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The Macedonian Diaspora in Australia: Current and Potential Links with the Homeland

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The Macedonian Diaspora in Australia: Current and Potential Links with the Homeland The Macedonian Diaspora in Australia: Current and Potential Links with the Homeland Report of an Australian Research Council Linkage Project By Associate Professor Danny Ben-Moshe, Deakin University Dr Joanne Pyke, Victoria University Mr Ordan Andreevski, United Macedonian Diaspora Research Team Mr Ordan Andreevski, United Macedonian Diaspora Professor Loretta Baldassar, University of Western Australia Associate Professor Danny Ben-Moshe, Deakin University Dr Steve Francis, Deakin University Professor Graeme Hugo, The University of Adelaide Professor Therese Joiner, Monash University Dr Joanne Pyke, Victoria University AUGUST 2012 Church of Saint John at Kaneo, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia This project was undertaken with support from: The Australian Research Council Linkage Project funding The Office of Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship, State Government of Victoria The Macedonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Centre for Multicultural Youth The Australian Vietnamese Women’s Association The Footscray Asian Business Association The Indochinese Elderly Refugee Association The Quang Minh Temple Co.As.It. Italian Assistance Association, Melbourne The Italo-Australian Welfare and Cultural Centre, Perth Council for International Trade and Commerce SA Inc. For further information contact: Associate Professor Danny Ben-Moshe Centre for Citizenship and Globalisation Deakin University T +61 3 9244 6917 [email protected] Dr Joanne Pyke School of International Business Victoria University T +61 3 9919 2615 [email protected] Ordan Andreevski United Macedonian Diaspora T 0438 385 466 E [email protected] 2 Table of contents Table of contents .................................................................................................................................................. 3 List of tables .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 List of charts ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Section 1: Background, Approach and Overview ............................................................................................ 14 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.2 Approach and the Literature ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.3 Diasporas and Public Policy ...................................................................................................................... 16 1.4 Macedonia and the Macedonian Diaspora in Australia ............................................................................. 19 1.5 Method and Results................................................................................................................................... 22 1.6 Survey Respondent Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 24 1.7 Age and Gender ........................................................................................................................................ 25 1.8 Education .................................................................................................................................................. 25 1.9 Employment .............................................................................................................................................. 25 1.10 Household Information and Income ......................................................................................................... 26 1.11 Place of Birth, Migration History and Motivation ...................................................................................... 26 1.12 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Section 2: Citizenship, Identity and Language ................................................................................................. 28 2.1 Migration and Citizenship .......................................................................................................................... 28 2.2 Identity and Feelings Towards Macedonia ................................................................................................ 28 2.3 Language Skills and Use ........................................................................................................................... 31 2.4 Summary of Citizenship, Identity and Language ....................................................................................... 33 Section 3: Personal Ties With The Homeland: Visits, Communications And Media Use ............................. 34 3.1 Visits to the Homeland: Frequency and Motivation ................................................................................... 34 3.2 Living in the Homeland .............................................................................................................................. 36 3.3 Property Ownership in Macedonia ............................................................................................................ 38 3.4 Communications with the Homeland ......................................................................................................... 40 3.5 Macedonian Media Use ............................................................................................................................. 44 3.6 Summary of Visits and Communications with Macedonia ......................................................................... 46 Section 4: Political and Communal Involvement ............................................................................................. 47 4.1 Involvement in Macedonian Organisations in Australia ............................................................................. 47 4.2 Involvement with Activities in Australia Related to Macedonia’s Social, Economic or Political Wellbeing . 50 4.3 Australian Politics and the Road Map ........................................................................................................ 51 4.4 Summary of Political and Community Connections with Macedonia ......................................................... 52 5. Care Giving, Remittances and Philanthropy ................................................................................................ 53 5.1 Care Giving for Friends, Family and Community Members in Macedonia ................................................. 53 5.2 Philanthropy and Remittances ................................................................................................................... 54 5.3 Who Receives Money and How Much? ..................................................................................................... 55 3 5.4 Summary of Caregiving, Remittances and Philanthropy ........................................................................... 56 Section 6: Business and Professional Ties ...................................................................................................... 57 6.1 Business and Professional Contacts and Involvement .............................................................................. 57 Section 7: Summary and Concluding Observations ........................................................................................ 61 Recommendations for the Macedonian Community……………………………………………………………………64 Recommendations for the Australian Government and Parliament…………………………………………………..66 Recommendations for the Macedonian Government…………………………………………………………………..66 Appendix 1: Survey of the Macedonian Diaspora in Australia: A Summary of Results ............................... 70 Appendix 2: ABS Macedonian Birth Place Data: Census 2006 ..................................................................... 101 References ......................................................................................................................................................... 104 4 List of tables Table 1.1 Respondents and Census data by postcode ................................................................................... 24 Table 1.2 Highest level of education of general population (ABS data) and survey respondents ................... 25 Table 1.3 Respondents and Census data by employment type ...................................................................... 26 Table 1.4 Annual household income: Survey respondents compared to ABS Census data ........................... 26 List of charts Chart 1.1 ABS 2006 Census data on age compared to diaspora survey respondent profile (%) .................... 25 Chart 1.2: Per cent of migrant respondent by year of arrival in Australia ........................................................ 27 Chart 2.1 How do you describe your identity? ................................................................................................. 28 Chart 2.2 Languages spoken within the family (frequency) ............................................................................. 32 Chart 3.1 How do you stay in touch with
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