PAGE 10 > JANUARY 2013 literature www.chinainsight.info An accidental encounter with the Maestro By Chang Wang

f I’ve ever doubted that Italy is a place “Dario Fo and History”; “A Case Study of where all miracles are possible, or the Chinese Version of Dario Fo's An Ac- Iwondered if a dream can ultimately cidental Death of An Anarchist”; “Political come true through uncompromised love Correctness and Dario Fo”; and “Who is and unequivocal devotion, or questioned the Afraid of Dario Fo”? These four essays complete thoughtfulness of the “almighty”, were later included in my book The End Oct. 6, 2012 provided me with an answer. of the Avant-Garde: Comparative Cultural On that Saturday afternoon, I was on Studies, published by Peking University a train (ES9521) from Milano Centrale Press. In my essays, I predicted that Dario to Roma Termini. While teaching a short Fo would be misunderstood by Chinese course on Chinese law at the University of audiences, because his Sisyphus-like com- Bern as a visiting professor, I had planned passionate idealism, belief in human dignity to spend the weekend in Rome with fam- and individual rights, total independence ily friends. Unfortunately, the trains I had from any institution, and extremely serious originally wanted to take (Bern - Milan - satires based on the great tradition of com- Rome) were all booked, so the SBB (Swiss media dell'arte are so hard to define and to Chang Wang (L) and Dario Fo train company) crew kindly helped me find comprehend by a China that was undergoing another route from Bern to Rome – with a bizarre transformation from Maoist Social- one of the founding fathers of Chinese mod- Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party, connections in Brig and Milan – and more ism to “Socialist” Capitalism. ern literature. He then gave the signed book has been depicted as a pillar of the Chinese time on the road. While I was grateful for But I also believe Dario Fo is so relevant to me. I recommended another Lu Xun short Communist Revolution, and has been a their help, I was not totally happy to have to to China and Chinese. Everything Dario Fo story, The Madman’s Diary, to the Maestro constant theme of communist propaganda. catch a train at 6 a.m. But, after making the and Franca Rame fight against – organized and explained that it probably would provide Propaganda officers would not appreciate last connection, I was finally on the train to crime, political corruption, ideological hy- some background information as to how Lu Dario Fo’s mix of politics, humanism, and Rome. I was sleepy and exhausted. pocrisy, and suppression of free speech and Xun understands Chinese history. mystic spirituality. Sitting in seat 3A in Wagon 7, I was expression – are gaining ground in China For the next an hour and a half, from Mi- Very concerned with environmental halfway to unconsciousness. As the train today more than ever. Dario Fo was, and lano to Firenze, we had a long and interest- protection in China, Dario Fo asked whether was about to depart, a tall, older gentleman is, my hero. ing conversation, on art, politics, and China. the government has taken any measures to and a stunning young lady took the seats Hesitantly, I asked the gentleman in front reduce the pollution and encourage electric right in front of me. The gentleman's face of me: "Are you Mr. Dario Fo?" He smiled: Ognuno sta solo sul cuor della terra cars. I explained that GDP occupies the looked so familiar. I searched my memory: "Si (Yes.)" trafitto da un raggio di sole: central position in China’s economic life, politician? professor? movie star? artist? I extended my hand and shook his: ed è subito sera. and that environment is being damaged at Suddenly, I felt as though I’d been struck “What a great honor! Maestro, I am a big an unprecedented scale and speed as a result by lightning: Dario Fo! Nobel Literature fan of yours.” I then jumped up and grabbed (Every one of us stands alone on the heart of efforts to boost the GDP. Local authorities Prize laureate! my backpack from the luggage compartment of the earth, have few incentives to develop alternative In 1997, the Nobel Prize in Literature and pulled a copy of my book The End of the transfixed by a beam of sun: energy and green cars because they already was awarded to Dario Fo, “who emulates Avant-Garde, which by pure coincidence, and suddenly it is evening.) have invested interests – tax revenues and the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourg- brought by me from home for my Italian kick-backs - in current practices that guar- ing authority and upholding the dignity of uncles. (One third of the book was on Ital- antee steady profits for the government. When Dario Fo saw the above quotation Dario Fo also asked whether workers’ the downtrodden.” He is an Italian satirist, ian culture.) My Italian level is limited to of Salvatore Quasimodo on the front page playwright, theatre director, actor and com- greetings and food ordering, so I turned to rights are improving in China. I explained of my book, he told me that Salvatore Qua- that the current administration is extremely poser. The Nobel Committee’s press release the young lady who sat next to Dario Fo: simodo, actually his good friend, was not claimed that Fo “merits the epithet of jester "Do you speak English, can you help me to pro-business. Ideologically, as this regime is only a great poet but also a great art critic more on the right side than on the left side, in the true meaning of that word. With a translate?" She smiled too and answered: who translated Sappho from Greek to Ital- blend of laughter and gravity he opens our "Yes, I do, and I can, I am his assistant," in independent workers’ unions are impossible. ian, and I should read this important work. With Chiara's kind assistance, Dario Fo eyes to abuses and injustices in society, and perfect English. Her name is Chiara Porro. Aware of the Chinese version of The also to the wider historical perspective in I first showed Dario Fo and Chiara the and I interviewed each other on the subjects Accidental Death of an Anarchist, Dario that interest us most. which they can be placed. Fo is an extremely first 40 pages of the book which includes the Fo noted that the Chinese version is a great serious satirist with a multifaceted oeuvre.” four essays on him. He was delighted to see To make a connection to Perugia, where departure from his original play, “it is a the Maestro would be teaching a week-long Franca Rame, Fo’s wife and artistic part- his picture in the book, and occasional Ital- completely different story.” He shrugged. ner, has assisted in the writing of many of the ian words of the names of his plays, venues, class on drama, the Maestro and Chiara got “I wanted my other play, A Tale of a off the train at the Firenze station. plays they have produced in their 60 years of and organizations inserted in the Chinese Tiger, to be performed in China; but the theatre together. They share the same ideol- paragraphs. After I signed and presented We said “Ciao” to each other. I saw Chinese authorities would not allow it.” them off from the train, and they quickly ogy and vision. Both are extremely talented, the book to him, he asked Chiara to scan the Dario Fo explained the plot of the play: prolific, outspoken, and clear-sighted. Their articles on him and put them on his online disappeared into the crowds on the platform. During Mao's Long March across China, It was almost surreal for me to sit down uncompromising position has led them to archive. a revolutionary sol- received criticism from both the left and the The Maestro then with Dario Fo, face to face, for a long dier is wounded. His conversation. How amazing that I would right, and has led them to take great risks. took from his brief- comrades leave him Nonetheless, their artistic vitality and con- case a book entitled happen to be in the right place at the right behind. Gangrene sets time to meet my hero, and have just the science have earned them enormous respect Picasso Desnudo in, and he believes from widely differing quarters. (Picasso Naked), his right language assistance available! I can that he is about to die. hardly believe this is pure coincidence. It As a country mesmerized with the Nobel most recent book pub- He drags himself into Prizes, China was totally at loss of words lished in conjunction is like a dream. a cave and falls into a Only a week later, a long time dream when Dario Fo won the Prize in Literature. with his and Franca deep sleep. When he For Chinese authorities and media, Chair- Rame’s lecture-per- came true for Chinese people: The Nobel awakens, he is con- Prize in Literature in 2012 was awarded man Mao’s Yan’an Talks on Literature and formance on Pablo fronted by the sight Art is the “Bible” that guides artistic creation Picasso. to Chinese novelist Mo Yan. He is the first of a female tiger and Chinese citizen ever to receive this honor. – and socialist realism is the only “correct” Dario Fo began to her cub. They live art form. Chinese career propaganda officers draw a picture on the He is an extremely prolific author, but ironi- together, as the tiger cally, “Mo Yan” as the author’s pen name, judge art and literature by the standard set front page. He com- nurses him back to up by Chairman Mao in 1942 in the Yan’an pleted the drawing in means “Don’t Speak Up.” health. As this de- Perhaps I can make two wishes: first, Talks: i.e., writers should extol the bright a few minutes, and velops, tiger-human side of life of the Socialist society and to then used his finger to that A Tale of a Tiger will be able to be communication is performed in China, and second, that all expose the darkness of the Capitalist so- blur the lines, just as born – and, while he ciety. But who is Dario Fo, who criticizes Chinese ink painters Chinese writers will be all free to speak up, introduces the tigers  conservative institutions and political cor- normally do. He then to cooked meat, they in the not-too-distant future. ruption, but he also criticized Stalinism wrote down “Storia di in turn introduce him Chang Wang is an associate professor of law and protested the 1989 Tiananmen tragedy. Qu (Story of Ah Q). Dario Fo’s drawing of Ah Q to the archetypal ele- Chinese socialist authority and media were Chang. Dario Fo.” at China University of Political Science and Law, ments of their spirits. Chief Research and Academic Officer for China puzzled by Dario Fo, this “socialist” artist. He explained he is working on a new play From his description I immediately at Thomson Reuters, and a member of the pres- In 1998 and 1999, I authored and pub- adapted from The Story of Ah Q, a short understood why the play was banned in tigious American Law Institute (ALI). He lives lished four Chinese essays on Dario Fo: story masterpiece by Lu Xun (1881-1936), China: The Long March, a retreat by the in Beijing, China and St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.