Iberian Scripts/Graffiti in Iruña-Veleia
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Veleia 27.Indd
EL SISTEMA DUAL DE L’ESCRIPTURA IBÈRICA SUD-ORIENTAL Resum: Aquest article planteja l’existència d’un sistema dual en el signari ibèric sud-ori- ental similar al ja conegut en el signari ibèric nord-oriental, però més extens, atès que a més d’afectar als signes sil·làbics oclusius dentals i velars, també afecta almenys una de les sibilants, una de les vibrants i a la nasal. Pel que fa a l’origen de les escriptures paleohispàniques, aquesta troballa qüestiona la hipòtesi tradicional que defensa la derivació directa entre els dos signaris ibèrics i permet plantejar que el dualisme estigués almenys ja present en el primer antecessor comú d’aquests dos signaris. Paraules clau: Llengua ibèrica, escriptura ibèrica, sistema dual, escriptures paleohispà- niques. Abstract: This article discusses the existence of a dual system in the southeastern Iberian script similar to that already known in the northeastern Iberian script, but more extensive, as well as affecting the occlusive dentals and velars syllabic signs, it also affects at least one of the sibilants, one of the trills and the nasal signs. As regards the origin of the Paleohispanic scripts, this finding challenges the traditional assumption that advocates direct derivation between the two Iberian scripts and allows us to suggest that dualism was already present in at least the first common ancestor of these two scripts. Key words: Iberian language, Iberian script, Iberian inscription, Paleohispanic scripts. Resumen: Este artículo plantea la existencia de un sistema dual en el signario ibérico su- roriental similar al ya conocido en el signario ibérico nororiental, pero más extenso, pues- to que además de afectar a los signos silábicos oclusivos dentales y velares, también afecta al menos a una de las sibilantes, una de les vibrantes y a la nasal. -
AELAW Booklet / 3 Iberian Language / Writing / Epigraphy Noemí Moncunill Martí Javier Velaza Frías
This output received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 715626. AELAW Booklet / 3 Iberian Language / Writing / Epigraphy Noemí Moncunill Martí Javier Velaza Frías INTRODUCTION* The Iberian language is principally documented by more than 2000 inscriptions dated between the fifth century BCE and first century CE, drawn from a region of the Mediterranean belt that stretches from the Hérault river in French Languedoc to Almeria. It is currently an undeciphered language. We are able to read its texts fairly reliably and even analyse the briefest and most formulaic of them with some competence, but nonetheless are unable to understand its meaning. From a typological perspective, it is almost certainly an agglutinative language which may present ergative features. Its hypothetical relationships with other languages, ancient or modern, are, however, still unproven: although a relationship with Aquitanian or ancient Basque is not impossible, it is unclear whether this would be genetic or through contact. The study of the Iberian language, like that of the other Palaeohispanic languages, goes back to the works of the numismatists, from Antonio Agustín and Velázquez to Delgado and Zóbel de Zangróniz. They are responsible for identifying the script and deciphering the first signs. When Emil Hübner published the first corpus of pre-Roman Hispanian inscriptions at the end of the nineteenth century, however, the system of transcription was still very deficient and did not even serve to reveal that these inscriptions were in fact evidence of various languages that are very different to one another. -
Iberian Inscriptions in Sahara Desert Rocks (Ti-M Missaou, Ahaggar Mts
440 International Journal of Modern Anthropology Int. J. Mod. Anthrop. 2021. Vol. 2, Issue 15, pp: 440 - 467 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i15.3 Available online at: www.ata.org.tn & https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma Research Report Iberian inscriptions in Sahara Desert rocks (Ti-m Missaou, Ahaggar Mts. area, Algeria): first evidence of incise Iberian rock scripts in continental North Africa Antonio Arnaiz-Villena*, Valentín Ruiz-del-Valle, Adrián López-Nares, Fabio Suárez-Trujillo Department of Immunology, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain. * Corresponding author: Antonio Arnaiz-Villena. Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avd. Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Web page: http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/biolmol/ (Received 20 March 2021; Accepted 29 April 2021; Published 20 May 2021) Abstract - In the present paper, we show Iberian or Iberian-Guanche scripts found in the Middle of Sahara Desert, Ti-m Missaou (Tim Missao, Tim Missaw), 270 km South- West of Tamanrasset on Ahaggar or Hoggar Mountains (Mts.) area (Algeria). More Iberian scripts may be earthed beneath Sahara Desert sands or have been neglected by observers. We also put forward that Iberian semi-syllabary may have its origin in the Neolithic Saharo-Canarian Circle, the same as other Mediterranean, Atlantic and European lineal scripts (apart from Berber/Tuareg) like Etruscan, Runes, Old Italian languages, Minoan Lineal A, Sitovo and Gradeshnitsa (Bulgaria) writings (6,000 years BC) and others. In fact, Strabo wrote that Iberians had written language before since 6,000 BC. -
AELAW Booklet / 3 Iberian Language / Writing / Epigraphy Noemí Moncunill Martí Javier Velaza Frías
Published by Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza: https://puz.unizar.es/1887-iberian-language-writing-epigraphy.html • Año de edición: 2017 • Nº páginas: 44 • Editorial: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza • Colección: Aelaw Booklet • Idioma: Inglés • Dimensiones: 14 x 21 • Encuadernación: Grapado • ISBN: 978-84-16935-65-9 AELAW Booklet / 3 Iberian Language / Writing / Epigraphy Noemí Moncunill Martí Javier Velaza Frías INTRODUCTION* The Iberian language is principally documented by more than 2000 inscriptions dated between the fifth century BCE and first century CE, drawn from a region of the Mediterranean belt that stretches from the Hérault river in French Languedoc to Almeria. It is currently an undeciphered language. We are able to read its texts fairly reliaBly and even analyse the Briefest and most formulaic of them with some competence, But nonetheless are unable to understand its meaning. From a typological perspective, it is almost certainly an agglutinative language which may present ergative features. Its hypothetical relationships with other languages, ancient or modern, are, however, still unproven: although a relationship with Aquitanian or ancient Basque is not impossiBle, it is unclear whether this would be genetic or through contact. * This output received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 715626); and under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions programme (grant agreement MSCA-IF-2014, no 655938). **Unless otherwise indicated, all dates are BCE. The inscriptions are cited according to J. Untermann’s Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, e.g. C.18.5 for inscriptions and A.78 for coin legends, or, if missing from that work, according to Hesperia. -
Pre-Columbian Resources Potentials : a Comparison of Old World And
BLM LIBRARY 88001010 PRE-COLUMBIAN RESOURCES POTENTIALS: A COMPARISON OF OLD WORLD AND NEW WORLD PETROGLYPHS By: Margaretta S. Handke for the Bureau of Land Management under the WICHE Intern Program September, 1978 GN 799 .P4 H23 *7*0 3 . ^ODiO\0 2bI Pre-Columbian Resources Potentials: A Comparison of Old World and New World Petroglyphs Written and Illustrated by Margaretta S. Handke eure8u M. " nagemen, ft*Library Denver Service Center BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT LIBRARY Denver, Colorado 88061010 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities for Pre-Columbian contact in the western United States by studying the petroglyphs for possible Old World scripts. It is intended to be a survey of the literature on Pre-Columbian contact and to give examples of the types of petroglyphs and scripts that BLM surveyors in the field may encounter. While the paper remains neutral on the question of pre- Columbian contact from the Old World, the findings do suggest that the abstract symbols often found in Indian petroglyphs do occur in patterns that suggest the definite possibility that they have meaning and may someday with further study be decipherable. The paper is divided into five units. The first gives a brief history of the diffusion controversy. The second covers the problems of rock art as a source and the difficulties of rock art research. The third describes the correspondences that can be found between American petroglyphs and Old World petroglyphs and scripts. The fourth gives a brief history of the European written sources which support contact. The final section makes recommenda- tions for further research and for the protection of the petroglyphs The appendix contains examples of the rock art discussed in the third section. -
The Origin and Transmission of the Alphabet
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 1994 The Origin and Transmission of the Alphabet Joaquim Azevedo Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Recommended Citation Azevedo, Joaquim, "The Origin and Transmission of the Alphabet" (1994). Master's Theses. 28. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/28 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly firom the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be firom any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photogrsq>hs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
Palaeohispanic Writing Systems: Classification, Origin, and Development
[Pp. 78-108 in Alejandro G. Sinner and Javier Velaza, eds., Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Please, note that text and location of the figures might differ slightly from the published version.] CHAPTER 4 PALAEOHISPANIC WRITING SYSTEMS: CLASSIFICATION, ORIGIN, AND DEVELOPMENT J. FERRER I JANÉ AND N. MONCUNILL 1. Introduction Palaeohispanic languages were essentially written by means of different epichoric writing systems, which, in view of some of their common characteristic features, are believed to have belonged to the same family. Nevertheless, as will be summarized in the following sections, the stemma to represent their interrelationship is still under debate, as is the phonetic value of some of the characters. On the other hand, in certain more residual cases, the Latin and even the Greek alphabet were also directly adopted: Latin is actually the only writing system used in the few extant Lusitanian inscriptions; it is also found in a limited number of Celtiberian texts and in a few Iberian inscriptions. Even rarer is the use of Greek, restricted to only three Iberian graffiti. However, a local variant of the Greek alphabet, labelled as Graeco- Iberian, was more widely used to write the Iberian language. There are also some mint names in the province of Cádiz on coins dating to the 2nd and 1st century BCE that in the former communis opinio used to be considered to have been written in a local script, the Libyo-Phoenician alphabet, although more recent studies consider this just a local variant of the Punic alphabet. The first set, that is the local or Palaeohispanic systems, consists of at least four different scripts, which, on the basis of their internal features, can in turn be divided into two large groups: the northern and the southern scripts. -
Interdisciplinarity in Archaeology and Historical Linguistics: the Case of Alpha Interdisciplinaridade Em Arqueologia E Linguística Histórica: O Caso Do Alpha
INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS: THE CASE OF ALPHA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE EM ARQUEOLOGIA E LINGUÍSTICA HISTÓRICA: O CASO DO ALPHA Maria Mertzani Vol. XII | n°24 | 2015 | ISSN 2316 8412 Interdisciplinarity in Archaeology and Historical Linguistics: the case of ALPHA Maria Mertzani1 Abstract: Through a comparative analysis of archaic Greek alphabets with the Minoan hieroglyphs, the Linear A and B signs, the Cypro-Minoan and Classical Cypriot syllabaries, as well as other ancient scripts in Mediterranean and Mesopotamia areas (e.g., Egyptian hieroglyphs), the paper examines (a) the graphical shaping of the letter alpha, and (b) its suggested phonetic value throughout the years. In doing so, an interdisciplinary approach is applied, combining research from the areas of historical linguistics, epigraphy archaeology, and phonosemantics-linguistics. This is an ongoing research and its existing data so far combat the wide spread belief that the archaic Greek alphabet is originated by the Phoenician alphabet, demonstrating evidence of language similarities (in terms of (a), and (b)), even in early Neolithic Greece and the Balkans. The paper proposes the adoption of an interdisciplinary methodology in examining and revisiting research in epigraphy and historical linguistics. Keywords: Greek Alphabet, History of Alphabet, Letter Alpha, Phonosemantics of Alpha, Interdisciplinary Methodology. Resumo: Através de uma análise comparativa dos alfabetos gregos arcaicos com os hieróglifos minoicos, os sinais da escritas Linear A e B, Cypro-minóica e cipriotas clássicos, bem como outras antigas escritas no Mediterrâneo e na Mesopotâmia (por exemplo, hieróglifos egípcios), o artigo examina (a) a formação gráfica da letra alfa, e (b) seu valor fonético ao longo dos anos. -
ALPHABETUM Unicode Font for Ancient Scripts
(VERSION 14.00, March 2020) A UNICODE FONT FOR LINGUISTICS AND ANCIENT LANGUAGES: OLD ITALIC (Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Picene, Messapic), OLD TURKIC, CLASSICAL & MEDIEVAL LATIN, ANCIENT GREEK, COPTIC, GOTHIC, LINEAR B, PHOENICIAN, ARAMAIC, HEBREW, SANSKRIT, RUNIC, OGHAM, MEROITIC, ANATOLIAN SCRIPTS (Lydian, Lycian, Carian, Phrygian and Sidetic), IBERIC, CELTIBERIC, OLD & MIDDLE ENGLISH, CYPRIOT, PHAISTOS DISC, ELYMAIC, CUNEIFORM SCRIPTS (Ugaritic and Old Persian), AVESTAN, PAHLAVI, PARTIAN, BRAHMI, KHAROSTHI, GLAGOLITIC, OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC, OLD PERMIC (ANBUR), HUNGARIAN RUNES and MEDIEVAL NORDIC (Old Norse and Old Icelandic). (It also includes characters for LATIN-based European languages, CYRILLIC-based languages, DEVANAGARI, BENGALI, HIRAGANA, KATAKANA, BOPOMOFO and I.P.A.) USER'S MANUAL ALPHABETUM homepage: http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html Juan-José Marcos Professor of Classics. Plasencia. Spain [email protected] 1 March 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Intr oduc tion 3 2. Font installati on 3 3. Encod ing syst em 4 4. So ft ware req uiremen ts 5 5. Unicode co verage in ALP HAB ETUM 5 6. Prec ompo sed cha racters and co mbining diacriticals 6 7. Pri vate Use Ar ea 7 8. Classical Latin 8 9. Anc ient (po lytonic) Greek 12 10. Old & Midd le En glis h 16 11. I.P.A. Internati onal Phon etic Alph abet 17 12. Pub lishing cha racters 17 13. Mi sce llaneous ch aracters 17 14. Espe ran to 18 15. La tin-ba sed Eu ropean lan gua ges 19 16. Cyril lic-ba sed lan gua ges 21 17. Heb rew 22 18. -
The Iberian Sibilants Revisited
Acta Palaeohispanica XII Palaeohispanica 17 (2017), pp. 207-233. I.S.S.N.: 1578-5386. THE IBERIAN SIBILANTS REVISITED Oliver Simkin The Iberian sibilants have been discussed many times in the history of Paleohispanic studies.1 The occasional suggestions that the two graphemes in each script are mere variants of a single phoneme (e.g. Tovar 1962, 173; Siles 1979, 83) have been generally rejected: there are indeed some instances of apparent alternation, but there often seems to be some pattern behind them, even if the details are not yet clear.2 The two sibilants are generally distinguished remarkably consistently: so much so, in fact, that when we find an abnormal degree of variation, as in eskeŕ ~ eśkeŕ, we are justified in sus- pecting that these may be two different roots. Only in a few cases, such as salir in G.1.2, is a simple spelling mistake the most likely explanation. In other words, the clear picture that emerges is of two separate and easily dis- tinguishable sibilants. Although there is still no consensus about their phonetic values, previ- ous treatments have made several important contributions to the debate through detailed investigations of the various sources of evidence, both in- ternal—the distribution, phonotactics and possible assimilations or alterna- tions of the sibilants within Iberian itself—and external (interaction with other languages, both in the scripts and in renderings of personal names and placenames from one language into another). Another profitable line of in- quiry has involved linguistic typology and the wider picture of sibilant sys- tems across the languages of the world. -
Towards a Systematisation of Palaeohispanic Scripts in Unicode: Synthesising Multiple Transcription Hypotheses Into Two Consensus Encodings*
Palaeohispanica 15 (2015), pp. 13-55. I.S.S.N.: 1578-5386. TOWARDS A SYSTEMATISATION OF PALAEOHISPANIC SCRIPTS IN UNICODE: SYNTHESISING MULTIPLE TRANSCRIPTION HYPOTHESES INTO TWO CONSENSUS ENCODINGS* Joan Ferrer Noemí Moncunill Javier Velaza 1 1. INTRODUCTION The Palaeohispanic script family consists of several scripts (fig. 12): the north-eastern Iberian (Untermann 1975; 1980; 1990; Hesperia2), the Celtibe- rian (Untermann 1997; Hesperia3), the south-eastern Iberian (Untermann 1990) and the south-western or Tartessian scripts (Untermann 1997). In ad- dition, it is necessary to consider the existence of the Espanca abecedary (Untermann 1997, J.25.1; de Hoz 2010, 488), found in the same area where the south-western or Tartessian script is attested. Nevertheless, this abece- dary does not exactly match the Tartessian script or the south-eastern Iberian script. All these writing systems are characterised by a similar corpus of signs and by the coexistence of alphabetic and syllabic signs. ———— * This work is an output from the FFI2012-25113 project and the Senior Research Team LITTERA (2014SGR63), on the one hand, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 655938, on the other. 1 This paper is a unified version of two preliminary proposals submitted to the Unicode Consortium to encode the Palaeohispanic scripts (“Preliminary proposal to encode the north- eastern Iberian script for the Unicode standard” and “Preliminary proposal to encode the southern Palaeohispanic scripts for the Unicode standard”), which are currently under review by a board of experts. 2 hesperia.com, database with critical editions of the whole Palaeohispanic text corpus (Luján and Orduña i.p.; Orduña and Luján i.p.; Velaza 2014), is a project carried out by a team of scholars from the Universities of Zaragoza, Complutense of Madrid, the Basque Country and Barcelona. -
Iberian-Tartessian Scripts/Graffiti in Iruna-Veleia (Basque Country, North Spain): Findings in Both Iberia and Canary Islands-Africa
24 International Journal of Modern Anthropology Int. J. Mod. Anthrop.(2012) 5: 24-38 Available online at: www.ata.org.tn ; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i5.2 Original Synthetic Report Iberian-Tartessian scripts/graffiti in Iruna-Veleia (Basque Country, North Spain): findings in both Iberia and Canary Islands-Africa Antonio Arnaiz-Villena1, Diego Rey 1 Antonio Arnaiz-Villena is presently Head of Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Complutense University, Madrid, Spain .He has been as Research Fellow in the Middlesex Hospital and The London Hospital, London, UK for 9 years. He has published more than 300 papers in international magazines and 8 books in Immunology, Immunogenetics and Human and Bird Population Genetics. He has directed 48 PhD thesis. E-mail: [email protected]. Web page: http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/biolmol/ 1Population genetics and linguistics, Dpt. Immunology, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Abstract - 760 officially recognized scripts on ceramics from Iruña-Veleia excavated by the archaeology firm Lurmen S.L. (approximately between years 2002-2008) have been analyzed. A number of these ceramics contains scripts which may be assimilated to Iberian/Tartessian writings. This number may be underestimated since more studies need to be done in already available and new found ceramics. This is the second time that Iberian writing is found by us in an unexpected location together with the Iberian- Guanche inscriptions of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). On the other hand, naviform scripting, usually associated to Iberian rock or stone engraving may have also been found in Veleia.