Prime Cold Atoms Lab Experimente Experimente Flumias TRANSPARENT Beschützer der Erde Beschützer der Erde SUPVIS-JustinFlumiasICARUS Although Alexander Gerst will carry out experiments on the Interna- TRANSPARENT CO2 O2 CO O Cold Atoms Lab Beschützer der Erde 2 2 Gene Control Prime CompGran Cold Atoms Lab TRANSPARENTPhotobioreactor

Cold Atoms Lab Photobioreaktor MYOTONESCold Atoms MagVector/MFX-2Lab Zeitkapsel Experimente FlumiasPhotobioreaktor tional Space Station during his horizons mission, the research is not CompGran Bildung Beschützer der Erde CompGran Gene Control Prime PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab Cold AtomsZeitkapsel Lab SUPVIS-JustinICARUS CompGran Immuno-2 TRANSPARENT CompGran Beschützer der Erde Beschützer der Erde CO2 O2 CO O MYOTONES 2 2 Gene Control Prime limited to space. The experiments were devised on Earth, and the Zeitkapsel Berlin Zeitkapsel CO O Cold Atoms Lab 2 2 CO2 O2 PK-4 TRANSPARENTImmuno-2 Zeitkapsel TRANSPARENT FLUMIAS Bildung PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab TRANSPARENT PhotobioreaktorMYOTONESSUPVIS-Justin hardware and software were developed and built there. The samples PK-4 TRANSPARENT Gene ControlPK-4 Prime ICARUS Beschützer der Erde •Flumias Hanover TRANSPARENT Bildung PhotobioreaktorSUPVIS-Justin CIMON Call Zeitkapsel Bildung Immuno-2 CompGran PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab PK-4 Bildung Zeitkapsel Cold Atoms Lab Flumias Gene Control PrimeZeitkapsel MYOTONES come from Earth laboratories and return upon completion of the ex- CO2 O2 CO2 O2 CO2 O2 CO O Myotones 2 2 PK-4 CompGran ColdCIMON Atoms Lab • Braunschweig TRANSPARENT Call CompGran Bildung Cold Atoms Lab • Magdeburg Immuno-2 periments on the ISS for analysis. The data from the experiments is Immuno-2 SUPVIS-Justin CompGran Cold Atoms Lab CompGran Zeitkapsel MYOTONES CIMON Cold Atoms Lab Call Photobioreaktor MagVector/MFX-2 Experimente Call Bildung CompGran CompGran Call PK-4 GenePhotobioreaktorPK-4 Control Prime sent via the Payload Operations Integration Center at NASA's Marshall MYOTONESImmuno-2 Immuno-2 CO2 O2 CO O Cold Atoms Lab Bildung PK-4MagVector/MFX-2 2 2 CompGran • Dessau TRANSPARENTPK-4 Cold Atoms TRANSPARENTLab ExperimenteBildung Gene Control Prime Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama (USA) to all the other con- PK-4 CO2 O2 CO O PK-4 CIMON Photobioreaktor 2 2 Bildung Gene Control Prime Bildung TRANSPARENT • Dinslaken ICARUS TRANSPARENT MagVector/MFX-2 Experimente Beschützer der Erde Experimente Call Bildung Call Bildung Experimente CompGran CIMON trol centres that look after the payload. The Columbus Control Centre CO2 O2 CO O Duis- Flumias Gene ControlCIMON Prime 2 2 Gene Control Prime • GöttingenBildung • Torgau PK-4 Call CompGranICARUS TRANSPARENT burg • • Essen PK-4 Cold Atoms BeschützerLab derCall Erde Immuno-2CompGran (Col-CC) in the German Space Operations Center (GSOC) at the DLR CompGran TRANSPARENT MagVector/MFX-2 CompGran Flumias Immuno-2 Call PK-4 Call TRANSPARENT Cold Atoms Lab ICARUS CompGran Beschützer der Erde SUPVIS-Justin Zeitkapsel Cold Atoms Lab Beschützer der Erde TRANSPARENT Beschützer der Erde TRANSPARENTExperimenteCall Immuno-2 site in Oberpfaffenhofen is responsible for the European Columbus Call • Düsseldorf MYOTONES Immuno-2 MagVector/MFX-2 Bildung CompGran Cold Atoms Lab SUPVIS-Justin Call Experimente ExperimenteBildung Cold Atoms TRANSPARENTLab MagVector/MFX-2TRANSPARENT TRANSPARENTCompGran PK-4 Zeitkapsel Experimente Dresden • laboratory. From here, data is transmitted to the national user control • LeverkusenBildung Cold Atoms Lab TRANSPARENT ICARUS TRANSPARENT Bildung MYOTONESCIMON Experimente Experimente Cold Atoms Lab SUPVIS-Justin CompGran TRANSPARENT Photobioreaktor TRANSPARENT PK-4 CIMON Zeitkapsel • Cologne Cold Atoms Lab Zeitkapsel Cold Atoms BeschützerLab derExperimente Erde Bildung centres, such as the Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC) at the Experimente Zeitkapsel Gene Control Prime • Jena CIMON ICARUS Call EML/TRANSPARENT TRANSPARENT CompGran CO2 O2 CO O 2 2 Bildung • Aachen Photobioreaktor Flumias Experimente PK-4 Beschützer derCall Erde PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab CIMON DLR site in Cologne, and from there, to the scientists. The results of • Bonn Cold AtomsBildung Lab CompGran Beschützer der Erde TRANSPARENT Call PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab • Zwönitz SUPVIS-Justin CO2 O2 CO O PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab 2 2 Call Gene ControlMagVector/MFX-2 Prime Beschützer der Erde Beschützer der Erde PK-4 Flumias Photobioreaktor Beschützer der Erde Cold Atoms Lab CompGran ColdICARUS Atoms Lab this research in turn drive innovations on Earth. The horizons mission TRANSPARENTPK-4 PK-4 Zeitkapsel Beschützer der Erde Beschützer der Erde • Gießen Immuno-2 MagVector/MFX-2SUPVIS-Justin Experimente PK-4 Flumias CO2 O2 CO O TRANSPARENTFlumias Cold Atoms Lab 2 2 Bildung Cold Atoms Lab MYOTONES Beschützer der Erde MagVector/MFX-2 involves the work of 1000 scientists, engineers and programme man- Zeitkapsel Experimente CompGran PK-4 Flumias Call PK-4TRANSPARENTCall BildungTRANSPARENT Zeitkapsel Cold Atoms Lab Experimente CompGran PK-4 Photobioreaktor Immuno-2 ICARUS TRANSPARENT Bildung PK-4 Experimente MYOTONES Zeitkapsel Call Zeitkapsel CompGran CompGranMagVector/MFX-2 agers across Germany, who are working on approximately 50 German PK-4 Bildung Cold Atoms CompGranLab CompGranCO2 O2 CO O Cold Atoms Lab ICARUS Photobioreaktor 2 Zeitkapsel2 Zeitkapsel CIMON Beschützer der Erde MYOTONES CompGran ColdMYOTONES Atoms Lab • Frankfurt PK-4 Zeitkapsel Gene Control Prime PK-4SUPVIS-Justin experiments. The mission will also be addressed in numerous schools. Zeitkapsel CO2 O2 CO O Beschützer der Erde Bildung CompGran MYOTONES 2 2 CompGranCold AtomsExperimente Lab Call PK-4 Cold Atoms Lab CompGran Beschützer derFlumias Erde Bildung CIMON SUPVIS-Justin Call CompGran • Mainz Beschützer derGene Erde Control Prime Cold Atoms Lab PK-4ICARUS DLR has developed a comprehensive education programme about the Bildung Experimente CompGran Call Time capsule MagVector/MFX-2 PK-4 BildungSUPVIS-Justin Bildung Gene Control Prime Zeitkapsel Call Gene Control Prime • Darmstadt CompGran ICARUSExperimente PK-4 Immuno-2 Bildung horizons mission. This includes, amongst other things, competitions Zeitkapsel Call Bildung Flumias Gene Control Prime BildungPK-4 Beschützer derExperimente Erde CompGran PK-4 TRANSPARENT Bildung Bildung Zeitkapsel MYOTONES Call MagVector/MFX-2Photobioreaktor Photobioreaktor for pupils and teaching materials – but, for example, also a space Bildung Zeitkapsel Immuno-2 PK-4 CompGran Call Flumias Bildung Experimente Spaceflight show ICARUS CompGran Call Photobioreaktor Call CO O • Erlangen 2 2 CO O Immuno-2 2 2 Experimente SUPVIS-Justin Immuno-2 • Mannheim CompGran CO O show, designed to inspire an interest in research and technology in CompGran CIMON Bildung Beschützer der Erde2 2 CO2 O2 CO2 O2 CO O Kaiserslautern • MYOTONESImmuno-2 2 2 ExperimenteCall • Nuremberg CallCompGranZeitkapsel BeschützerCompGran der Erde Bildung Experimente Gene Control Prime ExperimenteICARUS Cold Atoms Lab Call BeschützerSUPVIS-Justin der Erde CIMON Call children and young people in many places. In addition, DLR has initiat- Call CompGran Experimente Flumias MYOTONES High flyers Call Beschützer der Erde • KünzelsauSUPVIS-Justin Bildung Experimente Experimente CIMON Call CIMON ed an ideas competition inviting students to submit an idea, and the Bildung MagVector/MFX-2Call Bildung • Heilbronn Flumias Gene ControlCIMON Prime Flumias Beschützer derExperimente Erde ExperimenteBildung ZeitkapselBildung Call Beschützer der ErdePhotobioreaktor Immuno-2• Karlsruhe BeschützerSUPVIS-Justin der Erde PK-4 Experimente Bildung best proposed experiments will be carried out during Alexander MagVector/MFX-2 Bildung Zeitkapsel Experimente MYOTONES ARISS Beschützer der Erde Gene Control Prime Experimente Zeitkapsel Photobioreaktor TRANSPARENT Call Beschützer der Erde Beschützer der Erde PhotobioreaktorBeschützer der Erde MagVector/MFX-2 Zeitkapsel CO O Gerst's mission. The German highlights of the mission and the MagVector/MFX-2 Experimente 2 2 CO2 O2 Call ICARUS Experimente TRANSPARENT CO2 O2 CO2 O2 MYOTONESImmuno-2 MagVector/MFX-2 MYOTONES• Stuttgart Zeitkapsel Beschützer der Erde BeschützerCall der Erde Call Experimente Experimente participating DLR sites are shown on the map. CIMON Photobioreaktor CompGran CO2 O2 CO2 O2 ZeitkapselICARUS Beschützer der Erde Call Earth Guardians2 2 Beschützer der Erde Gene ControlImmuno-2 Prime Call Zeitkapsel Beschützer der Erde CO2 O2 CO O ICARUS TRANSPARENT2 2 Cold Atoms Lab ExperimenteZeitkapsel Zeitkapsel Zeitkapsel ICARUS • Herrenberg Call SUPVIS-Justin Cold Atoms Lab Experimente Beschützer der Erde Flumias Gene ControlCIMON Prime ICARUS Gene Control Prime Zeitkapsel Zeitkapsel ZeitkapselExperimenteMagVector/MFX-2Experimente • Ulm Beschützer der Erde SUPVIS-Justin Bildung Zeitkapsel Beschützer derDLR Erde site Zeitkapsel Flumias Immuno-2 CIMON Experimente SUPVIS-JustinZeitkapsel Cold Atoms PK-4Lab Beschützer der Erde Beschützer der Erde SUPVIS-Justin Experimente Photobioreaktor Beschützer der Erde Zeitkapsel MYOTONESPK-4• MunichImmuno-2 MagVector/MFX-2SUPVIS-Justin Immuno-2 Oberpfaffenhofen • DLR.de/en/horizons Beschützer derICARUS Erde Beschützer der Erde CO O Zeitkapsel Experimente Control centre 2 2 CO O Photobioreaktor 2 2 Call MYOTONESCIMON MagVector/MFX-2Beschützer der Erde Photobioreaktor CO2 O2 CO PK-4 O CompGran Zeitkapsel Photobioreaktor Radolfzell • Weingarten2 2 Zeitkapsel Zeitkapsel Flumias Gene ControlCompGran Prime CIMON ICARUS Photobioreaktor • CO O 2 2 CO O CIMON 2 2 Zeitkapsel CO2 O2 CO O Zeitkapsel SUPVIS-Justin 2 2 • Stetten Zeitkapsel Experimente Beschützer der Erde CO2 O2 CO O • Friedrichshafen Gene ControlMagVector/MFX-2 Prime ICARUS Zeitkapsel2 2 CompGran Bildung Beschützer der Erde MYOTONESImmuno-2 Bildung MagVector/MFX-2SUPVIS-Justin 12 MagVector/MFX-2 13 Photobioreaktor Beschützer der Erde Immuno-2 ICARUS SUPVIS-Justin

CO2 O2 CO2 O2 Bildung Call Zeitkapsel Gene ControlCIMON Prime Call ICARUS Photobioreaktor ICARUS Zeitkapsel

Zeitkapsel CO2 O2 CO O CIMON SUPVIS-JustinPhotobioreaktor2 2

Call Experimente CO2 O2 CO2 O2 Immuno-2 MagVector/MFX-2 SUPVIS-Justin SUPVIS-Justin Experimente

MagVector/MFX-2Photobioreaktor

ExperimenteBeschützer der Erde CO2 O2 CO2 O2 CIMON ICARUS Photobioreaktor Photobioreaktor Beschützer der Erde

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Beschützer derZeitkapsel Erde MagVector/MFX-2SUPVIS-Justin Zeitkapsel

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CO2 O2 CO2 O2 horizons –

Altitude between International Space Station ISS 370 and 460 km Facts and figures

The ISS is humanity's largest The astronauts have as much space on technology project. the ISS as in a jumbo jet: 1200 m3

Germany finances 41 per cent of the European contribution to utilisation of the ISS. 110 m

262,400 solar cells extend over 2500 m2 and provide the astronauts on the ISS with as much electrical power as is 88 m required by 40 homes. around 110 kW 450 t

The ISS was assembled in 32 stages over a period of 12 years. The components were flown into space via 36 Space Orbital period approx. 2010 94 min. 2008 Shuttle and five Russian launches. 1998

51.6° inclination of orbit

ISS partner countries: Orbital velocity approx. 28,000 km/h

14 19 Knowledge for exploration horizons – Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Today’s global challenges can only be overcome through joint ef- forts. For this reason, in September 2015, all the member states of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Devel- opment – a milestone in the recent history of the international community. The agenda was developed with the extensive involvement of civil societies around the world, laying the foundation for global economic advancement in harmony with social justice and within Earth’s ecological limits. At its heart is an ambitious catalogue of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For the first time, they take all three dimensions of sustainability equally into account – social, environmental and economic. Five key themes are presented as the Knowledge for health, environment guiding principles: people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership. The 2030 Agenda applies to all nations of the world – developing and climate change nations, emerging nations and industrial nations must all make a contribution. German space research on the International Space Sta- tion is making a contribution to reaching these goals. The German experiments selected for Alexander Gerst’s horizons mission provide Knowledge for digitalisation, knowledge for ‘Health, Environment and Climate Change’, ‘Digitali- Industry 4.0, energy sation, Industry 4.0, Energy and Mobility of Tomorrow’, as well as for ‘young talents’ in the best sense of the UN goals for sustainable and mobility development and improved spaceflight.

DLR.de/en/horizons www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ Knowledge for young talents

15 18 Universität Magdeburg 20 tissue tumours). of vertebratesandageneralmarker forsoft- (here vimentin,anelementofthecytoskeleton the firsttimedirectly imagecellsinmicrogravity FLUMIAS, anewmicroscope ontheISS,willfor climate change Knowledge forhealth,theenvironment and horizons – for seriouslyillpatientsinintensive care. new, preventive andtherapeuticmeasures forastronauts aswell measures. Thisknowledge isaprerequisite forthedevelopmentof both peopleinspaceandonEarthtodevelopeffective counter investigate thestress-related weakeningoftheimmunesystem to muscleandboneatrophy. Astronauts’ bodieswillbeexaminedto proved rehabilitation andtrainingprogrammes ascountermeasures On Earth,theknowledgeobtainedwilllead,forexample,toim- tal musclesinorder toexamine changesduetothelackofgravity. time monitorthefundamentalbiomechanicalproperties oftheskele- Myotones, anewmobileandnon-invasivedevice,willforthefirst help ustoimprove globalhealththrough newmedical opportunities. into humantissue,cellcultures, microorganisms and plants. Thiswill cells in3Dmicrogravity, weare gaining acompletelynewinsight thanks toFLUMIAS,anewmicroscope thatmagnifiesandshows this knowledge,whichwillimprove ourlifeonEarth.Forexample, medications andtherapeuticapproaches canbederiveddirectly from cer, immunodeficiencyandbonemuscleatrophy. Innovative way, forexample,weare gaininginsightsintoillnessessuchascan- cells ofhumans,animalsandplantsunderspaceconditions.Inthis vides excellentopportunitiestoresearch ourbodies, as wellthe A one-of-a-kindlaboratory, SpaceStation(ISS)pro theInternational - 21 - Flumias

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The migratory behaviour of animals can tell us a great deal about environmental and climate The treatment of multidrug resistant bacteria is a major health prob- changes. Tiny transmitters attached to small lem across the globe. According to a study, several thousand people animals such as birds send data to the ISS in Bourry/DLR the ICARUS project, allowing us to track their Gene ControlFlumias Primedie eachMYOTONES year fromCIMON these pathogens because they are resistant to routes globally for the first time. antibiotics. Thanks to research on the ISS, a remedy has been developed – cold plasma. It can be applied to wounds and, according to clinical studies, it has a 70 per cent success rate in killing pathogens. Cold plasma is already being used for disinfecting medical equipment. TRANSPARENT Flumias Immuno-2 MYOTONESGene ControlMagVector/MFX-2 Prime Environmental and climate conditions can also be researched from the ISS. For example, animals have a very strong intuition for sensing climate change and have a ‘sixth sense’ for impending natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Within ICARUS, tiny transmitters attached to small animals such as birds or bats send data Cold Atoms Lab MYOTONESFlumias CIMON Gene Controlon theirImmuno-2 Primemigratory ICARUSbehaviour to the ISS. Researchers can analyse this valuable information and draw conclusions about climatic changes on Earth. More information about these experiments can be found on page 29.

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Digitalisation means change. This change presents a structural challenge to our modern information society, making it necessary for us to further technological progress in both hardware and software. In our everyday lives, we notice this in continuous follow-up developments – smartphones are becoming more intelligent and they link via the Internet of Things to domestic appliances such as refrigera- tors and washing machines. Speech assistants support people in their daily work. One such digital assistant will be used on the Interna- tional Space Station (ISS). CIMON, however, is an extraterrestrial companion and more than a mere speech assistant. The seventh crewmember is a ‘brain on the ISS’. Equipped with Artificial Intelli- gence – an important future building block in the digitalisation age – it will, in the classic sense of human-machine interaction, support the astronauts in their daily work and increase their efficiency. But robots are not only used on the ISS. During his mission, within the METERON project, Alexander Gerst will give commands to a humanoid robot on Earth, so that it can solve tasks largely autonomously. A key objective of CIMON and METERON SUPVIS Justin is also to drive innovation for terrestrial applications in the fields of robotic industrial production, medicine and care, as well as education.

The CompGran experiment in the fields of physics and materials In this photomontage, CIMON floats as the seventh ISS crew member in the Columbus research should bring further industrial advancements. On the ISS, module at the European Astronaut Center in Alexander Gerst will investigate the behaviour of granules in order to Cologne. CIMON is able to 'fly' and is equipped with Artificial Intelligence – a globally unique technology demonstration.

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improve industrial processes and facilities on Earth. This research will have a great effect on the economy, because granules such as sand Flumias Gene ControlImmuno-2 Prime MYOTONES or grain are the most processed goods after liquids. Gerst will also investigate the behaviour of plasmas, in order to expand our understanding of this state of matter. This knowledge should result in technological advances in the production of semiconductors – including microchips – modern propulsion systems, valves and shock TRANSPARENT absorbers. Melting experiments in the Electromagnetic Levitator MYOTONESImmuno-2 CIMON Gene Control Prime (EML) on the ISS should generate technological advances in the industrial casting processes of high-tech materials on Earth – such as new types of lighter aircraft turbine blades and engine casings. Amongst other things, this research will make aircraft and cars lighter, thus helping to save fuel and energy – for cleaner mobility in the future. Long-term experiments on ultra-cold atoms in a new, Cold Atoms Lab Gene ControlCIMON Prime MagVector/MFX-2Immuno-2 unique laboratory can further advance the development of cutting- edge chip technology, miniaturised laser modules and high-precision clocks and sensors. With these developments, satellite navigation, for example, will be even more precise in the future. More information about these experiments can be found on page 29.

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Artist’s impression of the magneto-optical trap and the atom chip that will be used in a NASA laboratory on board the ISS for trapping ultra- cold atoms. ICARUS Photobioreaktor SUPVIS-JustinCall PK-4 CompGran www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/

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An aluminium sphere full of surprises horizons – knowledge for young talents DLR – the DLR time capsule includes a durable data carrier holding the wish- Bildung CompGran Cold PK-4Atoms PK-4Lab es of school children as well as photo- Gene Control Prime graphs from everyday life. In addition, a toy car, a paper plane, the most Young enthusiastic people are key for our future. The challenge of mately orbiting Earth, the DLR space show will simultaneously be on enigmatic stone in the world and economies around the world is summarised in this simple statement. tour to inspire many thousands of pupils, in the style of a science- other terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials are included, and will wait The space industry also depends on young people. The horizons mis- on-stage presentation. ‘Earth Guardians’ will also be sought in a to see light again in 2068. sion provides the ideal opportunity to inspire the youth about space- large competition. What can we do to protect habitats and maintain Callflight, andBildung thus the natural sciencesPK-4 andCompGran high-techCompGran professions as a biodiversity? Pupils will address this question. In this, they will deal whole. To this end, DLRImmuno-2 has tied an entire education package to with the ICARUS project, which observes the movement of animals Alexander Gerst’s flight. For example, a time capsule has been sent from the ISS. Thus they will find out how animal migration behaviour to the ISS, which, in addition to important data of our time and pho- is linked to environmental changes and natural disasters. tographs of the everyday lives of many people, also contains numerous wishes for the future of pupils across Germany. Upon his return In addition, children and young people from 14 different schools and to Earth, Alexander Gerst will hand over the time capsule to the three DLR pupil laboratories – the DLR_School_Labs – will call the ISS ExperimenteCall CompGranBildungBildung German National MuseumCIMON of Contemporary History (Haus der to ask Alexander Gerst questions in real time. And, finally, the Geschichte) in Bonn, where the aluminium sphere will be kept until DLR_School_Labs will be holding teacher workshops that will also it will be opened on the 50th anniversary of the launch of the hori- carry the subject of research in microgravity to schools. However, zons mission. during the horizons mission, there will be more than just campaigns for schoolchildren – ‘High flyers’ will be selected in a competition Furthermore, DLR – together with renowned partners such as the for students. With the support of space experts, students of German Bildung BeschützerDeutsche ExperimentederPhysikalische Erde MagVector/MFX-2 Gesellschaft (GermanCall PhysicalCall Society), the universities have devised, set up and built their own experiments. Klett MINT publishing house and Jugend forscht – has produced Here, pump technologies for future spaceflight will be developed educational materials, which have met with an enthusiastic response and the formation of planets studied. already before Gerst's launch to space. And while ‘Astro_Alex’ is ulti-

Zeitkapsel Beschützer ICARUSder Erde Call ExperimenteExperimente DLR.de/en/horizons DLR.de/next/

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DLR – the DLR time capsule includes a durable data carrier holding the wishes of school children as well as photo- 13 experiments at a glance graphs from everyday life. In addition, a toy car, a paper plane, the most enigmatic stone in the world and other terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials are included, and will wait When Alexander Gerst conducts research on the International Space to see light again in 2068. Station (ISS), he will carry out approximately 65 European experi- horizons – Knowledge for Tomorrow ments – Germany contributes to approximately 50. We have selected 13 German experiments of the horizons mission, which exemplify the mission motto of ‘Knowledge for Tomorrow’ and will provide us When Alexander Gerst returns to Earth in December 2018, the hori- with knowledge related to the United Nations' 17 Sustainable Deve- zons mission will come to an end – but the story of the International lopment Goals (SDGs). Space Station (ISS) will continue. Thanks to generous support from the German government, Europe has been able to keep its promise to extend ISS operations until 2024. With this planning security, many new test facilities and experiments are being worked on by the DLR Space Administration with funds from the German Federal Min- istry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). In this way, German scientists and engineers at DLR institutes, universities and space com- panies, together with colleagues in other countries, can continue to develop solutions to society's global challenges: ‘Health, Environment and Climate Change’, as well as ‘Digitalisation, Industry 4.0, Energy and Mobility of Tomorrow’.

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28 29 30 DLR at a glance

The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is the national aeronautics and space research centre of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its extensive research and development work in aeronautics, space, energy, transport, digitalisation and security is integrated into national and horizons_GB_4/2018 international cooperative ventures. In addition to its own research, as Germany’s space agency, DLR has been given responsibility by the federal government for the planning and implementation of the German space programme. DLR is also the umbrella organisation for the nation’s largest project management agency.

DLR has approximately 8000 employees at 20 locations in Germany: Cologne (headquar- ters), Augsburg, Berlin, Bonn, Braunschweig, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Dresden, Göttingen, Hamburg, Jena, Jülich, Lampoldshausen, Neustrelitz, Oberpfaffenhofen, Oldenburg, Sta- de, Stuttgart, Trauen, and Weilheim. DLR also has offices in Brussels, Paris, Tokyo and Washington D.C.

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Publisher: German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Address: DLR Space Administration Königswinterer Straße 522–524 53225 Bonn Telephone +49 ( 0) 228 447-0

DLR.de/en

Cover image: J. Blair/NASA

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