ALEX ANDRE DUMAS.

IN T R O D U C T O RY N O T E S

AND

F L I S T S O C H A R A C T E R S .

B O S T O N

L ITTLE BRO N AN D COMPANY. , W ,

1 8 9 5 . Co ri ht 1 892 1 8 93 1 89 py g , , 4,

BY LITTLE BROW N AND M Y , , CO PAN

UNIV E RSITY PRE SS

I SO AND ON CAM B RIDG E U . S. A. J OHN W L N S , , C O N T E N T S.

N THE TW O DIANA S . INTRODUCTORY OTE LIST OF CHARACT E RS

TR D C T HE PAG E OF THE DUKE OF SA VOY . IN O U TORY NOTE LIST OF CHARACTERS

D E I N E MARG UERIT E V ALOIS . NTRODUCTORY OT LIST OF

LA DAM MONSOREAU I U N E DE . NTROD CTORY OTE LIST OF CHARACT ERS

TY- I D TH E FOR FIVE . NTRO UCTORY NOTE LIST OF CHARACTERS

E E N TH T HR E M USKE T EERS . INTRODUCTORY OTE LIST OF CHARACTERS

TWENTY YEARS AFTER . INTRODUCTORY NOT E LIST OF CHARA CT ERS

TH E V M E D E L ICO T BRAG E ONNE . INTRODUCTORY NOTE LIST OF CHARACTERS

THE T U IP I BLACK L . NTRO D UCTORY NOTE LIST OF CH ARACT ER S

LE C E D’ D N H VALIER HARM ENT AL . INTRO UCTORY OTE LIST OF CHARACT ERS C NEN S 4 O T T .

’ I D N THE REG E NT S DAU G HTER . NTRO UCTORY OTE LIST OF CH ARACTERS

Y I D N MEMOIRS OF A PH SICIAN . NTRO UCTORY OT E LIST OF CHARACTERS ’ I THE Q UE EN S NE CKLACE . NTRODUCTORY NOTE LIST OF CHARACTERS I ANGE PITOU . NTROD UCTORY NOT E LIST OF CHARACTERS LA M A I CO TESSE DE CH RNY . NTRODUCTORY NOTE LIST O F CHARACTERS

- E IN T ROD UC THE CHEVALIER DE MAISON ROUG . TORY NOTE LIST OF CHARA CTER S

THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO . LIST OF CHAR

ACT ERS ' D T HE TW O IA NA S .

I TR D T RY TE N O UC O NO .

THE claim of Alex andre Dumas to be considered

rs amon his torical r omancists as or resent can fi t g , p t p , hardly be disputed ; and his magic pen finds abun

an r ch ma er a for the h s or ca se n of the d t, i t i l i t i l tti g

The er o in wh ch tale told in the following pages . p i d i the action of The Two Dianas is supposed to take

f nr h ace covers the a er ears o He II. and t e pl , l t y i

br ef and me ancho re n of his o des son ran i l ly ig l t , F

o s the -fa e hus an of Mar uar whose c i II ill t d b d y St t, later history has caused her brief occupancy of the

n f ran be o h of Th s er o thro e o F ce to l s t s ig t . i p i d

saw the erm na on and ear ma ur if not the g i ti ly t ity,

ac ua s o n of the s r t of the Reforma on in t l wi g, pi i ti

r n It w as ur n hese ears ha the nam F a ce. d i g t y t t e

' of John Calvin ac quired the celebrity which has

never waned and ha his devo e o o ers La , t t t d f ll w ,

Renau e Theo ore de Be e Am ro se aré the di , d z , b i P ,

amous s ur eon and the mmor a Co n be f g , i t l lig y gan the crusade for freedom of worship which

was s ea ma n a ne unchec e Tumu of t dily i t i d, k d by lt

mbo h m n l A se or Massacre of St . Bar o o ew u t l i , t l , C Y E 6 INTRODU TOR NOT .

Henri of Navarre put the crown upon their heroic

la ors and ave hem res e for a me h the b , g t pit ti wit “ ” famous E c of Nan es made more famous s di t t , till “ ” by its Revocation a cen tury later under the

aus ces of Madame de Ma n enon at the ns a pi i t , i tig

n f h r e u hose or ons of h tio o e J s it allies . T p ti t e story which introduce us to the coun cils of the Re for mers are none the less interes ting beca use the characters introduced are actual historical pers on

a es nor can a to add n eres to the encoun er g , it f il i t t t between La Renaudie and Pardaillan to know that

rea oo ace and ha the wo men had it lly t k pl , t t t previously been to each other almos t nearer than

r I as but ne of nnumera e hea brothe s . t w o i bl rt r n n nc en s ns e ara e rom all c v and e di g i id t , i p bl f i il re ous c on s but in h ch hose res de over ligi flict , w i t p i d by the Floren tine mother of three Valois kings of

re be on e ef France we prolific y d b li . How closely the authorhas adhered to historical

ac for the roun or of his a e w a ear f t g dw k t l , ill pp by

’ comparing it with one Of Balzac s Etudes Philoso “ " hi ues en e Sur Ca her ne de Médicis the p q , titl d t i , “ first part of which c overs the same period as The ” Two D anas and descr es man of the same i , ib y

even the v r o a ts ; a iati ns re of the slightest .

The a en orbearance of Ca her ne de Me c s p ti t f t i di i ,

under the ne ec of her husban and the arro an gl t d, g t

resum on of D ane e o ers abe e b he p pti i d P iti , tt d y t INTRODUCTORY N E OT .

Constable de Montmorency ; her swift and speedy vengeance upon them as soon as she was left a widow with her large brood of p ossible kings ; her j ealous fear of the influence of the Due de Guise and his ro her the Car na de Lorra ne h ch led b t di l i , w i her - to d es re the ea h of her e des s on the nu i d t l t ,

or una e ran o s because his ueen was the f t t F c i , q n ece of the o er u and am ous ro hers and i p w f l biti b t , which als o led her to oppose their influence by a combination with two su ch incongruous elements as the Constable Montmorency and the Protes tant

Bour on r nces of Navarre rema n n all the b p i , i i g while the b itteres t foe that the refor med religion ever had - all hese as escri e in the fo o n , t , d b d ll wi g

in con orm h or a a es are s r c h s c ac . p g , t i tly f ity wit i t i l f t

f he n So too is the s or o t e e ce of . uen n , , t y d f St Q ti in its ma n et a s and of the s e e of Ca a s i d il , i g l i , where the Due de Guise did receive the terrible woun d which caused the s obriquet of Le B a lafr é to be a ed to him an d was cure b the s u ppli , d y kilf l han of a r Am r r o of the Tumu d M ste b oise Pa é. S lt of Am oise and the a n u scenes at en n the b , p i f l t di g e ecu on of the v c ms and so na of the x ti i ti ; , fi lly, s en a h a - h on ro c e t t e e h bed of ran o s . t e c d t F c i II , t versy b etween the shrinking c onservatism of the

’ K n s re u ar me ca a v sers and the ar n i g g l di l d i , d i g ec ec c sm of Pare ro os n to er orm the new l ti i , p p i g p f ”

O era on of re ann n . It ma erha s be sa p ti t p i g y, p p , id 8 E INTRODUCTORY NOT .

’ that the Chan cellor de 1 HOpital is made to appear in too unfavorable a light ; he certainly was some thing far ab ove the mere b ond-slave of Catherine de

Medicis . D umas hims elf tells us what basis of truth there is for the some mes amus n s ome mes s er ous ti i g, ti i , but always intensely interesting c onfusion between

-G rr an hi unscru u o s Martin ue e d s p l u double .

No here ma be sa in his or or romance w , it y id, t y , is there to be found s o touching a glimpse as this

Her we e au h of p oor Mary Stuart. e s e n g t s ave the

ove and ovab e s e of the unfor una e ueen l ly l l id t t q ,

hou a h n of the a a ea nes s wh ch as wit t i t f t l w k i , it

eve o e in the s orm a er ears of her fe d l p d t y l t y li , ma e her marvellous eau and charm the Instru d _ b ty ments of her ruin .

‘ So much for those porti ons of The Two Dianas

c H r which rest upon a basis of fa t. isto y records

a ac n further that Henri II. w s cide tally killed in frien dly j ousting by the Comte de Montgommery

h r but with that isto y ends and romance begins. The pers onage whom Monsieur D umas presents to us under that title perhaps never existed ; b ut let the reader be the u e af er rea n of the ure j dg , t di g p and sacred but unhappy love of Gabriel de Mont

ommer and D ane de Cas ro a ove er em of g y i t , if l li g c on fi ti was e ver enclosed in an historical s etting. T HE T W O DIA NA S.

LIST OF CHARACTERS .

- Peri o d , 1 5 21 1 5 74 .

FR L n France ANCOIS , Ki g of .

. success or HENRI II , his . C D MEDIOIS ueen Henr ATHERINE E , Q to i II. THE D af erwards Fran o s II AUPHIN, t c i . bro her af erwards Henr III HENRI, his t , t i . M m r Y S a r ed au h n. AR TUART, i to the D p i En and ueen . MARY, Q of gl ’ D E af erwards Char s IX UO D ORL ANS , t le .

D F s s er Henr . MARGUERITE E RANCE, i t of i II D V L dau h er of Henr MARGUERITE E A OIS , g t i II.

PRINCESS ELISABETH . ’ d Alen on F Due . RANCOIS, c DUO G eu enan - enera France DE UISE , Li t t G l of . O L C RD L bro her M NSEIGNEUR E A INAL DE ORRAINE, his t . ’ DUO D AUMALE bro her Du ui e se . , t of de G ’ ELBcEUF MARQUIS D , D V MARQUIS E AUDEMONT, officer Due de u se. D B s of G i MONSIEUR E IRON, T MONSIEUR DE HERMES, L D MONTMORENOY CONSTAB E ANNE E . F D MONTMORENOY son RANCOIS E , his .

ANTOINE DE NAVARRE .

L U DE B U B r nce de Condé bro her. O IS O R ON, P i , his t 0 1 LIST OF CHARACTERS .

f S a n. L . o PHI IP II , p i P E L Due de Savo e HILIBERT MMANUE , i .

ADMIRAL GASPARD DE COLIGNY. O CAPTAIN GER, LAUXFORD an en neer N , , MO SIEUR DE gi French officers serv R MONSIEUR DE AMBOUILLET , B L ing with the Admiral . MONSIEUR DE REUI , B VAULPERGUEs ARON DE , E uchesse de Valentinois common a e MADAME DE BR ZE , D , ly c ll d r m s r ss of He r n o e s e . Dia e de P iti , i t n i II ’ D uchess e de Cas ro afterwards uchesse d An ouléme IANE , D t , D g , d an an d . daughter of Henri II. Di e e Poitiers

L in a endance on an de r . MADAME DE EVISTON, tt Di e Cast o

H A F E Due de Cas ro . OR CE ARN SE, t ’ D ETAMPES m s ress of Fran o s I. MADAME , i t c i G Se neur de or e com e de Mon ommer st hn ABRIEL, ig L g , Vi t tg y, y g ’ h mse f com e d Ex més in ove w h ane de Cas ro. i l Vi t ,_ l it Di t ’ Com e de Mon ommer abr e s father m r o d JACQUES, t tg y, G i l , i p is ne b Henr II y i . E Y n endan of the Coun of Mon omm r MASTER L OT, i t t ty tg e y. P TRARIONY s u re to the Com e de Mon ommer ERROT , q i t tg y. - ’ G abrie s s u re. MARTIN UERRE , G l q i B R w fe of Mar n- uerra ERTRANDE OLLES, i ti G ’

A abr e s nurse . LOYSE , G i l GUERRAND L s u re of the Co n s of mou e EN u rs . ORIEN, q i t Vi ti ’ A T Mar n- uerre s double in the secret RNAULD DU HILL, ti G , serv ce of Cons ab e de Mon morenc i t l t y. B Y rand E u rr of rance e F . MONSIEUR DE OISS , G q y SALVOISON overnor of th h e r on e C a e s . MONSIEUR DE , g t l t P i S his su essor cc . MONSIEUR DE AZERAC , L MONSIEUR DE ANGEAIS, E MONSIEUR DE BOUTI RES, C DE S en emen of the Cour of Frau OMTE ANCERRE , g tl t ’ D AUSSUN o s I. MONSIEUR , c i D ’ E MONSIEUR NGHIEN, C MONTAUSIER OMTE DE , F C E LIST O CHARA T RS . 1 1

UR DE VI LL V LLE MONSIE EI E I , C L-GE E L DE BONNIVET MONSIEUR LE OLONE N RA , GAsr ARD T DE AVANNES, C D POMMERIVE OMTE E , ’ E D V L MAR CHAL AN IL E, DE B URI MONSIEUR , PRE D B SI ENT ERTRAND, CHANOELLOR O D L ILLE LIVIER E ENV , ’ C D AUMALE OMTE , ’

D S n s counc . MONSIEUR E EDAN, of the Ki g il I D E MONS EUR E HUMI RES, D S - N E MONSIEUR E AINT A DR , C S I -R OMTE DE A NT EMY, bus ers R U ca a n ar ue . ICHELIE , pt i of q i ’ D AVALLON ca a n uards Henr II MONSIEUR , pt i of the g of i .

rece or r nces . JACQUES AMYOT , the p pt of the p i L Y LENNox AD , overnesses r ncesses g of t p i . C he MADAME DE ONI, - - AY LLE ad in wa n Mar S uar . MADAME D E , l y iti g to y t t

D V L Oounc lor ar amen . NICOLAS U A , a il of P li t knights in the tourna U D S Duc Nemours JACQ ES E AVOIE , de , men wh ch Henr ’ t at i i E Due Ferrara ALPHONSE D STE , de , II was killed

A B P E s ur eon. M ROISE AR , g ’ CHANCELLOR DE L HOPITAL . h s o an B O r . RANT ME , i t i

A B I drama c wr er. NTOINE DE A F, ti it R oe E . MY BELLEAU, a p t E P STRozzr en neer s xteen h MAR CHAL IERRE , an gi of the i t cen ur t y.

F usher French cour . LORIMOND , an at the t JACINTHE wa n -ma ds ane Cas ro D iti g i to Di de t . ENISE , N as ro o er and h s c an OSTRADAMUS, t l g p y i i .

JOHN CALVIN . T E E his or an Refo me h r r d u h. H ODORE DE B ZE , t i of the C c B D L R D a Hu ueno offi r ARON E A ENAU IE , g t ce . 1 2 F E LIST O CHARACT RS .

’ B P L an officer of the k n s roo s ARON DE ARDAIL AN, i g t p .

D V D a Ca v n s c m ni s er . A I , l i i ti i t

AVENELLES advoca e a ra or to the Ca v n s s. DES , t , t it l i i t A C CHALOSSES B RON ASTELNAU DE , C VILLEMANGIS OMTE DE , condemned Ca v n s s l i i t . C MAzEREs OMTE DE , BARON RAUNAY DE , BRAGUEL NNE eutenan of o c O e . MONSIEUR DE , Li t P li hi se re ar A P s c . MASTER R ION, t y

L E an a en of o ce . IGNI RES, g t p li A DE Y o herw se s ed Démochares oc or of NTOINE MOUCH , t i tyl , D t th Sorbonne and anon of No on rand In u s he e C y , G q i itor of t

Faith in France.

PEU UOY s nd c of the weavers of St. uen n. JEAN Q , y i Q ti

P PEU UOY an armorer . IERRE Q , ’ Peu uo s s er B erre s . ABETTE , Pi q y i t

L overnor of Ca a s . ORD WENTWORTH, G l i L D G Y his bro her-in-law command n the En sh archers. OR RE , t , i g gli D n n h offi er L B a E s c . ORD ER Y, gli

SIR E F hera d of En and. DWARD LEMING, l gl

A a fisherman. NSELME,

E a a e. ANDR , p g

U Su er or of the ened c ne conven a St. SISTER MONIQ E , p i B i ti t t uen n Q ti . S F HEINRICH CHAR ENSTEIN ,

PILLETROUSE, FRANTz S FE CHAR NSTEIN, ’ officers and soldiers in Gabriel s MALEMORT, s rv ce LAOTANCE e i . ,

YVONNET,

AMBROSIO, L Y ANDR , C HESNEL, o a ne en er n r. veterans of the war in L rr i , t i g the se AUBRIOT, ’ vice of Vicomte d Ex més. C ONTAMINE ,

BALU, T HE

HE DUK F Y PAGE OF T E O SAVO .

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

“ IN The Page of the Duke of Savoy we meet again most of the members of the doughty band of adven turers with whom Gabriel de Montgomery is said

“ in the Two Dian as to have acc omplished the marvellous feat of carrying the Old Fort of Calais

esca ade : Ma emor the s eame and s carre by l l t, d d hero of a hun re h s hose rs rush was d d fig t , w fi t always s o impetuous and reckles s that he inevit a rece ve a fres oun at the ver e nn n bly i d h w d y b gi i g, and was incapacitated for further s ervice ; Yvonnet the dand o as a on da h and m as y, b ld li by ylig t, ti id a b are hen the sun had one do n Pilletrous e w g w ; s ,

’ the rifier of ea men s oc e s Lactan ce hose d d p k t ; , w exces sive blood-thirstines s was only equalle d by his devou ness and the tw o Scharfensteins unc e t ; , l

nd ne he hose ea s of s ren h out-Hercu e a p w, w f t t gt l s

Proc e aldent an raca ar n Hercu es . o M d s so e ew l p , , F ac u a n ances e ua ver n each in his ar q i t , q lly di ti g, p

ticular lin e . 1 4 IN E TRODUCTORY NOT .

The period of this tale was crowded with events

’ of deepes t import to the world s hiStory : it em braced the culmination of the world-empire of

har e and his a ca on th C l s V. bdi ti ; e early years of

the re n of h . in h ch his fu ure o c ig P ilip II , w i t p li y and c onduc t were s o clearly foreshadowed ; the struggle for s upremacy between the Guises and

Ca her ne de Médi cis the oren ne mo her of the t i , Fl ti t last three Valois Kings of France ; an d the irre

si ible ro h an r o s t g wt d sp ea d of the Ref rmation . Of all the famous men who fought an d governed

in ha a e erha s the ver no est was Emman t t g , p p y bl

uel h ber Duke of av o hom D umas s e ecte P ili t, S y , w l d a s the cen ra ur Of his or ll ha is h r t l fig e st y. A t t e e

“ told us of him and his character is amply s upp orted

u h r by a t o ity . Many of the his tor ical events woven into the

“ plot of the Two Dian as are here pres ented to us

a a n ma n in orms h ch fo o the chron c es g i , i ly f w i ll w i l

r Th s is es ec a rue of the fe f mo e c losely . i p i lly t li o the Com e de Mon omer an d the c rcum stances t tg y, i

a r a he T urn a ttending the fatal dis ste t t o elles . There is no reas on to believe that the death of

h r u f n h n but ure acc Henr II. was t e es o a i lt yt i g, p i dent nor has history any more to s ay of the Comte de Montgomery than is s aid by our author in the Y” 5 INTRODUCTOR NOTE.

I be no ced h o lo n a es . t owever ha f l wi g p g will ti , , t t the gloomy pr ognos tications of Nostradamus ne

i h d fferen form appear here n s lig tly i t .

As to the s e e of Sa n uen n too the de i g i t Q ti , ,

’ Scription given in the pres en t work is entitled to the credit of being more nearly in acc or d with the

’ facts than that which omits to mention Dandelot s

resence and makes Gas ard de Co n a a p , p lig y pl y s u ord na e ar to Ga r e de Mon om r b i t p t b i l tg e y . It

I o was the failure of Phili p I . to f llow up the fall of the town (inexplicable unless it was due to his

ea ous of the Duke of avo h ch s ave ar s j l y S y) w i d P i , and not the defence made by the garris on an d citi

n d evo e as he r con ens hero c a uc was . z , i d t d t i d t It would be perhaps midre accurate to entitle ” The Page of the Duke of Savoy a part of the romance of history than an his torical r omance ; for aside fr om the s cenes in which the exploits of Pro c o e an d his as soc a es a ear and the dee p i t pp , ply touching love epis o de of Emmanuel Philibert and his seudo- a e here are few cha ers of h ch the p p g , t pt w i h s or ca ac curac c an be m u ned from the i t i l y i p g ,

o n a ru se hen h r fam us s ce e t B s ls w C a les V . laid do n his s ce re to his mock O se u es at the w pt , b q i

co en in a n rom Henr II hau h little nv t Sp i ; f i . g tily rece v n the hera s of a n and En an to i i g ld Sp i gl d , 6 IN N E I TRODUCTORY OT .

II mee consen n o the sham u r Henri . kly ti g t ef l t eaty of Cateau-Cambresis ; from the brillian t pageant an d su er ous n in the s s at the Tourne es p b j ti g li t ll , to the cham er of dea h h Ca her ne de Me c s b t , wit t i di i hover n ea ous a ou the bed of the d n k n i g j l ly b t yi g i g , who had been s o long and consistently unfaithful

h r to e .

The epoch is one which readily lends itself to the roman c rea men and under the hand of the ti t t t, master few opportunities of arousing the in teres t and mov n the hear of the rea r h n i g t de ave bee lost.

8 LIS F H C E S 1 T O C ARA T R .

k lan F S u e M . RANCESCO MARIA FORZA, D of i T ARCHBISHOP OF OLEDO .

CARDINAL POLE .

WILLIAM OF ORANGE . ’ D era d S a n G H . ON UZMAN D AVILA, l of p i S P s ro o er Char es V IGNOR ANGELO OLICASTRO , A t l g to l .

C cava r servIce Char es V. OMTE WALDECK, in the l y of l V son ICOMTE WALDECK, his . THE S C K BASTARD ON OF OMTE WALDEC . ODINET S ard i avo cava er . DE MONTFORT, a y l C P BR S ELIUS OUNCILLOR HILIBERT U S . F L n Fr n a ce. RANCOIS , Ki g of II u . s ccessor HENRI ; his . C E ATHERINE DE M DICIS, D P IANE DE OITIERS . D C IANE DE ASTRO . F s s er Henr MARGUERITE DE RANCE , i t of i II. THE D af erwards Fran ois II AUPHIN, t C . S marr ed au h n MARY TUART, i to the D p i . F N MARY LEMI G, S ‘ MARY EA N, ’ TO r u r r s Ma y St a t s Four Ma y . L V N MARY I I GSTON,

MARY BEATON, E DE O LIZABETH VAL IS’ II daughters of Henri . V 2 MARGUERITE DE ALOIS, ’ DU D O E af erwards Char es IX. O RL ANS, t l - DUO N eu enan enera k n . DE EVERS, Li t t g l of the i g

bro her af erwards Henr III. HENRI, his t , t i

CONSTABLE DE MONTMORENCY .

G R son . ABRIEL DE MONTMO ENCY, his ’ U C Cons ab e s ne hew. MONSIE R DE HATILLON, the t l p

F Due u se. RANCOIS, de G i L CARDINAL DE ORRAINE , ’ A E DU O D AUM L , his brothers . ’ D ELBCEUF MARQUIS ,

CARDINAL GUISE . LIS OF CH C E S 1 9 T ARA T R .

A L C Envo e raord nar Henr II. DMIRA OLIGNY, y xt i y of i D C bro her MONSIEUR ANDELOT DE OLIGNY, his t .

rand E uerr France . MONSIEUR DE BOISSY, G q y of

I V rand Chamber a n. MONS EUR DE IEILLEVILLE , G l i ’ D E ue Ferrara. ALPHONSE D STE, de D ” N UCHESSE DE EMOURS .

CARDINAL CARAFFA. G L ABRIEL DE ORGES . P E AMBROISE AR , V isurgeons . ANDREW ESALIUS, R ONSARD , RE E M B , Y ELL AU men r D of lette s at the French Court . ORAT, DU BELLAY, C M T JA QUES A YO rece ors r nc s p pt of the p i e . ANESI S M. D U , i

bbé S . r x. JACQUES DE LA MOTTE, A de t P i ’ DUO E D NGHIEN, -A E MARECHAL DE SAINT NDR , DUO N DE EVERS,

E STRozz—I MAR CHAL ,

MARECHAL DE BRISSAC, THE Y MONSIEUR DE LIGN , DE R MONSIEUR B EUIL, J MONSIEUR DE ARNAO, C P LANGUETOT A TAIN , R CA TAIN AM UILLET, P BO French ofiicers . C L P APTAIN OUIS OY, ’ D adm ra s bro her MONSIEUR ANDELOT, the i l t , V N -D E ICOMTE DU MONT OTRE AM , S CUREE IEUR DE LA , C R U L OMTE DE LA OCHEFO CAU D , DUO DE MONTPENSIER, DUO L G V L DE ON UE IL E , DUO DE BOUILLON, V T ICOMTE DE URENNE, I F C E 20 L ST O HARACT RS.

S F HEINRICH CHAR ENSTEIN, PILLETROUSE MARTIN , FRANTz S CHARFENSTEIN, CJESAR A NNIBAL MALEMORT, soldiers of fortune in the E- MALDENT H N R J SEPH , O O O Frenc serv ce h i . J -C PROOOPE EAN HRYSOSTOME , V -F X YVONNET ICTOR ELI , -NEPOMUCENE LAOTANCE CYRILLE , VITTORIo- F ALBANI RACASSO, C E OUNT GMONT, C OUNT HORN, C SOHWARZBOURG OUNT , C U O NT MANSFIELD , DUK ERIC K E OF BRUNSWIC , officers in the army besieg DUK E K E RNEST OF BRUNSWIC , in St. uen n g Q ti . - BINNS OURT FIELD MARSHAL DE O , C C L APTAIN ARONDE ET, C N OLONEL ARVAEZ , ROMERON JULIAN , ALONzo Ae REs DE C ,

M G T U , MADE OISELLE ER R DE ser n Chateau du ar P P va ts at the P cq . HILI PIN, m n P ca a n co an at S . ue t n. JEAN AUQUET, pt i of a p y t Q i

G P bro he r. UILLAUME AUQUET, his t ’ G u aume Pau uet s dau h r e . UDULE , G ill q g t

GOSSEU card easan . MAITRE , a Pi p t f C w e . ATHERINE, his i MARGU RITE D AL IS E E V O .

INTRODUCTORY N TE O .

THE series of r omances in which Dum as has dealt

h the c our s of the a er a o s k n s Char es wit t l t V l i i g , l

— H nr . er of h c IX . and e a s es h La Re ne i III , i w i i ” “ ” Mar o or Mar u er e de a o s is the rs g t, g it V l i , fi t chron o o ca s eak n descr es the ma n l gi lly p i g , ib i events of the period with such subs tantial ac curacy that on e who re ads this great trilogy may b e fairly s a d to be s ud n rench h s or if not erha s i t yi g F i t y, p p f preparing hims e l to write it .

‘ m h a h of r II hr o h h Fr o t e de t Hen i . t ug t e reigns of the hree s on s of ha unha monarch — the t t t ppy , s ck and -fa ed ran o s crue a m os i ly ill t F c i l , l t h ff m n sane Char es IX . an d t e e e na e rreso u e i , l , i t , i l t , ~ and co ar d Henr III the one ervad n erq w ly i , p i g p

’ Son ality in Fr anc e was that of Catherine de Medicis ; an d as her hatred and fear of Henri of Navarre w as the m ain spring of her policy from the time that his character became SO developed as to distin guish him fr om the othe r princes of the Bourbon

‘ fam all of hom Were adheren s Of the re ily, w t 22 IN DU E TRO CTORY NOT .

formed re on and to a rac to him the ar ligi , tt t w m and enthus ia stic devotion of the c onstan tly in creas in Hu ueno ar s o has D umas aken ha g g t p ty, t t t hatred and that fear for the theme upon which he has c ons ruc ed hree r omances h ch r va in in t t t w i i l,

ense n eres a nd o er to en er a n an d amuse t i t t p w t t i , , an ha have ever come even from hi y t t s pen . If it was from the lips of Charles that the ord er

’ f r he oo ork r ho om e o t d of . Ba s Da bl y w St t l w y ,

1 572 s su ed w as the m nd of the u een m o her , i , it i q t

ha rom ed an d the of the u een mo er t t p pt it, will q th that forced it fr om those lips ; an d the vast num bers of Huguen ots that were mass acred in the streets of Paris in pursuance of that order were s acrificed pitilessly and ruthles sly in the hope that in the enera carna e the n o f Navarre ou d g l g , ki g w l i - be put out of the w ay with h s c o religioni s ts .

The as sass na on of Gas ard de Co n the i ti p lig y,

rave A m ra h ose s erv ce s to rance had een b d i l, w i F b so rea can never cease to b e an even of s ad and g t, t mou rnful interes t to all lovers of religious liberty ; and the vivid des cription of the fou l deed to b e foun d in the following pages derives added in terest from the fact that the part therein assigned to

r h m Coconnas was eally performed by i .

De Crue has recen u shed in ar s a M . tly p bli P i “ ' oo en ed Le Pa r t?! des Politi ues a u lendema t n b k titl , g N 23 I TRODUCTORY NOTE.

’ d e la Sa in t-B a r thelem an d h ch has for its sub y, w i

“ e La Molle at Cocon a t h ch seems is in titl , , w i it each instance the more authentic orthography .

h ch f de rue ha It appears from t e re s ear es o M . C t t our tw o heroes were even more importan t pers on

— “ ages than they are represented by Dumas to have

h ar of h Poli i u e occu e a r been . T e p ty t e t g s pi d s o t of mi ddle p osition between the Cath oli cs and Hug uen ots ; it was origin ally headed by the Mont

’ moren c s an d af er hem ran o s Duc d Alen y , t t by F c i ,

n L o e descr e as d s so u e ou ver o . a M s c ll , ib d i l t , pi , y

’ su ers ous ec ame the c on dan Of d Alen on p titi , b fi t c ;

and is s a ha Char es IX . who e es ed his it id t t l , d t t

ro her ce ave the order to s ran e La Mo e b t , twi g t gl ll ; and h a on e da he h mse f h the Due de Gu s e t t y i l , wit i an d o her en emen a e in a as s a e at the t g tl , w it d p g

a av on Louvre for that purpo se . L Molle w as s ed ly because he enter ed the room of the Queen of

’ ’ r n a f Nava re i ste d o d Alencon s .

Annibal Coconat (or Coc onata ) is said by M.

De Crue to have been taken “a s an as sociate by

La Mo e to s u ersona coura e in h ch he ll pply p l g , w i was ack n The ere o h s ecre a en s of l i g . y w b t t g t

a n h ch o er was under h II. a a s Sp i , w i p w P ilip lw y in dustriously fomenting the religious tr oubles in

ha n oken of h r . i uo ed as v s Fran ce . C a les IX s q t i g p

“ an Coconat thus : Coconat was a valiant gentlem . 24 INTRODU TORY E C NOT . but he was wicked ; he was one of the wickedest men v n in m k n I r li i g y i gdom. ememb er having heard him s a amon o her h n s hen he vaun ed y, g t t i g , w t his ar in the a n Bar ho ome ha he had p t S i t t l w, t t b ought from the han ds Of the p eopl e thirty Hugue n ots in order t o have the s atis faction o f killing

hem af er his own easure h ch was rs to t t pl , w i , fi t make them renoun ce their religio n with a promise to save he r ves h s e n d one he k e d hem t i li ; t i b i g , ill t

hi on ar cr e h e era with s p i d u lly wit s v l c uts .

“ Th s monarch who was horr ed at such ck i , ifi wi ” “ ” e ness and cr ue is he s ame who s o od at d lty, t t the n do of the Louvre on the s ame occas on wi w i ,

Sh o n a a n Hu u no s h hi ar o ti g t p s si g g e t wit s quebus . In 1 574 a s cheme was formed (by La Moll e

’ which pr ovided that d Alen con w as to fly from

ar s the K n of Navarre Turenne and P i with i g , ,

Coconat a nd ut h ms e f at the head of all the , p i l ma con en s of the k n dom the e ec a on e n l t t i g , xp t ti b i g that Ludwig of Nas s au an d his ar my would support him as e as En and German and the Ne her , w ll gl , y , t

n Th s oi he u n mo her ho ever a ds . e es t ee l pi q t , w ,

’ f r ou len on n he n of e reted t the plot . D A c a d t Ki g

Navarre ere ke r s oners in the Louvre h e w pt p i , w il

La o an he rs was M lle d Coc onat were arrested . T fi t

ooked u on as the head of the c on s rac Coc onat l p pi y , mer a n he re o h ut to ely s a instrument . T y we b t p

26 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. sented her to us here in quite as favorable a light as the known facts o f her life and character war

h s or an Mo e has had a ord ran . Our own t i t i , tl y, w to s ay of her when telling the s tory of her brother

’ Francois s brief experience as Governor-General of

he e h r nd Her re a on s h ha r h r t N t e la s . l ti wit t t b ot e have b een comm ented upon very s everely ; s he accom an ed him to the Ne her ands here s he p i t l , w added m any nam es to the lis t of those whom her charms had s e uced — n o a ha of Don ohn d , t bly t t J

A s r a the hero of Le an o of u . t i , p t

It ou d b e d f cu ndeed to ma ine a a e w l i fi lt, i , i g t l otherwis e than inter esting which shou ld have for

its c en ra ure or for one of its cen ra ures the t l fig , t l fig ,

' ov a insou ct a nt ca va n ova e but ha j i l, , pti ti g, l bl , wit l

shre d and c a cu a n Henr de Bour on K n of w l l ti g, i b , i g

H n f er a d r I . o r Navarre a w r s e V f ance. A a s , t i F lw y

r esen a a and m ock n s ec re in the m nds of p t, g y i g p t i

Ca her n e de Médicis and her ch d ess s ons un t i il l ,

s a e in ove and in re on but a a s m an t bl l ligi , lw y ly

and rave ener ous and o a the s on of eanne b , g l y l, J

’ d Albret is the rue hero of he a o s Romanc t t V l i es . MARGU RIT DE VAL S E E OI .

T F HA LIS O C RACTERS .

— P ri 7 75 . e o d , 1 5 2 1 5

f n C A IX . n o Fra ce . H RLES , Ki g ’ DuO d An ou H , , ENRI j his bro hers . ’ t F Duc d Alen on RANCOIS, c ,

C E I the . ueen Mo her ATHERINE DE M DIC S, Q t . n to har s IX E E uee C e . LIZAB TH, Q l n o f Navarre af erwards Henr IV HENRI DE BOURBON, Ki g , t i . V hi w fe s . MARGUERITE DE ALOIS, i P C uchesse de orra ne s s er of Mar uer RINCESS LAUDE , D L i , i t g ite

de Valois . m s r f har e T ess o C s IX. MARIE OUCHET, i t l ’ C he r nfan son afterwards Duc d An ouléme HARLES, t i i t , g . de u s L D ue e . HENRI DE ORRAINE , G i h r- n-l w D E N is s s e i a . UCH SSE DE EVERS, i t

BARON DE SAUVE . S his w fe ad -in-wa n to Ca her ne de MADAME DE AUVE , i , l y iti g t i Médicis .

MAE MOISELLE D her w n -w man E I a o . AR OLE , iti g GILONNE dau h er of Marsha de Ma non nd confidan e o f , g t l tig , a t

Mar uer e de a o s g it V l i .

h r the old nurse Of C a es IX . MADELON, l C LERAC OMTE JOSEPH HYACINTHE BONIFACE DE DE LA MOLE , Hu u v r uer e d a o s a eno be o ed b Ma e . g t, l y g it V l i C COCONNAS a Ca ho c be oved b the OMTE ANNIBAL DE , t li , l y uchesse de Never D s . LI C E 28 ST OF CHARA T RS .

MAiTRE CABOUOHE headsman the rovos r Par s , to p t y of i . “ ’ F A LoUVIERs-MAUREVEL the n s r e . R NCOIS DE , Ki g Kill I R E F oren ne erfumer her Ma es ueen MA TRE EN , l ti , p to j ty the Q ” o h r M t e . P E sur eon AMBROISE AR , g . N Ca a n uards a her ne M. C Mé ic s d i . DE ANCEY, pt i of the G to t i de

MAiTRE HURIERE a Ca hol c landlord e le Eo e Inn. LA , t i , of the B l t il EG servan G . R OIRE , his t A RI RE MAD ME LA HU E . M rman offi er adheren D . e c ue u se . DE BESME , a G , and t to the de G i f varr ORTHON a e Henr O Na e . , p g to y

M B overnor ncennes . . DE EAULIEU, G of Vi ’ n rds C P GE s ua . A TAIN LA ASTRO, of the Ki g G B C C W, ISHOP OF RA O mbass adors from o and A P l . THE P L ALATINE ASCO, A C DMIRAL DE OLIGNY, P C N E RINCE DE O D , TELIGNY M. DE , - M. . S P L DE MOUY DE AINT HA E, Hu ueno s M. S DE ANCOURT, g t . M B E . DE ARTH LEMY, L MERCANDON AMBERT ,

O son . LIVIER, his MERCANDON MADAME DE , - E E LE PROCUREUR G N RAL .

PRESIDENT OF THE COURT AT VINCENNES. C CLERK OF THE OURT .

h s c an. MAZILLE , a p y i i LA DAME DE MONSOREAU

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

“ I am e de ons or au we find H nr N La D M e e . , i III ,

n h hr the h rd son of Henr . occu t e one of t i i II , pyi g t

’ ran He was ho as Duo d An ou a ce . w w s F it , j , “ chos en K n of o and — as re a ed in Mar i g P l , l t

uer e de a o s and who re urne to ar s s o g it V l i , t d P i

h h n hi o or une as C ar es IX . was rea s as pp t ly l b t i g l t, summoned Ca her ne de Med c s hose favor e by t i i i , w it

son he was . We find him as and eakes of the , l t w t

a o s s urrounded an d ru e un or h avor V l i , l d by w t y f “ es the famous M nons and much ess n it , ig ; l ki g in fac han an one of ha f a d o n o h r t t y l ze t e s . _ The Catholic League has grown in numbers and in audac and the Gu ses find a n oo in ity , i willi g t l

’ ’ the kin s ro her ran o s Duc d An ou former g b t , F c i , j , ly

’ Duc d Alen on n ow as a a s read to comm c , , lw y , y it any treachery an d enter into any agreement which

h ac n of a cro n on hi h a looks to t e pl i g w s e d . The various s cenes in the Abbey of Sainte Genevieve will be to many readers among the mos en ros sin from he r h s or ca n er s as t g g, t i i t i l i t e t well as from the pr ominent part taken in them 30 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

“ h n m a h h our e r t e e C co t e c s e . If by i i it bl i t, t j t

D umas had d one n o h n e se to earn our ra ude t i g l g tit , it would certainly be due to him in large measure for n n uS o make the ac ua n ance of h o e abli g t q i t C ic t, “ whose j esting served his master far better than “ ” h vo on of all his non Nev r the selfis de ti Mig s . e w as a character in hi story or romance farther re moved from the c ommon c onception of a court fool ; and while he is responsible for s ome of the mos t amu sing and entertaining chapters that were ever r en he akes no s e ndeed scarce u ers w itt , t t p , i tt a ord h ch has n ot a e n e ur ose c onnec ed w , w i d fi it p p t

h the n eres s of the n hose on rue wit i t t ki g , w ly t friend he seems to be ; while at the same time he s ees him as he is in all his ea nes s and , w k

’ fi mi c ma i r e e na and es es h m at h is ue va ue . y, ti t t l Whether he is engaged in drinking Gorenfiot under the a e be a or n the Duc de Ma enne h le t bl , l b i g y w i h e vainly s truggles to crawl through a hole too sma for his famous aunch or h n his o her ll p , fig ti g t

Old enem the a er N c o as Dav d to the dea h y , l wy i l i , t , he is a a s the s ame Ch co — c oo shre d er lw y i t, l , w , p fectl s e f- os ses sed rave as a li on and h an y l p , b , wit in exhaus tible store of good-humore d persifiage and i biting w t . “ The ass ons in our ales sa s Andre Lan p i y t , y w g , “ ” “ in Le ers to Dea Au hors are honora e and tt d t , bl 3 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1

r r h m H n r v rave the mo ves a e c ea u an . o o o e b ; ti l ly , l , friendship make the threefold clew your knights and dames follow through how delightful a laby ” rinth of adventures ! How fitly do these words apply to thos e portions

x i ” of La Damede Mons oreau which are c oncerned with the pass ion aroused by Diane de Méridor in

the hear of ha hero of heroes Com e Lou s de t t t , t i

’ C ermon ca e Bus s d Amb ois e and h the l t, ll d y , wit

a a resu of ha as s on con r u e to the f t l lt t t p i , t ib t d by

’ ea ous of Monsoreau the co ard ce of d E ern on j l y , w i p ,

and the n orn m o ve ess c edness of ha mos i b , ti l wi k t t t

c on em e of all charac ers in rench h s or t ptibl t F i t y ,

’ ran o s de a o s Duc d An ou F c i V l i , j

’ The heroic defence Of Buss y d Amboise again st the c ombined attack of Mon soreau and his band of

’ ruffians and the cut-throats in the pay of d Epern on long ago took its place at the head of the master

f r on in i s k n pieces o des c ipti t i d .

in the same e a s Mr . Lan er uo e from S y g , l tt q t d “ ab ove : I kn ow four good fights of one against a

n ra r These are h multitude i lite tu e . t e Death of

Gretir the ron the Dea h of Gunnar of Lithend St g , t ,

the Dea h of Here ard the Wake and the D ea h t w , t

’ can m of Bussy d Amb oise . We c o pare the s trokes of the her oic fighting times with those des cribed in

a er da s and u on m ord I do n ot kno ha l t y ; p y w , w t t IN E 32 TRODUCTORY NOT . the short sw ord of Gretir or the bill of Skarphedin or the b ow of Gunnar was better wielded than the rapier of your B ussy or the sword and shield of

H r erewa d . But inour admiration of the magnificent swor ds man sh the su er c oo ness an d the hero c coura e ip , p b l , i g of the c en ra ure we mus not over ook the t l fig , t l other elements which add to the power of the des cription and the tense and thrilling interest of the s cene on the one hand the unse sh devo on , , lfi ti i of Rémy and the heart-broken despaIr of Diane ; on the o her hand the c o d- ooded heartlessness v t , l bl

’ and c n c s m of d An ou the rea ns a or of the y i i j , l i tig t

o a a ns his o u ar and o er u ndeed too pl t g i t p p l p w f l i , powerful follower.

’ Diane lived ! Her love for Bussy. d Amb ois e was the un dying passion of a n oble-hearted woman who loves but once she lived to avenge the murder of

f h ro a sas n n her lover upon the head o t e yal s si . I ” The or - ve the h r and as of the a o s F ty Fi , t i d l t V l i c c e of romances Dumas has fo o ed and de y l , ll w s cribed the cours e of her vengeance to its fearful

end.

LI F C E 34 ST O CHARA T RS .

ffi n M. C o cer k . DE RILLON , an of the i g Due u se HENRI, de G i , C L ARDINAL DE ORRAINE , DUO DE MAYENNE , D P s s e r UCHESSE DE MONT ENSIER, his i t , MAiTRE N D advoca e IC LAS AVID , t , O an ea uers cons r n L g , pi i g P GONDY M. IERRE DE , a a ns Henr III g i t i . ’ M. G D AUNIs LE OUVERNEUR ,

M. C DE ASTILLON, L BARON DE USIGNAN,

. R O M C U E, M L . ECLERC,

CHANCELLOR DE MORVILLIERS .

Ca a n the uards . M. N DE ANCEY, pt i of G

P F su er or the Conven Sa n e Genev eve. JOSE H OULON, p i of t of i t i ’ ” BONH MET hos Corne d Abondance C O . LAUDE , t of the

BER UILLET the hos e r La Cro . M. NO , of t l y of ix e e Eo e Inn MAiTRE HURIERE . LA , of the B ll t il EN BROTHER GOR FLOT. Y— I T HE FOR T F V E .

NTR D T RY N TE I O UC O O .

SOME six or s even years elapsed between the tr agical

’ ea h of Buss d Amboise as to d in the conc ud n d t y , l l i g

“ ” cha ers of La Dame de Mons oreau and the pt , coming to Paris of the famous Gascon b ody-guar d of n in h s or as the or - ve He r III. no n i , k w i t y F ty Fi , w h h n it w ich this tale ope s . The vengeance wrought by Dian e de Méridor u on the r nce who was the ns i a or of the p p i , i t g t concer e a ac u on Buss is the heme rom t d tt k p y, t f

“ which the Forty-Five derives mos t of its r o ma D an the ove ova e ov n n c n eres . e ti i t t i , l ly, l bl , l i g

oman has ecome a c o d ove es s ess s a ue w , b l , l l , pitil t t , living only to avenge her murdere d lover ; but she is s eau fu a mos su erhum an eau till b ti l, l t p ly b ti fill — so beautiful that Henri de J oyeus e is lost in ho e ess ove of her and ha the er fidious Duc p l l , t t p

’ d An ou the o ec of her re en ess ur su hi rs ts j , bj t l tl p it, t to ossess her and his ver as s on m akes her p , by y p i 36 IN DU TRO CTORY NOTE.

H r c o as eas . s o re rds ha he e rom an t k y i t y t t di d, f une a ne cause at Cha eau-Th err on the a xpl i d , t i y d te

n here assig ed .

The acquaintance s o pleasantly begun in the ear er s or h Ch co is here rene ed h li t y, wit i t, w wit

r r even g eate delight . Disguised as Maitre Robert

Br ue to esca e the ven eance o he ue iq t, p g f t D de

Ma enne he is no es s or na and amus n h y , l igi l i g t an in his ro er ers on — no ess ac ve in his car for p p p , l ti e the interests of the somewhat unappreciative and un ra e u mas er to hom his fa hfu a achmen g t f l t , w it l tt t

r ar neve v ies .

’ The whole episode of the j ester s mission to the

Cour of Navarre — his ha ar ous ourne his r ef t z d j y, b i

“ ” s a at Nerac the hun h ch ended at Cahors t y , t w i , and his narration of his experiences to the king on his return would alone be sufficient to s tamp the

’ Forty-Five as one of the very best of our author s

n In all his var ed er ences Ch co roma ces . e i xp i , i t never found his match in shrewdnes s and finess e

ords h Henr of avarr And till he crossed sw wit i N e. how ran he ackno e e his defea and f kly wl dg d t,

’ warmly each appreciated the other s merits ! The events which led to the journey of the Due

’ d Anj ou to Flanders with the hope of wearing a IN DUC N E 3 TRO TORY OT . 7

cro n at as the cour se of W am of Oran e w l t, illi g

o ards the rench r nce and the a or ve a em t w F p i , b ti tt pt u on An er are suffic en ouched u on In the p tw p, i tly t p

f r all hi od of the s or . ran o s a e s on n b y t y F c i , t l gi g and schem d ed uncro ne and ma b e ing , i w d it y doubted whether he would ever have ascended the

h n n if h ha u r rench ro e eve e d o ved his ro he . F t , tli b t

Had he done s o is sa e to s a ha the cr mes , it f y t t i and sh ortcomings of his brothers would have been a mos or o en and the od um h ch a aches to l t f g tt , i w i tt the memory of the last degenerate Valois kings

o hav been c oncen ra e u on hi w uld e t t d p m . The constant growth of the Holy League under the eadersh of the Gu ses and h the a mos l ip i , wit l t

a na f h II of i avo ed ro e o . a n s n eres w p t g P ilip Sp i , i t t ingly woven in to the narrative ; perhaps we n eed n ot marvel at the success of a cause which had for its high priestess so charming a pers onality as the hero ne of the ce e ra ed o den s c ssors - ha ener i l b t g l i , t t

e c intr i a nte the c ever and fasc na n D uches se g ti g , l i ti g de Montpensier . It is in teresting to know the estimation in which

’ these r omances were held by their author s com

a r o Geor e and herse a nove s of the rs p t i t, g S , lf li t fi t rank . IN E 38 TRODUCTORY NOT .

“ Says Andrew Lang in his Essays in Little

or e hanced o v h f M. B i c t isit t e amous novelist j ust

’ be ore her dea h and oun Dumas s nove ‘ Les f t , f d l,

’ — n h r uaran e C n on e a e . He e ressed Q t i q, lyi g t bl xp his wonder that she was reading it for the first

’ ‘ m a ‘ me . For the rs e ! s she wh h s is ti fi t ti id ; y , t i

“ the fifth or Sixth time I have read Les Quarante

h o her h n I m C n and t e s . W e a an ous i q t ill, xi , me ancho re scoura ed no h n he s me l ly, ti d, di g , t i g lp

h ro against moral and p ysical t ubles like a book . of

’

D umas . THE F Y— FI OR T V E .

LIST OF CHARACTERS .

5 Pe ri o d , 1 8 5 .

N I I n France . HE R LL, Ki g of w f L E L I e . OUISE E ORRA NE , his i ’ F I S Du d An ou bro her Henr e . RANCO . j , t of i III ’ B confidan Duc d An ou . AU ILLY, the t of j C E ueen Mo her ATHERINE DE M DICIS, the Q t . ’ C n s es er ass n under name Robert HICOT, the Ki g j t , p i g the of r u B iq et .

A Due J o euse rand dm ra France. NNE , de y , G A i l of JOYEUSE Com e du oucha e HENRI DE , t B g , his brothers F Card na Jo euse i RANCOIS, i l de y , ’ N Du d E ernon L L c . OGARET DE AVA ETTE , p - COMTE DE SAINT AIGNAN . - M. I F r LO GNAO Ca a n o F ve uardsmen. DE , pt i of the ty i G V ERNAUTON CARMAINGES ICOMTE DE , M - . S L DE AINTE MA INE,

M. C A DE H LABRE , PEROUDAS PINOORN AY, For -F ve DE of the ty i . ERTINAx MONTORABEA P DE U, E X USTACHE DE MIRADOU ,

HECTOR DE BIRAN, M . C L L Co one of the . French uards DE RI ON , l l G .

M. V c ommand n arr son DE ESIN, i g the g i at Cahors . D E L IANE DE M RI OR , RE Y M LE HAUDOUIN .

THE SU or C V OF HOSPITALI RE PERIOR THE ON ENT THE E S. 40 LIS F H E S T O C ARACT R .

Due ui se HENRI, de G , DUO DE MAYENNE , D his s ster UCHESSE DE MONTPENSIER, i , MAYNEVILLE M. DE , C E M. ea uer DE RUC , L g s . B -L USSY ECLERC, M E U . D MARTEA , N P U eu enan ICOLAS O LAIN, li t t to the rovos ar s p t of P i ,

PRESIDENT BRISSON OF THE COUNCIL . M OE . DE SAL DE . n Navarre HENRI DE BOURBON, Ki g of . w fe MARGUERITE , his i .

M. T DE URENNE, ’ M D AUB IAO Court Navarre . , of the of . - M. D P U LESSIS DE MORNAY, “ la Fosseuse m s ress of MADEMOISELLE DE MONTMORENCY, , i t

the King of Navar re.

A N r nce Oran e. WILLI M OF ASSAU, P i of g HE A T BURGOMASTER OF NTWERP . G F em sh sa or OES, a l i il . ' D “ GORENFLOT OM MODESTE , E E BROTHER US BE , Jacobins B U r or . ROTHER JACQ ES, of the P i y of the BORROMEE BROTHER , R P BROTHE ANURGE , “ ’ I BONHOMET hos Corne d Abondance inn . MA TRE , t of the MAfTRE FOURNIOHON hos The Sword rave Cheva , t of of the B ” er li .

D FOURNIOHON w fe . AME , his i LARDILLE CHAVANTRADE w fe Eusta he M radou c . DE , i of de i x

MILITOR CHAVANTRADE her son. DE , MAiTRE MI N, TO bour eo s g i . FRIARD JEAN , h s c an MIRON, a P y i i .

4 2 IN DU TRO CTORY NOTE.

Those readers who find a never-failing s ource of enj oyment in what Macaulay might have c alled ’ ’ the a u da ci a Ga scom ca of D Arta nan and in the g , s m e-hear ed ood-humored un uest on n lo i pl t , g , q i i g y a of or hos the T an who never re of lty P t , it ; ti travelling with the famous four from Paris to London to s ave the honor of Anne of Austria ; who follo w with bated breath the gradual perver sion and c orruption by Milady of the Puritan

e on and shudder at the ven eanc e reake F lt , g w d upon her by those to whom her h ideous crimes have rou h unha ness an d suffer n all s uch b g t ppi i g , may take c omfort in the as surance that every pain ful or pleasurable emotion they feel ha s been felt and ackn owledge d by those wh ose j udgment in r r r Th i matte s lite a y we love to respect . e list s a long one of eminent writers who have b orne tes ti mony to the enj oyment they have taken in the

u of h r o f he e um do ghty deeds t e he oes t s vol es . Think of a whole day in bed an d a good n ovel for a Com an on ! s a s Thackera in his Round p i y y, ” “ ’ r h h va er d Arta nan to e about Pape s . T e C e li g t ll me s tories from dawn to night ! Suppose A hos orthos and Aram s shou en er h a t , P , i ld t wit m a h f no se ess s a er cur n he r us c es . O i l w gg , li g t i t our hero c heroes I h nk Monse neur A hos y i , t i ig t , I h r d Coun de la ere is m favor e . ave ea t F , y it about him from sunrise to sun set with the utmost con en men of m nd He has as sed hrou h how t t t i . p t g E INTRODUCTORY NOT . 4 3

man vo umes ? or ? f ? I sh for m y l F ty Fi ty wi , y

ar here ere a hundre more and ou d never p t, t w d , w l re of him rescu n r soner s un sh n rufii ans ti i g p i , p i i g , and running s coundrels through the midriff with

f ra r Ah A h os or hos an d his mos race u e . t g l pi , t , P t ,

‘ ” Aram s i are a ma n cen r o ! i , i g ifi t t i Ro er Lou s S evenson an d Ha ard the c ever b t i t yw , l

essa s have ut he mse ves unhe s a n on yi t, p t l , it ti gly, record as ardent admirers of Dumas and his chiv alr ous heroes ; and An drew Lang surrenders to the

charm u e as c om e e and in his mos race s q it pl t ly, t g “ ful manner in one of his Le ers to Dead , tt ” Author s .

You ave us he wr es the va or of g , it , l

’ D Arta nan the s ren h of or hos the me an g , t gt P t , l chol n o of A hos : Honor Ch va r and y bility t , i l y, d c ar ur h r Frien dship . I e l e yo c a acter s are real

fr n eo e to me and old e ds . The re roach of p pl , i p being amusing has s omewhat dimmed your fame The ha for a m oment . s dow of this tyran ny will soon be over as and men and women — an d a ove p t, b all o s — au h and e over the a e of , b y will l g w ep p g a r uma ke co h m e u k A e nd e D s . L s f o a e l x i S tt i l , y t

v in I r m em er a v r us capti e our childhood . e b e y

‘ idle little boy who w as busy with the Three ’ Musketeers when he Should have been occupied ’ ’ ’ ‘ w n f with Wilkin s s Latin Pr ose . T e ty years a ter (alas ! and more) he is still c onstant to that gallant com an and at h s ver momen is rea h es s p y , t i y t b t l ly 4 4 IN DU E TRO CTORY NOT .

on er n he her Gr maud s a M de B au w d i g w t i will te l . e ’ ” for ou of he ar na t t t C di l s pris on . It may b e s aid of this and of the other volumes ’ of the group in which D Artagnan is a principal ure as n deed ma be s a d of all the h s tor ca fig , i it y i i i l a es of h s ncom ara e r er ha the n eres t l t i i p bl w it , t t i t t is greatly intensified by the knowledge that in all the ma n fea ures as e as in man de a s the i t , w ll y t il , n arra ve dea s h e -vouche d h s or ca fac s ti l wit w ll i t i l t , and h ersona es who have a c ua e s ed wit p g t lly xi t , and whos e portraits are generally drawn with great faithfulness . The ead n mo ive of h s a e Card na R che l i g t t i t l , i l i ’ lieu s bitter enmity to Anne of Austria and to her

osom-fr end and c on dan e Madame de Chevreuse b i fi t , , - The ame i rue of is a well authenticated fac t . s s t ’ the n s ack of affec on for his w fe h ch ki g l ti i , w i originated m her apparent partiality for his brother ’ Gas on who was at rs kn ow n as Duc d An ou t , fi t j ,

’ “ af er ards as Duc d Orléan s and was the fa her of t w , t ” he d sa o n men of La Grande Mademoiselle . T i pp i t t ’ h ueen on -c on nued s er Louis XIII . at t e q s l g ti t ility c ontributed to alienate his affection from her ; b ut ’ the o erfu n uence of the k n s mas er the p w l i fl i g t ,

omn o en card na was the r nc a fac or in ip t t i l , p i ip l t f keeping the husband and wi e apart . ’ Richelieu s hatred for the y oung queen dated rom an ear er od af er her arr va in rance f ly p i t i l F , hen the ueen mo her Mar e de Médicis a ou h w q t , i , lth g T D TOR IN RO UC Y NOTE. 4 5 s ome hat d s cred ed was s a o er to b e r eck w i it , till p w ’ o med h a nd in the even of the k n s dea h wit , t i g t

thou s s ue ou d a a n ec ome re en t dur n wi t i , w l g i b g i g the m n or of Ga s on a c on n en c e ua to b e i ity t , ti g y q lly

u n n h ar n a ou s s dreaded by the q ee a d t e c di l . L i w a

" ll ho w ill n o one kn e and the c ard na deter i , w ; i l k He arra ed h mse f in th mined on a b old stro e . y i l e c ostume of a c avalier — he was then y oung an d hands ome — and paid a vis it to Ann e of Aus tria one evenin g at the hour when her ladies genera lly

ef her a one he des red to s eak wi h her s o he l t l ; i p t ,

a d o n affa r f nded e ce her s s o S a e . na e i , i t t U tt x pt by old an sh ma d she rece ved him r ac ous an d Sp i i , i g i ly, w as a t onCe in formed by him that his real purpose w as to s eak of her ow aff p n airs .

He o d her tha the k n w as ser ous ha t l t i g i ly ill, t t his h s c an had o d him ha a th ou h dea h p y i i t l t t, l g t w as not mm nen he c ou d never rec over an he i i t, l ; d thereup on forc ibly impres sed up on her how deplor able wou ld be her Situ ation if the king Sh ould die hou an he r of his wit t i b ody . She w as painfully surprised, but replie d to his

’ re resen a ons ha he r fa e was in God s han ds p t ti t t t i t , and no h n m ore w as to be sa d t i g i . ” “ Yes sa d the card na s m n but God s a , i i l , ili g ; id

‘ to his creatures : Help yourself and heaven will ’ he lp you . Being pressed by the quee n to divulge his real mean n he na did s o and avo ed his ove for i g, fi lly , w l IN E 4 6 TRODUCTORY NOT . her as a j ustification for the audacious proposals he “ make The ueen! d ssem ed h r dared to . q i bl e con

’ em and de erm ned to see how far the car d na s t pt, t i , i l ” r hi passion would car y m .

She demanded me fon re ec on and made a n ti fl ti , appointment with him for the next night ; and in the mean me in concer w h Madame de Chevreuse ti , t it ,

c oc a scheme o make him r c h n con ted t idi ulous . W e he a eared the ne n h the ueen s a d ha she pp xt ig t , q i t t des red to ut his affec on to the ro of and here i p ti p , t i fore deman ded that he should dance a saraband for her in the c os ume of a S an sh uffoon To her t p i b . sur r se he at once con sen e on c ond on ha she p i t d, iti t t shou d be the on s ec a or and h a the mus c l ly p t t , t t i

Should be furnished by a retainer of his o wn . The f o o n n h Ma ame de Chevreuse ll wi g ig t, d , Vauthier and Ber n hen ere car efu s o we , i g w lly t d

The o n s r a a eh d a s creen . v a ea ed w y b in i li i t pp , o o ed shor the card na h mse f arra ed in f ll w tly by i l i l , y reen ve ve reeches and dou e h s ver e s g l t b bl t , wit il b ll a at his knees an d castanets in his h nds . At a es ure from the ueen he e an to erform g t q , b g p the sara and c a er n a ou the r oom and av n b , p i g b t w i g his arms in due or m n uck the ver ser ous f . U l ily, y i n ess with which the c ardinal went abou t it was so absurd to look upon that the queen could n ot keep h n A o d a s o er face an d urs out au . ro n e b , b t l g i g p l g shr ek of au h er c ame from eh nd the screen i l g t b i , like a h ar na a ha ha he n echo of hers . T e c di l s w t t w t INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 4 7 had taken for a special favor was only a practical

oke and he ef the room in a fur ous ra e . j , l t i g Poor fools they were to play thu s with the cardinal

’ ra h To be sure ha ra h w as s an duke s w t , t t w t till

Af er the dea h of ou ev e u nknown quantity . t t B t ill ,

' ontmoreiid Cha a s an d C n -Mars he cer M y, l i , i q , t y tainly would n ot have risked such a dangerou s

pleasantry . “ While they were laughing at its succes s the cardinal was vowing everlasting hatred to Anne of ” m h u Au stria and Mada e d e C evre se . When the D uke of Buck n ham the ma n cen i g , g ifi t and accomplished courtier and favorite of Charles

me o the ren ch c our as ne o a or of the I . ca t , F t g ti t

ro ected a ance e een Char es hen r n ce of p j lli b tw l , t P i ’ Wa es and the k n s S s er Henr e a Mar a he l , i g i t , i tt i ,

" fe at once a v ct m t o the charm s of the ueen ll i i q ,

a n o s ecre of his nfa ua he a ous and m de t i t tion . T j e l hatred of the car dina l was quick to seize this means of annoying the woman who had so deeply wounded - m Hi m ar his self estee . s e iss ies watched every m ove men of the ueen and the am assador and his t q b , by means dev ces of all sor s ere res or ed to and i t w t ,

traps laid to dishonor her . As the difficu lties in

the wa of mee n the o ec of his affec ons y ti g bj t ti , ’ e ce s ea h ecame rea er the duke s ex e x pt by t lt , b g t , p dients to overcome them became ever more daring and foo hard and in all o f he m h found a ze a l y, t e l ous coa u or in Ma ame de Chevreuse ove dj t d , l ly, 4 8 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. c ever and audac ou s read to en er hear and l , i , y t t Sou n o an n r u e no ma er how h ms ca l i t y i t ig , _ tt w i i l ” - or hare brained . The duke prolonged the negotiations for the ° marr a e as on as he c ou d and hen at as he i g l g l , w l t w as obliged to leave Fran ce with the new queen o f

En an d he u sed all his o er to o a n a erma gl , p w bt i p

n m am a a or nent appoi t ent as b ss d to Louis XIII . “ ” He set fire to two rea n dom s s a s one g t ki g , y “ chron c er s ak n the fu ure of En an d hose i l , t i g t gl , w

r u n he near c om as sed and his own fe h ch i ly p , li , w i

he nall os a a ns the - c ha nce of rema n n in fi y l t, g i t i i g

ran ce as am as s ador in order to b e near Ann e of F b ,

Aus r a in s e of the n e e e erm na on of t i , pit i fl xibl d t i ti h ” Ric elieu . The e sode of the d amond s uds in h ch pi i t , w i ’ ’ D Artagnan s passion for Madame Bo nacieux leads ’ to our heroes a n s o r om nen a ar ac ua pl yi g p i t p t, t lly

occurred s u s an a as here re a ed : the ueen , b t ti lly l t q bestowed the j ewels uponthe infatuated d uke ; the s nare was a d the card na and Buck n ham l i by i l, i g gave a m ost c onvincing pr oof of his devotion when he pu t an emb arg o upon all the por ts of Englan d while his own j eweller was making fac -similes to replace two of the pendants which had been c ut off “ M a l by il dy C arik . It is equally true that the murderous deed of the fanatic Felton occurred at a moment most opportunely chosen to serve the ends of Louis XIII

50 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. da s of he r defens ve and offens ve a ance hen y t i i i lli , w they thought no more o f casting defiance in the teeth of the great cardinal himself than of breakfast in in the as on of a n -Gerva s under the uns g b ti S i t i , g of Roche e to win a a er hen in shor he ll , w g , w , t, t y made for themselves the reputation for dauntl ess coura e nv nc e ro ess an d ch va rous al g , i i ibl p w , i l g lantry which passed into a tradition at the French c ur o t. THE THREE MUSKETEERS .

r HA A TE LIST OF C R C RS .

- Pe rio d , 1 6 26 1 6 28 .

L X II n of France. OUIS I , Ki g his w fe or I . ANNE AUSTR A, i D PLE Cardina R che eu M n s er of S a e ARMAND JEAN U SSIS, l i li , i i t t t . ke of uck n h m G V u . EORGE ILLIERS, D B i g a

P his confiden a servan . ATRICK, ti l t ’ M T E a ain of the n s Muske eers . C . DE R VILLE, pt Ki g t ’ DUO T E O commandin the Card na s a DE LA R M UILLE , g i l Gu rds . ’ D a ascon adven urer af erwards eu enan in the ARTAGNAN , G t , t li t t ’ n s Muske eers Ki g t . A THOS ’ “ the Three Muske eers s ervin un r d t , g de M. e P R H S ’ O T O évill Tr e .

ARAMIS, C R OMTE DE OCHEFORT, C in the serv ce of R che eu OMTE DE WARDES, i i li . L ADY DE WINTER, D C the fr end of Anne of us r a UCHESSE DE HEVREUSE , i A t i . C M. S LE OMTE DE OISSONS , ’ DUO D ELB OEU F, ’ C D HARCOURT OMTE ,

M. B DE BA ADAS, of the French Cour . DUO L E t DE ONGUEVILL , C R -G OMTE DE LA OCHE UYON, C CRAMAIL OMTE DE , C SOUVERAY HEVALIER DE ,

M. DE LIANCOURT . 5 2 LIST OF CHARACTERS .

M SEGUIER kee er of the Sea s . DE , p l . M BASSOMPIERRE . DE , !

M. Fren h offi ers t h e e of DE SCHOMBERG, c c a t e Si g ’ DUO ULE Roche e D ANGO ME, ll . M T . DE OIRAS,

C confiden a va e Of ou s XIII. LA HESNAYE , ti l l t L i D E the S anish confidan of nne of Aus r a ONNA STEFANIA, p t A t i . ’

. he ueen s servan M L P t . A ORTE , q t G ITAUT MADAME DE U , S E MADAME DE ABL , in a ndance on Anne of us r tte A t ia. MADAME DE MONTBAZON, GUEMENEE MADAME DE , S s es of R che eu a end n on Anne MADAME DE URGIS, pi i li , tt i g f u r L i o s a . MADAME DE ANNOY, A t i

JACQUES MICHEL BoNACIEUx . ’ C his w fe in ove w h D Arta nan. ONSTANCE , i , l it g

M. CO UENARD rocura or . Q , p t

CO UENARD In ove w h or hos. MADAME Q , l it P t hos G I rvan to . R MAUD, se t At ’ or hos s servan . MOUSQUETON, P t t

servan to ram s . BAZIN, t A i ’ ’

P D Arta nan s servan . LANCHET, g t ’ - - M D ESSART bro her in law of M. de Tréville command n a . , t , i g ’ h n uards company of t e Ki g s G . ’ S C an ens n in the n s uards . IEUR DE LA OSTE , ig Ki g G k ers f the Mus e e . M. o DE MONTARAN, t rds M. DUHALLIER command n a com an of ua . , i g p y g h rse f the h o . M. o DE BUSIGNY, lig t

M CAVOIS ’ . DE , uar s captains in the Cardinal s G d . HOUDINIERE LA , 2 J DE USSAC , 2 C C, DE AHUSA ’ d of the Cardinal s Guar s . 3 BIOARAT DE , 2 R J X DE BE NA OU ,

V Y a messen er of Card na R che eu . ITRA , g i l i li LIS OF CH E S T ARACT R . 5 3

’ L B acke of Com e de ardes U IN, l y t W BRISEMONT a so d er , l i . k F a ac e . OURREAU, l y GODEAU urve or of the Muske e rs , P y t e . THE E r XE CUTIONER o LILLE .

THE S or THE CARMELITE‘ CONVENT A B UPERIOR T ETHUNE . I H C R CE T E URAT MONTDIDIER . THE P I OF E su erior of the esu s R NCIPAL AMI NS , p J it . ’ M. A the e der D RTAGNAN, l , ’ ’ ’ D Arta nan s arents i g p . MADAME D ARTAGNAN, OF THE HOST JOLLY MILLER . OF THE HOST GOLDEN LILY . OF THE G ST T V HOST REAT . MARTIN A ERN . OF THE RED D V HOST O ECOT . L bro her-in-law of ad de nter ORD DE WINTER, t L y Wi . ’ K Y ad de in er s ma d. ITT , L y W t i m J K ecre ar of uck n ha . AC SON, S t y B i g L E N F L a ur an in the serv ce of ord I UTENANT JOH E TON, P it i L ’ d uck n ham s assass n de in er af erwar s . W t , t B i g i ’ m h O L Y a o ds . REI L , g l it

B commandin an En sh s oo . CAPTAIN UTLER, g gli l p

TWENTY YEARS AFTER .

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

“ ’ TWENTY years after the c oncluding s cenes of “ the Three Musketeers bring the reader to the ear 1 64 8 — the ear wh ch saw the e nn n of y , y i b gi i g

f “ the ur es ue w ars of. the r onde in rance and the b l q F F , grim an d tragical close of the’ Civil War in Eng

f har and h the r a an d e ecu on o C es I. l , wit t i l x ti l ,

’ D Arta nan s the ca : Gas c on s eu enan g , till typi l ; till li t t

' of Muske eers af er wen e ars of serv ce and t t t ty y i ,

‘ s omewhat inclined to repine at the ingratitude of An ne of Aus r a the o erfu Re en in eav n t i , p w l g t, l i g so long unrewarded the valuable s ervic es rendered to Anne of Aus r a the ersecu ed and des sed t i , p t pi

‘ ueen is u c to d scern an o ortun to re ea q , q i k i pp ity p t the e o of he ear da xpl its t ly ys .

‘ With that obj ect in vie w he sets out from Paris in

‘ s arch of i fO A o h n e h s rm er c ompanions . t N is y e fi ds

’ Aram s who is now kno n as Mons eur l Abbé i , w i

’ ‘ d Herbla but hose s anc t is s lar el fiavored y, w ti y till g y h wor d ness and hos e affec ons have een wit l li , w ti b transferred from Madame de Chevreuse to Madame

' “ ” la Duches se de Lon uev e s s er of the rea g ill , i t g t 5 6 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

h Condé . She was the daughter of t e beautiful Charlotte de Montm orency (ma tr e p u lchr a fi lm

’ ulchmor and was orn in the don on at Vin~ p ) , b j c ennes ; as she was the heart and s oul of the

ronde our her o found her over e m nded to F , l littl i draw his s word for Mazarin . On the c onfines of

card on one of the es a es from h ch he der ves Pi y , t t w i i his high-sou nding appellation of Monsieur du Vallon de Brac eu de errefonds ves or hos the an i x Pi , li P t , gi t, urs n h am on to be cr a e a aron but b ti g wit biti e t d b , s the same a hfu rus n ood-humored s ou till f it l, t ti g , g l, asking b ut to follow wherever his cleverer friends ’ Ar a na mak may lead . With him D t g n es rendez vous at ar s and de ar s for B o s here he nds P i , p t l i , w fi his former c om an on-in-ar ms the m san hro c and p i , i t pi me anch o but n o e-m nded A hos rans formed l ly , bl i t , t

h hi e e an into the Comte de la Fere . Wit s pl b i name he has a d as de his en denc to ndu e , l i i t y i lg nord n a e in ne and has ec ome the erfec i i t ly wi , b p t type of a French gentleman in the highest s en se of h r n his es a e of Bra elonne t e o ds . D e on w w lli g t t g , n ear B o s he is rear n his s on from ho m the l i , i g ( w c oncluding work of this great s eries takes its name u on his own a ern to emu a e his v r ues ) p p tt , l t i t i and h s accomplishments . Our a an fr ends a a s one in hear and g ll t i , lw y t ur ose hou h s ome mes nom na en s ed on p p , t g ti i lly li t o os e s des coun for much in the o en n pp it i , t p i g scenes of the extraordinary uprising against Maz

IN TRODUCTORY NOTE.

“ our mé ri er son caeur our air e a se s b e aux e ux P t , p p l y , ’ ’ ” ai ai la uerr e aux r ois l aur ai fa a J f t g j e ite ux dieux .

In the m emoirs of Mademoiselle appe ars a letter “ r om her fa her Gas on addres sed to Mes dames f t , t , leS ' Comtes s es Maré cha es de cam i n the arm of , l p y ” m dau h er n ow in the field -a a ns Ma ar n y g t g i t z i .

These me mo rs of Madem o s e e h hos e of i i ll , wit t ’ Madame de Mo ev e one of the ueen s ad es tt ill , q l i in- a n an d of the Card na de Re who ures w iti g , i l tz , fig in these volumes as the c oadj utor Archbis hop o f

‘ r d d are t he r n c a au hor a s M. e C o es P i , n y, p i ip l t iti for this period ; they w ere the main reliance of Voltaire in w riting t hos e portions o f t he Siecle ” ch ea h he ron her Lo I h d t e . T e de uis X V . w i l wit F d can be no more striking testimony to the extreme clos en es s w ith w hich D umas adheres to the facts o f history in the ground-work of his romances tha n i s ’ afforded by a perusal of Voltaire s chapters upon a “for h the period c overed b y this narrative . S ve t e “ ” e o s of the famous f our T en Years Af er xpl it , w ty t might fairly be called a his tory of the e ar ly days of the Fronde f so c ose oes the au hor adhere t o , l ly d t the h s or ca se uence of { even s and he r e ffec i t i l q t t i t,

r f to say n othing of his a ccuracy in matte s o detail . h emons ra n n Broussel and the T e d t tio agai st M. “ other c ouncillors during t he Te Deum for the

To w n her ove to eli h her lovel e es I have tak i l , d g t y y , en up arms a g ains t the king ; I would have done the same a g ains t the gods . “ I TRODUQTOBY OTE. 5 9 _ N N

fi ‘ victory of Lens ; the day of the barricades ; the ’ queen s inclination to be obstinate ; the final flight

o a n -Germa n an the s carc f e d n here t S i t i , d ity o b d i g t I on of he c de on an the secessi t Prin e C ti d M . de n ue e from t ar of a a n t e a Lo g vill he p ty M z ri ;. h b ttle e een Co h h o san roo s and a b tw ndé, wit eig t th u d t p , u red o san o r eo at —r n on t e h nd th u d b u g is Cha e t , with h ’ unwarlike c onduc t o f the coadj utor s Corinth regi n — hese are o mea s t on o ccurrences me t, t by n n he ly related in these pages which res t upon un q uestion u ho able a t rity .

f r T e ue de Beau or ands on o Hen IV. and h D f t, gr i ’ a r e d s trée is o ne o f t he mos c res ue G b iell E s , t pi tu q ur s of o even houg h his c harac er fig e the peri d, t t m ha n o on hi e ca was s o ew t u stable . N t ly is s s pe from Vincennes described here !with substan tial “ curac b ut t e r od ales a lles a s he was ca le ac y, h h , l d e eo le who r him h m u b th a o e , is s e c re y p p _ d d i lf pi t d o h v ife -ev n to hi cu ar ac in t t e ery l , e s pe li f ility m s us n ords af er h f r la r o . i i g w t t e s tyle o Ms . Ma p p It is told of him that he said one day of Madame

r na w ho was in mourn n I met Ma : de G ig n, i g nan to- a and s he ooked ver dame de Grig d y , l y ’ — ubm ue d ss olute e e mean n :t o sa lu u br e l q ( i ) , i g y g r a a e h (melancholy) . She et li ted Wh n s e he ar d of it s a n n t a German n ob eman who , by ying, poi ti g o l “ was present ; He i s a s like the Due de Beaufort a on o of w a er ke a o er e ce ha he s e dr p t li n th , x pt t t k ” w s ea Fr h e t he u e . T e e k _ enc be r han h p s _ tt t d ll 60 TR Y IN ODUCTOR NOTE. known niggardliness of the thrifty Mazarin was a

’ ’ fair subj ect for M . de Beaufort s wit ; and the short allowance of bed-linen on which the young king was ke him is e au h n ca pt by w ll t e ti ted . The chapter which describes the meeting at the house of Scarron is particularly interes ting for the m se ves us of the eau fu Ind an Made gli p it gi b ti l i , ’ oi ll ra o A i n m se e F nc is d ub g é . She it was who be came Madame carron and hav n een n roduced S , i g b i t ’ into the royal circle as governess of the king s ch dren Madame de Mon es an at as su il by t p , l t p planted her patroness in the affections of her august s overeign ; and for thirty years ruled the kingdom of rance over the shou ders of the monarch whose F l , u ackno ed e e she n wl g d wif was .

It ma be remarked aren he ca ha the y , p t ti lly, t t incident related by Athos to Mad ame de Chevreuse in connection with the birth of Raoul de Bragelonne is based upon an actual occurrence in the life of that s omewhat eccentric lady . o a re ca s a en on to the s r k n con ras V lt i ll tt ti t i i g t t, as exemplified in their widely different methods of re e n a a ns cons u e au hor e een the b lli g g i t tit t d t ity , b tw a ona charac er s cs of the En sh who en ere n ti l t i ti gli , t d into their civil troubles with melancholy implaca bility and fury which was c arefully thought out eforehan who ook he r n in a e rou h b d ; t t i ki g b ttl , b g t him e ore a cour of us ce n erro a ed him con b f t j ti , i t g t , demned him to ea h and e ecu e him u c d t , x t d p bli ly INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 6 1 with the utmost decorum and regard for the for ms ” “ hos of he rench who n e of law and e t , u d , t F , pl g into rebellion from mere caprice an d w ith a smile on he r s under he eadersh of eau fu t i lip , t l ip b ti l women who used their char ms as a m eans of

n h n r ue seducing their opponents . Wit es s t e i t ig between Madame de L ongueville and Maré chal

Turenne .

This c ontrast has never been more strikingly

rou h out han in hese vo umes the f ed b g t t t l , by gi t au hor who has s o um ned and en vened h t ill i li , wit his marve ous art man of the m os en er a n n ll , y t t t i i g and engrossing periods of French his tory that the h s or se f is made to os sess enfo d n eres i t y it l p t l i t t, j ust as the zes t of the romance is enhanced by the historical accuracy of the facts upon which it is built . “ In the first o f his Roun a ou a ers Thack d b t P p , era e s of a v s to Chur in the Gr s ons and of y t ll i it i , a bo hom he fe in h in his a ks s o a sor ed y w ll wit w l , b b in a b ook he was reading as to be u tterly oblivious h to aug t else . “ What was it that s o fascinated the young stu dent as he sto od by the river-shore ? Not the Pans

Asin r um ha ok o e h ed him and nde o . W o s t b d lig t , bli d him to all he res of the or d s o ha he did n ot t t w l , t t care to see the a e- oman h her fru or more ppl w wit it , ( tempting still, to s ons of Eve) the pretty girls with

he r a e chee s who au hed and ra t ed roun t i ppl k , l g p t l d 62 INTRODUCTORY NOTE the fountain ! What w as t he book ? Do you sup o it was L v or the Gree rammar ? No i p se i y, k g ; t was a N VEL ha ou w ere r ea n ou a not O t t y di g , y l zy, v er c ean ood-for-n o h n sens b e o ! It was y l , g t i g, i l b y ’ D Arta nan ock n u Genera Monk in a box o r g l i g p l , ’ almost succeeding in keeping Charles the Firs t s " I was he ner of head o n. t t priso the Chateau d If cutting himself out of the sack fifty feet under water (I m ention the novels I like b est m ys elf n ove s w hou ove o r a ki or n o t ha s ort l it t l t l ng, a y f t

! of n onsense but con a n n en of h n es e , t i i g pl ty fig ti g , c ap

n r o er and rescu n , cu n himse f out of i g, bb y, i g) tti g l the ac and s mmin o the i s n o Mo t e s k, wi g t la d f n Cr s o ! O Dumas ! thou b e nd l i t O iza , ki , ga lant old Alexandre ! I hereby offer thee h omage h han for an ea an ur and g ive t ee t ks m y pl s t ho s. I have read thee (being sick in bed) for thirteen hours f a ha da and had the a es o th ouse o ppy y, l di f e h

fighting for the volumes. “ “ And ag ain he says : f I think (of th e prodigal ban quets to w hich this Lucullus o f a man h as

nv e me h han s and on er. To ha i it d , wit t k w d w t a series of splendid entertainments he has treated m e !

‘ Where d oes he find the m oney f or these prodigious feasts

In the en a com an ;of e r aut r f Es on g i l p y th ho q m d , “ we need not blush to enj oy the prodigious feast of a ven ures amus n hr n and ra ca -m d t i g, t illi g, t gi l which befall the gallant Frenchmen on both s ides N R TORY E 63 I T ODUC NOT .

The old tie formed en f he channe . ear o t l , tw ty y s

ore in the ranks of the mus e eers s ren hened bef k t , t gt

a se of me heir ch va rous s m a h for by l p ti , by t i l y p t y fallen grandeur in the per s on of the ill-fated Eng l sh monarch the shado of the err e s cene at i , by w , t ibl

Ar me n eres and its se ue in the re en ess ha re ti , q l l tl t d ’ o f Mordaun M ad s or h s on — the old tie t , il y w t y , , we s a was too s ron to be even s ra n ed the y, t g t i by es of the low - orn Ma ar n s o ha he her wil b z i ; t t, w t Fr ondeur s or Ca r dina lists in name he are a wa s , t y l y ru r h r -in- t e b ot e s arms .

T OF H R TE 66 LIS C A AC RS .

’ ER E the ueen sfirs va e de chambre B INGH N, Q t l t . ’ M D EMEEY Su er n enden of F nances . , p i t t i . ' M BLANCMESNIL res den of he ar am n . e , P i t t P li t . M TR overnor of the as e . . DU EMBLAY, G B till

’ 3 C V N overnor of ncennes Prlson DE HA IG Y, G Vi . 5 R E A AM E, officers at ncenne s j Vi . ’ ’ s D AE TAGNAN eu enan in the n s Muske eers , li t t Ki g t . s ER DE BELLI E , z R R V , DU E GE Muske e r t e s. ~ s C O . DE AMB N, s DE LILLEBONNE ’ a GUITAUT ca a n of the ueen s Guards ; DE , pt i Q ’ s CO lieutenant f ofi he ueen s uards. DE MMINGES, Q G - ’ s S N ~ h een s uards DE AI T LAURENT, of t e Qu G . ’ a R ca a n of the Ki n s . Guards; DE VILLEQUIE , pt i g NO T BEAUTIN the Cour Foo . GEN , t l

' CO T l a hos M E DE LA EEEE (former y c lled At ) .

O T BEACELONNE his son. VIC M E DE , ’

CHEV L E BLA ram s . A I B. DHEE Y (A i )

z D . V L N : - DE BIEEEEEONDS or hos . M . U AL o DE BRACIEUX (P t ) MO TO his ser an v . USQUE N, t IER ‘ MADEMOISELLE LOUISE DE LA VALL E. - MA S T R her mo her; DAME DE AIN EMY, t

AB E S RRO ~ B CA N . CHAUPERROIS his servan , t . ’ ’ M O FR O A E! afterwards! Madame ADEM ISELLE ANC ISE D UBIGN ,

Scarron and Madame de Maintenon. MADEMOISELLE PAULET M M. ENAGE .

M S ER . . DE CUD Y

’ MADEMOISELLE DE SCUDEEY. R ER LA B UY E , soldiers on BARTHOIS j , ' LIST OF HARA TER 7 C C S . 6

‘ B R THE CURATE OE ET UNE . Ex ECUTIONER or ETHU THE B NE . E N TT servan of Counc llor Brousse DAM ANE E , t i l. ’

M ER andlord of Redford s avern . . P EZ, l t

r n on Henr UOR T a ds of IV. DUC DE BEA F , g i DUCHESSE DE LONGUEVILLE E C E R U DUCH SSE DE H V E SE .

DUC DE LONGUEVILLE . E R DUC DE CH V EUSE . R T P INCE DE CON I . ’ D E cEUE DUC LE . O DUC DE B UILLON . M R MOTHE A ECHAL DE LA .

M E . . DE LUYN S M R TR A QUIS DE VI Y . R MAR P INCE DE CILLAC . M R I NOIB MO IER A QU S DE UT S. T F S UE COM E DE LE Q . M R L IGUE S A QUIS DE A . O TE MO TRE OR C M DE N S .

MARQUIS DE SEVIGNE.

M. R DE B ISSAC .

HANLEU. M. DE C RE E FRAN O S GONDY the afterwards AB J AN C I DE , Card nal de Re z i t . CO TE ROCREEORT M DE . CO N L R BRO U CI LO USSEL. LO UVLERES, his son . ’ C V I R MIE HE AL E D HU RES.

’ ’ ‘ ‘ H T former D Ar ta nan s servan now a confec ioner . PLANC E , ly g t, t

bead e at Notre ame . BAZIN, l D “ HE ST. M RR S P T E T C . RIE T or T S L S . US P S S E I, . U ICE, AND A M L R a mend can AIL A D, i t . 68 T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S .

M TUR UAINE hostess of the H6te de la Chevrette ADELAINE Q , l , ’ ’ D r A tagnan s lo dgings . FR T a cho r-bo at No re me IQUE , i y t Da . R G IMAUD, C R OT HA L , servan s of Com e de la Fér t t e . OLIVAIN,

BLASOIS,

r an f Du for BOISJ OLI se v o de eau t . , t e B ’ NO R O T the Due de eaufor s s eward I M N , B t t . HO T OF THE C R Ix S YGNE DE LA C O .

RO O a farm r St. ma n e at er . G S L UIS, G i OR OF THE CROW LANDL D NED SHEEP .

UR a s o d er a end n on Com e de uiche. BAIN, l i tt i g t G

RL n f n CHA ES I Ki g o E gland. H R TT or FR his w fe EN IE A ANCE, i . THE R H R TT P INCESS EN IE A, THE R C R OTT his chi dren P INCESS HA L E , l . THE or O T R DUKE GL UCES E , O V R RCMWELL LI E C . CO O H RR ON L NEL A IS , ’

C T GROSLow officers in Cromwe s arm . AP AIN , ll y COLONEL TOMLINSON har I R T R W of the Hi h Cour tr n C es . P ESIDEN B ADSHA , g t , yi g l

LADY FAIRFAX. O BISHOP JUX N . O N FR T R in the serv ce of Cromwe under J H ANCIS DE WIN E , i ll, h n me of Mordaun t e a t . OR T R his unc e L D DE WIN E , l .

RR servan of Char es I . PA Y , t l E R or A L LEVEN . TR a sa or PA ICK, il . BRAGEL N VICOMT E DE ON E.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

“ THE com e de Bra elonne the on es and in Vi t g , l g t ’ many respec ts the mos t powerful of the D Artagnan s er es was rs res en ed to the En sh-s eak n i , fi t p t gli p i g

u c in an u na r d ed tran s a on c onfor m n to p bli b i g l ti , i g

’ the au h or s own arr an emen and in reada e form t g t bl ,

h n h n o i rea by t e pres e t publis er s . Owi g t ts g t length it h ad previous ly been tr an s lated only in

a r form ached or on s o f oo an d ed . De t b i g t p ti it, , Th ch have appeare d from time to time . e apters d evoted to Mademois elle d e la Va lliere have been “ published separately un der the title of Louise de ” la a ere h e ha is c ommon kn o n as V lli , w il w t ly w “ ” The Ir on Mask is a translation of that portion of Bragelonn e which relates the attempted s ub sti ' tution of the Bastille prisoner for Louis X IV . The roman ce as was r en an d as is here , it w itt it

resen ed in En sh offers a m arve ou s fa hfu p t gli , ll ly it l picture of the French court from a period imme ’ diately prece ding the young king s marriage to his c ous n Mar a Theresa the Infan e of a n to the i , i , t Sp i , TR IN ODUCTORY NOTE.

n f o h dow fall o F u quet . T is period was a moment

' ous one for rance m rac n as did the d o F , e b i g it ipl matic triumph of Mazarin in the advantageous Treaty of the Pyrenees ; the death of that avaricious and unscru u ous b ut em nen a e and far-see n p l , i tly bl i g, minister and c ardinal ; the assumption of power by Louis in pers on ; and the rise to high office and

n uenc e over the crushe and dis raced ou ue i fl d g F q t, of J ean-Ba s e Co er The se tw o ears marked pti t lb t . y

’ the beginning of the most brilliant epoch of court e in rance as e as of her rea es if s ome lif F , w ll g t t,

ha fac o r o h h m n a r a us o at o e a d o d. w t titi , gl y b t b The his toric al accuracy of the author of Brage onne h ch M s s ardoe in her us o u ar l w i i P , j tly p p l

and en er a n n ork on Lou s XIV . and the t t i i g w i , h s or an M che e as e have s o s ron ma n i t i i l t w ll, t gly i tained is perhaps more s triking in this than in \ ‘ i o on n any other of his r omances . It s n t ly i the m atter o f the events of greater or les s importance that one familiar with the his tory of the period seems to b e read n s ome c on em orar chron c e but the i g t p y i l , character-sketches of the ' prominent pers onages are drawn with such entire fi delity to life that we seem to see the very men and women themselves as they

ar appeared to their contempor ies . Thus is h the k n hose n ens e e o sm it wit i g, w i t g ti was e nn n to eve o be n unceas n fos b gi i g d l p, i g i gly tered by the ' flattery of those who surrounded him and told him that he was the greates t of men and E INTRODUCTORY NOT . 1 k n s nv nc e in ar ms an d une ua ed in wis i g , i i ibl q ll d om ; who w as rapidly reaching that st ate of s ub lim e self-s ufficien cy which led to the fam ous s aying “ ’ ’ ” L Etat c e s m oi but who was never h e es s , t ; , t l ,

- m ore bashful ! a n d timid and hu mble at the feet of the gentle an d retiring La Valliere than if she had

r been the greatest queen in Ch istendom . Of his favorites La Valliere was the only one wh o oved him for h mse f a one and she has c ome l i l l , down to us as one of the few Frenchwomen who

' ’ have ever been asham ed of being kn own as a king s

r Her fe is fa hfu ske ched in hese mist ess . li it lly t t a es from her rs m se of th e k n at B o s p g , fi t gli p i g l i , h n he ave her hear o him una k When w e S g t t s e d . the sche me ' was formed to u se her as a -cloak for ’ the k n s r a on h Madame Henr e e here i g fli t ti wit i tt , t was a rumor connec ting her name with that of a c er a n com e de Bra elonn e who had caused her t i Vi t g , young heart to u tter its first sighs In Blois but the m ost malicious gos sips sp oke of it only as a c hildish

m -" ha is t o a u a e s er hou m or ance . fl , t t y, tt ly wit t i p t Mademoiselle de Montalais made herself n otori ~ ou s as a o- e een in var ou s ove affa r h g b tw i l i s , w ile

Mademoi e e de Ton na -Char en e o her se Made s ll y t , t wi moiselle de Rochech ouar -Mor emar c ever and t t t, l

eau fu w as de s ned as Madame de Mon es an b ti l, ti , t p , to s upplant her modes t friend -in the a ffec tion s of their lor d a n d master ; a nd after a c areer of unex ampled brilliancy to be ~ herself supplanted by the 72 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

overness of her e ma ed ch dre n the ow g l giti t il , wid carron e er kn o n as Madame la Mar u se de S , b tt w q i n non Mai te . “ Une mai resse onnan e et r om han e Madame t t t t i p t ,

e ev ne c a s Madame de Mon es an The Mor d S ig ll t p . temar t family was s upposed to be of the greatest antiquity and to have the same origin as the English

Mor mers . The es rit ole Mor tema r t or Mor emar ti p , t t

w as re u ed to be an na ena e charac er s c wit, p t i li bl t i ti

e And ha Of Madame her f of th race . se who w t l , played a part at the c ourt“ of France which was a lmo st exac tly du plic ated forty years later by her

randdau h er the avo r ncess who ecame g g t , S y p i , b

D uches se de Bour o ne and hose un me dea h g g , w ti ly t was one Of the m os t severe of the m any domestic afflictions which darkened the last y ears of the old

’ king s life! Let u s listen for a moment to Robert “ Lou s S evens on r n of the c om e de Bra e i t , w iti g Vi t g l onne after his fifth or sixth perusal of it I can for h Madame en chants me . give t at royal minx her m ost serious o ffences ; I c an thrill and soften with the king on that memorable occasion when he goes to upbraid and remains to flirt ° and

‘ W en c omes to the A ons a me -moi done is h it ll , i z , it m f ” my heart that melts in the b os o o De Guiche . The mutual passion of De Guiche and Madame

as ed all her fe we ar e o d and et a as ! was l t li , t l ; y , l it ’ - m a but Shor ved for Mada e s d s ere num ered . t li , y w b She d ed in 1 670 after a n nes s of but a few hours i , ill ,

E 74 INTRODUCTORY NOT .

ca om nce And umas kno s e hr fis l c pete . D w it w ll t ee

mes at leas he sho s his n o ed e — once ti t w k wl g , it is but flashed upon us an d re ceived with the laughter

of ou uet h m se f in the es n c on rovers in F q i l , j ti g t y the garden s o f Saint-Mau de; once it is touched on by Aramis in the forest of Senart in the en d it is set before u s c learly in one dignified speech of the B — r um han Co ber . ut in o u ue t e mas er t i p t l t F q t h t , the over of o od cheer and and art the s f l g wit , wi t ’ transac or of much b usm es s lhomme ole br i t t , u , ’ ' ’ ’ lhomme dc la iszr lhomme m; n est e a ce we p , g gu p r gf les a u tr es sca t — Dumas s aw something of himself , and drew the figure the more tenderly ; it is t o me ’ even touching to see ho w he ins ists on Fouq uet s ” honor .

The gran d fete at Vaux was the las t s traw ’ 1 which made the s uperin tendent s do wnfall abso

n If h1 s d s rac had n a read lutely certai . i g e ot l y ’ een de ermined u on 1 n the k n s m nd ould b t p i g i , it w

As h r w as one un have been at Vaux . t e e but s ” k n i r in heaven here c ou d be but one n ance . , t l i g F It is interesting to read that the execution of ’ the or der for Fouq uet s arres t was entr usted to one ’ “ D Ar ta n o m Ca a n of Muske eers a man of g , pt i t , ac on en re unconnec ed h a ll the ca a s ti , ti ly t wit b l , ’ and who dur n his h r - hree ears e er ence , i g t i ty t y xp i in the Muske eers had never kno n an h n t , w yt i g u e o ts id of his orders . ou ue l ve near en ears in r s on F q t i d ly tw ty y p i , I NTRODUCTORY N OTE. 75

He has been connec ed va and died in 1 680. t in ri “ ” ous a s h the Man h the Ir on Mask w y wit wit , s ome inves tigators h aving maintained t hat he w as

ent ca th th a nd v dua and herefore cou d id i l wi t i i i l, t l not h ave died in 1 680 while oth ers h ave c l aimed that the Iron Mask was impris oned at the Chateau he n of Pigner ol while Fouquet w as there . T lege d of the unfortunate pris oner h as given ris e to much

n r a r investigation and to many c o j ectu es . Volt i e

en his e ner es to s o ve the m s er and in our b t gi l y t y ,

a M Mar us To in has one n o the s u ec own d y . i p g i t bj t mos e hau s ve but hou reachin a satis fac t x ti ly , wit t g

r c on c us on as to the den of the suff r r to y l i i tity e e . The s om ewhat audacious use made of the legend by Dum as is bas ed u pon what was at on e time a f avor e s o u on n ame ha the unkno n was a it l ti ; ly, t t w I d o ro her of Lou s X V . s a s me to have e b t i , i by b en

a n and o her s to have been s ome ears O der twi , by t y l f o f a ern and o d ubt ul p t ity. It wou ld b e an en dles s task to c ite all the por tions of these v olu mes in which his torica l fac ts are r elated with sub stantial accuracy ; in them fac t and fiction are s o blended that eac h enh an ces the charm

of the o her — the e emen of au hen c t add n t , l t t ti i y i g

es and n erest to the ro man c or ons h e the z t i t ti p ti , w il elemen t Of r o man ce gives life and c olor to the r nar ation of facts . Our old frien ds of the ear lier tales bear us c om

an near to the .end but f or the rs me p y ly ; fi t ti , NTRO T R 76 I DUC O Y NOTE. political interes ts are allowed to inter fere with the perfect confidence that has exi sted between them ° Aram s as Genera of the esu s is rue to the i , l J it , t re u a on of the order and hes a es at n o dis p t ti , it t

m a n to a n his am ou n r h s u o s e ds . o os i l ti g i biti P t , s till blin dly faithful to that one of his friends who c a ms his a e ance fa s at as a v c m to his l i ll gi , ll l t i ti ch d ke rus in the schem n re a e and d es il li t t i g p l t , i

he dea h of a r e an The ma n cen t t ve itabl Tit . g ifi t outburst of righteous anger which t he Comte de la Fére visits upon the king is the last ex piring gleam

, h r f h A ho of he ke r of t e spi it o t e t s t Mus tee s . Wrapped up in his love for the heart-broken Brage “ onne he ves on in his e and d es in his l , li ly lif i death. ’ And D Artagnan ? His praises an d his re quiem have been most fittingly an d lovingly s ou n ded by the same graceful writer who has already been “ uo ed and in the s ame es sa e n ed Gos s q t , y, titl ip ” u on a Nove of D umas p l ,

’ It is in the charac ter of D Artag nan tha t we mus t look for tha t s pirit o f mo ra lity which is o ne o f the ch ef mer s o f the b o ok makes o ne o f the ma n o s i it , i j y of its erus a a nd s e s h h a bo ve m o re o u ar p l , t it ig p p l r a s He has m n o a ma n s o w iv l . ellowed i t itty , ro u h k nd and u r h ha he ake s the he a r b g , i , p ig t t t t t y T her he o - o s torm. e is no thing o f t c py bo k abo ut his v r ues no h n o f the ra n -ro o m in his fine na ura i t , t i g d wi g t l c ivility ; he will s ail near the wind ; he is no dis trict 7 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 7

no We s e or Ro es erre his co nsc ence is visitor , l y b pi ; i ne me n whe her fo r o o d or e v b ut void o f all refi t , t g il ;

k o d s o ere n the whole ma n rings t rue li e a g o v ig .

hro u ho u if I a m to choo s e v rtues fo r Here a nd t g t , i

s f o r fr end s let me c hoos e the v r ue s o f my el my i , i t ’ I d no t s a ha here is no c harac er D Artag na n. o y t t t t as well d rawn in Shakespeare ; I d o say there is none No ar o f the o r d has tha t I love s o wholly . p t w l ever s ee med to me s o charming a s thes e p age s ; and n n m f r e nd s are u e s o re a erha s u te s o o t eve y i q it l , p p q i ’ ” a r as D Arta nan . d e , g

Of he rea c os n cha ers of the ook in t g t l i g pt b ,

ich the fr ends are at as se ara ed ea h wh i l t p t by d t ,

’ D Artagnan falling on the battle-field j us t as he w as ab out to grasp the coveted prize of the baton of a marsha of ran ce t evens on s a s l F , S y

“ I can re call no o ther wo rk o f the imaginatio n in which the end o f life is repre s ented with s o nice a tac t ; and a bo ve all in the a s o ume I fi nd a s n u ar , l t v l , i g l

r I bre a h a s n n c harm o f s pi it . t t es ple a a t and a to ic

d ne s al a s ra e n v r h o n he s a s w v e e s er ca . t , y b , y t i l Up cro wd ed no s fe of h s o n a e e ve n n ra d ua , i y li t i l g t l , i g g lly fa s a nd the h s a re e n u s hed and the hero es ll , lig t xti g i ,

a s s a wa o ne b o ne . One b ne he an n a p y y y o t y g o , d o t re e T n gr t e mbitt ers their d ep arture . he yo u g s ucce ed

he m in h r u ua r e is s n ar er t t ei pla ce s . Lo is Q to z welli g l g and Shining bro ad er ; ano the r g enera tion and a no ther France d a wn o n the ho r on but fo r us and hes eo ld iz , t men ho m we have ove d s o on the nev ab e e nd w l l g , i it l draw nar an T r i s e d is welcome . o ead this well s to 8 T E 7 IN RODUCTORY NOT . an er en e Ah ! if o n hen thes e h r ticip ate exp i c . ly w ou s o f the lo ng s had o ws fall fo r us in reality a nd not in fi h f m n ure we ma o e to ace he h a m d as u e . g , y p t wit i q i t B ut my p ap er is running o ut ; the siege-g uns are firing

D fro n er and I mus r he o n the utch ti , t s ay adieu fo t

fif h me to m o ld co mrade fa en o n the fie d o f t ti y , ll l

' Ad eu r a her a n r evozr ! Y t a s m o r . e h e gl y i , t ixt ti , ’ eares D Arta na n we sha k d na Monk and ake d t g , ll i p t

“ h rs e o e her fo r B e e Is e o t g t ll l . T H E

VICOM D BRAGEL NN TE E O E.

LIST OF CHARA CTERS.

Pe ri - o d , 1 660 1 671 .

n of Fran O XIV. ce. L UIS , Ki g i ue n M R T R h s e . A IA HE ESA , Q or TR the ueen Mo her ANNE AUS IA, Q t . un f the n TO or OR E c e o . GAS N L ANS, l Ki g ’ U OR E D CHESSE D L ANS, ’ O bro her of the n af erwards Duc PHILIPPE , DUC D ANJ U, t Ki g, t ’ rléanS d O .

H R TT or E his w fe. EN IE A NGLAND, i R M R CA DINAL AZA IN . hi v a e BERNOUIN s . , l t hi se re ar R s c . B IENNE, t y M ORT . LE DUC DE BEAUF . —

PRINCE DE CONEE. ’ R DE ORR favor e of h e d Orl n . CHEVALIE L AINE , it P ilipp éa S - ndi n on he n CO T S T a te t . M E DE AIN AIGNAN, t g Ki g M O M R M n ece of Cardina Mazarin ADEM ISELLE A IE DE ANCINI, i l . M O R MONTALAIS ADEM ISELLE AU E DE , Ma ds of Honor to M ATHEN ISE TO -C R T i LLE . A DE NNAY HA EN E , Henr e a uchesse af erwards Madame de Mon es an i tt , D , t t p ’ d rl O éans . M O O ER ADEM ISELLE L UISE DE LA VALLI E, ’ MO nne of us r a s S an sh nurse LA LINA, A A t i p i . C R DUCHESSE DE HEV EUSE . M MOTT ADAME DE EVILLE , M NAvAILLES ADAME DE , M O C AT O ad es of h en u ADEM ISELLE DE H ILL N, l i t e Fr ch Co rt. CO T E SO O M ESS DE ISS NS, M O R O ADEM ISELLE A N UX, T F H R T 8 0 LIS O C A AC ERS .

O KEROUALLE af erwards uchess of Por smou h L UISE DE , t D t t . M RE R T A CHAL G AMMON .

CO T H his son in o ve w h Madame Henr e a M E DE GUIC E, , l it i tt . M fr en f t M. d o he Com e de u che DE ANICAMP, i t G i . M R in o w h M. O ve Mademo se e de ontalais DE ALIC NE , l it i ll M . ’ M RT ’ . eu enan af erwards Ca a n of the n s D A AGNAN, Li t t, t pt i , Ki g r Musketee s . CO T FER hos M E DE LA E (At ) .

R O O T BRAGELONNE his son. A UL, VIC M E DE , ’ D HERBLAY af erwards sho of ann s M. e eneral of the , t Bi p V , G ’ Order of esu s and Duc d Alam d am é a s . J it , (Ar i ) BARON DU VALLON DE BRACIEUX DE PIERREFONDS (Porthos) O U MO ER JEAN P Q ELIN DE LI E . O T R VIC M E DE WA DES .

M RO . . DE VILLE Y FO T Su er n enden of F nance M. DE . UQUE , p i t t i

M FO T his w fe. ADAME UQUE , i ’ M R O T R Fou uet s associat es In ESSIEU S LY NNE AND LE ELLIE , q e m n s r th i i t y . w Fou M R ER in ove h ue . A QUISE DE BELLI E , l it q t M FONT . DE LA AINE ,

M. O R G U VILLE, ds of ou ue M. ELLISSON fr en F . P , i q t M C NRART . O ,

M. OR T L E , ’ E FO T bro her of the Su er n enden . L ABB UQUE , t p i t t Counc or of ar amen af erwards rocureur M. a VANEL, ill P li t, t P néra Gé l .

C R T his w fe a r va of la Mar u se de la Belhere . MAR CE I E VANEL , i , i l q i - - e n S T R mai re ho e to as on of Orl a s . M. DE AIN EMY, t t l G t -R MADAME DE SAINT EMY . - T T CO RT In endan of F nance af erwards r me JEAN BAP IS E LBE , t t i , t P i

Minister . ’ D INEREVILLE TO H FOR T in Col MESSIEURS , DES UC ES, AND AN , ’ e bert s servic .

82 T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S .

’ VATE L, Fouquet s steward. ’ TO one of Fou uet s servants BY, q . Y a sa or VES, il .

R a u ch fisherman. KEYSE , D t M I TR CROPOLE of the hos e r of the Med c at o s . A E , t l y i i Bl i PITTRINO his ass s an , i t t . M CROPOLE ADAME .

‘ OR OF THE O HOT LANDL D BEAU PA N EL . SUPERIOR OF THE CARMELITE CONVENT AT CHAILLor' ’ Mazarin s h s c an E . GU NAUD, p y i i ’ THE THEATIN F T ER The Card na s s r ua d rector A H , i l pi it l i .

C R E IL n of En and. HA L S , Ki g gl

RRY his servan . PA , t E R MO af erwards uke of bemar e G NE AL NK, t D Al l . i a de-de- am h s c . DIGBY, i p A BERT GENERAL L M . uke of York b ro her of Char es II JAMES, D , t l .

OR R uke of uck n ham. GE GE VILLIE S , D B i g T R LORD ROCHES E .

DUKE OF NORFOLK .

MISS MARY GRAFTON.

MISS STEWART . ’ ’ R HOST OF THE STAG S HO N TAVERN. T H E B L A CK TU LI P

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

, THE 20th of Au us 1 672 was no means the . rs g t, , by fi t occasion on which the Dutch had demonstrated their claim to the very highest rank among ungrateful

o pe ples . “ Witness the pathetic figure of the Great ” De verer the rs W am of Oran e h n li , fi t illi g ; fig ti g almost single—handed the whole mighty power : of h h II. and s and n a one am d t e ea ous P ilip , t i g l i j l env of hose hose re ease rom a ha efu a y t w l f t l, g ll in des o m a hi on r o i H g p tis w s s ly pu p se n life . e founded the D utch Republic in sp ite of his fellow coun r men ra her than ' in concer h hem an d t y , t t wit t ; it w as not until the hand of the paid as sas sin struck : him down that they knew how truly he

‘ ‘ had been the Father William of them an d th eir c oun r t y.

’ Wh o that has read in Motley s engr oss ing

- ' pages the s tory of . John of Olden Barneveldt has not been lost in wonder (and in : disgu s t) at the b r n f an d rus nd un easo n s r o ea ous . d s li , i g pi it j l y i t t, 84 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

h ch ers s en h ar ed the earnes devo ed w i p i t tly t w t t, t ,

S n e-hear ed effor s of h a rea -s ou e man h ch i gl t t t t g t l d , w i accus ed him of all men on ear h of reacher and , t , t y su serv enc to the enem es of the Re u c and b i y i p bli , which finally inflicted up on him the most shamef ul of all dea hs — dea h u on the a o s ? t , t p g ll w

The fa e of O den-Barneve d em has es more t l l t p iz , s r on han an o her s n e c rcums ance ha t gly t y t i gl i t , t t charac er s c of the Du ch h ch has a a s made t i ti t , w i lw y it imposs ible for them to reap the full benefit of the less ons which they have taught to other nations by

f- rificin hero m he r ers s en s e sac s . t i p i t t, l g i The later ex emplification of the same character istic in the s cene des cribed in the opening chapters “ ” of The Black Tulip was only the less s triking in s o far a s the s ervices of the De Witts to the Republic had been less eminent and n oteworthy

han h ose of Barneve hose lot was to ve t t ldt, w it li a a more momen o s och t t u ep . As in the earlier period the great Pensionary fell a victim to the machinations of Prince Maurice of

Oran e or of hose who used his revered name g , t as a c oa for he r des ns Wh e he sca ere l k t i ig , il t y tt d br oadcast the charge that Barneveldt was engaged in s ecre and ra or ous ne o a ons h a n t t it g ti ti wit Sp i ,

ha is to sa h the o er a a ns wh ch his t t y , wit p w , g i t i whole life was one long tireless struggle : s o were TE 85 INTRODUCTORY NO . the De Witts sac rific ed to the youthful ambition of an o her r nce of Oran e who a o ed h mse f t P i g , ll w i l to be made the tool of the envious detractor s o f the a r o c ro hers s o far as to ve at eas p t i ti b t , gi l t his s ilent assent to the pitiles s persecution which

nd o fa a The s u se uen c areer of h s e ed s t lly . b q t t i prin ce upon the English throne did much to efface this blot upon his fame . The pas sionate fondnes s of this s ame people for the peaceful art of fl oriculture and the his torical

ar m r f ma H le tulip c aze urnished M . Du s with a con en a heme h ch n er oven h the nc g i l t , w i , i t w wit i i dent oi the deposit with the innocent tulip -fancier

’ of the Grand Pensionary s c orrespondence with the awe- ns r n Cour “ of rance was orked over i pi i g t F , w by the matchless story-teller into the romance of k ” The Blac Tulip .

T HE B L A CK T UL IP

H A R LIST OF C AR CTE S.

- Perio d , 1 6 72 1 6 75 .

R OF OR N af erward i am III . n of WILLIAM, P INCE A GE, t W lli Ki g n Engla d . f ran n F ce . O XIV . o L UIS , Ki g COR TT ns ec or of d kes at the Ha ue NELIUS DE WI , i p t i g . T his bro her rand ens onar of Ho l nd O T a . J HN DE WI , t , G P i y l a de-de-cam to am of Oran e CO O . L NEL VAN DEKEN, i p Willi g R ER a u -fan ier odson of Corne DR . CO c us NELIUS VAN BA LE , t lip , g li de Witt . M R I O T his r va YNHEE SAAC B X EL, i l .

MARQUIS DE LOIIVOIS. COUNT T Ca a n of the Cava r of the Ha ue ILLY, pt i l y g . M R BOWELT YNHEE , de u es ti . ’ p M R D ASPEREN j YNHEE , E THE RECORDER OF TH STATES . S R ma s ra e at Dor M T R a . AS E VAN PENSE , gi t t t TYCKALAER a sur eon at the Ha ue , g g .

GERARD Dow. M R SYSTENS ur omas er of Har em and res den YNHEE VAN , B g t l P i t of its Hor cu ura So e ti lt l ci ty . f hn CRAEKE confiden a servan o o de . , ti l t J Witt

GRYPHUS a a er . , j il

RO his dau h er in ove w h Corne us van aer e . SA, g t , l it li B l

T 9 0 IN RODUCTORY NOTE. dinner-table any gentleman who n eglected the

u es en o ne b the Church an d re arde d ti j i d y , w d

e w h ue r b ons nv a ons to Mar pi ty it bl i b , i it ti ly ,

ov r m n en ons an d r m n e n e s s e e s . or h h g t , p i , gi t F t wit

ersa es ecame in ever h n but dres s a c on V ill b , yt i g , v n h u and c onfe on e t. T e p lpits ssi als were s ur roun or and em ro er Th Mar a ded by s w ds b id y . e sh ls of France were much in prayer ; and there was hardly one among the dukes and peers wh o did not carr oo e ooks in his ocke fas dur y g d littl b p t, t in en an c o mmun ca e a Eas r L d t e . Madame de g t, i t t

Ma n enon who had a rea share in the essed i t , g t bl

ork boas e ha devo on had ecome u e the w , t d t t ti b q it ” h o fas i n . B d ed . Hi wa ut Louis XIV. i s will s treated with s cant ceremony by the Parliament o f Paris ; his legitimized sons were pulled down from the he h to wh ch he h the c ord a a rova of ig t i , wit i l pp l

he r ormer overness Madame de Ma n enon had t i f g , i t ,

’ e eva ed hem and h e Duc d Orlé ans hos e l t t ; P ilipp , , w private morals were the very antithesis of all that had been held in high esteem at c ourt for a gene ra on was ace at the hea o f the overnmen ti , pl d d g t during the minority of the young king . The many excellent qualities of the regent were oversha o e in his own da as he have een d w d, y t y b

for os er b the shame ess rofli ac of his fe. p t ity, y l p g y li INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 9 1

h n the ro a o er su s an a un m ed was W e y l p w , b t ti lly li it ,

in his hands the who e face of the c our placed , l t changed ; and unblushing debauchery succ eeded t o the odor of s anctity which had s o long filled the

am de a n n nostrils of t he courtiers . Mad e M i te on was d scred e ere lo Te er the b o ed c on i it d ; P lli , ig t fessor of the a e k n van she rom the ub c l t i g , i d f p li gaze ; while those whose real or pretended piety had led them to espo use the cause of the Duc du

Ma ne as a a ns the re en had no h n t o ho e i g i t g t, t i g p

n ra on Add o for under the new admi ist ti . t this that the fa her mo her and ro her of the c h d who t , t , b t il had become king had all died within a week of one another some three years before ; that his own life had been saved at the s ame time only by a m rac e and ha ver man eo e un der the i l , t t y y p pl ,

” u dance a few who re ended to e eve g i of p t b li it,

’ honestly did believe that the Duc d Orléans w as re spo nsible for all these casualties ; while the throne of Spain was filled by a grandson of “ Louis

I h m a fo h r nc r X V . se can da e r t e e e b e , i lf di t g y , itt ly

ea ous of the re en and an nev a e can da e j l g t , i it bl di t for the throne in case of the death of the sickly ch d hose fe was su osed to be in ho ur il , w li pp ly dan er o he er ms of h r . T be sure t t e T ea of g , by t ty

c o mn reno n d all c a re h h e . s e u ce m Ut t, P ilipp V l ly l i to the throne of France ; but the emptines s of such 92 INTRODUC TORY NOTE. renunciations h ad b een abundantly demonstrated in the case of his rea - ran dmo her Anne of g t g t ,

Aus r a fe of Lou s III . and his ran dmo her t i , wi i X , g t ,

Mar e Therese fe of Lou s XIV and even Sa n i , wi i . ; i t

mon the m os devo ed of all the rien s of the Si , t t f d

e s us in his Memo r s ha L s re en ou . g t, t ll i t t if i XV

’ had d ed he s hou have een o ed earfu i ld b blig , t lly and h rea re re to es ouse the cause of the wit g t g t, p

n a o h eld r n n r r rep rese t tive f t e e li e . U de these ci

umstances some s or of a o a a ns the overn c , t pl t g i t g

r n a n v Th -c ment of the ege t w s i e itable . e s o alled ” Cons rac of Ce amare ormed to carr ou a pi y ll , f y t far-reaching s cheme of the ambitious and res tless

n r uer Card na A eron the all- o erfu m n s er i t ig , i l lb i p w l i i t

o m h roun - o of h e V . r s t e or k u n h ch P ilipp , f g d w p w i

’ ” u the h va er a m n a D umas hasb ilt C e li d H r e t l. ' “ ” That the epithet f ar-reaching is not mis applied " to the s cheme of the ex - e -r n er of arma i b ll i g P , w ll be apparent upon perusal o f the o bj ects he had in

h ch are s et for h w h u nes s and a ccurac view , w i t it f l y in the following pages ; but the dénouement c on

In eed de tained man e emen s of ur es ue . s e y l t b l q d , pit the undoubted earnestnes s of the D uches se du

Ma ne and the o sone en of t he a ra ous oe i p i d p t bili p t, “ ” La Gran e Chance the Cour of c eau h g l, t S x, wit “ ” its Order of the Hone -Bee was a bur es ue in y , l q

se a n d the cons ra ors at the rench end were it lf, pi t F RO TOR NO E INT DUC Y T . 9 3 more playthings in the hands of the c lever and

I is a cur ous fac h h u nscrupu lous D ubois . t i t t at t e

D uches s who was a e ma e r ncess o f the oo , l giti t p i bl d

' “ (she and her s is ter w erTe called dolls of the blood

- in a us on e tc he r d m nu ve s e was the fe ll i t i i i ti iz ) , li

’ a nd s oul of a plo t to e levate the late king s illegiti m ate p rogeny over the heads of the legitim ate

r nces h e her hus a nd the r nc a ene c ar p i , w il b , p i ip l b fi i y

“ o f the lo w as ver ukew arm i n for ard n it p t, y l w i g .

” an d had to be con tinually urged on by her It is

a h said that while Louis XIV . w s at t e pomt of dea h the Duc du Ma ne ersis ed in ne ec n t , i p t gl ti g his o wn in ter ests to devo te himself t o a translation o f Lucre u s s o ha his fe sa d to him co n em ti , t t wi i t pt “ uously : You will wake s ome fine m orning to find

ours e f a mem er of the Ac a em and the Duc y l b d y,

’ ” r d O rlé ans Regent of F ance . For the c haracter o f the Due du Maine it is hard to feel any e motion but contempt ; while i t is i e qually hard to avoid feeling s omething l ke s ym pathy for the perpetual disappointments of his r n r u n e f H harac e is es ess e . er c r tl , i t ig i g littl wi t best stu died in the extremely enter taining memoirs of Mademo s e e de Laun a be er no n a s M a i ll y , tt k w d ame de aa but who mus not be c onfou nded St l, t with the m ore ce l ebrated Ma dame de Stael (born

”

Mademoiselle Necker) of the Revolutionary era . 94 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

There is ndee no o her sourc e rom h ch o , i d , t f w i s much information as to the inside working s of “ ” the Cons rac of Ce amare c an be o a n pi y ll bt i ed . ” Little do Launay was an extremely clever young

oman and hen the bubb e burs she a undan w , w l t, b tly j us tified the c onfidence the conspirators had placed

I i v in her discretion . t s e ident from her own naive disc losures that the old Abbe Chaulieu w as n ot the “ ” only one of the Knights of the Honey-Bee who offered love to her ; but he was s o old that his ardent passion was a fair theme of gos sip and

a an r The a o en ro o o ak ple s t y . bbé ft p p sed t m e ” “ me hands ome resen s she s a s in add on to p t , y , iti

n the incense he poured out at my feet . Bei g s ome what annoyed one day by his persis tence in urging

, me to acce a hous and s o es I sa d t o him : pt t pi t l , i

‘ As a mark bf my gratitude for your gen erous offers

’ I give you this advice : don t mak e similar ones to many women or you may find one who will take

’ ’ ‘ ‘ Oh ! a d he I kno hom ou at our or . s y y w d i , w w

’ h Th s naive res onse m ade me I am dealing wit . i p ” laugh.

The n sh n ouch was ut to the e as era on fi i i g t p , x p ti of Madame du Ma ne the ou come of the famous i , by t

Bed of us ce of Au us 1 71 8 h ch is referred to J ti g t, , w i

ma Her a ea s to A eron for a s eed by Du s . pp l lb i p y beginning of operation s became frantic ; and the T INTRODUC ORY NOTE. 95 negotiations through Cellamare were rapidly draw i o o n h n Du o s hou h to sho his n t a e . g p i t, w b i t g t fit w

n Tha th h n d and the arce w as at an e d . e a , f t brewing of the c onspiracy had long been kno wn t o Dub ois adm its of little doubt ; the circums tances which immediately led to the pricking of the

u e have een var ou s re a ed b bbl b i ly l t .

a r r c o ves Volt i e (P é is du Siecle de L uis XV. ) gi the credit of putting Dubois upon the s cent to La “ on a c our es an who had r sen fr om the o wes Fill , t i l t

m he had s lums to beco e a celebrated procuress . S

on een in the a of Du o s who had rec en l g b p y b i , tly ” A beco me Secretary for Foreign Affair s . s told by

o a re the res on s il for the r ema ure dis V lt i , p ib ity p t

c osure res s h the A é de or o—Carrer o an l t wit bb P t , attache of the Spanish Embass y and a n habitué

of the esta ishmen of La on here cer a n bl t Fill , w t i papers were filched from him as he w as on the

o n f n f h a rs ere p i t o setti g out or Spain . T e p pe w handed over to Du o s hose orders or o b i , by w P t

Carrero was pursued and overtaken at Poitiers .

All his a ers ere se e h the resu de p p w iz d , wit lt

s cr ed uma The on nc den i r e ec ed ib by D s . Fill i i t s j t

M . Henr Mar n but is acce ed M che e by i ti , pt by i l t

is men oned in all the c on em orar memo rs it ti t p y i ,

too and as o a re was in ar s at the m e here ; V lt i P i ti , t seem s to be good reas on to believe that it rests NTR T I ODUC ORY NOTE.

on a foun a on of f c There is a so e c en up d ti a t. l x ell t

au hor for the Buva nc den su s an a a s t ity t i i t, b t ti lly

a va a c k a here related . J e n Bu t w s a ler t the Biblio

he ue who eked out his ver s ender a t q , y l p y by

e was he au hor of c r a n mo r c opying . H t t e t i me i s

h ch e s on in m anuscr but are deemed of w i xi t ly ipt,

much va ue h s or ca w r ers es ec a as to l by i t i l it , p i lly the exciting scenes incident to the rise and pr ogress ” of the Mis sissippi scheme and the financial sys

of ohn Law tem J .

The cus omar a cc urac of the f ed au hor t y y gi t t , b oth in the delin eation o f char acter and the rel a

“ on of n c den is to b e n o ed in the Cheva er ti i i t, t li

’ ” h the e ce on of h d Har mental. Wit x pti t e hero

mse f and B a h de and the scen es h ch dea hi l t il , w i l

h he r mu ua a achmen har d a erson i s wit t i t l tt t, ly p m entioned who was not a prominent figure of the

me har an even ho ever r v a i s re erred ti dly t, w t i i l, f

to which did not actually happen .

’ In Madame de Staal-de Launay s entertaining

a e w e mee Malezieux Bri aud om adour p g s, t , g , P p ,

Baron de Valef Wa e the Com e de Lava and ( l f) , t l, “ ” lo eau Card na do o nac who con nue to b i l P lig , ti d conspire for many years afterward whenever he h s aw a c ance .

During the first three quarters of the eighteenth

en ur here w as n o me hen R che eu the c t y , t ti w i li ,

98 TR Y IN ODUCTOR NOTE. not in ho orders and was a marr ed man ere ly i , w accom she as es cr Th om ed . e C e de Nocé pli d d ib t , who s oo c oses to the re en of all the r oués t d l t g t , “ s a to him a ro os of h s a o n men : Wha ! id , p p t i pp i t t t

Tha man Arch sho of Cam ra ! Wh ou o d t bi p b i y, y t l me ourse ha he was a m sera e or h ess y lf t t i bl , w t l , ” unbelieving d og . “ ” “ ’ So he is sa the re en and ha s us , id g t, t t j t the reas on why I have made the appointment ;

’ when he s an archbishop he will have to go to m ” com union . While there is much in the character of the Duc

’ d Orléans which merits the severest condemnation and e to c ommand ac ua res ec his v ces ere littl t l p t, i w after all th ose o f a deplorably weak rather than a

) man I ca a r b sa d ha e never wicked . t n f i ly e i t t h purp osely inj ured a human being ; and history fur nishes ample j ustification for r elieving the gloomy picture of his slavish s ub serviency to his own - passions and to the will of his crafty minister and ex - rece or ascr n to him such enerous p pt , by ibi g g deeds as that with which this s tory closes . V D’ ' CHE ALIER HARMENTAL.

LI T OF CHARA S CTERS.

P ri e o d , 1 71 8 .

he a e of n ne LOUIS . at t . XV , g i ’ OR E his unc e th Re en of Fran e ce . PHILIPPE, DUC D L ANS, l , g t ’ hi w fe OR E s . DUCHESSE D L ANS, i M E T C R OTTE R C L T the ADAME LIZABE H HA L , P IN ESS PA A INE , ’ mo her Regent s t . U RR D CHESSE DE BE I, ’ O - OR E L UISE ADELAIDE D L ANS, M O C RTR ADEM ISELLE DE HA ES , MA O AGLAE O DEM ISELLE DE VAL IS, R S O af erward ueen of S a n P INCE S L UISE, t Q p i , M O E T af erward uch ADEM ISELLE LIZABE H, t D esse de orra ne L i , ’ f ta e A E O the Re en s Min s er o S . BB DUB IS, g t i t t ANDRE HEB CULE F R rchb sho of Fre us rece or DE LEU Y, A i p j , p pt to the oun n y g Ki g . T MADAME DE MAIN ENON . i u enan - enera of the Fr n h arm e OF RW e e c s . DUKE BE ICK, L t t G l i ADEIEN M R DUC NO res den of the Counc AU ICE , DE AILLES , P i t il Of nan e Fi c . ’ RE D UxELLES res den Of the Counc Of Fore n MA CHAL , P i t il ig

’ ' h D ANrIN Su er n enden o f S s . DUC , p i t t ip RO BISHOP OF T YES . T BISHOP or NAN ES .

f the astl e. M. overnor o DE LAUNAY, G B i l T OF H R TE 100 LIS C A AC RS.

R CO E P INCE DE ND , O H R O RBO L UIS EN I, DUC DE B U N, DE S T-S ON DUC AIN IM , O L R O R O L UIS A EXAND E DE B U B N, CO T TO O M E DE UL USE, OR DUC DE LAF CE, C R RAVANNE HEVALIE DE , M R LAVRILLIERE A QUIS DE , ’ AR UIS EPFIAT M Q TD , M R TOR A QUIS DE CY, M RE VILL ARs, A CHAL DE en emen Of the French ’ g tl M RE ESTRE A CHAL D ES, Court. M RE O A CHAL DE BEZ NS, M R C N A QUIS DE A ILLAC, C R S 1 HEVALIE DE IM ANE , CO T F R M E DE A GY,

DUC DE GUICHE, O DE NO C T , E M E C , R DUC DE B ANCAS, M R RO A QUIS DE B GLIE, M R E BARABERE A QUIS p , “ CO T E M E DE GAC ,

M. LEBLANC, ’ M R R R N ON nan f O Lieu e o o ce. ESSI E V YE D A GE S , t t P li

M R R Ca a n of the uards. A QUIS DE LAFA E, pt i G ’ MO R RT Ca a n of the ra Muske eers NSIEU D A AGNAN, pt i G y t .

' - ’z M R S RR mai re d ho e to the Re en . A QUIS DE A AN, t t l g t M R PARARERE A QUISE DE , FALARIS DUCHESSE DE , ’ S H R MADAME OP IE D AVE NE, d es of the Fren h our M R S RR a c C . A QUISE DE A AN, l i t M O S R ADEM ISELLE ALE I, M T ADAME DE ENCIN, M E O C RO AD M ISELLE DE HA LAIS,

M MO lad of honor to uchesse de erri. ADAME DE UCHY, y D B - M PONs re woman to uchesse de erri. ADAME DE , ti D B

1 02 L T OF H R TER IS C A AC S.

CAUCHEREAU a enor Of the cadém e Ro a favor , t A i y l, ite of Mademo se e de Char res i ll t .

MO R R O favor e of La Duchesse. de err NSIEU DE I M, it B i. M O R of the O era; ADEM ISELLE BU Y, p ’ RT RooHER an Officer in the serv ce of; Duc d Orléans ALBE DU , i .

C R RO R his w fe. LA ICE DU CHE , i

‘ ’ B T he r dau h er in ove w h the Chevalier d Harm ntal A HILDE , t i g t , l it e . T an em o ee in the overnmen brar JEAN BUVA , pl y g t li y. D O DR Y his e u MO R UC N A co a e. NSIEU , ll g ’ Bathilde s s ervan N TT . ANE E, t I R R a res auran -kee er M T . A E DU AND, t t p - - de chambre to M. lo Due de R che eu RAEFE va e . , l t i li BOURGUINON ’ in h e Of the bbé ubo s t e servic A D i . CO TO M IS, - a od n house kee er . MADAME DENIS, l gi g p M O E ADEM ISELLE MILIE, u h ers her da g t . M O ATHENAISE ADEM ISELLE ,

O E her son. B NIFACE D NIS,

MO R FREMOND a od er at the house Of Madame Denis. NSIEU , l g F O LA ILL N . O LA N RMANDIE .

PT RO EFI TT an adventurer. CA AIN QU NE E, ’ THE REGENT S DAUGHTER.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

“ WHEN the Cons rac Of Ce lamare h ch forms pi y l , w i

“ " ’ ” the ma n heme Of the Cheva er d Harmental i t li , was e osed or hen the Abbe Du o s hou ht xp , w b i t g

‘ to ut an en d to the Duchesse d u Ma ne fit p it, i was condemned by the regent to undergo imprison

In ue ours Of ment in the Chateau Of Dijon. d c e

' tim e h er longing to renew the glories Of he r own

‘ little c ourt at Sceaux made her enforced s oj ourn

‘ in the rovinees e reme rks ome to her and she g p xt ly i , purchased her liberty by making“ a full disclos ure

“ Of the names Of all who had e en c o n an Of or b g iz t ,

‘ r v to the ne o a ons h A eron as re re p i y , g ti ti wit lb i, p

o r f: a n I hus ecame know senting the C u t O Sp i . t t b n to the authorities that the main relianc e of the c onspirators for active support had been the prov

i l -r r m c ince Of Bretagne . These d sC os u es th ew u h

‘ light upon certain symptoms of disaffection which had a eared in ha rov nce ho se eo e seemed pp t t p i , w p pl almost to form a rac e apart from those ! Of other 1 04 NTRO TORY NOTE I DUC .

n h I u r o portio s Of t e kingdom. t t ned ut that the resis tance Of the States Of Bretagne to the orders Of the royal governor was but a c over for c ontin ued ne o a ons h S a n ook n o ard a erma g ti ti wit p i , l i g t w p nen se ara o n Of Bre a ne from h t p ti t g France . T e States at last dec lared the province in dependent becau se its privileges had been invaded ; and the s andar Of re e on was hus o d t d b lli t b l ly displayed . The progress and crisis Of the revolt are described

h uf c en o ru h in h s h wit s fi i t fidelity t t t t e e pages . T e name Of Gas ton de Chanlay is the only one o f the five which has no place in an abs ol utely accurate record Of the scene in the public s quare

Of Nan es at m dn h Of a cer a n em es uous t , i ig t t i t p t h n h in Marc 1 720 . ig t , ” TO t h s da s a s Dumas in one Of his i y, y , ” “ s r c h stor ca or s La Re ence in the t i tly i i l w k , g ,

ver hear Of Breta ne at a n -Ma e at Lor en at y t g , S i t l , i t,

eneuve at Bres Or i isterre one nds in the Vill , t F n , fi

oores hu s or ra s Of Ta houe Pontcalec Mon p t t p t it l t, , t

ou s and Du Couedic handed do n from fa her l i , w t

And hen ou ask our hos s the occ u o son . t w y y t ,

an s Of hese hu s who hese men are hose p t t t , t w

ea ures he reserve so devou in he r rus fu f t t y p tly, t i t t l

‘ ignorance s ome will reply : They are saints

‘ o hers The are mar rs . t , y ty The s cenes between the regent and D ubois are

1 06 NTRO Y I DUCTOR NOTE.

The regent w as not fortunate in his legitimate

u h r h da g te s . T e career Of the D uches se de Berri

is revo n and s adden n i n the e reme even lti g i g xt , although we are told by One Of the c ontemporary memoir-writers that a p os t-mor tem examination ” revea ed he f c ha she was crack- r l t a t t t b ained . The c onvent life o f the Abbess of Chelles was little shor t Of s candalous ; while the matrimon ial

“ bickerings Of Mademois elle de Valois and her

hus and the D uke Of Modena w ere Of Euro ea b , , p n

r e A our h d au h er eca he f n oto i ty. f t g t b me t wi e Of

the r nce Of As ur as a d was ueen Of a n P i t i , n Q Sp i for the few months which intervened between the

a Of and e dea h Of absurd abdic tion Philippe V. th t

r u an Her ea n c harac r s cs ere a he h sb d . l di g te i ti w n

e reme morose d s o on a nd ers ona ha s xt ly i p siti , p l bit slovenly in the extreme ; and her Spanish s ubjects seized the firs t convenient pretext to send her back

to rance and ere ver rem s s in r m n her F , w y i e itti g

Th o Of all Ma emo s e do a o ance. e n s ll w y u ge t , d i lle

Be u o a s was the on one w o com ne o od a j l i , ly h bi d g

mora s h an a rac ve ersona and she ed l wit tt ti p lity, di Of a br oken heart almost before s he was out Of

her teens . The memoirs Of Madame de Staal-de Launay furnish abundant authority for the entertaining d escription given by Dumas of the life led by OR INTRODUCT Y NOTE. 1 07

h the conspir ators in the Bastille . T e author Of the memoirs w as decidedly heartles s in her treat men Of oor Ma son-Rou e the l eu enan of the t p i g , i t t for ress hose arden ass on for herse f she i t , w t p i l p ti less ly us ed as a means Of forwarding her l ove

" he h v r h o o in af a r h t C e a e de Mesn . T e f i wit li , il f ll w g passage is illustrative Of t he s kill with which she kept tw o s trings to her how ; a nd at the same t ime it f enlightens us still further a s to the diversi ons in which these fortunate pris oners were allowed

n to i du lge . “ One day when he (Maison-Rouge) was taking su er h me Mesn who had foun a w a Of pp wit , il, d y

O en n the door of his room c ame a nd s ened p i g , li t a m d oor He c a me ha I was ver a a nd t y . l i d t t y g y

ve and ha I had s oken Of him h nsu n li ly, t t p wit i lti g

Bu he a n mor ou ca lev . t w s eve e ut t e use ity p b , w hen we ef the a e we en to the n do l t t bl , w t wi w , the w a her n r m arm Th r he e t bei g ext e ely w . e e t l eutenan su es ed ha I shou d sin and I i t gg t t t l g ,

an r beg a s cene from the Ope a of Iphigenie .

The D e de R che eu who was a t his ndow u i li , wi , s an t e re Of Ores es h ch fi ed in ver g h ply t , w i tt y n ce h o r a n a on-Rou e who w u s u o . M s i ly it it ti i g ,

hou h ha it en er a ne me a o e us to t g t t t t t i d , ll w d s n the cene hro h I means i g s t ug . t was by no

The entertaining to the Chevalier d o Mesnil. 108 NTRO T R E I DUC O Y NOT . next day he questioned me in his letter about the su er at h ch I had no dea ha he had ee pp , w i i t t b n a n r I did not rem m liste e . e ber that his name had een men oned e ween us s o I s a d n o h n b ti b t , i t i g h about it to him . T is see med to him to import s ome s ecret unders tanding between Maison-Rouge and m se f and he was so enra ed ha he n s s e y l , g t t i i t d u on m reak n h the eu enan p y b i g wit li t t . I at las t succeeded h o ever in mak n him unders and how , w , i g t excess ively inconvenient that would be for our ” ff r and h c o a a s e o e do n . i , l d w

’ Mess re o er d Ar ens on an e ce en eu i V y g , x ll t li tenant Of police transformed into a very mediocre

ee er Of the s ea s su ec ed Madem o s e e d e k p l , bj t i ll

i Launay to an in q uisitory ordeal very similar to that u ndergone at his hands by Gaston de Chanley ; and the versatile femme do cha mbr e a cquitted her self with no less skill and discretion than was

’ Ar r M. d ens on exhibited by the BretOn he o . g is an n eres n ure Of the er od n o es s In his i t ti g fig p i , l own r h han as the fa her of two s o ns each ig t t t , Of whom made an honorable name in high Office

r Lou The Mar u s Owes his rea es unde is XV. q i g t t fame h o ever to his ver en er a n n and va u , w , y t t i i g l

ar f able memoirs Of the firs t thirty ye s O the reign . When Madame du Maine w as at last all owed

to re urn to ceau she oun assem e here . t S x, f d bl d t

T T IN RODUC ORY NOTE.

Of the Odium with which Dubois has b een sur roun e fr om his dea h t o the resen a d d t p t d y. The as sumption of queenly p omp by the mad

D uchesse de Berr as we as her ecre m arr e i, ll s t iag w h R om are e ua e au hen c a h e . T e it i , q lly w ll t ti t d wrath Of the Princess Palatine at ! this znisalliance

’ was far more violent than that of the culprit s

a her who cer a n w as n u en to a fau f t , t i ly i d lg t lt . The s everity with which Riom was treated was

ue to the ou cr of the r a ndmo her ra her han d t y g t , t t

f h a her t o the outraged dignity O t e f t .

’ There is a as n o dou ha the r e en s d a , l , bt t t g t ily . avocations and distractions are faithfully de scribed i th cour e Of h n arra v n - mon n e s s e. a h s t i ti S i t Si , i c e a o o s de ores the fac h ch he cann o hi f p l gi t, pl t w i t e a n a wa e ce u n the ame u o xpl i y, x pt by p tti g bl p n the shoulders Of Dub ois ; but the ( generou s impu lse

’ to which D Orléans is made to yield when he

ar ons De Chanla hose avo ed O ec w as to p d y, w w bj t

om ass his dea h is no ess charac er s c of the c p t , l t i ti un or una e r nce of ! om t he s ame a o o s f t t p i , wh p l gi t , who was a s o his eares r en sa on af er l d t f i d, id l g t his death that his charact er was a n enigma which

had never been ab e to s o ve he l l . ’ H G N-T S A H T E RE E D UG TER.

LIST O CHARA F CTERS.

Pe ri o d 1 7 , 1 9 .

’ OR E Re en o f Fran e DUC c . PHILIPPE , D L ANS, g t M E TH C R OTT RI T E his ADAME LIZABE HA L E , P NCESS PALA IN , mo her t . ’ his f OR E w e . DUCHESSE D L ANS, i RR DUCHESSE DE BE I, M O C RTR Abbess of Che es ADEM ISELLE DE HA ES, ll M O O ADEM ISELLE DE VAL IS, ’ LoUI the Re en s son . s, g t E O Minis er Of S a e ABB DUB IS, t t t . HE E C R a na ura dau h er of the Re ent in L NE DE HAVE NY, t l g t g , ove w h as on d o Ch nla l it G t a y. M ST . SI O DUC DE N, M R RO A QUIS DE B GLIE ,

DUC DE NOAH‘I‘ES’ of the French Court. C A R S HEV LIE DE IMIANE ,

M. RO DE BI N,

M. MO DE UCHY, ’ M R LAEARE Ca a n Of the Re en s uards A QUIS DE , pt i g t G . M R VRILLIERE A QUIS DE LA , h Of t e Council .

M. j DE LEBLANC, ’ M R O R R O eu enan of o ce ESSI E V YE D A GENS N, Li t t P li 1 1 2 T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S .

M v rno f he a . o e r o t s e DE LAUNAY, G B till . - M. M R his u nan O O e e . DE AIS N UGE, Li t t DUC R DE ICHELIEU , M R O O R A QUIS DE P MPAD U , CO T M E DE LAVAL,

M. MALEZIEUX r sone n rs i the a l . DE , p i B sti le E BRIGAUD ABB , C R HEVALIE DUMESNIL, M O SO ADEM ISELLE PHIE DE LAUNAY, - Mad m CAUCHEREAU mus c mas er to e o se e de Char re . , i t i ll t s C R R O marr ed to uchess e de err HEVALIE DE I M, i D B i. C T N E a fr end Of the Re en O O . M E DE C , i g t C R RO A DINAL ALBE NI . ’

D OLIVARES a S anish a en . DUC , p g t TO CHANLAY in ove w th He ene GAS N DE , l i l , M R PONTCALEC A QUIS DE , conspirators

M. MO T O DE N L UIS , against the Re

M. COUEDIC ’ DU , en s fe g t li . M T O T . DE ALH UE ,

C T LA. J O ER AP AIN NQUI E , f r o le M R R unc e O Ma u s do P ntca c . A QUIS DE GUE , l q i S R PO CALE I E DE NT C .

THE SORCERESS or SAvENAr . R BA ON DE CARADEC . n f the rov nc Of re a n intende t o e e . M. MONTARAU DE , P i B t g

M RE MO T O command n at re a ne. A CHAL DE N ESQUI U, i g B t g

M. C T DE HA EAUNEUF . ’ h n f v e SO R t e Re e s a or . LA U IS, g t it f u o s the m s ress o b . JULIE , i t D i CHEVALIER DE M

M UR Su er or of the Ursu nes at C sson. ADAME SULE , p i li li

S T R T ERE of the Ursu nes . IS E H SE, li ’ in the e en s Serv ce M A RO R . AD ME DES CHES, g t i “ ’ m O R O and ord of the HOtel Mu d d A our . B U GUIGN N, l l i

JONCIERE a smu er. LA , ggl

F” PI YSICIAN MEMOIRS O A .

TR D CTORY NOTE IN O U .

THE leading events Of the la st years Of the long

- an n. f o i are des cr ed i d dis astr ous reig o L u s XV. ib n

’ thes e volumes with th e author s accusto med accu

. racy and fulness Of detaiL D uring thos e years

“ the unhappy kingdom Of France s eems to have taken its longes t strides towards the end which ke en Ob servers had long seen to be inevitable .

In O m e de Cloves we have seen. the in ly p k g,

‘ oun han ds ome an d a e red hes ta n on the y g , , fl tt , i ti g thre shold of the career Of debauchery in to which his n ri u n c our ers h the as sen if not the i t g i g ti , wit t co-o peration Of the all-powerful minis ter and for

' mer rece or eur ere s r v n t o force him p pt , Fl y, w t i i g

‘ for he r own In he s e mo r t i s elfish end s . t Me i s Of

Ba s amo w e are sho n the de ora e c ose Of th l , w pl bl l at career ha f a; c n ur a ur n h l e t y l ter . D i g t at half — cen tury a t he p eriod of the Decadenc e Of the

Monarch has een ca ed Mons eur H nr y, it b ll by i e i

Mar in the eo e Of rance roan n en eath t p pl F , g i g b the e h Of ex or on and o ress on had seen w ig t t ti pp i , 1 1 6 NTRO T Y TE I DUC OR NO . the p revailing luxury and extravagance Of the court

ncreas e in ro or on s r r i p p ti a thei own bu dens grew .

Ra ac ous m s resses each h her o o n of p i i t , wit f ll wi g

reed s co han s and re a ves had s ucceeded one g y y p t l ti , a nother with s carcely a breathing space between ; c ostly an d dis astrous wars had been waged to gratify their whims or to avenge real or fancied

h a slig ts put upon them . Sm ll wonder that he who had been greeted on his return from the brilliant but unproductive victory Of FOnten oy with the

e Of Lou s le B en-A mé the We - e oved had titl i i i ( ll b l ) , c ome to be the mos t hated and despised man in the r a m e l . It is interesting to Observe the s teady degenera tion (if we may use the word) in s ocial s tanding of h s uc e s v a or e Of o t e c s i e f v it s L uis XV.

The hr e s s ers De Nes e — Madame de Ma t e i t l illy,

Madame de Vintimille and the D uchess e de , Chateauroux were Scions Of one Of the m ost venera e fam es in rance and c ou d race he r bl ili F , l t t i lineage back to the twelfth century. TO be sure their immediate progenitors were Of decidedly unsavor charac er but such c ons dera ons ere y t , i ti w Of slight importance to a generation which was the direct heir Of the traditions of the Regency . To Madame de Chateauroux succeeded Je anne Antoi

’ nettc o ss on au h er Of a comm ssar s c erk P i , d g t i y l ,

1 18 NTRO Y E I DUCTOR NOT .

and scan a h ch had en ured s o on were d d l w i d l g , es

ne to be shor - ved ti d t li . The versions Of the story are s o numerous and c onflicting that it is impossible and perhaps unimportant — to say with certainty who is enti tled to the d oubtful honor Of having br ought about the firs t meeting between the king an d the young woman whose car eer under the na me Of the Com tes se du Barry is one Of the mos t remarkable in

h s or . There is no d ou ho ever as to the i t y bt, w , an ece en s Of the oun o man in ues on or t d t y g w q ti ,

ha he s h o h h t t w n Louis XV. rai ed er t t e s ameful eminence which Madame de Pompadour had las t occu e he reached the o es o n in the s oc a pi d , l w t p i t i l

and s e ec ed a rue dau h er Of the e s ca e o e . l , l t t g t p pl She was born in the little provincial town Of Vau cou eurs n 1 74 3 and was the e ma e ch d Of l i , ill giti t il

B u Her ear h s or ma be read in one Anne éc . ly i t y y many places ; n owhere perhaps is it told more con

n han MM de oncour cisely or interes ti gly t by . G t (in La du Barry Being thrown entirely on her own res ources in the s ree s Of ar s h her her t t P i , w it mo her had een dr ven b over os sessed of t b i y p ty, p e raor nar ers ona a rac ons and th ver xt di y p l tt ti , wi y lax eas on the su ec Of ema e v r ue her s or id bj t f l i t , t y

f he fe at a n o h is not an edi ying one . S ll l st i t t e han s Of Com e ean du Barr a na ve Of Tou ouse d t J y, ti l TR TOR TE 1 1 9 IN ODUC Y NO .

who had ve man ears at ar s and hose li d y y P i , w

career Of heed es s c n ca an d un r d ed cen ous l , y i l, b i l li ti

' nes s and de aucher — no e orth even in those b y t w y,

w on f r h m h f he d ays had o i t e title O t Roué . She ha mean h e aken the name Of Rau on her d w il t c , ‘ mo her havin marr ed one Of ha name - and t g i t t , had subsequen tly adopted the nom-de-guer r e of

n Mademoiselle La ge . The attachment between the blasé c omte and the beautiful c ourtesan soon became one Of in terest

’ s o e and as c ame to Du Barr s kn o ed e hat l ly, it y wl g t the enemies Of the Duc de Choiseul were seeking to

’ fill the void which Madame de Pompadour s death

’ had ef in the k n s affect ons he c once ved the l t i g i , i idea Of putting forward La Lange as a fit c an didate .

In s ome wa or o her the a enc Of Le e the y t g y b l,

’ k n s c on den a va e w as made use Of and the i g fi ti l l t , , discarded mistres s Of the Roué was placed where

h r Ther t e eye Of royalty would fall upon he . e

seems to have een e hou h e ce in the b littl t g t, x pt m nd Of Du Barr ha the res u ou d be an h n i y, t t lt w l yt i g more than the passing fancy of a day ; b ut the im pression made by the c lever creature was n ot Only

mmed a e b ut ave such ndu a e s ns Of hav i i t , g i bit bl ig “ ing come to stay that Lebel w as alarmed at the unworthy attachment which see med to have taken

’ u o H f ll p ssession Of the king s mind and heart . e 1 20 TE INTRODUCTORY NO . informed his master that the woman who had been

rou h to his n o c e was unmarr ed and un e b g t ti i , titl d,

’ an d he thought it his du ty to c all the king s atten tion to the compromising res ults Of any further ao

ua n ance h her . The k n s o ed him shor q i t wit i g t pp t,

o d him to arran e a marr a e for her at once and t l g i g , , ” hen she was marr ed to r n h r o Com n e t e e . w i , b i g pi g

De Goncour ( t . )

It is ro a e ha R che eu the ever oun p b bl t t i li , y g, “ ’ whom we have s een in the Chevalier d Har

” ’ ” men a an d the Re en s D au h er in the far-Off t l g t g t , days Of the regency while the king was yet in his c rad e a read a as mas er in a an r and add l , l y p t t g ll t y , ing zes t to his amatory pursuits by playing the part Of Harlequin in the b urles que c alled the Con

S irac of Ce amare an d a ain In O m e de p y ll , g , ly p

” ’ Cloves h d oma c honors h ck u on him , wit ipl ti t i p , devoting his energies to the corruption Of his youth ful s overe n is ro a e w e s a ha R che eu ig , it p b bl , y , t t i li was instrumental in bringing Mademoiselle Lange to

’ h h Of o hr ou ou t e re n L u s . the king s notice . T g t ig i XV

h s moc -con s ra or m ock-s o d er and mock-s a es t i k pi t , l i , t t man who never a eared in his rue co ors e ce , pp t l x pt as a er ne and a er in e t n r ues was lib ti d bbl p t y i t ig , a a s at the ear Of the k n ander n to the lw y i g , p i g tastes which he had done more than any other to

orm and a n n u on the avor e Of the da f , f w i g p f it y,

R 1 22 INTRODUCTO Y NOTE.

to Versailles the manners and the slang of the local ities in which her life had been pas sed ; but it is only fair to s ay that she showed such marvellous p ower to adapt herself to her new surroundings that it may safely be as sumed that her lap ses into

the s an Of the ro he ere n en ona ecause l g b t l w i t ti l, b

h foun ha he amu ed the n e s e d t t t y s ki g . D Gon c ourt relates that a c ontinuou s run of ill-luck at

the card- a e dre from her the e acu a on Ah t bl w j l ti , j e suis fr ite (I am fried . ) WCare bound to be ” eve ou Madame re ed an -n a ured a h li y , , pli ill t wit, g t “ er n in her s akes for ou cer a n ou h to i g t , y t i ly g t ” k now This by way Of allusion to the profes

s on Of her mo her who was c oo to a ce e ra e i t , k l b t d

c ourte san . It is difficult to give any idea of the sums s q uan

“ d ered adame du Barr dur n her re n ex by M y i g ig , cept by c opious extracts from the voluminous docu ments d etailing thos e s ums which are deposited in “ ” the Bibliotheque Nationale . While she had not the same longing for ac quis itions Of real property

h ch charac er ed Madame de o m adour she w i t iz P p , more than made up for it by her purchases Of

dresses and e e r c ures scu ure and the j w l y , pi t , lpt ,

ke the o a Of h ch amoun ed to man hun li , t t l w i t y

o F w dreds Of m ons f francs . e ueens ndee illi q , i d , h ave ever been able to b oast Of such a collection of INTRODUCTORY NOTE 1 23 j ewels as those which were stolen from the favorite

On he l 0th of anuar 1 79 1 — a hef h ch led t J y, , t t w i

o her four vo a es to En and and the c onse uen t y g gl , q t ac cusations of emigration and Of secret missions to the foes Of the Republic . , “ There i s m the Bibliotheque Nation ale a man uscri t ourna r en one Hard a ar s an p j l, w itt by y, P i i

Of the m dd e c as s c a ed ourna des evenemen s i l l , ll J l t

’ r n n ma conna ss ance ourna tels q u ils pa vie ent a, i (J l

m no ed e Th Of s uch facts as have c ome to y k wl g ) . e following is on e Of the many entertainin g bits Of

n H sa s ha a c er ca gossip to be found therei . e y t t l i l fr end Of his was d n n out on the l st Of e ruar i i i g F b y ,

1 769 and w as re ues e a ro her Of the c o h , q t d by b t l t

” ’ r nk o h e n a Hard r en to d i t t e pr se t tion. y s f i d

a ed to unders and ha he mean and as ed f il t w t t, k if he referred to the Presentation Of our Lord at the

Tem e h ch w as to be c ommemora ed the fol pl , w i t

o n da a d h r who r . N0 s t e es o osed l wi g y , i p i t p p “ the oas I refer to ha h ch ake ace t t , t t w i will t pl

od a if did not come Off es er a the resen t y, it y t d y p tation Of the new Es her who is to su ersede t , p

Haman and r escue th eo e Of Israe from ca , e p pl l p ”

v . The new Es her was Madame du Barr ti ity t y, and Haman the uc de ho h r D C seu in s a e o . , i l, t i ll g y

Indeed the rea h ess n eres e c ed h s im , b t l i t t x it by t i

or an unc on h ch ave to the mere m s ress p t t f ti , w i g i t 24 N O N E 1 I TR DUCTORY OT .

the more s a e charac e Of avor e en titr e can t bl t r f it , “ Du arr ha hardly be exaggerated . B y d unearthed a ” Com es se do Bearn s a s Do Gonc our t the do t , y , wi w

Of a er ord en eman who had ef her in ver P ig g tl , l t y necess tous c rcums ances h five ch r n on h r i i t , wit ild e e hands and a venera e a su a a n s the Salu ces , bl l w it g i t

He O a ned or family . bt i f her an allo wance which made it possible for her to appear at Court in garb s u ed to - hor os on and rocured a ud ment it p iti , p j g favora e to her in her la ws uit ' therob mak n bl , y i g

ur Of a s n E n h n h o e er h fun s e o sor . ve e v t e c p t , w , tion was delayed on one pretext or an other : the

Com es se do Bearn read n the effec Of her c om t , d i g t

a sance u on her fu ure at One time retended pl i p t , p that she had sprained her ankle and obstinately kept to her s ofa for s ome days ; and it was not un the 1 s t Of A r 1 769 ha the on - ooked til 2 p il, , t t l g l h a h ch for presentation to ok place . T e del y w i occurred at the last moment is historica l ; it was

h a - r caused by the delinquency Of a ir d ess er .

Cho s eu the osom fr end an d con den Of i l, b i fi t

Madame do om adour c ou d have been n uenced P p , l i fl by n o virtuous s cru ples in refusing to live on

m r H terms Of friendship with Mada e du Ba ry . o

r us ed too much to his es a she os on and to t t t bli d p iti , the need h ch the k n had Of him and re ec ed w i i g , j t the innumerable advances which were made to him

NTRO TOR NOTE 1 26 I DUC Y .

Caes ars should have dis dained the lowly-born cour

esan wore not ha in s o d o n she was runn n t , it t t i g i g directly counter to the wishes an d c ommands Of

her mo her the o c Mar a Theresa . The c orres t , p liti i

on denco of the Em res s h Merc -Ar en eau p p wit y g t , her re resen a ve at the rench Cour is co ou s p t ti F t, pi ly c ited by Saint Am and (Les Dernieros Années do Louis It is filled with emphatic expressions

’ Of t he necess ity Of her daughter s bowing to circu m s ances and sho n her res ec for the n b t , wi g p t ki g y

rea men Of those whom he love c ourteous t t t s . “ It is erha s nee ess to sa ha Chon is a , p p , dl y t t

h a very real personage . S e was M demoiselle Claire d u B arr s s er Of Com e ean s he was a reat favo y, i t t J ; g r e Of her s s er-in -law and the u n s r Of it i t , g idi g pi it

ho the house ld .

Z amore too the e to ne r o was ac ua , , littl y g , t lly made Overnor Of Luc ennes and rece ve the g i , i d emoluments per taining to the governorship of a h ro a cha eau . It is not o ever as overnor Of y l t , w , g

Luc ennes ha he w on his mos en ur n fame i t t t d i g , but as the serpent who turned upon his benefactress and ren her asunder t .

When Lou s . was ea Of the sma o i XV d d llp x, Madame du Barry was exiled ; but it was only a short time before Luciennes was restored to her by tho ood-na ure success or Of her ro a over and g t d y l l , 1 27 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

here she ve un the Revo u on dur n the as t li d til l ti , i g l t years of tran quillity the very dearly loved mistres s

- r In 1 h r of the Duc de Cos sé B issac . 79 1 e j ewels

ere s o en and she un se c a ed u c a en w t l , wi ly ll p bli tt tion to the fact of her great wealth by offering a ‘

re ar f wo housand ou s for the r rec over w d o t t l i i y .

The h eves ere arres ed in En and and s he w as t i w t gl , compelled to make four j ourneys acr os s the channel

T e or before she was able to recover them . h st y of

the accusa ons made a a ns her as a s e ue of ti g i t , q l Al hose vo a es is too on to be o here . l her t y g , l g t ld

servan s urned a a ns her an d none more v nd o t t g i t , i i

tivel han Z amore who had eco me a ea ous y t , b z l

re u c an . On the 8th of D ecem er 1 79 3 she p bli b , ,

ascended the s caffo d and ooked hro u h the l , l t g lit ” tle n do of la Gu o ne us fift - hree a s wi w ill ti , j t y t d y after the unhappy queen had lost her life on the

Th a h f adam rr s ame spot . e de t o M e du Ba y c os t the con science of the Terror a quarter of an hour ” more han ha of Mar e An o ne e s a s De Gon t t t i t i tt , y c ourt It took the j ury an hour and a quarter to c onvict in the case o f the favorite “ The affa r of La Chalotais h ch is men i , w i tioned s o frequen tly in connection with the Duc

’ ’ d Ai uillon arose out of the a er s ncum enc of g , l tt i b y the office of m ar commandan of Bre a ne dur ilit y t t g , ing one of the periodical revolts of the parliament 1 28 NTRO TORY NOTE I DUC .

o f ha res ess rov nce h ch he had ut do t t tl p i , w i p wn

h r a v r Th En wit g e t s e e ity . e glis h made a descent

’ up on the c oas t of Bretagne in 1 758 ; D Aiguillon defeated them at Sain t-Cast and drove them ab oard

he r sh s b ut the Bre ons c a med ha h t i ip , t l i t t t e Duc was not en t ed to an cred ers ona and ti l y it p lly , accused him of h d n in a m i i g ill . So me on e rem arked in the presence of Monsieur de

’ la Chalotais that Mon sieur d Aiguillon c overed him ” se f h or at the a e of a n - a l wit gl y b ttl S i t C s t . ” h f our ou m ean re e La Chalotai s who Wit l y , pli d , was rocureur- énéra of the ar a men f Br p g l p li t o etagne .

’ D Ai uillon never for ave and s e ed the rs t g g it, iz fi opportunity to pro s ecute La Chalotais for an alleged

r hr o h monar h He wa im r plot to ove t w t e c y . s p is oned and ec ame at once the do of the ar a , b i l p li

’ men and eventuall D Ai uillon was re aced b t, \ y g pl y

Due de Duras .

Gu se e Ba s amo e er kno n to fame as th e i pp l , b tt w

Coun Ca ostro under h ch name he a ears in the t gli , w i pp o her romance s of the Mar e An o ne e c c e was a ' t i t i tt y l , charlatan of extraordinary ability who made a great stir in various European countries during the last

f h n h c en r In his hands quarter o t e eightee t tu y .

ree-masonr h ch was hen under the ban bec ame f y , w i t , a ver o erfu ea on and he was much a ded in y p w l w p , i

ak n u es hi w fe Loren a Feliciani a m i g d p by s i z ,

NTRO TORY N TE 1 30 I DUC O .

no es s an au hor han Goe he who was hen a l t ity t t , t student at Strasb ourg ; his reflections upon the impropriety of s uch decoration under the circum s an ces ere no es s us han forc t w l j t t ible . The fearful stor m which inter fered with the c ele bration at Versailles was fittingly capped by the horr e s au h er in ar s the fo o n n h ibl l g t P i ll wi g ig t,

h ch i s o ra h c a descr d w i s g p i lly ibe by D umas . The D auphines s was driving into Paris for the firs t

me to s ee the um na ons hen she was met ti ill i ti , w

n e ence of the sas er and drove sad bac by i t llig di t , ly k to Versailles To on e who has s tudied Rous seau in his own ” Confes s on s the m ses of the es sus c ous i , gli p t ty, pi i old p hilosop he are by no means the least attractive p ortions of the b ook . Although this s tory closes with the death of

Lou s . fteen ears efore the ak n o f the i XV , fi y b t i g

Bas e the n ro uc on of Mara the oom till , i t d ti t, gl y and re u s ve fana c and a ove all his rea ear p l i ti , b pp ance on the as a e ve a s nc forecas of l t p g , gi di ti t t

ha h ha i or w t t e future d n st e. MEMOIRS OF A PHYSICIAN .

LIST OF CHARACTERS

7 1 74 . Pe rio d , 1 70 t o 7

n f Fran e O . o c . L UIS XV , Ki g R J VAUBERNIER CO T RR MA IE EANNE DE , M ESSE DUBA Y, mi ress st . O T RR the L UIS AUGUS E , DUC DE BE Y, f r ar s oui s XVI au h n a e w d . D p i , t L , randsons of the K n . ’ g i g CO T D ARTOIs M E , CO T RO M E DE P VENCE, PRINCESS O FR L UISE DE ANCE , I R A E A , P INCESS D L DE dau h ers of ou s g t L i XV. R TO R P INCESS VIC I E, R SO P INCESS PHIE , ’ w d h e E C RTR after ar s a é Duc d Orléans . DUC DE HA ES, P ilipp g lit , C O r me M n s er of France DUC DE H ISEUL, P i i i t .

M R T R Em ress of us r a . A IA HE ESA, p A t i M R TO TT rchduchess of us r a and au h ness of A IE AN INE E, A A t i D p i

France .

DU VAUGUYON u or of the ro a r nces C . DE LA , t t y l p i CO en eman-in-wa in to the u h n CO T a . M E DE IGNY, g tl it g D p i

THE CO T or LANGERSHAUSEN wa n on Mar e n o ne e . UN ESS , iti g i A t i tt CO T ST bro her-in-law of M de Cho seul and M E DE AINVILLE , t . i overnor of ra bour G St s g . C R O RO A DINAL L UIS DE HAN . 1 32 F H R E LIS T O C A ACT RS .

M RE R A CHAL DE ICHELIEU , ’ D A L his n h w IGUIL ON e e M. de DUC , p , ’ hoiseul s s uccess or C , ’ M. FRO R che eu s son DE NSAC, i li , R SO P INCE DE UBISE,

MARECIIAI. O R DE LUXEMB U G, gentlemen of the R GUEMENEE P , INCE DE Fr n h ur e c Co t . R CO E P INCE DE ND , CO T VAUDRAYE M E DE LA , ’ LAMBERT M. D A ,

M E R M. DE AL SHE BES, VRILLIERE DUC DE LA , TESMES a hunchback DUC DE , , C O DUCHESSE DE H ISEUL , ’ R O T M. de Choiseul s s s er DUCHESSE DE G AMM N , i t R GUEMENEE P INCESSE DE , ’ ’ CO T D EGMONT R che ieu s dau h er M ESSE , i l g t , M R M R O A QUISE DE I EP IX, ’ DUCHESSE D AYEN, ’ RO D ALOGNY BA NNE , NO DUCHESSE DE AILLES, ' MAR UISE DE S Q AVIGNY, M ’E ADAME D PINAY, M O TRO ADAME DE P LAS N , CO T DE SARTINES eu enan of o e c . M E , Li t t P li FO his c erk LA UINE , l . - . S GUIER dvoca e en ra M E e . DE , A t G l

M. O rovos of the Merchan s . BIGN N, P t t - GR OT orne enera . M. DE LA AL AIS, Att y G l R f h h seu m n r t e o s . M. o C DE P ASLIN, i l i i t y

M. RT DE BE IN, of the u on m n s r Aig ill i i t y. E T RR ABB E AY , 5 - M MAUPEOU ce Chance or . . DE , Vi ll f th r men M. O o e a a . DE B YNES, P li t h r ur of o ns S asb . MO R RE car St. NSIEU MY, Vi J , t g

134 T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S .

MAiTRE FLAGEOT her aw er , l y . R his ser van M R T . A GUE I E , t CHO HO s er Of Madame ubarr NC N, Si t D y. T RR VICOM E JEAN DUBA Y . ’ Z OR Com esse Dubarr s ne ro a e AM E , t y g p g . M S O , ’ ADEM ISELLE YLVIE Com esse Dubarr s ma ds t y i . M O ORE ADEM ISELLE D E , S T a cour er in the serv of M me d rammon ce ada e . EBAS IAN, i i G t ’ R N co e Le a v . M. s o er DE BEAUSI E , i l g y l

o rt ha r r . M. c u d esser LUBIN, i M ADAME LUBIN, va e to ou s LEBEL, l t L i XV. ’ RAETE R che eu s secre ar , i li t y . N an intendent M. R . G A GE,

AiTRE NI UET a no ar . M Q , t y

M ITR GUILDOU an a orne . A E , tt y ’ Rouss eau s w fe T ERE . H SE , i ’ m r FR T a sa o s se van . I Z, B l t M R R T servan of Andrée de Taverne A GUE I E , t y. h EO R a a rdresser . M. L NA D, i CO TO a coachman M IS, . l n CO RT a osti io . U IN, p ’

GRIVETTE Mara s servan . DAME , t t HOtel eu Hos a HA R a a e n at the . VA D, p ti t Di pit l T MD M. U O . G ILL IN , ’ ma a r n i e S O a shoe ker s e c . IM N, pp t - TO a easan of VILLERs COTTERET. PI U, p t

M TO his w fe . ADELEINE PI U, i he TO r son . ANGE PI U, t i ’ E Pitou s s s er ANG LIQUE , i t . “ CAPTAIN OF THE ADONIS . U ’ S C L ” THE Q EEN NE K ACE .

I T D T R T N RO UC O Y NO E.

A CRUEL fate seemed to have ordained that from

an hi o the momen t that Louis XVI. d s l vely Aus

r an ueen ascended the hrone of rance the t i q t F , worst possible c onstruc tion should be placed upon

he r ever act ho ever nnocen or e -mean in t i y , w i t w ll t

f The ver c of al v a or in o h itsel . di t l in estig t s t t e proximate causes and the course of the French

Revo u on — Of all ha is who can a r make l ti , t t , f i ly an c aim to m ar a and he r name is le y l i p ti lity , t i gion — is SO nearly unanimous that it has come to be a mere tru s m ha the unha k n and i , t t ppy i g queen were the vic tims of the time in which they live d ; that they reaped the harves t s own by their

redecess ors and hat the rea es cr me ha c an p , t g t t i t t be a r u e to hem is ack of ud men a fa tt ib t d t l j g t, il ure to appreciate and ac quiesce in the in evitable

rend of ev n t e ts .

a s Car e in his ess a on the D amon Nec S y lyl , y i d k ” ace a os ro h n Mar e An o ne e l , p t p izi g i t i tt 1 36 E INTRODUCTORY NOT .

“ Thy f ault in the Fr ench Revo l ution was that thou wert the Symbol of the Sin and Mis ery of a thousand ear s ha h B ar ho om y ; t t wit St . t l ew and J acq ueries, with Gabell es and Dragonnad es and

Parcs-aux -Cer f s the hear o f mank nd w as fi e , t i ll d f n m d r n -n u a d f oa e ove to all vo v n m n . ll , i i l i g ad es s

As o or eas an s ho w ha o rth had e wo p p t , ppy, w y y t been ! But by e vil destiny y e were m ade a King and Q ue en of ; and s o both once m or e — are become an astonishment and a by word to all times

h on o a T e wr g n te w s struck when Louis XVI. in the rs da s of his re n rofess n and hones fi t y ig , p i g, tly w hou dou a ur ose to ns u e u sefu reforms it t bt, p p i tit t l , and to a void the scan dals which had disgrace d the

’ c os n ears of his randfa her s re n en ack l i g y g t ig , w t b ha f a cen ur for his r me M n s er and unear hed l t y P i i i t , t the Comte de Maure as who had een in re remen \ p , b ti t since he was forced out of Office by Madame de

r fo We can read in om adour h r ea s e re . P p , t i ty y b man aces -for ns ance in the Mémo res of the y pl i t , i

Comte de Sé ur the r end of Lafa e e the unfor g , f i y tt tunate impression that was produced by this reversion

n a to the r eactionary ideas of the last ge er tion . The wron no e was s ruck and et urne out to be g t t , y it t d

- o o w the key note of all that was to f ll . Let us glan ce now for a moment at the first occasion given by Marie Antoinette for unfriendly

1 38 NTRO TORY NOTE I DUC .

e ueen ou mus not be Littl Q , y t So saucy with y our twenty years Your ill-used courtiers soon will see

You pass once more the barriers.

Fal lal la, fal lal 1a.

More han een ears af er h s sa s Ma ame t fift y t t i , y d “ Cam an I heard s o me old ad es in the mos re p , l i , t

red ar of Auver ne re a n all the ar cu ars ti p t g , l ti g p ti l of the da of u c c on o ence for the a e n y p bli d l l t ki g , on h ch as he s a d the ueen had au he in w i , t y i , q l g d the faces of the s exagenarian duches ses and prin ces ses wh o had thought it their duty t o appear on ” ca on the oc si . This Incident is given at length because it is typi c al of the ho e e er ence of the oor ueen w l xp i p q ,

hose ever act and ever ord was erver ed and w y y w p t ,

h the ss s ance mus be s a d of her own bad wit a i t , it t i ,

’ ud men and the k n s on a mo st ever occas on j g t i g , l y i was made to serve as a nail in the c offin of her p opularity. ’ Madame Campan s pages are full Of similar epi sodes r v a in a earance but rea as seen in , t i i l pp , lly , the h of s u s e uen even s osses s n a s n s er lig t b q t t , p i g i i t

f h ff c of Ma am r n significance . I t e e e ts d e de Cle mo t

’ Tonnerre s a fu nes s as ed f een ears we ma pl y l l t fi t y , y easily understand that the wretched affair which forms the groundwork of the romance contained i n NTRO TOR NOTE I DUC Y . 1 39

these volumes had much Wider and more far-reach in conse uences han aken se it ou g q t , t by it lf, w ld

s eem to merit . It should be said that the crisis of this aff air of ” the necklac e Afiaire du Collier ) came directly upon the h eels of the first performances of the much It dis c ussed Mariage de Figaro of Beaumarchais . had been kept off the s tage for s ome time by the

’ n s order on accoun of d vers o a rean and ki g , t i V lt i

eve in d oc r nes enunc a e in and was na l ll g t i i t d it, fi lly

roduced su s an a unchan ed v rtue of p , b t ti lly g , by i a permit granted with the unders tanding that

he O ec ona e assa es had een s r cken ou t bj ti bl p g b t i t. It was received with such thunders of applause that the king did not venture to s top it ; but the au hor was m r s oned and ubl c o n on was ver t i p i , p i pi i y

ok n outsp e . With regard to the actual facts concernin g the famous neck ac e ma be s a d rs ha he are l , it y i , fi t, t t t y

ar e Shr ouded in m ene ra e m s er and sec l g ly i p t bl y t y, , ondl ha s o far as he can be ec hered h y, t t, t y d ip wit an cer a nt he s u s an a a ree h the y t i y, t y b t ti lly g wit v rs n v e io gi en by Dumas . The materials for unravelling the very tangled

hread are vo um nous c ons s n ar e of the t l i , i ti g l g ly absolutely inc onsistent s tatements made by the vari ous defendants and h ch form ar of the rec or s of , w i p t d 1 40 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

e r a T er is a so a e of Madame de La th t i l. h e l lif Motte written by herself ; a letter from London from the en of Ca os ro the memo rs of Abbe Geor el p gli t ; i g ,

c a of ard nal Rohan and Madame r va e. se re r C de p i t t y i ,

Ca m an. But the mos m or an ev dence ndeed p t i p t t i i , the only really important evidence was burned up b A bé Geor el in o ed ence to the no e r en y b g , b i t w itt

Rohan at the me of his arres h ch reache by ti t, w i d

’ him be ore sea s ere ut u on the Card na s a ers f l w p p i l p p . Other pres umably damnatory d ocuments were de s ro a de a e efore her arres t yed by M dame L Mott b t.

All the s n ev dence Car e c a ms and un exi ti g i lyl l i , dou e w h er ec ru h to have s f ed and bt dly it p f t t t , i t

u n mon weighe d carefully ; and his , c oncl s io s de strate the impos sibility of ever coming at the whole: truth as to the proper apportionment of responsibility

ha between La Motte and Ro n . The only approach to accurate information as

o h h eck ac was ut o e her t t e date when t e. n l e p t g t

he a men of am am an ha w as is t st te t Mad e. C p , t t it or na n en e for Madame du Barr who igi lly i t d d y, ” 1 en in o ha a in 1 774 hen Lou . w t t lf p y , w is XV died .

To the s ma of Boehmer Mar e An o ne e di y , i t i tt re used con h has of h ac f to sid er t e purc e t e neckl e. “ - We have more need of s eventy fours than . of

14 2 NT I RODUCTORY NOTE.

If as s eems ver ou u the Car na did s ea , y d btf l, di l p k

s ara n of the r ncess to her mother he di p gi gly p i , mus have r e en ed in sackc o h and ashes for t p t it l t , there s eems to be n o question as to the reality of his ass on for her d a n from his re urn to ranc p i , ti g t F e “ s oon af er he dea h of Lou s hr u t t t i XV. T o gh ten

on ears sa s Car e of new res o ve and new l g y , y lyl , l des ondenc of n fr om averne to ar s and p y , flyi g S P i from ar s to averne has as ed ho e deferred P i S , it l t ; p ” m k r k h h a ing the hea t Sic . Meanw ile e had se c ured the Arch sho r c of ras ur the Grand bi p i ( St b g) , “ A monersh the Card na sh and as to a l ip , i l ip, l tly , p

ease the e s ha fa es Commendatorshi p J w , t t tt t p, f un e n Thi r i h o—n o h n o d d K e r t e D . by i g , t i g

‘ ’ ‘ All good ! languidly cr oaks Rohan yet all n ot

’ the one h n n eedfu : a as the ueen s e es do t i g l l , q y

’ n ot yet Shine on me .

Abbe. Geor el adm s in his own o e d o g it , p lit ipl ma c w a ha the Mud-vo cano Rohan was ti y, t t l ! ! much agitated by these trials ; and in time quite c an e Monse neur dev a ed n o ca a is c h g d . ig i t i t b l ti cours es af er e rs h ers and the hilos o , t lixi , p ilt , p

’ her s s one ha is the vo can c s eam re w p t ; t t , l i t g

’ h c er and heav er at as Ca liostro s ma c t i k i ; l t, by g gi (for Cagliostro and the Cardinal by elective afii n

mus mee san n o the o ac of er ec ity t t) , it k i t p ity p f t ” London fog . INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1 4 3

“ It is sa d ha Gu se e or Be o Ba samo i t t i pp pp l , o her s e Coun A es sandro di Ca os ro in his t wi t l gli t , younger days took s ome pain s to p rocure from a “ c oun r v car under the fa ses of re ences a bit t y i , l t p t , ” h of cotton s teeped in holy oils . T is seemingly in sign ificant Circu mstance is given much impor tance

Car e in his e re me sear ch n and hor ou h by lyl , xt ly i g t g ana s s of h s remarka e charac er as end n to ly i t i bl t , t i g p rove that there was at the botto m of his nature ” - r o rea u ers ous f a certain musk g ain f l s p titi belie .

It mus be sa d ho wever ha h s or affords but t i , , t t i t y slight j us tification for endowing him with any of the nobler qualities which are attributed to him

h rom he ver e nn n of his in t ese pages . F t y b gi i g

' career as a a men in the s reets of a ermo here g t P l , w he w as orn in 1 74 3 down to his dea h in r s on at b , t p i

Ro me fift -odd ears a er he se dom fa e t o ex y y l t , l il d b ibit all the distinctive traits of an imp ostor and

Hi a m o of o ch a char a an . s c s en u e u on l t l i , t t d p by

D umas ha he had ved for severa housan , t t li l t d

ears is e us ra e the h s or ca fac ha y , w ll ill t t d by i t i l t t t “ he w as on hen ass n a s a ue of Chr s to w t, w p i g t t i t, pause with a wondr ously accented plaintive Ha I as

’ ” f r c o f n r n o e n on as o housa d ea s re mem ra ce . g iti , t y b

It w be remem ered ha in the n roduc on ill b t t, i t ti ” to the Memo rs of a h s c an D um as men t ons i P y i i , i the Swiss Lavater as one of the prominent actors 1 4 4 NTRO CTORY OTE I DU N .

in the m s c as semb a e on MOn Tonn rr y ti l g t e e. The association between the tw o really existed ; and the

’ impression made by the pupil of Althotas upon the worthy and learned savant is a c onvincing proof of his marve ous o er of m os on La a ll p w i p iti . v ter s aid of him °

Ca os ro a m an s uch as few ar e in hom ho gli t ; w , w

e ver I a m n ot a b e ever . Oh ha he er e m , li t t w Si ple of hear an d humb e ke a ch d ha he b a n t l , li il ; t t d feeli g for the s implic ity of the gosp e l and the m aj es ty of the L or d ! Who wer e s o great as he ? Caglios tro often

e s what is not r ue and r omis es h h t ll t , p w a t e does not

' rf r m Y d o I ow ' r a pe o . et n is e hold his op e a tions a s d ecep ” tion thou ht h r n h h h m e a e ot w a e ca s e . , g y t ll t

' The problems presen ted by the unexampled career

of h s an ere. ra e w h ch er v n t i m w g ppl d it by S ill , gi i g rise to his unfinishe d novel of the Geisterseher and Goe he who re eved his m nd from the by t , li i hold the matter took upon it by writing the drama ” - Af er wander n man call ed the Gr oss Kophta . t i g y

an s a liostro found at Stras e ears hrou h man l d . C y t g y , g - ur the r ches inflamma blest mos . o en hande b g i t , , t p d ” du e ever et vouchsafe d him in the ers on o f the p y , p

r nc e-Card na Lou s de Rohan Of hom the A é P i i l i , w bb “ Georgel wrote that he came at last to have no ’ ” i r other will than Cagl os t o s .

1 4 6 INTROD Y UCTOR NOTE.

N co e O va Le a ure as her ac com c i l li g y fig pli e . That

ar ho ever was rea a ed a ar s a p t, w , lly pl y by P i i n co ur

esan named Ess n kno n to h s or under t ig y, w i t y the

’ name of Ga d Oliva or Olisva h ch was v y , , w i gi en

her La Mo e the a ter orm be n n by tt , l t f i g a anagram

of Va lois .

If Madame Cam an is to be cred ed Mar e An p it , i

o ne e had never s een Madame de La Mo e b t t i tt tt , u

the Coun es s had once met one Desclos a va e of t , l t

’ the ueen s b ed-cham er at the ouse of a sur eon q b , h g

r Th s Desclos ur d om at Ve sailles . i fig e pr inently in the deception put upon the Cardinal ; for Betau

de e e ersona e him or is su osed to have Vill tt p t d , pp

one s o on s evera momen ous occas ons hen the d , l t i w C ountess found it necessary to produce a d uly ao credited agent of the queen .

Thus hen a ar a n is arran e e een Boehmer , t , b g i g d b tw , t s witha neck ace for sa e and Madame Lamo e till l l , tt de a n -Rem de a n - h f as re resen n S i t y S i t S i ty , p ti g

han On the ls of e ruar 1 85 Mons eur de Ro . t 7 i F b y, ,

the famous e e was de vere to the Cardinal . who j w l li d , signed a receipt for it : by him it was handed over to the Countess at Versailles for trans mission to

n A nock is hear at the door and the uee . q k d , Monseigneur retires to an alcove whence he can

k a En r va e D clo a a s ee ha a es ce. e s es s s w t t pl t l t , li

Retau de e e who rece ves the rec ous caske Vill tt , i p i t, NTRO TOR NOTE I DUC Y . 4 7

mn n unc ons and rom ses and r r w h so e e es . it l i j ti p i , ti

“ Thus s of s en e a ver dream flits a ay tly, il tly , lik y , w our s o d neck ace hrou h the Horn Ga of li l , t g te ”

Dreams .

It w as taken to pieces and s old under the aus

oes f Coun de La Mo e in London and e se pi o t tt , l

h re n e ore he e o on e o t s . w , l g b f xpl i Let us no w listen for a moment to Madame Cam

an as She re a es the c rcums ances under h ch p , l t i t w i th e os on ook ace Her narra ve naive e xpl i t pl . ti ly displays the almost incredible lack of j udgment on the ar of the ueen who h e she was undou p t q , , w il bt edl free from an u in the ransac on seemed y y g ilt t ti , fa e if h r u It be n o ce t d to act as S e we e g ilty . will ti d

ha the a e e s1 nature of the ueen Mar e An t t ll g d g q , i

o ne e de Fr a nce w as in the ossess on of the Car t i tt , p i d na and ha was made a sub ec of accusa on i l, t t it j t ti against him tha t he should n ot have recognized the

’ impos sibility of the queen s having s o designated herself

hen Madame So h e was born the ueen o d W p i , q t l me ha Mons eu r de a n e - am es a r h fi n n er t t i S i t J , i c a c i , had appr ise d her that Boehmer was s till in t en t up on the s a e of his ne k a e and ha she ou h for er l c l c , t t g t, h own sa sfac on to endeavor to ear n ha the man ti ti , l w t had don e h : she des red me the fir s m e I hou d wit it i , t ti S l

eet him to s eak h him about as if from the m , p wit it, TE 14 8 INTRODUCTORY NO .

n erest took in hi elfare . I did so and he o d i t I s w , t l me he had been fo rtu nat e e nou gh to s e ll it at Cons t an ti

no e for the favor Su an a . I o d the u een pl it e lt t l q , who was del h ed to hear but c ou d not u n r ig t it, l de s t an d how the Sultan came to purchas e his diamonds in Paris . “ She on avo ded see n Boehmer e n fearfu of l g i i g , b i g l

r h h r r his as c a ac t e . ’ On the b a s m of the uc d An oulé me in 1 785 pti D g , the k ave him a d am ond e au e e an d uck es ing g i p l tt b l , an d d r e ed o hm r r hem t h u n i c t B e e to delive t o t e q ee .

He res e n ed he m on her return from m as s an d at p t t , the s am e time han ded her a l e tter in the for m of a peti

on I h h h r ti . n t is e told e that he wa s happy to s ee her

‘ ’ in oss e ss on o the fi n es d amonds in Euro e and p i f t i p ,

her ot t for et im he u een r ead the begged n o g h . T q

r a oud an w no h n in i ut a roof of l ette l , d sa t i g t b p m ental aberration ; she lighted the pap er at a wax

a r and n near her as she had s ome e ers to t pe st i g , l tt ‘ ’ s ea s a n It is not orth kee n . She af er l, yi g, w pi g t war ds much r egre tted the loss of this enigmatical m mor a e i l .

“ On the 3d of August B oehmer came to me at my c o untry hou s e at Crespy !the fi rs t paymen t was to be

de J u 3oth but of c ours e was not . He was ex ma ly , , , ! tremely uneasy at not havin g recei ved any ans wer from

h ue n and asked me if I had no comm ss o n for t e q e , i i ’ ‘ But s a d oehmer the him no . B him . I told , i ,

T INTRODUCTORY NO E.

Boehmer subsequently had an interview with the

ueen af er he had re orted to the Card na the re q , t p i l

s u of his c onversa on h Madame Cam an He lt ti wit p . related to her all that he had been made to believe had taken place between her and himself through

h ar na t e medium of the C di l. He refu sed to listen

to her den a s and e re ea n : Madame the i l , k pt p ti g , time for pretending has gone by : Condescend to

confess ha ou have m neck ace an d let om t t y y l , s e

ass s ance be ven me or m ankru c s o i t gi , y b pt y will on ” bring everything to light . It was after this interview that the queen told

n e re eu the ho e s or H the Baro d B . e was as t il w l t y ,

is e no n an nve era e enem of Rohan and w ll k w , i t t y , was only too glad of the opportunity to disgrace

hi m .

“ n Sunda the 1 5th Au us e n On the fo llowi g y, g t, b i g ’ A um on at e ve o c ock at the ver momen the s s pti , tw l l , y t

n res s ed in his ontifi cal armen s whe n the Cardi al, d p g t ,

to the cha e he was s en for to was ab ou t to proceed p l, t ’ ” the king s c l os e t wher e the queen was .

He was hen ues one b the n a m ed t q ti d y ki g, d itt

ha he had been u ed and roduce the a e e t t d p , p d ll g d

e er rom the ueen s ne Mar e An o ne e de l tt f q , ig d i t i tt ” rance and off ere to a for the n ec ace him F , d p y kl

f He ecame u h on use and ma e con s e . b m c c l f d, d 1 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 5 1

tradictor s a emen s and was at as ven n o y t t t , l t gi i t cus od but was a e as s a ed a ove to rov de t y, bl , t t b , p i for the des ruc on of his a ers here air - im t ti p p , w by

ene ra e c oud was hro n over the ho e aff a r p t bl l t w w l i . He was followed to the Bastille by Madame de La

‘ Mo e and h er hus and Ca os ro Be au de tt b , gli t , t Vil

’

e e and Mademo se e Ga d Oliva . The r a l tt , i ll y t i l

ra e hrou h man ear mon hs ur n h ch d gg d t g y w y t , d i g w i unheard-Of efforts were made by the family of the

Car na as e as the c er even to the o e di l w ll l gy, P p h mse to rocure for him the r h to be r ed at i lf, p ig t t i “ ” The c on uc of h n a u n Rome . t e nd ee sa s d t ki g q , y

Madame Cam an was e ua and oud censured p , q lly l ly in the a ar men s of ersa es and in the hOtels p t t V ill , ” an coffe -h u e of Th s wa ec u h d e o s s Paris . i s b a se t ey did no hush h m r ha t t e atte up . W t would have been sa d had he r e to do so ? i , t y t i d

— On the 3lst of Ma 1 786 at n ne in the even n y, , i i g, ” a er a S n of e h een hours the arli amen of ft itti g ig t , P t Paris solemnly pronounced j udgment

“ Cardinal de Rohan goes soot-free : Coun tess de La - mo e is haven on the head randed w h r ed hot ron tt S , b it i

Voleuse on o h shou ders and confin ed for fe to V ( ) b t l , li the Sal etriere her oun ander n uncer a n h p ; C t w i g t i , wit d amon ds for sa e over the Br sh Em r e the S eur i l , iti pi ; i ’ de e e for han d n a ueen s en is an shed Vill tt , li g q p , b i

” ’ forever ; the too queen like Demoisell e Gay d Oliva 1 52 NTRO TORY NOTE I DUC .

‘ (with her u nfathered infan t) put out of Court : an d

Grand Co hta Ca l os ro bera ed nde ed b ut la ed p g i t , li t i , pil g , ” n r r f r h t ak h ms e f a a d o de ed o t with o t e i l way .

The k n ers s n in his v e ha the Card na i g, p i ti g i w t t i l

and the oman La Mo e ere e ua cu a e w tt w q lly lp bl , s ought to restore the balance of j us tice by exiling the

Card na to La-Cha se-D eu and s uffer n Madame de i l i i , i g La Motte to es cape a few days after her inc arcera

on hus c on rm n ar s in the o n on ha the ti , t fi i g P i pi i t t

latter had really interested the queen herself. ” Thus sa s Car e does the m sera e ck e , y lyl , i bl pi l herring tragedy of the Diamond Necklace wind it

s f el up .

Of the romantic as distinguished from the bistori

’ cal portions of the Queen s Necklace little need

be sa d s ve tha one has not far to seek in ren ch i , a t F his tory of the las t century to find precedents in

rofu on for the un a erna c on du c of the e der p si p t l t . l

Taverne Andree and h e are s s ru n . y , P ilipp till t ggli g

a a ns h rue fa h ch see ms to have doomed g i t t e c l te , w i them to know no part of life but its s orrows ; while we are introduc ed for thefirst time to Olivier de

Charn of hom we are to see much more in the y, w

o later v lumes o f this cycle. To the historic al characters of the story we must

add Beaus re who is hus men one in a manu i , t ti d

’ K A TH E Q UEEN S N EC L CE .

LIST OF CHARACTERS.

- Peri o d 1 78 4 1 78 5 . ,

in of France. O XVI. L UIS , K g his ueen T TT . MARIE AN OINE E, Q C T DE RO OM E P VENCE’ bro hers of the n . ’ t Ki g CO T RTO 1 M E D A IS, ’ COMTESSE D ARTOIS. ’ E ’ O son of Com e d Artois DUC D ANG UL ME, t . ’ OR E DUC D L ANS . R AM P INCESSE DE L BALLE . THE R RO P INCESS YAL . T V n of Sweden vis n R che eu under the assumed GUS A US, Ki g , iti g i li

name of Comte de Haga.

R OUI C R RO rand moner of France . P INCE L S, A DINAL DE HAN, G Al M M nis er of F nan C O ce . . DE AL NNE, i t i O R f the Sea s R T ee er o . BA N DE B E EUIL, K p l

M RE C TR M n s er of the Nav . A CHAL DE AS IES, i i t y

M. RO a nav a or. DE LAPEY USE, ig t

MARECHAL DE RICHELIEU . CO T RR M ESSE DUBA Y .

CO T overnor of the as lle. M E DE LAUNAY, G B ti

M. CRO eu enan of o ce. DE SNE , Li t t P li M R FAVRAS Ca ain of the uards of Comte de rovence. A QUIS DE , pt G P M R T A QUIS DE LAFAYE TE . CO T TRO M E CAGLIOS . - E S T RE O CO T MOTT . JEANN DE AIN MY VAL IS, M ESSE DE LA E CO T DE MOTT M E LA E . 6 T F H R TE 1 5 LIS O C A AC RS.

’ DO L OT adame un M de a s . M. I L L Mo e s co e , tt l R R ADMI AL DE SUFF EN . CO T O R C R his ne hew M E LIVIE DE HA NY, p , in love with the C R P I TAVERNEY M O HEVALIE H LIPPE DE AIS N u e Q e n . RO UGE , RE TA ERNEY ma d-Of-honor t Mar e n V o o ne e . AND E DE , i i A t i tt

BARON DE TAVERNRY MAISON ROUGE . M O O former ca ed N co e e a ADEM ISELLE LIVA , ly ll i l L g y.

M. R her over DE BEAUSI E, l o f u r nd O va TO T s n o ea s e a . USSAIN , B i li

M O a or u uese adven urer . AN EL, P t g t

M. O R ’ B EHME , ewe ers in ossess on of the d amond neck ac j ll , p i i l e.

M. OSSANGE B , 1

B T TT a ourna s . E AU DE VILE E , j li t

E E E Almoner of the as e. ABB L K L, B till m a h o u ue e b ssador . M. S t e r s DE UZA, P t g A M DUCORNEAU Chance or of the or u uese Embass . , ll P t g y.

C RO R drama c wr er. M. H A N I DE BEAUMA C AIS, ti it N R M. ECKE . TOR M M R DOC ES E . m O TOR DE LON a d sc e of Mes er . D C S , i ipl ’ M R A one of Mesmer s a ents. . DE BE G SSE , p ti - sm S T M RT eacher of s ir ua . AIN A IN, t p it li RR MAXIMILIEN DE ROBESPIE E .

JEAN PAUL MARAT .

rk of the Cour ud n Madame de L a Mo e. M. R TO C e B E N, l t j gi g tt M R CO OR T A QUIS DE ND CE , CO T CO M E DE IGNY,

M. DE LAUZUN,

M . R DE VAUD EUIL, O E of the Fr n lr Court M. C e C . DE ND , M TRE O . DE M UILLE , E R M. T DE PEN HI V E , RO T BA N DE PLAN A, M O C ADAME DE P LIGNA ,

A N G E PI T OU.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

ON Chr s mas Da 1 753 Lor Ches er e ro e i t y , , d t fi ld w t

rom ar s s umm n u his o serva ons on the f P i , i g p b ti s a e of rance : In shor all the s m oms h ch t t F t, y pt w i

I have ever met w h in h s or rev ous to rea it i t y, p i g t chan es and revo u ons in overnmen now e s g l ti g t, xi t ” and daily increase in France.

Th s ein r en s o ear and a ore ner i , b g w itt ly by f ig , is perhaps the m os t n oteworthy of the prophecies of disas ter to c ome which were trumpeted forth by s o many keen-sighted in tellects during the last

r I a o n half of the eighteenth centu y . t w s fl ati g in the air ; it w as written upon the faces of the s arv n do n- ro den eo e who found hem t i g , w t d p pl , t s e ves ur ened h h s tax and ha tax h l b d wit t i t t , wit

hes and ta illes from wh ch the n o and tit , i bility c er ere e em wh e on the o her han d the l gy w x pt ; il t , luxury and extravagance of thos e privileged clas ses

re ever da more an on and he r v ces more g w y y w t , t i i shame on less . Up such a foundation the philoso l60 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

hers and enc c o aed s s had u s o and e p y l p i t b ilt lidly w ll, “ s o that Voltaire wrote exultingly of the glorIous Sights which the young men of his day would live to see ; wherefore they were g reatly to be envied !

The old Mar u s de M ra eau fa her of him q i i b , t who became s o prominent a figure during the early months of the Revo u on — a cur ous cra ed old l ti , i , bb “ ” fe o who ca ed h mse the r end of m en and ll w, ll i lf f i , whos e peculiarities a re described by Dumas In the “ ” Com es se de Charn ro e i his memo rs a t y, w t n i

’ des cription of a peas ant s holiday which he wit ness ed in the provinces ab out the time “of the death

f Af r r n h an o Louis XV. te des c ibi g t e d ce “ h ch en ded in a a e and the r h fu men w i b ttl , f ig t l , or rather fr h fu w d an ma s of an c ig t l il i l , gig ti s a ure e h ened h h ooden c o s the r t t , h ig t by ig w l g , i

aces ha ard an d covered h on reas h a r f gg wit l g g y i , the u er ar of the v s a e a n a e the o e pp p t i g w xi g p l , l w r, dis torting itself into the attempt at a crUel laugh ” and a s or of eroc ous m a ence he m ora z es t f i i p ti , li “ thus : And these people pay the ta ttle ! And

ou an ur her to t ake the r s a from hem s! y w t, f t , i lt t And you kn ow not what it is you are s tripping b arer or as ou c a overn n — ha -a , y ll it, g i g w t, by

s ur of our en in its co d das ard n fference p t y p , l , t i di ,

ou ' anc ou can s arve al a s w h m un y will f y y t w y it i p ity,

1 6 NTRO T Y 2 I DUC OR NOTE.

e a e un was so to s a e or e and hence. d l y d til it , y, xt t d , beref of all a earance of a n vo un ar t pp willi g, l t y

concess on . Numerous n s ances of h s fa a if i i t t i t lity, we ma s o ca are o d Dumas n o a the y ll it, t l by ; t bly

’ ’ day s postponement o f the king s j ourney to Paris

of after the day the Bas tille. “ W h the v r uous h oso h c Tur o who it i t , p il p i g t,

ad a ho e reforme rance in his head for h w l d F ,

Con ro er-Genera of the nances the re n of t ll l Fi , ig

me o ar off u der h I. see t s n t e es Louis XV d t t , b t of

But as ar e r aus ces . C e se u s Tur o pi , lyl t ly p t it, g t

has facu es hones ns h hero c vo on lti , ty , i ig t , i liti ,

’ h or una u urse h has no an u n but t e F t t s s p e t. S g i e c ontroller-general ! a whole pacific French Revolu

on ma s and scheme in the hea of the h nker ti y t d d t i ,

‘ ’ but who shall pay the ' unspeakable indemnities that will be needed ? Alas ! far from that ; on the very threshold of the business he proposes that the

c er the n oblesse the ver ar amen s b e s ub l gy, , y p li t , j ected to taxes like the people ! One shriek of indignation and astonishment reverberates through

all the cha eau a er es the oor n who t g ll i ; p ki g,

” had r en to him a few wee s a o ‘ You and I w itt k g ,

’ are the only ones who have the people s interest at

’ hear mus r e now a sm ssa and let the t, t w it di i l,

rench Revo u on accom sh se acificall or F l ti pli it lf, p y ”

not as can. , it INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1 63

To Tur o succeede Nec er a s o a s u and g t d k , l kilf l hon s nanc er a s o h schemes of eacefu e t fi i , l wit p l

a or five ears he carr ed he reform in his he d . F y i t

ur en and at as he too was dr ven to ro ose b d ; l t , , i p p the a a on of c er and n o and hereu on t x ti l gy bility, t p

o ake his - d e ar ure Ma 1 781 t . t p t , y, Under the short administrations of Joly de

’ e ur and D Ormess on ma ers fa ed to m rove Fl y , tt il i p

as n eed how cou he do o her se un ( i d , ld t y t wi til on the re remen of the a er hen the k n ti t l tt , w i g

urchased Ram oui e w hou c on su n him in p b ll t, it t lti g , “ the au umn of 1 783 ma ers hrea en to come to t , tt t t ” - a s s an sa s Car e . till t d, y lyl

At such a crisis destiny decreed that M . de

Ca onn e shou be ut or ar to the vacanc l ld p f w d fill y, “ — a man of nd s u a e en us be ore all h n s i i p t bl g i , f t i g , ” for b orrowing .

— “ Ho e rad a es rom his ace ersuas on han s p i t f f , p i g

i For ll ra he ha re en on h s tongue . a s t its s p s t reme and make t e wor ro o whee s dy, will h ld ll n l

f r h be o e im . “ ” In the D amon Nec ace D umas has ven i d kl , gi us a faithful picture of Calonne an d his method of

n h Hi n u n e o is nanc a en us . s ra d o e xpl iti g fi i l g i g il q t, “ Madame if is but difficu is done if is , it lt, it ; it ” m oss e sha be done seems hard to s am i p ibl , it ll , ly t p him as the man for the ace at ha cr ca er o pl t t iti l p i d, NTRO T TE 1 64 I DUC ORY NO .

however great may have been the felicity. of the (Eil-de-Boeuf under the temporary plenty which re “ ” sulted from the o c of orro n a an p li y b wi g t y price . It wou ld be ha rd to exaggerate the effect upon the growing aspirations of the French people after the unfamiliar s omething which they came to call

“ ” ber of the resu of the s ru e in A merica li ty, lt t ggl , in which the cause of the c olonists . was so p ower fully supported by the little b an d of Fren chmen of h whom Lafayette was. t e most pr ominent and the

He re urn o n . mos t notable. t ed t France i 1 783 t o

u e in ome uar ers c A r an . be d bb d s q t S ipio me ic us .

The s canda ous affa r of the neck- ace was as we l i l ,

have here of ore s een s e ed u onab the enemies of t , iz p y

' : the queen as a weapon with which . to ass ail her

re u a on a h ou her a so u e nn ocen ce of an p t ti , lt gh b l t i y

i o guilty Connection with it s n w beyond doubt . “ The results of this unfortunate epis ode — the im ” mens e ' rumor and c on ec ure fro m all mank nd j t i , couple d with the s land erous charges ma de by Madam e Lamotte in a letter from London after

~ her escape fro m the , Salpétriére went far towards

“ “ creating the unreas oning hatred of the Austrian ” oman h ch she herse f did s o e to assua e w , w i l littl g

e han n h a d hen . the c ou s became ac r n w l d bl k t ig t,

began to emit the thunder: and lightning of the

on Revoluti .

1 66 NTR Y E I ODUCTOR NOT . s tituting a more s ubservient Plenary Court was de ec ed efore was r e an d denounce to the t t b it ip , d

arliamen Of ar s h ch od u on remonstrata P t P i , w i b y, p

i was a ai n e ed Ma . An at em hereaf er ng , g xil ( y) t pt t t to r a se s u es r o a ed c s m led to the i ppli by y l i t i ply, re e on of all the rov nc a ar a men s the u c b lli p i i l p li t , p bli e res n its a rova m r i h xp si g pp l o e no sily t an ever . On August 8 appeared a royal edict to the effec t that the States -General should be convoked for May

fo o n was. o o ed ano her ed c ha ll wi g ; it f ll w by t i t, t t treas ury payments should thenceforth be made

hree-fifths in cash and two-fifths in a er a t p p , v r ua c onfes on ha the reasur was nso v n i t l si t t t y i l e t .

Thereu on Lomen e was n con n en d s m s sed p i i ti tly i i , and Necker recalled from Switzerland to beco me ” the av or of r S i F ance. “ A secon d c onvocation of the Notables (No vember 6 to Decem er 1 2 1 788 under o ok to dec de b , ) t i how the a es shou d be he d : he her the hree St t l l w t . t es a es shou mee as one de era ve od or as t t ld t lib ti b y,

hree or tw o and mos m or an o f all ha t , ; , t i p t t , w t sh ou d be the re a ve force in v o n of the Th rd l l ti , ti g , i

or ' The se ara e hou Es a e Comm ona . t t , lty y p t d wit t settling any of the points in question.

In anuar 1 789 the e ec ons e an — the rea J y, , l ti b g , l beginning of. the French Revolution in the opinion

of Car e and n ee of mos wr ers . lyl , i d d, t it INTRoDUCToRY NOTE. 1 67

On the 1 3th of u 1 78 8 here had een a J ly, , t b mos des ruc ve ha -s orm thr ou hout rance and t t ti il t g F , the gr owing cro ps were litera lly destroyed ; where by the extreme des titutio n which had com e to be the natural condition of the lower . classes had been

‘ — accen ua ed . In add t on the n er o f 1 788 89 t t i i , wi t was one of e reme r or s o ha seemed a mos xt ig , t t it l t as if God himself were openly mani fe sting his will that the gen eral overt urn Should come;

The rio in h ch Réve on the a er manufac t w i ill , p p

urer wa s c oncerned occurred in A r 1 789 us t , p il, , j t

‘ - prior to the assembling of the . States General on

” a M y 4 . The clergy and nobili ty at once exhibited their purpose to act as separate b odies and the Third

‘ Es a e le d M ra eau and o hers dec ded ha t t , by i b t , i t t it mus be the — ma ns r n of the ho e and ha t i p i g w l , t t it “ ” W ould remain inert until the other two estates

' should j oin with it ; under which circumstances it c ou d outvf o e h m n h h For l t t e a d do w at it c ose . “ seven eeks h s s a e of ner a endured u n w t i t t i ti , til the. cour t decided to in tervene and the ass embly

' hall w as found Closed against the representatives of the eo e on un h r u n h m i p pl J e 20 . T e e po t ey et n

’ ‘ the old enn s -cour eu de aume and here the t i t (J P ) , t ” celebrated Oath of the Tenn is -Co urt wa s taken by — ” “ ever man of~ hem b ut on e an oa h ha he y t , t t t t y 1 68 Y INTRODUCTOR NOTE.

not se ara e for man e o but mee in all will p t b l w, will t

aces under all c rc ums an ces heres oever two or pl , i t , w three can et o e her he have made he g t g t , till t y t

Cons titution . One subsequent attempt was made by the king to intimidate this o minously persis tent b ody ; but the messenger whom he despatched to command ” hem to se ara e Mercur de Bre e Car e ca s t p t y z , lyl ll him) was addres sed in very plain language by the

n-h ra au a r r in n f Th o eaded M e nd e ed c o us on . e li i b , ti i c ourt rec oiled before the spectacle of all France on the edge of blazin g out the other two es tates j oined

h Th rd h h r u m h in ver ar ar t e c ed e cu . i , w i t i p y p ti l Hen ceforth the States -General are the National As ” sem s ome mes c a ed the Cons uen Assem bly, ti ll tit t ” k n or assem met to ma e th co s u on . bly, bly e tit ti This c urs ory sketch of the leading events of the

i offer a early years o f the reign of Louis XVI. s ed s a sort of s upplement to that presen ted by Dumas “ before he takes his readers into the thick of the ” bus es i r in s n Pa is . The b adly veiled military preparations to which the terror of the queen and the court led the king to c on s en ke the ar s an o u ace in a c on s an t, pt P i i p p l t t s a e of ermen a on h ch was o er u he e t t f t ti , w i p w f lly lp d on by the c ontinued s carcity of food an d the con sequent influx of starving provincials into the

NT O T R T 1 70 I R DUC O Y NO E.

hi own d e ence on he o h h rm dor ear s t t e I. f l T i , y I

u 28 It as Lou s Tourn a a ack (J ly , w i y, bl s m h a nd old s o er ! of the Re men D au h ne it ldi gi t p i , who hacked away the chain which upheld the firs t

ra r It was an unkno n an who rs d wb idge . w m fi t es sayed to cros s the d itch to take the note dictating terms and fell to the bottom (and was killed) ; b ut it was Stanislas Maillard who followed and made

afe the pas s age in s ty.

E e and Hu is need es s t o sa are his li llin, it l y, t ric al Charac ers and or h of an h on ora e ace o t , w t y bl pl in h s or for he r hero c a em s hen and a f er i t y t i i tt pt , t t

r o r ve he n ed es shedd n of o wa ds t e n t e s o d . , p t l i g bl The extraordinary thing about the attack on the

B astille is the s tartling unanimity. of the people

h r an s o ec f a a I that it was t e fi st d fitte t bj t o tt ck. t seems the more e r ord nar because ‘ as M che e xt a i y , i l t N . “ ” has said It was b no ea s reas ona e f r t e , y m n bl ; o h lower order s had suffered but little from imprison men in h a t t e B stille .

No od r ose but all be eve and all b y p op d, li d

A ua h r ac ed . on the s ree s the s t e d s t l g t t , q y , b i ge , and the ou evar s e cro d hou ed t the cro b l d , th w s t o wd

‘ ’ To the Bastille ! The Bas tille ! And the tolling of the tocsin s ounded in every ear : a la B a stille

o I r he m The or No d e ea ave t u s . b y , p t, g i p l e a tors of the ;Palais Royal passed the t ime in drawing INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1 71

u s of roscr t ons in cond emn n the ueen p a li t p ip i , i g q to death as e as Madame de o nac r o , w ll P lig , A t is,

o d he h ess e es the r vos an rs . T e name f Fl ll , p t, ot s o the c on querors of the Bastille do not inc lude o ne ” of these makers of motions .

‘ erha s we ma cce in he s ence of a P p y a pt, t ab

’ e er Michelet s e ana n o f his ns nc ve b tt , xpl tio t i ti ti a on of the ob as v aus ed t e cti m , ha ing been c by h r ecent publicity given to the ex perience of on e

Latude who was rs con ned n e Bas e ur , fi t fi i th till d in the re n of Ma ame e om adour an had g ig d d P p , d “ ” S nce orn out al he r r ons an d had a i w l t i p is , fin lly r eached t he dun h s of B e re wa of Vin g ill ic t , by y c har n n e e s ennes and C e to . He was at last r l a ed through the pertinacious e ff orts of one Madame

Le ros a oor mercer who b ecame n eres e in g , p , i t t d him chance and ers evered for hre ears by , p t e y ,

mee n h Os ac es .oi ever or and e ose d ti g wit b t l . y S t xp to the v es ca u mn un s uc ces s came at as il t l y, til l t, and Latude was re ease in 1 784 f er more t han l d , a t

r ar o f n n n i a fo ty ye s co fi eme t. H s r ele se w as fol lowe d by an ordinan ce enj oining intendants n ever again to incarcerate anyb ody at the request of

am es witho ut a well- r ounde r a son an i f ili g d e , d n ever case to indi ca te the dur a tion o con nement y f fi ,

a dec ded naive confess on o the e e of i ly i f d gr e \

f b rarine h ch a it ss w i had been r eached . E 1 72 INTRODUCTORY NOT .

“ ’ rom ha da of Latude s e verance Sa s F t t y ( d li ) , y “ M che e the eo e of the o n and the au our i l t, p pl t w f b g , who in ha much-fre uen ed uar er were ever , t t q t q t ,

ass n and re ass n in its Sha o never a ed to p i g p i g d w, f il ” r cu se it . It is proper to observe that the state of things which existed in the Bastille when the Cellamare conspirators underwent mock imprisonment there (witness the Regency Romances) had b een done

h o away with. W ile ther prisons had become more merc u h s had ecome more crue rom re n if l, t i b l. F ig to re n the r v e es were aken a a the win ig p i il g t w y , do s ere a e u one a er ano her and new w w w ll d p ft t ,

ars r Th o h r encr achmen s De b we e added . e t e o t by “ ” Launay upon the liberties of the Bastille are

uma in h r of the n arra ve. described by D s t e cou se, ti “ To quote Michelet once more : The Bas tille or w as kno wn an d detested by the whole w ld.

’ ‘ ’ ‘ Bastille and tyranny were in every language

m Ever na on at the ne s non mous er s. sy y t y ti , w of its des ruc on e eve had recovered its t ti , b li d it

r libe ty .

The Com e de e ur hen am as sador at Russ a t S g , t b i ,

e ers relates that when the news arrived in St . P t

ur men of ever na on ere to be seen shou n b g, y ti w ti g and ee n in the s ree s and re ea n as he w pi g t t , p ti g , t y “ embraced one another : Who can help weeping for ” j oy ? The Bastille is taken !

NTRO O N 1 74 I DUCT RY OTE.

It is a err e but cer a n fac sa s M c e t ibl t i t, y i hel t,

ha in ar s ha c of h undred ho t t P i , t t ity e ig t h t usand

s ou s here w as n o u c a hor fo th l , t p bli ut ity r e space

Of hree mon hs from J ‘to Oc o er t t , uly t b . Meanwhile the National Assembly w as going

ha n on h its ork o f c on u on- n lti gly wit w stit ti maki g . The ses sion Of the 4th o f August shines out with

ecu ar rom nen e a it was t e o c ca on f al p li p i c , s h si o l the privileged classes vying with one an other i n r no nc n he r r i e o d e ec a e u i g t i p iv l ges . SuCh g o ff t s

h s ard renunc at on m h have h ad ho ever t i t y i i ig t , w ,

’ was d es ro ed he k n s re usa o s anc on t t y by t i g f l t ti i ,

e c in far s e a e on l aff c x ept so a h w s p rs a ly e ted .

Towards the en d { of Aug ust the knotty ques tion of the veto was duly reached : whether the king Should have any veto upon the a cts of t he Assem

l an f s o he er s hou e o u e ( or b y, d i , w th it ld b a bs l t s uspens1 ve . Thr oughout Lafayette assumed a position of great prominen ce in other directions than as c ommander

- h sus ens ve rin chief Of the National Guard. T e p i

ve o was na c e u on nd here w as , a t fi lly de id d p , a t

va ue ros of a retur of u er me e ce g p pect n q iet ti s, x pt

f or the c ontinued scarcity and dearness of g rain . ” Our r h s of m n are v o e sa s Carl e fen ig t a t d, y yl ;

dalism and all rann abo shed et eho d we , ty y li ; y b l

’ stand in queue !at the bakers doors!1! IS it aristo INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1 75

? orat forestallers — a c ourt s till bent on intrigue

e Something is rotte n s omewher .

h ho e error sus c on e c emen s ucceed Wit p , t , pi i , x it t,

ne ano her h ew er n ra d t c omes ing o t wit b ild i g pi i y, ” ha the (Eil-de-Boeuf is ra n the certainty t t llyi g, that the Flanders regiment has b een summ oned to

er a es an d ha some s cheme of h or r{ e res V s ill , t t flig t p

“ Then comes the ne s o f the sion is in the wind . w

of he l st of Oc o er — oi t he a earance banquet t t b , pp

f h kin f a d ueen the ram n under fo o of o t e g n q , t pli g t

c ockades and the ann ouncemen of Mar e Antoi , t i “ ne e the ne da ha she was enchan ed h tt xt y, t t t wit ” Of all fa uous erform the events of the supper . t p

ances o f mor a s fored oomed to des r o hemse ves t l t y t l ,

ure ha was the m os fa uous . It is s n can s ly t t t t ig ifi t,

the wa of the e reme c au on h h ch the by y, xt ti wit w i

s a emen s of Madame Cam an mu s be acce ed t t t p t pt , _

ha in des cr n h s s cene at h ch she was t t ibi g t i , w i “ ” resen she oes n ot men on the ord cockade p t, d ti w , nor does she m ha was au h but a u e i ply t t it g t q i t,

order unc on at h ch erha s s ome one or ly f ti , w i , p p ,

wo ma have m b d a h u h t y i bi e t o g t too freely . With regard to the e vents of the night of

~ Oc o er 5— 6 at ersa es n o h n ne d be s a d t b V ill , t i g e i , s ave that the body-guard who heroically defended

’ the d oor to the ueen s a ar men s here Ge or es q p t t , w g

de Charn is s a to have een s a n was one y id b l i , “ 1 76 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

Miomandre de Sainte-Marie ; and that although “ frac ured s ashe acera ed e for dead he has t , l d, l t , l ft , cra ed to the (Eil-de-Boeu and sha ve hon wl f, ll li f ” ored o loyal France . “ In the C omtesse de Charny we shall find the k n and ueen on the road to ar s on the 6th of i g q P i ,

Oc r ha her mee man old ac ua n tobe . We s ll t e t y q i t ances and make s ome new ones and sha fo o , ll ll w the setting sun of the time-honored monarchy of

n h or on Fra ce till it sinks at last below t e h iz .

1 78 T F . O H R TE LIS C A AC RS .

RO OR C AR BA N GE GE DE H NY, bro hers Of Com e de Charn t t y. O T I OR C R VIC M E SID DE HA NY, 2 R P INCE DE BEAUVAU, M . ROY DE VILLE , ’ en emen of the n s h u g tl Ki g o sehold. M. N DE ESLE , M . R DE VILLEQUIE , R DE CO E P INCE ND , R LAMBES P INCE DE Q, MARECHAL DE ’ CO T E T M E D S AING,

M. R RE E Offic rs omm DE D EUX B Z , e c anding the RO DE BESENVAL Troo BA N , ps . 2 DE NARBONNE FRITzr-AR 3 SALKENAYM DE , 2 RO DE BI N, 2 DE LUSIGNAN, 2 — ’ . PERSEVAL a de de cam Of Com e d Estain DE , i p t g . - M. C R O T TONNERE DE LE M N , M . S RT N DE A I E , i M R friends of Mar e An o ne te. A IE DE LAVAL, i t i t M M ADAME DE AGNEVILLE , M . CO DE IGNY, RO DE BR TE BA N E UIL, M R0 CREE CA LT . OU U DE LA ,

' of the French Cour CO T M UR . M E DE A EPAS, t CO T DE MA UT M E CHA ,

M. DE M VARI . COURT DE , ’ C Ro R D ABZAe Ch ef Of the a Stab e. HEVALIE , i y l l CO T RO UN CAGLIOST . DR HO ORE RT . N GILBE .

S T GILBERT f hlS son . EBAS IEN , E FORT R a schoo master ABB IE , l , L O TO one Of his u s af erwards Commander UIS ANGE PI U, p pil ; t

o . aramon of the Nati nal Guard of H t . TE LIS T OF CHARAC RS .

’ E TO Pitou s aun . ROSE ANG LIQUE PI U, t - OT a farmer o f ers Cotteret af erwards ead n the BILL , Vill , t l i g he as e attack on t B till .

C TH R his dau h er . A E INE , g t OT MADAME BILL . C O S AMILLE DESM ULIN , M R T JEAN PAUL A A , ST U M L R an usher Of ANISLA S AI LA D, R the ha e e Cour evo u oni s s . C t l t t, l ti t M C R a flower- r ADELEINE HAMB Y, gi l, RR ER a deformed dwarf VE I E , , TO DAN N, ’ E former an Officer in the ueen s LIE, ly Q re men ak n art in the gi t, t i g p

‘ H a chasseur a ack on the ULLIN, , tt GONCHON the M rabeau Of the eo e as e , i P pl , B till . R C OT and so diers A NE , HALL , DE LEPINE , l , R HO ORE M R E‘ GAB IEL N I AB AU, S E members of he n M. t Nat o a DE I YES, i l OT M D M . m . . sse b GUILL IN, A ly

M. MO R NNIE , f h M. rovos o t e Merchan s of ar DE P t t P is .

M. A his successor . DE B ILLY, S - m n er for M. T R T s ar s . DE AIN P IES , i i t P i

M. FO O DE UL N . M RT R S his s n-in-l . V o w a . BE HIE DE AU IGNY, ’ S T- Fou o n n s serva . AIN JEAN, l t

M. R d s n c . APPE, y i M . N res den of the E ec ors DELAVIG E , P i t l t . M R ER a E e or . n c IVI E , l t . M A O . CL UE r s den Of th St arce . e e . M s r Q , P i t l Di t ict ’ E LEEEVRE D ORMESSON ABB . AR E E B D LILLE . R M R A BE AU Y . R n h - - d E BERADIE r c a Of t e Co e e Of ou s le ran . ABB , P i ip l ll g L i G 1 80 T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S .

O TOR M R D C ESME .

M. LOSME Ma or of the as lle DE , j B ti . RE O a a er-manufac urer VEILL N, p p t . ’ M T R FAROLLET enn s-mas r-in- h ef to Du d OrléanS e c c . AS E , t i t i PA E P a o en SD LOU ce a . , p li g t C T G UDRAN of h a ona uard O t e N . AP AIN , ti l G S R T RIGOLD E GEAN .

M COR a ha er. . NU, tt D ROY or M ULAU a a . . , t il F T R a herm C O . A HE L VIS, it m h er M F RT a a e e . . U H , p p l t F R R a far mer T . A HE LEF ANC, m n M LONFRE Ma or of Hara o t. . , y ’ C T R a woodcu ter on s eu enan . LAUDE ELLIE , t , Pit li t t ’ E R AN E a oacher Ser ean Of o m n E M I U T n s Co a . D SI Q , p , g t Pit p y ’ T GODINET one Of on s so d ers BAS IEN , Pit l i .

R a acke of M. de F esse es . LAB IE , l y l ll - ’ m BARNAUT a stab e bo on o s far . , l y Bill t k as e O a urn e in the . GUY N, t y B till

JEAN BECHADE , R R RO BE NA D LA CHE, LAC UREGE JEAN A , prisoners in the Bastille rescued by the TO PUJ DE A A , N INE eo p ple. M. T DE WHI E, CO T SO M E DE LAGE, l82 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

Of Oc ober an d the or una e as e as coura eous t , f t t , w ll g an d a f fa e In h c u n er os on Of La e . t e t t l, i t p iti y tt “ ” Comtess e de Charny the narrative is resumed with the forced j ourney of the r oyal family from

ersa es to ar s on the h Of Oc o er and is V ill P i Sixt t b , con nued h s u s an a accurac as to all the ti , wit b t ti l y ma n even s and nnum era e m n or ones do n to i t i bl i , w the T en -first Of anuar h n Lou 1 793 e s XVI. w ty J y , , w i , the we -mean n but fa a Weak m onarch W om ll i g t lly , h ” Car e ca s the unha es Of Hum an o ec s ms lyl ll ppi t S l i , paid the penalty Of his own w eakness an d inde cision and the cr mes and o res si on Of his , i pp an or ces t s . Any attempt to sketch roughly these m omentous years within the , reas onable an d pr oper limits Of a note Of this sort would neces sarily resu lt in some thing very like an abs tract of the work to which it is n ro uc or i t d t y .

“ The most s triking thing ab out this trem endous u heava wh ch shook the ho e wor d he her p l i w l l , w t w e read of it as told by Dum as in the various

romances of the Mar e An o ne e c c e or in . the i t i tt y l , numerous s trictly historical works devoted to the

Su ec is the u er a u w h h ch the k n bj t, tt f t ity it w i i g and ueen or erha s the k n un der the in q , p p , i g

fl uen ce of the ueen a ersistentl m sus ed o q p y i , r refused to use at all he O or un es ha ere , t pp t iti t t w

' affor e in the first . ace to u e the Revo u on! d d, pl g id l ti , NTRO U T R NOTE 1 I D C O Y . 83

an d in the s econ d ace hen had ecome too , pl , w it b

a e for ha to esca e h the c onse uences Of l t t t, p by flig t q their own f olly .

It is a m os s n can fac and one hich t ig ifi t t, w explains much that would otherwise r emain in ex

ca e tha rev ous to the fli h to arenn es the pli bl , t p i g t V Fren ch people had in but very few in stances cease d to be mon ar ch s at hear an d c ou d ver ea s i t t, l y ily have been w on ck to the o a s u or Of Lou s ba l y l pp t i , had he ch osen to adopt an d c on sisten tly follow su ch a c ourse Of ac on as was r omi sed for ns ance ti p , i t , by his v s to the Ass em on the 4 th Of e ru ar i it bly F b y,

1 790 hen ha od w as an der n in the m a es , w t t b y w i g z of con stitution-m aking (whence its na me Consti

u en had h e ch osen ha is to sa to acce t in t t , t t y, p good faith the limi ted function s Of kingship which

ha ns rum en allo ed to him an d to be h mse f t t i t t tt , i l the ea er of a eac fu r evo u on l d p e l l ti .

T o ar ds the c ose Of 1 790 h e d s or an a on w l , w il i g iz ti a n d an arch ere m ak n ra d r o ress M r a eau y w i g pi p g , i b ,

“ - desperate Of c onstitu tions building u nder s u ch ac ” c om anim ents en er ed n o h os e ne o a on s h p , t i t t g ti ti wit the c ourt which are des cribe d with mu ch fu lness an d rac ca ac curac Dum as accom an ed p ti l y by , p i by a m arve ou s ru hfu or ra a Of him wh o was ll ly t t l p t y l ,

e on d u es on the ran des man in ever h n b ut b y q ti , g t , yt i g m ha ora s Of the h ole r evo u onar er od . W l , w l ti y p i t mi ght have been the result . had he been dealt with NTRO T TE 1 8 4 I DUC ORY NO .

hones and h s ncer is erha s use ess to tly wit i ity, it p p l

on c ur h her or n o hi am on c j e t e . W et t s biti to save the m onarchy was the Offspring Of his ambition to occupy the same p osition with respect to the queen that Mazarin is supp os ed to have occupied with re

to Ann Of Aus r a is Of ma c on s ec e s s e uen ce . p t t i , ll q It is certain that he w as tricked an d fooled an d

a ed h mere to a n me h e the ho e Of pl y wit , ly g i ti , w il p

’ foreign interference was growing in the queen s

reas an d is e ua cer a n ha h his de h b t ; it q lly t i t t wit at , on the 2d of A r 1 791 the as chance Of u n p il, , l t g idi g

n r o n the Revo u on a ed a a or c o t lli g l ti p s s w y .

An d s o was h Lam eth and s o too h it wit , , , wit

Barnave hose devo on seems to have ma de s ome , w ti

m ress on u on Mar e An o ne e but h ose on i p i p i t i tt , w ly rewar d for his sincere purpose to ser ve her was pre h mature deat .

hen Gamain Of whom we e eve no r er W , b li w it ,

‘ ha ever his r ed ec ons concern n the Revo u on w t p il ti i g l ti , has ever written except in terms Of disgust and

oa h n — hen Gam ain urned u on his ene l t i g, w t p b

ac or an d d s c osed the e s ence Of the secre f t , i l xi t t cu oar the c orres ondence Of o h Barnave and pb d, p b t

M ra eau came to h an d the ev dence of he r i b lig t, i t i

h m n oor arnav wa treas on was overw el i g . P B e s ” n i r s on a a u c at Greno He was the n p i s s spe t ble .

h r an o n in u c our brou to a s d u ed d e se . g t P i , g ill ti The greater statesman was beyond the reach

1 86 E INTRODUCTORY NOT .

ersona es to e a n the c on du c Of the n an d p g , xpl i t ki g qu een in c onnection with their attempt to j oin

Bouillé an hi n m The s d s army at Mo t edy . y till

e eved if the k n ma be s a d to have had an b li , i g y i y

e i ef ha the Revo u on m h s b e c on b l , t t l ti ig t till

ro ed from ou s de an d herefor e res o ved at as t t ll t i , t l l upon taking the step which had been urged many times by their sincere frien ds when secrecy would have een unnecess ar But at h s me — une b y . t i ti J , 1 791 they were sub s tantially p ris oners in the

Tu er es as he had earne hen he made the il i , t y l d w t y a em o o a n o in A tt pt t g to S i t Cl u d pril.

r n der h ose c on d on s h a s e s did the ake U t iti , w t t p y t to n sure secrec and t o S a a unreco n ed i y, lip w y g iz an d unn oticed ? Let us listen to Michelet on this subj ect This journey to Varennes was a miracle of m r I I uf n o mak a a em n i p udence . t s s ficie t t e st t e t

Of ha comm on-sense re u red an d hen to fo o w t q i , t ll w an o os e c ourse ado n h s me h od if all pp it ; by pti g t i t , memo rs ere to vanish the s or m h s be i w , t y ig t till

r n w itte .

rs of all the u een orders an ou to be Fi t , q tfit made for herself an d her children two or three m on hs eforehan as if to ve n o ce of her t b d, gi ti

ar r N h aks a ma n cen rav de u e . e s e es e p t xt, b p g ifi t t e n -case ke the one she had a read — a c om lli g , li l y , plicated piece Of furniture that c ontaine d all that T O U TO IN R D C RY NOTE. 1 87 c ould have b een des ired for a voyage aroun d the

Th n a a n ins ad Of a i o e . e e an or d n ar gl b , g i , t t k ng i y carr a e of m odes a ear ance she char es er s en i g t pp , g F to h ave a h u e ca ac ous er n c ons ru e d on g , p i b li t ct ,

“ h ch m h be e and ed a h ea of run s w i ig t fitt d pil p t k , b o es or man eaus and ha ever e se causes x , p t t , w t l

oa o be ar u a o ou on oa a C ch t p tic l rly c nspicu s the r d. This is n ot all; this coach w as to be followed by an other full Of fem ale atten dants ; whilst before an d

eh n hree od - uar ds re to a o as our rs b i d, t b y g we g ll p c ie in he r new r h - e o acke s ca cu a e t o t i b ig t y ll w j t , l l t d a rac a en on an d ma e eo e e eve at the tt t tt ti , k p pl b li , ver eas h a he ere re a n ers Of the r n ce y l t, t t t y w t i P i de Con dé the head an d ron of h e e ra o ! , f t t mig ti n D oubtless th ese men are famili ar with the r oute ?

NO he had never rave ed efore ! Bu t he , t y t ll it b t y m us be r es o u e fe o s armed to th e e h ? t l t ll w , t et They had nothing but small hunting-kn ives The king inf orm ed them that they would fin d arm s in

’ the c arr a e b ut ersen the ueen s man d ou i g ; F , q , bt less fearin g on her account the danger of armed

res s an ce had or o en the ea ons ! i t , f g tt w p “ All h s s r d cu u a f o Bu t i i i i lo s w nt of resight. t

n ow let u s an ce at the re ched i n o e s de Of gl w t , g bl i

r The k n a o m f re e the pictu e. i g ll ws hi sel to be d ss d

as a va e an d d s u ses h mse in a ra coa l t, i g i i lf g y t

H i ur he va let- e and a e . e s now D and t d littl wig ,

cha m e These hu li a n ar cu ars a e i the br . mi ti g p ti l r n 1 88 NT TE I RODUCTORY NO .

’ simple narrative of the Duches se d Angouleme (Madame Royale) ; the fac t is als o stated in the pas sp ort given to the queen an d Madame de

Tour e as a Russ an ad the Bar oness de Korff. z l, i l y, Thus this lady is s o in timate with her va let-de cha mbrf e an ndecor ous arran ement h ch a one ( i g , w i l revealed everything) that she places him in her ” carr a e ace to face and knee t o knee ! i g f , “ An d a a n : A ver res o u e s o d er rec om g i y l t l i ,

n ha n me ded M. de Bou e was t ve e ered the by ill , o t carr a e to ve ans ers hen re u red and to i g , gi w w q i , c onduc the ho affa r Bu a am de Tour e . t M e e t w l i d z l, the overn es s Of the r o a ch dren inSisted u o g y l il , p n the r v Of h r f v r ue Of h e oa h p i ilege e O fice . By i t t t

She had aken was her du her r i ht n ot to t , it ty , g ,

’ quit the children ; and the word oath made a

I or o r rea m ress on on Lou s XV . M e ve was g t i p i i , it a thing un heard Of in the annals Of etiquette f or the Children Of France to travel with out a gover

Therefore the overness ook her sea in the ness . g t t carr a e an d n ot the s o d er an d ns ead of a i g , l i ; i t Th use u m an he had a use ess oman . e ex e f l , t y l w p d on had n o ea er n o od to d rec was iti l d , b y i t it ; it m ” left to go alone an d at r ando . In the face of these and many other similar and

ndu a e ac s is n ot hard to e eve the anec i bit bl f t , it b li

’ dote Of the queen s childish exploit when she cn

ace du arrouse countered Lafayette in the Pl C l.

‘ 90 NTRODUCTORY NGTE. l I .

’ Madame Cam an the ueen s emme—de-chambr e p , q f , is au h or for m an de a s ven Dumas t ity y t il gi by , as for ns ance th secrec O served Mar e , i t , e y b by i

An o ne e in her n erv e s h Barnave and as t i tt i t i w wit , to the recau ons ado ed h r es ec to food p ti pt wit p t , having their s ource in the return to the Tuileries of the a a s -Ro a as r -c ook wh o was such a P l i y l p t y , f r a in u ious J c ob . Madame Campan als o tes tifies to the enorm ous

’ a e e of the k n an d to the ueen s m ortifica pp tit i g, q tion because it never abated ; nor did he put any

res ra n u on n o ma er h ow a nfu . or humili t i t p it, tt p i l a n ere hi c rcum n ti g w s i sta ces .

The Lea u e Of Pilnitz in Au us 1 791 ma e the g , g t, , d

’ n s even ua de os on n ev a e a h ou h ki g t l p iti i it bl , lt g it was os on e for a ear The man fes o ssued p tp d y . i t i by the par ties to the league aroused furious indig

a o i ran The am es h ch k nd ed n ti n h F ce . fl w i it i l

- were n ot extinguish ed till twenty five year s later .

In e em er the Con s uen Assem hav n S pt b , tit t bly, i g

’ rev ous u on Ro es erre s m o on dec ared its p i ly, p b pi ti , l m em ers n e e for the s ucceedi n As sem de b i ligibl g bly,

c lared its s ess ons to be ended an d en its wa . i , w t y

On Oc o er 1 the Le s a ve As sem the rst t b , gi l ti bly, fi and as od e ec e un er the Cons u on e an l t b y l t d d tit ti , b g

f f a ar its li e o ye . “ Its me w as as e in eba es u es and ti w t d d t , f tiliti , ” s a er n ar amen ar roce ure am re uen t gg i g p li t y p d , id f q t RO U TOR INT D C Y NUTE. 1 9 1

chan es of m n s r r o n an e c oncern n g i i t y, g wi g xi ty i g fore n nva on an d such n ern a e s odes as ha ig i si , i t l pi t t of Avignon , wher e the reprisals for th e death of

’ L Escu er u nder the ead Of our dan Cou e-To e y , l J p t , were immeasurably worse than is her e hinted at . The Tour de la Glaciere was the theatre of s cenes f h k at themere th ought o w ich th e heart sic ens . In th ose chapters of the Comtesse de Charny

h ch dea h the m n s r Of Dum ouriez an d w i l wit i i t y , the even s accom an n and succeedin we t p yi g g it, “ have s ome welc ome glimpses of that queen -like

ur her- oman eau fu Ama on an racefu to b g w , b ti l z i g l ” the e e more SO to the m nd - the dau h er of y ; i , g t

Phli on the ar s en raver and fe Of Ro an d de p , P i g , wi l la Platriere The cr eature Of sincerity an d n ature - — “ q s o She has been describe d in an age Of arti

ficialit o u on and can here in h er s y , p ll ti , t ; t , till

c om e eness in h er . s nv n c she if th ou pl t , till i i ibility, , ” kn e is he n o es of all v n n h m n t re c o e . w it, bl t li i g F w

In due me the G r ond s de u es to the num ti i i t p ti , ber Of some wen or m ore su ccum ed to the t ty , b

Moun a n an d as cende the fa a a form fr om t i , d t l pl t ,

h ch he m h hav av ou I had he e s ed L s XV . w i t y ig t i , t y had the c ourage to v ote in accor dan ce with their

kn o on ac wledged c onvicti s .

On the 8th Of Novem er 1 79 a mon h af er the b , 3, t t

dea h Of the ueen an i h n da or tw o Of the t q , d w t i a y

as a ear an ce u on ear h Of Madame Du B ar l t pp p t ry, 9 2 NTR T RY OTE 1 I ODUC O N .

“ who has been called the gateway Of the Revolu

on and the nfamous h e E a é Madame ti , i P ilipp g lit , Rolan d followed her ass ociates to the Place de la

R volu i e t on .

Her memoirs were written during the five months she was in r on p is . Events march ed fast during the early summer

Of 1 792 fo o n the dec ar a on Of w ar a a n s , ll wi g l ti g i t

Aus r a in A r The u s ourn a c or an . C s a t i p il l b , j li ti g iz

on s an d Sec ons ere ro n ever m ore v o ent ti , ti w g wi g i l and des er a e and on une 20th came the mmense p t , J i

r ocess on h ch even ua nvaded the Tu eries p i , w i t lly i il , — an occasion m ore remark able for wh at it fore

a ha n b oded than for what ac tu lly ppe ed .

’ Lafayette s un expected appearan ce in the As sembly a week later put the finishing touch to the extin ction Of his popularity and influen ce upon even ts .

The scene in the Assem on u 6th der bly J ly , i

’ ” Sivel ca ed the Ba ser am oure e w as fo o e y ll i l tt , ll w d

’ by Barbar oux s famou s desp atch to Rebec q ui f or ” n h ow to die five hundred men wh o k ow . The s olemn pr oclamation Of the Country in

Dan er on u 22d the ru ss an dec ar a on of g J ly , P i l ti war on the 24 th an d th e ce e ra ed but -adv sed , l b t , ill i , m anifesto Of the Duke Of Brunswick carried the excitement an d in dignation Of France to the b oiling

o n The arr va at ar s Of the b ac -bro e p i t . i l P i l k w d

1 94 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

b him h a h a n o h y t ey h d been eartlessly ba d ned . T ey “ knew n ot h ow t o act : one duty only is clear to

hem ha Of s a n d n heir os and he t , t t t i g by t p t ; t y will ” rform ha pe t t .

es erm ann eade “w h hem in German an d W t pl d it t , “ th e Mar seillais implore d them in hot Pr ovencal ” h an d an om m L h m an a and s eec e. et e s d s de p p t i t t i ,

h fa an a he r lives ere saved . T e s ood s d w h t i w y t t, t f followed is kn own O all m en . The c onsequ ences Of the Tenth Of August wer e not s o to fo o as the Assem in the re sence l w ll w, bly p Of the king voted that the Hereditary Representa tive (which w as the con stitutional title Of the

n u n I a so vo e ha a T ONA ki g) be s spe de d . t l t d t t NA I L

CONVENT ON be summ oned e ec on to r ov e I , by l ti , p id for he fu ure t t .

Me a h e and un tha Conven ion assem e nw il , til t t bl d,

o i h e In a h ou h the Le s a ur e c ont n ued t. s t t lt g gi l t i , surrectionar Commune se f-c ons u ed wa s re a y , l tit t , lly su rem e a t aris a n d Dan on he d the sea s Of the p P , t l l

m n Of c Depart e t Justi e .

The rem ova of the ro a fam to the Tem e l y l ily pl , and he r life here a re o d D um as in much t i t , t l by de a a n d h c om e e de to h s or wh ch t il wit pl t fi lity i t y, i neces sarily r elies f or many of i ts facts upon the narratives Of the va lets—de-cha mbra We need add n othing either t o what our auth or has to say with relation to the Mas sacres of Sep INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1 95

” m er at La orce an d the o her r son s e c e te b F t p i , x pt that the mas sacred amounted to one th ou san d an d e h -n ne all o d an d th a Ro es erre ne ar ig ty i , t l , t b pi ly wept at the th ought that one inn ocen t per s on was Slain ! It is s aid that the be ll Of Sain t-Germain

’ ' lAux err ois On which th e oc s n w as soun de d f or the , t i mass acr es to e n was the den ca me a on h ch b gi , i ti l t l w i the s na was ven for the a n Bar h o om e two ig l gi S i t t l w,

r f r hundred an d t wenty yea s be o e . Twenty-thr ee theatres were open while the s laughter w as in pr ogres s !

‘ B o h Sombreuil an d Caz otte ere s ar ed at the t w p ,

n er cess on of he r dau h ers but o h s ubs a i t i t i g t , b t ” n cam e to the u o ne dur n he r que tly g ill ti i g t Te ror .

’ Maillar d s appearance as presiding Officer Of the

r una a t La or ce w as his as in h or t ib l F l t ist y . i The m ost imp or tant incidents Of the fam ou s s t ting of theConvention at whi ch the de ath Of Louis w as decreed m a n hr ou h th e eakness Of , i ly t g w

Ver niau d and his fe o G r on d s s are descr ed g ll w i i t , ib

Dum as in acc or dance w h all the au h or es by it t iti , an d th e same m ay be s aid Of his des cription Of the

’ king s last h our s an d execution .

’ The auth or s frequen t eulogistic referen ces to

M ch e e who m as we have sa d he f o o s c ose i l t, , i , ll w l ly in m an or ons Of the n arr a ve make r o er y p ti ti , it p p to say th at th e i mpartiality of that writer is by n o m an n n e s beyo d question . I a n ote to one Of the l 96 NTRO TORY NOTE I DUC .

ear er r omances of h s ser es we have a ver e o li t i i , d t d t the char e he has rou h a a n s Louls g b g t g i t XV. a aren hou au hor and ha char e i pp tly wit t t ity, t t g s echoed by D umas in these volumes almos t every

me a Com e Lou s de Nar onne i m en on ti th t t i b s ti ed . It is natural that s o earnest a partisan Of the Revolution should be influenced by bitter feelings towards Englan d for the part she played under the

f n k Bu a leadership O Pitt a d Bur e . t it c n hardly be claimed that he is j ustified in characterizing Burke ” as a a en ed but ass ona e and vena Ir shman t l t , p i t l i ,

i r ar r who was a d h s adve s M . for a p i by y, Pitt furious philippic against the Revolution ; or in

’ speaking Of that statesman s work as an infamous

oo d h ra e fu Of ca umn scurr ous b k, wil wit g , ll l y, il a use a nd n su n or a a n in re b , i lti g , g i , “ f r m m an o Of r an e ring “to hi as a p ssessed b illi t eloqu ence but devoid Of ideas and Of frivo l ous “ charac er — a man who makes the e er ac or t , b tt t

ecause he ac s his ar in earnes an d ecause his b t p t t, b interior emptines s enables him the better to adopt and urge the ideas Of others ; or in making the “ s a emen ha En an d n ever had n or She t t t t t gl , will ” ever have an rea mora s or ur s consu . , y g t li t j i lt Olivier de Charny is a most perfect type of many n oble-hearted Frenchmen who s acrificed their lives without a murmur in behalf of what they be eve o be a ho cause conv nce hou h he li d t ly , i d t g t y

C Y LA OMTESSE DE CHARN .

LI H ST OF C ARACTERS.

- Peri o d , 1 78 9 1 79 4 .

O XVI . n of Franc L UIS , Ki g e. TO TT MARIE AN INE E . THE DAUPHIN, the ro a chlldren y l . M RO E ADAME YAL , ’ TH the n s s er M E . ADAME LIZABE , Ki g Si t CO T RO M E DE P VENCE , ’ brothers of the Kln . CO T RTO g M E D A IS, PR Su er n enden of the ro a househo d INCESSE DE LAMBALLE , p i t t y l l . fa h r-in-la M T E R her e w . . DE PEN HI V E, t M TO R overness of the ro a ch dren ADAME DE U ZEL, g y l il . MADAME MISERY; ’ - M . C M the ueen s wa n women ADAME A PAN, Q iti g . M N E ADAME EUVILL , R confiden a servan to Mar e An o ne e WEBE , ti l t i t i tt . ’ O TOR O Mar e An o ne e s h s c an. D C L UIS, i t i tt p y i i ’ M R R the au h n s chamberma d. ADAME B UNIE , D p i i M RE E Mas er of eremon es . C . DE B Z , t i ’ C the n s s ew rd LA HAPELLE , Ki g t a . MM H E R d dan s of h n . U an TH ERR a en t e , DA EY, I Y, tt t Ki g . R POIx P INCE DE , gentlemen Of the - M. S T R O DE AIN PA D N, ’ K n s househo d af er ’ i g l t RO R N A B , BA D U IE h 0 f u t e 1 th o A gust . MM OG L T and HAM L . G UE A C IL E DE DE , ’ C ER the n s va e at the Tem e L Y, Ki g l t pl . ’ M O s h r r r . E R the ueen a d esse . L NA D, Q i T F H R E 200 LIS O C A ACT RS .

ROYALISTS.

R CO E M R FAVRAS P INCE DE ND . A QUIS DE .

O RT. RO R T DUC DE LIANC U BA N DE B E EUIL . ROOHEEOUCA LT M DUC DE LA U . DUC DE AILLY . CO T M R M RE MO M E DE LA A CK . A CHAL DE UCHY .

CO T M R . R O M ESSE DE LA A CK MA ECHAL DE N AILLES . CO T O N R O TR C . M E L UIS DE A B NNE . DUC DE AS IES ’ IN I D L CO T F R . CO T D N S A M E E SEN M E . O ST R RR B R . C O A NESS DE AEL DUC HA LES DE L AINE .

L MBES E S R . PRINCE DE A Q . ABB ICA D M VIOMESNIL CHATR LECRO NE O RS M . E , DE LA E, S , G SSE , VILLI ,

and BEIDAUD .

M. RR Cheva er of the Order of Sa n ou s . DE DAMPIE E , li i t L i - RR TOR BESENVAL Ins ec or enera of SwiSS. PIE E VIC , p t G l

Su er n enden of the v s . M. ORT C LAP E , p i t t i il Li t ’ M. RO of the n s househo d DE VILLE Y , Ki g l . m P RE member Of he e s ve sse b . M. ASTO T a t a , L gi l ti A ly ’ . mm n r h n ns u ona uard M R Co a de Of t e s Co . DE B ISSAC, Ki g tit ti l G M L overn r of O l deS I nva des SOMBREUI o H te . . DE , G li M RE L h dau h er M O SO B UI is . ADEM ISELLE DE , g t

‘

M A LO E a Co mmander Of the Na ona uard . . C U Q , ti l G ’ ’ A R T O TOURCATY D AMBLAY MM. CARTEJ C O DE , LE M N , D AMB ISE , , , ’ M R E and M R D ARGENTEAU . A QUI , E CI

T E O RO BATz . PRINCESSE DE LA R M UILLE . BA N DE

A KAU R OT a ourna s . M M C . ADAME DE PA IS , j li t

M RO AYMON CAZOTTE . ADAME DE LA CHE . JACQUES TO M O CAZOTTE his MADAME GINES US . ADEM ISELLE ,

R T R T dau h er . P INCESSE DE A EN E . g t

M. M DE ALDEN, accompanying the royal family VAL RY M. O DE , in the flight from Paris . CO T O R C R M E LIVIE DE HA NY, ’ - - CO T C R the ueen s ma d Of honor . M ESSE DE HA NY, Q i ’ O T I OR CH R Com e de Charn s bro her. VIC M E SID E DE A NY, t y t

202 T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S .

RE VOLUTI ONISTS.

’ M R T ed or of L Ami du eu J e . EAN PAUL A A , it P pl M X RO RR an advoca e of Arras member A IMILIEN DE BESPIE E , t , Of the Na ona ssemb and of the Na ona Conven on ti l A ly ti l ti . TO M n s er of us ce and Member of the Na ona DAN N, i i t J ti ti l v n n Con e tio . ’ O O H DUC OR E af erwards ca ed L UIS PHILIPPE J SEP , D L ANS, t ll h e E a P ilipp g lité . ’ RO T I an en neer n Officer of Strasbur au hor UGE DE L SLE , gi i g g, t “ ” f La Marse a se o ill i . S T RR a brewer enera -in-Ch ef of a atta on Of the AN E E , , G l i B li r National Gua d . “ he M ra e u f the o e ON HON t b a o e . G C , i P pl FO R T V A rne - enera of the Revo u onar UQUIE IN ILLE, tto y G l l ti y na Tribu l . A TO S T J T N INE AIN US , BILLAUD R DE VA ENNES, HER T SE E AUL DE CHELL S, ’ CO T D HERB OIS LLE , R a bu cher members of the Na onal LEGEND E, t , ti onven on ondemn n ANACHARSIS CLOOTz , C ti c i g “ - THURIOT cidled the k n k er the n . , i g ill , Ki g COUTHON a cr e , ippl , ’ F R D EGLANTINE AB E , LEPELLETIER S T F RG DE AIN A EAU, HO RE O R BIS P G G I E ,

M L R Sher ff of the Court of the Chate et. AI LA D, i l

THEROIGNE MER O RT a cour esan . DU IC U , t ’ O C D AIGUILLON. TH MAS PAINE . DU M RO RT FO R R an Amer can . BE . U NIE , i

T R a russ an. WES E MANN, P i h r N HO a bu c e . IC LAS, t d dwarf RO R RR ER a deforme . P SPE VE I ES,

H R OT the mas er of the u o ne. EN I , t g ill ti T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S . 03

RE L TI ONISTS VO U .

S O a cobb er in char e of the au h n at the Tem e IM N, l , g D p i pl . I fa her and son M R . ESSIEU S SABEY, t ROCHEREUL a s at h u r M t e T e es . ADAME DE , py il i C OT one of the au hors of the Ca ech sm for Sans HAB , t t i ” Culottes .

RO a aw er member of the e s a ve Assemb . LAC IX, l y , L gi l ti ly S O TOR E Of h s e ss mb t e e a v e . BI H P N , L gi l ti A ly

RE C E R a oe . AND H NIE , p t

RTR RRER member Of the Na ona Conven on. BE AND BA E , ti l ti ’

CO T D OYAT a bas ard son Of ou s . UN , t L i XV - VIRCHAUx a Sw ss R a e se er . , i . B USNE, typ tt R k n O O a c er in the Nav e ar me . B NJ U , l y D p t t M CANDEILLE of the Comedic Fran a se ac ress oetess ADAME , c i , t , p , mus c an i i . N O n C GAMAIN mas er ocksm h to the . ICH LAS LAUDE , t l it Ki g M TT W JO o herw se known as ourdan A HE UVE, t i J AVlgl on the headsman . i . luti onlsts Revo . MM. LESCUYER PR T and MAINVIELLE , DU A , , C R OT a barber murderers of r ncesse de HA L , , P i R ON RO and amba le M . G IS , DI, AMIN, L l M H r s d n mm . N e e Of he un t Co e . UGUENI , P i t

M. TALLIEN Secre ar of the Commune , t y .

MM M and ur urs Of th mmune . C TT roc e e Co . ANUEL HAUME E , P LUZO SKI a e m mb r f he mmuna un U o e e O t Co Co c . , P l , l il

fr end of an on and PANIS, i D t bro her-in-law Of San erre of the Communa Counc l t t , l i

M JORD U L and n omm ee . M. E I and a ce C DUPLAIN, Vigil itt S R E T a Co er- a e en raver E G N , pp pl t g , MM DE T a R . FORGUES GUERMER ORT LENEAN nd , , DUF , , LECLE C, Of the ance Comm ee Vigil itt .

C O uardian Of th u reasures AMB N , G e P blic T . MO T a cr ed dwarf J us ce of the eace from the UCHE , ippl , ti P Mara s s r c i Di t i t . T OF R 204. H TER LIS C A AC S .

RE V L TI NI T O U O S S.

ffi r m n h Re u a mun c al O ce roc a t e b c . LUBIN, i ip p l i i g p li O R R E B UCHE EN , - O R S T S R mun c a Offic a s. B UCHE AIN AUVEU , i ip l i l

MM. O R and ROULx B I IE LE , r hi ec f M. R C c O ar s GI AUD, ity A t t P i

RE VOL UTI ONAR Y J 0 URNALISTS.

C O s l n h mse f rocureur- énéra de AMILLE DESM ULINS, ty i g i l P G l ” l an erne a L t .

R NE HE RT ed or Of Fa her uchene. JACQUES E BE , it t D

O ST FRERON ed or of Le Mon eur . L UIS ANISLAUS , it it

LOUSTALOT, editor Of Revo u ons de ar s C T PROUDHOMME S l ti P i I IZEN , M C RR ed or Of nna es a r o ues . A A , it A l P t i tiq ” f h Iron M u h O ed or O T e o . B NNEVILLE , it t “ ’ RT TALLIEN ed or Of L Ami des C o ens . JEAN LAMBE , it it y M O KERALIO wr er for the af er ADEM ISELLE DE , it t

wards Madame Robert .

IR NDISTS G O .

N P AT RE JEANNE MARIE ROLA D DE LA L IE .

M O N PHLIPON his w fe usua ca ed Madame Ro and. AN N JEA NE , i , lly ll l C R BARB AROUx of Mars e es HA LES , ill , M REBEC UI his fr end . Q , i , M R N a ordeau advoca e . G ANGE EUVE , B x t , RR BRISSOT JEANNE PIE E , RO ET O JE ME P I N, RABAUT S T-ET AIN IENNE, members of the Na R RE GI EY DUP , i nal on ntion t o C ye . E F T ABB AUCHE , M O T I R O R FO RE M . L UVE , SNA D, B YE NF DE , CO OR T VERGNIAUD GENSONNE ND CE , , , ANJUINAIS VALAzE GUADET, L , ,

LASOURCE BIROTTEAU U O , , D C S,

DUCHATEL,

206 T OF H R TER LIS C A AC S .

RO N ER r me M n s r 1 — e 89 90 . BA N DE ECK , P i i i t , 7 C R GR HEVALIE DE AVE , ’ Of the n s Counci i n 1 M M Ki g l 792. . GA ER DE R GE VILLE ,

R DUMOURIEz Secre ar of Fore n ffa rs in 1 GENE AL , t y ig A i 792. M . O TE M n s er of the Nav LAC S , i i t y,

M. C ER M n s er of F nance LAVI ES, i i t i , Of the Dumouri ez M DURANTH M n r . ON s e Of us ce , i i t J ti , Ministry M. S R Secre ar of War hev E VAN, t y (C ’ a er de rave s successor li G ) ,

M ‘ . CHAMBONNAS Secre ar of Fore n ffa rs succeed n Gen , t y ig A i , i g era Dumouriez l .

M. AJ AR Se re ar f h L D c o War is co ea ue . , t y , ll g M MO M n s er of the Nav under the Re . ub NGE, i i t y p lic . M r n h NO F e mbassador at enn . . c a DE AILLES, A Vi

M. SE R mbassador at r n e . DE GU , A B li M RE RO A CHAL DE CHAMBEAU, R R R R R Officers of GENE ALS LUCKNE , KELLE MAN, BEAU EPAI E CUSTINE BEURNONVILLE and C OT the French , , HAZ , UTENANT-CO O BERTOIS arm es on LIE L NEL , i T O O the fron HE BALD DILL N,

d WAT EV . MM. RO an T ILLE ers DE BI N DE , ti M k r of the Tem e ower T e e T . A HAY, e p pl T R an at ndan of the r n esses at the Tem e e c . U GY, t t P i pl T O IS N, mun a s a h T m c es t t e e e . M T O i ip l pi pl ADAME IS N, C T GOBEAU O I IZENS , DANJ U, JACQUES m n a Ofli ial ' u icip l c s on ROUx TURLOT and M R , , EUNIE , duty at the Temple. J a eacher of En sh AMES, t gli ,

RO R a an or at the Tem e. CHE , j it pl T nd DESEZE advoca es defend MM. M R TRO a ALESHE BES, NCHE , , t

ing the King. M n s er of us e M. R T c GA A , i i t J ti , n r f For n members Of the E ecu ve M. R M s e O e LEB UN, i i t ig x ti ffa rs Counc no f in the n A i , il ti y g Ki g

G O E r he hi n ence . M. R V LLE Secre a Of t of s se , t y t

Council, 0 LIST OF CHARACTERS . 7

’ E WORTH FIRMONT the in s confessor at his AB BE DGE DE , K g e ec u on x ti . C T N RICAVE rec or Of Sa n Made e ne I IZE , t i t l i , making the Ofi cial R R and DAMOREAU v cars CITIZENS ENA D , i report of the in ade e ne ar sh of Saint M l i P i , terment of the T and O S Adminis CI IZENS LEBLANC DUB I , n Ki g . trators Of the e ar men of ar s D p t t P i , CO T C O TRO assum n the name Of aron Zannone a M E AGLI S , i g B , n s ank r Ge oe e b e .

O TOR HO ORE RT h sic an to the n . D C N GILBE , p y i Ki g

S T RT his son . EBAS IEN GILBE ,

"

A T T TO T R an adventurer . JE N BAP IS E USSAIN DE BEAUSI E,

N O E O a woman resemblin the ueen . IC L LIVA LEGAY, g Q

TO T s on Of eaus re and N co e . USSAIN , B i i l

R O or BoRDEAUx OP or T . A CHBISH P , BISH AU UN ’ E L THE CURATES or SAINT PAUL S and AGENT UI . - - M ROME P and GOUVIN a d s de cam to afa et e. M . U e DE , i p L y t O I R a ommand r f h a ion u d R c e o t e N a ar . MAINVILL E S, t l G - - M TT W an a de de cam in the Na onal uard. A HE DUMAS, i p ti G R R- A FA ME GENERAL UGEAUD . M R a member of the C Counci A CEAU, ity l . ROC R R-S C ROEDERER P U EU YNDI .

CH R E O S O commonl ca ed Mons eur de Paris z A L S L UIS ANS N, y ll i . C T PALLOY mun c a archi ec I IZEN , i ip l t t . M M ’ I TT o a re s ado ed dau h er. ADA E V LLE E , V lt i pt g t M O C R OTT RO ERR s er Of Robes ADEM ISELLE HA L E DE BESPI E , Si t erre pi . ’ ’ M D ARAZ ON Mirabeau s n ece. ADAME , i ’ M D S T Mi rabeau s s er A AME DU AILLAN , Si t . R w fe f T E o Mara . ALBE IN , i t M TO ADAME DAN N .

LARIDON wife of Cam e esmou ns . LUCILE DUPLESSIS , ill D li MM d . O T an FR n ICHOT fr e ds Of M rabeau . DUM N , i i ’ CER TT ronounc n th fun ra e eu o at Mirabeau s e . U I, p i g l gy l

DOCTOR CABANIS . F E 208 LIST O CHARACT RS .

M LESCUYER a no ar at v non. . , t y A ig O T MAJOR PREF N AINE . T T RO T son Of the os -su er n endent at St JEAN BAP IS E D UE , p t p i t .

Menehould.

G M , ILLAU E ’ ’ ass s n roue to arres the n s fl h i ti g t t i g ig t . MAUGIN l D K ,

M S own so or of arenn s c e . . AUSSE , t li it V

MADAME SAUSSE . HANN NT commander of the Na ona uard of arennes O . , ti l G V f rasbur TR Ma or O S . DIE ICH, y t g d or Of Th ons ourna C X e e . M. HAMPAGNEU , it Ly J l O ISSARTS and T fr ends Of MM. A A B SC , BANCAL DES , L N HEN S, i ons eur and Madame o nd M i R la . M S URDAT a aw er of Tro es ffer n to defen th n O O d e . . , l y y , i g Ki g OG a a n m n o ne ro E S o . , i t D i g g

M O a s n er. ADAME DUGAZ N , i g S T-PRIx an ac or AIN , t . O E O a drama c wr er LYMP DE G UGES, ti it . C RO R au hor Of F aro A N DE BEAUMA CHAIS, t ig . ’ F R E a recru n Officer LEU D PINE , iti g .

“ F a m r ens one T R RE a r . A HE MY, ilit y p i ’ ' FE irabeau s seci etar . LLINE , M y ’ TR and Mirabeau s servants . ISCH JEAN, ’ li tr s FR T Coun Ca os o servan . I Z , t g t M T a w ne d a er e . ALLE , i l a o ner DUPLAY, j i . M his w fe ADAME DUPLAY, i .

MADEMOISELLE DUPLAY . T T servan of Com e de Charn BAP IS E , t t y. R an amorer LECLE C, .

M T R O a car en er. AS E GUID N, p t R ervan f M de OI H s o . C B ISAC , t H SEUL. H R and FR O a r b ke s . UCHE ANC IS , a wi -maker BUSEBY, g .

LAJARIETTE, a barber .

T HE

- CHEVALIER DE MAISON ROUGE.

IN D RY TE TRO UCTO NO .

“ heva er de Ma son-Rou e hou h The C li i g , t g it deals with events s ubsequent to those covered by the ear er s or es Of the Mar e An o ne e c c e li t i i t i tt y l ,

In we are n ro was written at an earlier date . it i t d uced to a new set Of ers ona es and s ee no more p g , of the characters whose fortunes furnis h the ficti tions as distinguished from the his torical interest Of the ear er s or es li t i . The months which elapsed between the execution of the King and the appearanc e in the Place de la

Revolution Of the ill-fated Marie Antoinette were

h ck s re n h ra ed ar cu ar af er the t i ly t w wit t g y , p ti l ly t final conflict between the Gironde and the Moun

a n and the dec s ve v c or Of the a er res u n t i , i i i t y l tt , lti g in the undisputed supremacy Of the band Of men in whom we now see the personification Of the Reign

T rr Of e or .

Those portions Of the narrative which describe the fe Of the ueen at the Tem e an d subse li q pl , 21 2 TRO T RY IN DUC O NOTE.

uen in the Conc er er e are ounde s r c q tly i g i , f d t i tly

f h rea m n a cor o h upon fact . O t e t t e t c ded t t e little

D au h n mon who is ven much rom nence p i by Si , gi p i in the s or need on be s a d ha fa s fai t y , it ly i t t it ll Sh ort Of the truth as it is to be foun d in number

en Th r i les s memoirs and docum ts . e e s n othing in all history more touching and heartren ding than the fa e Of h s nn ocen ch d who was tera done to t t i i t il , li lly death by Sheer br utality in less than two years ; n or is there any one Of the exce s ses committed by the extr eme revolutionists which has done more to c au se posterity to fail to realize the vas t benefits

h ch mank nd o es to the Revo u on in the fac e w i i w l ti , Of the unnamable horrors which were perpetrated

in its n ame.

The n oble answer of Marie Antoinette to the u nnaturtil charges brought against her by Hebert

n ot S mon wa c ua m a e a her . r a ( i ) s a t lly d t t i l . Ther e is no direct historical authority for the various attempts herein detailed t o efl ect the escape of the ueen a hou h rumors of such ere circu Q , lt g w

a n unceas n The u ar her o of the ook l ti g i gly . tit l b is n ot an h s or ca ersona e nor are Maur ce i t i l p g , i

Lindey an d Lorin ; but the latter are faithful rep: res entatives Of a by no mean s s mall class of sincere and devoted republicans who turned aside

NTRO TOR TE 21 4 I DUC Y NO . turel a e but ear n a ou her s h y g d, b i g b t till t e noble d n of her anc en race and rov n ane ig ity i t , p i g w , as

had rove an h Char es I. d as er own hus an l p d, b d had rove ha the near a roach of de h p d, t t pp at brings forth the nobles t qualities in tho se of royal lineage. We cannot better end this brief note than by quoting the characteristic but powerful apostrophe of Carlyle in his essay upon the Diamond

” Necklace.

“ B a u H h orn hou wer s o ou hur e e utif l ig b , t t f lly l d low ! For if thy being came to thee dut of old

Ha sbur nas es cam not a so ke m own p g dy ti , e it l (li y ) out of Heaven ? Sun la chr moe r er um et mentem ; y , -

“ ’ / h re a man s hear ha mor ta l5a ta n unt. Oh is e g , t t t t thinks without pity of those long months and years

- a n nom n : of th r h s of -cra e of slow W sti g ig i y y bi t , t dl d in m er a Schiinbrunn the nds of Heaven not i p i l , wi to v s th face too rou h th foo to h on i it y g ly, y t lig t s o nes s th e e on s en or : and hen of th ft , y y pl d t y

. ea h or hundred ea hs to h ch the u o ne d t , d t , w i g ill ti

’ and Fouquier-Tinville s j udgment bar was but the merc u end ? Look ther e 0 man orn of oman ! if l , b w

Th oom of ha fa r face is as ed the ha r e bl t t i w t , i is gray with care : the brightness of those eyes is

uenche he r l s han roo n the ace is q d, t i id g d pi g, f D Y TE INTRO UCTOR NO . 215

f one v n in a h s on a e as o e . Mean eeds t y p l , li i g d t w ,

h ch her own hand has mended a re the ue n w i , tti Q e

h dea h-hurd e h r of the Wor d . T e e e hou s l t l , w t ittest

a e mo on ess h ch on curses env ron has to p l , ti l , w i ly i , s o a eo e drunk h ven eance dr nk t p ; p pl , wit g , will i it a a n in fu drau h o k o n at hee here . Far g i ll g t, l i g t t as the e e reaches a mu u o u a of man ac y , ltit din s se i heads : the air deaf with their triumph yell ! The living-dead must shu dder with yet one other pang her startled blood yet again suffuses with the hue of agony that pale face whi ch she hides with her han h r n h ar o sa God ds . T e e is he n o e t , t , t y , pity thee ? 0 think n ot of these : think o f HIM whom thou w orshi est the Crucified — who a s o read n pp , , l t i g the ne- ress a lone ron ed s orr o s ee er : wi p , f t w till d p

n r um hed over an d made ho : and u a d t i p it , it ly b ilt of it a Sanc tuary of S orr ow for thee and all the wre tched ! Thy path of thorns is nigh ended .

On n as look at the Tu er es here th s e e lo g l t il i , w y t p w as once so i h — here th c h dren sha not l g t, w y il ll d The head is on the ock : the ax e rushes well. bl

Dumb li es the World : that wild-yelling World and a ll its madness is behind thee .

21 8 LIST OF CHARACTERS .

M VERGNIAUD FERAUD BRISSOT O T M . , , , L UVE , Girondins ET O VALAZE LANJ UINAIs BARBAROUX P I N, , , , i

MM. RO SERVIEN C V ER of the French M n s r LAND, , LA I ES, i i t y, R and MO g u u 3 s 1 9 . LE B UN, NGE , A g t, 7 R DUMOURIEZ MIACRINSKI officers commandin the GENE ALS , , g STR D N French arm es on the INGE , EUILLY, VALENCE, i n M R RR a d fron ers . DAMPIE E, I ANDA, ti - H R OT Commandan enera Of the Na ona uard. EN I , t G l ti l G of the Na ona uard C T V . I IZEN DE AUX, ti l G C T TONLAN LEPITRE R O of the Mun c a I IZENS , , AG IC LA, i ip l

and ERCEVAULT d. M , Guar - R O T d u an Ma or. G AMM N , A j t t j T O em o ed at the Tem e r son IS N, pl y pl P i . M T O his w f e . ADAME IS N, i ARTHEMISE err-dancer a h r t t e O e a. , p E R R ABB GI A D .

T his servan . DAME JACIN HE, t

T R an Old wa er of ou s XVI. a end n the ro a fam U GY, it L i , tt i g y l ily at the Tem e pl . ’ - - h m f ix mer MU ET emme ae c e ere o D . GU , f an h m M hos ess of a e ouse near the Te e . ADAME PLUMEAU, t l pl

AGESILAUS servan to Maur ce Linde . , t i y ’ \ ARISTIDE, coucierge at Maurice s house. ke at the Con er er e R a urn c . G ACCHUS, t y i g i

‘ R R a er at the Conc er r e e . ICHA D, j il i g i R his w fe M R . ADAME ICHA D, i

DUCHESSE, r r Gendarmes at the Concie ge ie . RT GILBE ,

SA O the e ecu oner. NS N, x ti O THE COUN T OF MONTE CRIST .

LIST OF CHARACTERS.

— Pe ri o d , 1 81 5 1 83 8 .

TE a Marse es sa lor ma e of the haraon EDMOND DAN S , ill i , t P , oun of Mon e Cr s o ass um n the names of afterwards C t t i t , i g

o rd more bbé usoni and S nbad the Sa or. L Wil , A B , i il

O TE his fa her . L UIS DAN S, t Edm n MER E E a ca a an be ro hed to o d an es . C D S, t l , t t D t O h r cous n af erwar om d Morcerf F R MO e ds C e e . E NAND NDEG , i , t t MORCER his son O T RT F . VIC M E ALBE DE , “ A R su ercar o Of the haraon afterwards aron D NGLA S, p g P , B

an ars a ar s banker. D gl , P i R R his w fe BA ONNE DANGLA S i .

M O E R he r dau h er. ADEM ISELLE UGENIE DANGLA S, t i g t ’ ARMILLY her mus c- ea h r an fr nd O D c e d e . L UISE , i t i “ ” M MOR owner Of the haraon . . ELL, P

MADAME MORELL. M MOR AXIMILIAN ELL, h h t eir c ildren. MOR JULIE ELL, E H RB T c erks in the house Of More ! MMANUEL E AU , l l s CO E i Sons Marse e . CL S, , ill R C RO a Marse lles a or af erwards and ord of GASPA D ADE USSE , i t il , t l l

the Pont du Gard Inn .

M his w fe o herw se known as La Carconte . ADELEINE , i , t i THE E ROR N O MPE AP LE ON .

LOUIS XVIII. 22 ER 0 LIST OF CHARACT S .

R DRE M n s er of o ce ON , , BA DAN i i t P li a sts R0 y li . BLACAS 2 DUC DE , NOIRTIER ORT an adh r n of a eon M. e e N o DE VILLEF , t p l .

ER R VILLE ORT his son ro r a roi . M. E cureu d G A D DE , , p R S T-MER MA QUIS DE AIN AN . S T MER MARQUISE DE AIN AN . M O R E S NT-MER he r dau hter be ADEM ISELLE EN E DE AI AN, t i g ,

ro hed to M. Gérard de efor t t Vill t . A V E X fr end of M d n - r CO T S L I U . e Sa Mé an. M E DE , i i t N GENERAL FLAVIE DE QUESNEL . ’ Z E his son RO FR . BA N AN D PINAY, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL LOUIS JACQUES members of the BEAUREPAIRE onapartist Club R A R- R ET DUCHAMPY B B IG DIE GENE AL IENNE , n h Ru i t e e St. C LECHARPAL kee er of s reams and LAUDE , p t

Jac ues . fores s q t , MARECHEL RTR BE AND . M E n f . D O s ec or o r sons B VILLE , i p t p i . ’ HE T G OVERNOR OF THE CHATEAU D IE. ’ E F R a r soner in the Cha eau d If. ABB A IA, p i t ’

A J OR at the . Chateau d If. AIL , TH M E AYOR or MARSEILLES . “ C T BhLDI of La eune meie a enoese smu er AP AIN , J A l , G ggl . f O O one O his crew . JAC P , M AiTRE PASTRINI ro r etor of the HOtel de ondres Rome. , p p i L , T Roman r O a sa o . GAE AN , il CUCUMETTO a br and ch ef , ig i . C R , i ‘ ’ A LINI ! f o Cucumetto s troop . O O l DIAV LACCI , R T be ro hed to Car n I A , t t li i. a she herd bo aft rwards a Ca ta n of Roman LUIGI VAMPA, p y, e p i br nd iga s . T R his be ro hed E ESA, t t . P h O a e herd . EPPIN , S p A R RON DOLA a condemned murderer. ND EA ,