Nepali-English Dictionary Compiled by Karl-Heinz Krämer South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg (Updated: 14 April 2007) Aba Ca Adv

Nepali-English Dictionary compiled by Karl-Heinz Krämer South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg (updated: 14 April 2007) aba ca adv. now, from now on abaddha cfa$ n./adj. bound, tied up confined abela ca]nf n./adj. lateness, late aber ca]/ adj. late aber bhayo ca]/ eof] comp. it is late abhas cfef; n. glimpse, shadow, reflection, vision, faint memory, inkling abhav cefj n. non-existence, absence, lack, scarcity abhaya ceo n. lack of fear abhibhavak cleefjs n. guardian abhilekh clen]v n. inscription abhinaya clego n. mimicry, imitation abhiprerit clek|]l/t adj. motivated abhipret clek|]t adj. planned abhiram cle/fd adj. extremely beautiful, sublime abhiruci cle?lr n. inclination, earnest desire, liking abhivriddhi clej[l$ n. development abhiyan cleofg n. expedition, march, exploration abhiyog cleof]u n. accusation, allegation, charge abhiyukta cleoÚQm adj. accused abhrak ce|s n. mica, talco (a soft mineral) abhyas cEof; n. practice abrak ce|v n. mica, talco (a soft mineral) acamma crDd n. surprise, wonder, amazement acamma lagnu crDd nfUgÚ v.i. to be surprised, to be amazed, to be astonished acamma parnu crDd kgÚ{ v.i. to be surprised, to be amazed, to be astonished

1 acamma parnu crDd kgÚ{ v.t. to surprise, to amaze, to astonish acanak crfgs adv. suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly acano crfgf] n. cutting board for meat acanu crfgÚ n. cutting board for meat acar crf/ n. hot and sour pickle, pickles, chutney, salsa acar cfrf/ n. conduct, behaviour acaran crf/)f n. conduct, behaviour, practice accer cRr]/ n. letter [of the alphabet], [written] character, [except numerals], alphabet, syllable acel cr]n adv. these days, nowadays, recently, presently achut c%Út adj. untouchable, of lowest caste achuti c%ÚtL n. untouchable, lowest caste achutoddhar c%Útf]$f/ n. reformation of untouchables ad cf* n. support, prop adalat cbfnt n. law court adambar cf*Da/ n. conceit, ostentation adan-pradan cfbfg–k|bfg n. giving and taking of things, exchange, social communication, give and take adarniya cfb/)fLo adj. respectable, deserving honour adarniya sadasya cfb/)fLo ;b:o n. honorary member adarsh cfbz{ n. ideal, value adarvaci cfb/jfrL adj. polite adaunu c*fpgÚ v.t. to support, to hold up, to stop adda c*\*f n. office; court of law adesh cfb]z n. order, instruction, command adha cfwf adj. half adhai baje c(fO ah] adv. half past two adhaini c(fOgL n. the senior woman in a

2 palace harem adham cwd adj. mean, low, wretched, base, vile adhar cfwf/ n. foundation, basis, support adharat cfwf/ft n. midnight adharbhut cfwf/e'^ adj. basic, fundamental adharit cfwfl/t adj. based upon adharit cha cfwfl/t % based upon adharma cwd{ n. sinfulness, irreligiousness adhi cfwL adj. almost a half adhikar clwsf/ n. right, authority, procession, proprietorship adhikari clwsf/L n. officer, one having authority, magistrate, proprietor adhikrit clws[t adj. authorised, vested with authority adhiraj clw/fh n. supreme ruler, sovereign, overlord adhirajkumar clw/fhsÚdf/ n. prince adhirajya clw/fHo n. sovereignty, empire, kingdom adhiveshan clwa]zg n. session, meeting, sitting adhogati cwf]ult n. fall, downfall, degradation adhunik cfwÚlgs adj. modern, recent, current adhyaksha cWoIf n. chief, master, director, chairman, superintendent, supervisor adhyay cWofo n. chapter, section, canto adhyayan cWoog n. study, learning, tuition, perusal adi cflb n./adj. beginning, primary, origin, first, basic; etcetera, etc. adijati cflbhflt n. tribe, tribal, autoethon adikal cflbsfn n. primeval time adikaran cflbsf/g n. first cause, fundamental cause adikavi cflbslj n. first poet, pioneer poet adikavya cflbsfJo n. first epic, Ramayana adinu cl*gÚ v.i. to stop adityavar cflbtojf/ n. Sunday

3 adivasi cflbjfl; n. aborigine, original inhabitant adkalnu c*\sNgÚ v.t. to guess adkanu c*\sgÚ v.i. to get stuck, to be stopped, to be halted adkaunu c*\sfpgÚ v.t. to cause to stick adnu c*\gÚ v.i. to stop, to cease moving aduva cbÚjf n. ginger advittiya clålQo adj. unparalleled, second-to- none agadha cufw adj. unfathomable, bottomless, deep agadi cufl* postp. in front of, before, ahead, toward the front, first agadi badhaunu cufl* a(fpgÚ v.t. to lead forward agadi badhnu cufl* a(\gÚ v.i. to advance, to move forward agal-bagal cun–aun adv. from left to right, on both sides agami cfufdL adj. coming, forthcoming, ensuing agati cult n. decline, lack of progress age cfu] adj. before, future, in furute agena cu]gf n. fireplace, hearth ageno cu]gf] n. fireplace aghadi c#fl* in front of, before, toward the front, first aghat cf#ft n. blow, assault aghaun cf#f}+ adv. next year aghaunu c#fpgÚ v.i. to be satisfied with eating aghi cl# already, before, previously, formerly, facing, in front of, ago, aghi lagnu cl# nfUgÚ v.t. to go first, to go ahead, to lead, to guide aghi nai cl# g} adv. already, long ago aghi sarnu cl# ;gÚ[{ v.i. to advance, to volunteer, to incite, to instigate aghi-aghi cl#–cl# a long time ago, in times gone by aghillo cl#Nnf] adj. first, former, front, anterior,

4 last, previous aghiltira cl#lNt/ adv. in front of, facing aghi-pachi cl#–kl% some other time, before, on other occasions, generally, usually, in single file, one after another, sequentially, surrounded by aghisamma cl#;Dd adv. until recently aglo cUnf] adj. tall, high aglo cfUnf] n. latch, bolt aglyaunu cUNofpgÚ v.t. to lock, to pull to [a door] agni clUg n. fire agnikand clUgsf)* n. fire, conflagration ago cfuf] n. fire agraha cfu|x n. desire, longing, craving, zeal, urging, insistence agulto cuÚN^f] n. piece of burning wood aguva cuÚjf n./adv. leader, leading agya cf!f n. order, command, instruction, permission agyakari cf!fsf/L adj. obedient agyan v!fg n./adj. ignorance; ignorant agyat c!ft adj. unknown, secret, obscure ahan cx int. no ahangkar cx°f/ n. arrogance, conceit ahar cfxf/ n. food, diet ahara cfxf/f n. food, diet ahat cfxt adj. struck, beaten ahile clxn] adv. now, this time aimai cfOdfO{ n. woman ain P]g n. law, legal code, rule aina P]gf n. mirror, looking glass, pane of glass aincatana P]+rftfgf adj. out of control, controlled by outsideforces ainselu P];]]nÚ n. yellow raspberry aipugnu cfOkÚUgÚ v.i. to arrive aitavar cfOtjf/ n. Sunday

5 aitihasik P]ltxfl;s adj. historical aja cfh adv. today aja bihana cfh laxfgf comp. this morning ajabholi cfhef]ln adv. nowadays ajakal cfhsfn adv. nowadays ajan chfg adj. ignorant ajang chª adj. huge, very big, enormous, formidable ajat chft adj. outcaste, low caste, not born ajatshatru chftzqÚ adj. having no enemy ajha c´ adv. still, yet, moreover, now ajhai c´} conj. even then, even now ajivan cfhLjg adj. throughout life, for a whole life-time akad cs* n. insistence, obstinacy, stubbornness, persistence akado cs*f] adj. obstinate, stubborn akal csn wisdom, intelligence, cleverness, knowledge, skilful, clever, wise akalpaniya csNkgLo adj. unimaginable, unthinkable, inconceivable akamakaunu csdsfpgÚ v.i. to hesitate, to pause akamakka csdSs adj. confused, baffled, disconcerted, dumbfounded, perplexed akamakka parnu csdSs kfg{ v.t. to be confused, to be baffled, to be in a quandary, to be taken aback, to be disconcerted, to be rattled, to hesitate, to pause akangksha cfsfª\Iff n. aspiration akanksha cfsf+Iff n. wish, desire, intention akantak cs)^s adj. free from trouble, unobstructed, thornless akapat csk^ adj. guiltless, frank, open akar cfsf/ n. size, shape, form, outline akaraniya cs/)fLo adj. improper, unfit to be performed akarma csd{ n. unnecessary act, wicked

6 act akarmak csd{s adj. intransitive akarmanya csd{)o adj. idle, useless, good for nothing akarmi csdL{ n. a do nothing, sinner, evil- doer, rogue, villain akarna cs)f{ deaf, having no ear akarna csg{ n. official record, document, list of official records akarsan cfsif{)f n. attraction akartavya cst{Jo adj. improper, unfit to be done akartha csfy{ adj. without cause, pointlessly, in vain akash cfsfz n. sky, space akashe tara-marg cfsfz] tf/–dfu{ n. cable railway akashvani cfsfZjf)fL n. radio broadcast akasmat cs:dft adv. suddenly, accidentally, unexpectedly, all of a sudden akasmik cfsl:ds adj. sudden, abrupt, accidental, casual akathaniya csygLo adj. inexpressible, indescribable, inexpressible, obscene, indecent akathya csYo adj. inexpressible, indescribable, inexpressible, obscene, indecent, filthy, unutterable akavat csjt n. duty, God akbar csa/ n. name of the third Indian Moghul Emperor akbare csa/] adj. pungent chilli, extraordinary hot akbari csa/L adj. related to Akbar, pure, unadulterated akelo cs]nf] adj. alone akhabar cvaf/ n. newspaper akhir cflv/ adv. at last, eventually akkal cSsn n. knowledge, cleverness, thought akkali cSsnL adj. clever, intelligent akkase cSsf;] adj. sky-blue

7 akkasinu cSsfl;gÚ v.i. to fly up akraman cfqmd)f n. attack, invasion akrista cfs[i^ adj. attracted, drawn, charmed akriti cfs[lt n. size, shape, form, outline aksar cS;/ adv. often, frequently, usually, many, a lot akshansh cIff+z n. latitude akshar cIf/ n. letter [of the alphabet], [written] character, [except numerals], alphabet, syllable aksijan clS;hg n. oxygen alag cnu separate, different alainci cn}+rL n. cardamom alangkar cn°f/ n. embellishment alasya cfn:o n. laziness, idleness alchi cN%L adj. lazy, idle alekha cfn]v n. writing, script, anything written algyaunu cNUofpgÚ v.t. tho lift, to raise, to release, to set free alhad cfNxfb n. delight, fulfilment ali cln adj. a bit, a little, few ali cfnL n. ridge at the edge of a field- terrace alikati clnslt adj. a little, a small quantity alilo clnnf] adj. lacking salt, tasteless aljhanu cN´gÚ v.i. to get caught up in aljhaunu cN´fpgÚ v.t. to entangle alkatra cnsqf n. asphalt allare cNnf/] n. rover almalaunu cNdnfpgÚ v.t. to confuse, to lead astray almalinu cndlngÚ v.i. to be bewildered, to be amazed, to be confused almari cfNdf/L n. shelves, cupboard alocana cfnf]rgf n. criticism, critique alocanatmak cfnf]rgfTds adj. critical

8 alok cfnf]s n. enlightenment, light, brightness alpamat cNkdt n. minority alsi cN;L adj. lazy, idle alu cfnÚ n. potato alu tachnu cfnÚ tf%\gÚ v.t. to peel off potatoes alubakhada cfnÚav*f n. plum-tree am cfd adj. common, general ama cfdf n. mother amai cfd} n. grandmother [rural] amaju cfdfh' n. husband's elder sister amala cdnf n. a kind of fruit [sour-sweet] amanav cdfgj adj. inhuman amanya cdfGo adj. unaccepted, unobeyed amar cd/ adj. immortal, undying amarkosh cd/sf]z n. (a Sanskrit dictionary compiled by Amar Singh) amba cDaf n. guava amdani cfDbfgL n. income amdani badhaune cfdbfgL a(fpg] n. income generating amilo cldnf] adj. sour amir cdL/ adj. wealthy, rich amiri cdL/L adj. wealthy, rich amkhora cDvf]/f n. brass pot for drinking from, tumbler amnirvacan cfdlgjf{rg n. general elections amol cdf]n adj. priceless, invaluable amrit cd[t n./adj. elixir, nectar; immortal amulya cd'No adj. priceless, invaluable amurta cd't{ adj. formless an c int. yes anadarvaci cgfb/jfrL adj. non-honorific [ling.] anadi cgflb adj. having no beginning, self- born analamaya cgndo adj. fiery anand cfgGb n. happiness anandi cfgGbL adj. happy

9 ananta cgGt adj. infinite, endless anar cgf/ n. pomegranate anarsa cg;f{ n. a kind if sweet bread made of rice flour, sugar and butter anashan cgzg n. fasting anatha cgfy adj. uncared for, orphaned anautha cgf}&f adj. queer, unusual, extraordinary anautho cgf}&f] adj. queer, unusual, extraordinary, strange, peculiar anautikta cgf}ltQmf n. immorality anavarat cgj/t adj. unceasing, constant anbhaunu cGefpgÚ v.t. to say good-bye to the couple in marriage, to send away a bride ancal c~rn n. zone ancal adalat c~rn cbfnt n. zonal court ancal nyayadhish c~rn GofofwLif n. zonal judge ancal prashasan c~rn k|zf;g n. zonal administration ancal sabha c~rn ;ef n. zonal assembly ancaladhish c~rnfwLz n. zonal commissioner ancetnu cr]&\gÚ v.t. to discipline, to impress, to press, to push with force anda cG*f n. egg andaji cGbfhL adv. appropriately, about anderi c*]/L n. castor-oil plant andha cGwf adj. blind andhabhakta cGweQm n. blind follower, superstitious person andhakar cGwsf/ n. darkness andheri cw]/L adj. dark, gloomy andhi cflw n. storm, strong wind andhiyar cflwof/ n. sharer of half the land or crop andhopan cGwf]kg n. blindness andhyaro cWof/f] n./adj. dark, gloomy, sad, darkness, ignorance, gloom andolan cfGbf]ng n. agitation, riot, movement

10 andra cfGb|f n. entrails anduva c*Újf n. not castrated animal aneka cg]s adj. several, many ang cfª n. part, body, portion, limb, procedure anga pugnu cé kÚUgÚ to be the procedure complete anga-bhanga cé–eé n. mutilation of a limb anga-bhanga garnu cé–eé ugÚ{ v.t. to amputate, to dismember, to mutilate angacched céR%]b n. amputation angalnu cuNgÚ v.t. to adopt, to accept, to follow, to embrace, to hug angalo cufnf] n. hug, embrace, armful, the bent arm angan cfug n. yard, courtyard, house, home angar cuf/ n. cinder, ember, the black substance of charcoal anga-raksha cé/Iff n. protection of body anga-rakshak cé/Ifs n. body guard angethi cu]&L n. iron or clay vessel to carry fire, portable fireplace anggur cu'/ n. grape anghi cf#L n. storm, whirlwind, hurricane angikar céLsf/ n. acceptance angikar garnu céLsf/ ugÚ{ v.t. to accept, to follow angikrit c+uLs[t adj. adopted, agreed, promised angikrit nagarikta c+uLs[t gful/stf n. adopted citizenship angikrit nepali c+uLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf n. adopted Nepali citizenship nagarikta anginti cglulGt adj. countless angka c° n. numeral, digit, issue, number [of a periodical], mark [in an examination], score, points [in a game], act [in a drama] angka ra akshar c° / cIf/ figure and letter angka ra aksharle c° / cIf/n] af]nfpgÚ to call by figure and word bolaunu angka-ganit c°ul)ft n. arithmetic, mathematics

11 angkamal c°dfn n. embrace angkapatra c+skq n. label, fillet angkit c+lst adj. marked, written, endorsed, encounted angkuran c+sÚ/)f n. germination, beginning angocha cuf]%f n. towel, napkin angrej c+u|]h n. Englishman, Westerner, white man angreji c+u|]hL n./adj. English, British, English language angsha c+z n. share, division, fragment, ingredient, contribution, element, portion, clause, sub-clause angshadan c+zbfg n. contribution, donation angshadhar c+zw/ n. share-holder, heir angshako hak c+zsf] xs n. heirship, right to the paternal property angshiyar c+lzof/ n. co-heir, sharer, partner angul c+uÚn n. finger, a finger's breadth anguli mudra c+uÚnL dÚb|f n. fingerprint, nameprinted ring anguli pratimudra c+uÚnL k|ltdÚb|f n. finger impression angur c+uÚ/ n. grape ani clg conj. and, then, and then anicchit clglR%t adj. undesired, unwished for anikal clgsfn n. famine anil clgn n. wind anivarya clgjfo{ adj. inevitable anjali c~hnL n. the open palms of the hands held together and slightly cupped, a double handful, offering in worship, tribute anjuli c~hÚnL n. the open palms of the hands held together and slightly cupped, a double handful, offering in worship, tribute anka c+s n. numeral, digit, issue, number [of a periodical], mark [in an examination], score, points [in a game],

12 act [in a drama] ankai csfO{ n. estimate, evaluation ankanaunu cGsgfpgÚ v.i. to hesitate ankha cfvf n. eye ankhako nani cfvfsf] gfgL n. pupil ankhibhuin cfvfLe'O n. eyebrow ankuro csÚ/f] n. shoot, seedling, bud, fresh shoot of a plant ankush c+sÚz n. hook anmaunu cGdfpgÚ v.t. to say good-bye to the couple in marriage, to send away a bride anna cGg n. grain, food anna-bhandar cGge)*f/ n. granary anp cfk n. mango anshu cfz' n. tear, teardrop ant cf& n. courage, boldness anta cf&f n. wheat flour anta cGt n. end, conclusion anta garnu cGt ugÚ{ v.t. to end, to finisch antai cGt} adv. elsewhere antar cGt/ n./adj. difference, interval; inner, inter- antaral rajya cGt/fn /fHof n. buffer state antardeshiya c+tb]{zLo adj. inland, domestic antardeshiya jalpath c+tb]{zLo hnky n. inland waterways antardeshiya patra c+tb]{zLo kq n. inland letter antardeshiya vanijya c+tb]{zLo jfl)fHo n. internal trade antardhvans c+tWj{; n. sabotage antargat cGtu{t adj. included, comprised antargrasta c+tu|{:t adj. involved antarik cfGtl/s adj. interior, inner, internal antariksha cGt/LIf n. space, universe antarmukhi cGtdÚ{lv adj. introvert, inward-looking antarrastriya cGt/f{li^«o adj. international antarrastriya kanun cGt/f{li^«o sfg'g n. international law antarrastriya cGt/f{li^«o dÚb|sf]if n. International Monetary

13 mudrakos Fund [IMF] antarvarta cGtjf{tf{ n. interview antarvasan c+tjf{;g n. internship, confinement within prescribed limits antarvasi c+tjf{;L n. internee antarvasit c+tjf{l;t adj. interned antarvasit garnu c+tjf{l;t ugÚ{ v.t. to intern antarvirodh cGt/lj/f]w n. self-contradiction, inner contradiction antastha desh cGt:y b]z n. buffer state anthanabbe cG&fgAa] num. ninety-eight, 98 anthaunna cG&fpGg num. fifty-eight, 58 anthyaunu c&ØfpgÚ v.t. to catch firmly, to seize, to clutch, to grasp firmly anti c+lt n. ultimatum antim clGtd adj. last, final, conclusive, ultimate antis clGt; adj. last antnu cf^\gÚ v.i. to dare, to take the risk antya cGTo n./adj. end, last run antyesti cGTo]lit n. the last rites after death, funeral ceremony, obsequies anubhav cgÚej n. experience, feeling, sensation anubhavi cgÚelj adj. experienced anubhuti cgÚe'lt n. real knowledge, experience, sensation anudan cgÚbfg n. grant anugaman cgÚudg n. follow-up anuhar agÚxf/ n. face, countenance anukramnika cgÚqmdl0fsf n. contents, list of contents anukul cgÚs'n adj. favourable, agreeable, friendly anuman cgÚdfg n. inference, guess, presumption anumati cgÚdlt n. permission, consent, assent anupasthit cgÚkl:yt adj. absent anupras cgÚk|f; n. alliteration

14 anurodh cgÚ/f]w n. request, entreaty, prayer anurodh garnu cgÚ/f]w ugÚ{ v.t. to request, to ask for, to pray anurup cgÚ¿k adj. resembling, corresponding, similar, analogous, congruous anusandhan cgÚ;Gwfg n. research, investigation anusar cgÚ;f/ postp. according to, in accordance with, equivalent to, in conformity with anusaran cgÚ;/)f n. compliance, accordance anushasan cgÚzf;g n. discipline, instruction anuvad cgÚjfb n. translation, immitation anuvakta cgÚjQmf n. translator anuvar cgÚjf/ n. face, countenance anveshan cGj]z)f n. exploration anya cGo adj. other anyatra cGoq adj. elsewhere, somewhere else, in some other place anyaya cGofo n. injustice apaci ckrL adj. undigested, undigestible apadha ck( adj. illiterate, unlettered apaharan ckx/)f n. abduction, kidnapping, usurpation apanaunu ckgfpgÚ v.t. to adopt, to make use of, to apply aparadh ck/fw n. crime, offence, guilt, fault, sin aparadhi ck/fwL n./adj. criminal, wrongdoer aparicit ckl/lrt adj. unknown, unfamiliar aparjhat ck/´& adv. suddenly, surprisingly, all of a sudden apas cfk; n. those close to oneself, relatives apashoc ckzf]r n. regret, sorrow apasma cfk;df adj. among each other, among themselves aphai cfkm} adv. self, personally aphisar clkm;/ n. officer aphno cfkm\Gff] adj. one's own

15 aphnu cfkm\Gf' adj. one's own apil ckLn n. appeal, contradiction, objection aprakashit ck|sflzt adj. unpublished apratyashik ck|Toflzs adj. unexpected, sudden apravasi cfk|jf;L n. immigrant apsara cK;/f n. nymph, fairy, spirit apurva ck'j{ adj. new, strange arab c/a num. one billion, 1.00.00.00.000 arajakta c/fhstf n. anarchy arakshan cf/If)f n. reservation aram cf/fd n. comfort, rest arambha cf/De n. beginning, start are c/] (reported speech marker) arini cC)fL adj. free from debt arje cfh]{ n. prophecy, prediction, forecast arko csf]{ adj. another, next, second arop cf/f]k n. imputation, allegation, insinuation, accusation arpanu ck{gÚ v.t. to offer up, to dedicate artha cy{ n. finance, wealth, nmeaning, significance, import, interpretation, explanation arthadanda cy{b)* n. fine artha-mantri cy{dGqL n. minister of finance arthashastra cy{zf:q n. economics, political economy arthat cyf{t adv. that is to say, in other words, i.e. arthik cfly{s adj. economic, financial arthik matava cfly{s dxTj n. economic importance arthyaunu cYof{pgÚ v.t. to make sense of, to understand arti ctL{ n. advice, counsel, lesson, instruction, precept, moral lesson, admonition aru cf¿ n. peach aru c¿ adj. another, more, either, further

16 aru kohi c¿ sf]xL someone else arubakhada cf¿av*f n. plum asabhya c;Eo adj. uncivilised, uncultured asadh c;f( n. Asadh or Asar, third month of the Nepali year [June- July] asadharan c;fwf/)f adj. unusual, uncommon asadhya c;fWo adj. very, extremely asahamati c;xdlt n. disagreement, dissent, discordance asahaya c;xfo adj. helpless asal c;n adj. real, true, pure, unadulterated, morally good asali c;nL adj. real, genuine asam cf;fd n. Assam asaman cf;dfg n. sky asamanta c;dfGtf n. inequality asamaya c;do n. untimeliness, bad or unfitting time asamayik c;fdlos adj. inopportune, untimely, inconvenient asambhava c;Dej adj. impossible asan cf;g n. seat, stool, office, post, posture, throne asanggati c;+ult n. incoherence, irrelevance, absurdity, irrationality, incompatibility, anomaly asankhya c;+Vo adj. innumerable, countless, beyond number asanna cf;Gg adj. imminent, impencing, near, close asantusta c;GtÚi& adj. dissatisfied, discontented, displeased, reluctant asantusti c;GtÚli& n. dissatisfaction asapas cf;kf; adv. nearabout, nearby asaphal c;kmn adj. unsuccessful, failure asar c;f/ n. Asadh or Asar, third month of the Nepali year [June- July] asar c;/ n. effect, influence, mark, authority

17 asat c;t\ adj. evil, bad, non-existent, illusory ash cfz n. hope asha cfzf n. hope ashangka cfz+sf n. suspicion, doubt, fear, dread ashanti czflGt n. lack of peace, unrest ashaya cfzo n. meaning, aim, intention, purport ashcarya cfZro{ n. wonder, surprise, astonishment ashcaryalagdo cfZro{nfUbf] adj. surprising ashiksha clzIff n. illiteracy ashikshit clzlIft adj. uneducated, unlettered, illiterate ashirvacan cfzLj{rg n. blessing, benediction ashirvacan cfzLj{rg n. blessing ashirvad cfzLjf{b n. blessing, benediction ashirvad cfzLjf{b n. blessing ashis cflzif n. blessing, benediction ashis dinu cflzif lbgÚ v.t. to bless ashlil cZnLn adj. indecent, vulgar ashram cf>d n. hermitage, residential institute ashraya cf>o n. dependence, resort, reliance, retreat ashrit cfl>t postp. depending on, relying on ashu cfzÚ adj. quick, speedily, immediate, swift ashuddha czÚ$ adj. impure ashutos cfzÚtf]if adj. contended, easily pleased ashvin cflZjg n. Ashvin or Asoj, fifth month of the Nepali year [September-October] asi c;L eighty, 80 asima c;Ld adj. boundless, unlimited asimit c;Lldt adj. boundless, unlimited asoj c;f]h n. Ashvin or Asoj, fifth month of the Nepali year [September-October]

18 aspast c:ki& adj. not clear, indistinct, vague, dim, obscure, blurred, ambiguous aspastata c:ki&tf n. lack of clarity, uncertainty, haziness aspatal c:ktfn n. hospital astaunu c:tfpgÚ v.i. to set [sun, moon or star] astha cf:yf n. faith, reverence, veneration asthipanjar cl:ykGh/ n. skeleton asti cl:t adv. the day before yesterday, recently, the other day astiko bihibar cl:tsf] laxLaf/ last Thursday astitva cl:tTj n. existence, being, entity astrashastra a:qz:q n. weaponry, armament, arms, weapons astreliya c:&«]lnof n. Australien asuvidha c;'ljwf n. inconvenience asvabhavik c:jefljs adj. unnatural asvasth c:j:y adj. unhealthy.morbid asvikar c:jLsf/ n. non-acceptance, rejection, refusal, denial atah ctM conj. hence, therefore, thus atainu c^fOgÚ v.i. to fit into, to be contained atal c^n adj. firm, irrevocable, resolute, unwavering, steadfast, still, unmoving atangka cft° n. fear, terror, panic, phobea, suffering atangkit cftl°t adj. terrified ataunu c^fpgÚ v.i. to fit into, to be contained ateri c^]/L adj. headstrong, obstinate ath cf& num. eight, 8 athara c&f/ adj. eighteen, 18 athasi c&f;L adj. eighty-eight, 88 athaun cf&f}+ adj. eighth athava cyjf conj. or athcalis c&rfnL; adj. forty-eight, 48 athhattar c&xQ/ adj. seventy-eight, 78 athsatthi c&;&\&L adj. sixty-eight, 68

19 athtis c&tL; adj. thirty-eight, 38 ati clt adj. very much, exceeding, extremely, beyond atikraman cltqmd)f n. infringement, contravention, violation atirikta cltl/Qm adv. extra, additional, excessive atit ctLt n./adv. past, gone atithighar cltly#/ n. guest house, guest chamber atithishala cltlyzfnf n. guest house, guest chamber atma cfTdf n. mind, heart, intellect, soul atmabhiman cfTdfledfg n. self-respect, self-esteem atmabodhak cfTdfaf]ws adj. reflexive [linguistics] atmahatya cfTdxTof n. suicide, self-murder, self- killing atmanirbhar cfTdlge{/ n. self-dependence, self- support atmasamman cfTd;Ddfg n. self-respect, self-regard atmavibhorta cfTdljef]/tf n. fascination atmavishvas cfTdljZjf; n. self-confidence atripti ct[lKt n. insatiability, lack of appeasement attalika c§flnsf n. balcony, verandah attar cQ/ n. scent, fragrance atthais a&&fO{; adj. twenty-eight, 28 attinu cflQgÚ v.i. to be frightened, to be nerveous atur cftÚ/ adj. sick, wounded, impatient, anxious atut c^Ú^ adj. unbroken, continuous, continual atuva c^'jf n. ginger atyacar cTofrf/ n. atrocity, tyranny, excess, outrage, oppression atyanta cToGt adj. a lot, much, very much, exceedingly, utterly, extremely atyavashyak cTofjZos adj. very necessary, essential atyukti cToÚlQm n. hyperbole, exaggeration au cf} conj. and

20 aucitya cf}lrTo n. propriety, appropriateness, validity audyogik cf}Bf]lus adj. industrial aunlo cf}+nf] n. finger aunlyaunu cf}+NofpgÚ v.t. to point at aunsi cf}+;L n. new moon, last day of the dark half of the month aunu cfpgÚ v.i. to come aupacarik cf}krfl/s adj. formal, ceremonial aupacarik adarvaci cf}krfl/s cfb/jfrL adj. formally polite [linguistics] ausadhipasal cf}iflwk;n n. chemist's (shop), pharmacy, drugstore avadhi cjlw n. periode, time, limit, term, duration avahela cjx]nf n. neglect, disdain, contempt avahelna cjx]ngf n. neglect, disdain, contempt avaj cfjfh n. voice, sound, report, uproar avakash cjsfz n. free time avalamban cjnDag n. support, reliance avalokan cjnf]sg n. look, gaze avanati cjglt n. decline, downfall avarodh cj/f]w n. obstruction, hindrance, impediment, restraint, taboo avas cfjf; n. dwelling, place of residence avasar cj;/ n. opportunity, chance, occasion, scope avasar paunu cj;/ kfpgÚ v.t. to take a chance avashya cjZo adv. certainly avashyak cfjZos adj. necessary, needful, inevitable avashyakta cfjZostf n. necessity, need, requirement avastha cj:yf n. condition, state, age, phase, despondency avasyakta cfj:oQm n. need, necessity, requirement avat-javat cfjt–hfjt n. coming and going, connection, transmigration avicchinna cljlRrGg adj. uninterrupted, continuous

21 avikasit cljsl;t adj. undeveloped avishvas cljZjf; n. distrust, disbelief, non- confidence, suspicion, doubt aviskar cfljisf/ n. discovery, invention avivekpurna cljj]sk')f{ adj. without reason, for no reason, unfounded avyavastha cJoj:yf n. disorder ayaram gayaram cfof/fd uof/fd n. frequent defectionist ayarlaind cfo/n})* n. Ireland ayog cfof]u n. commission ayojana cfof]hgf n. project ba af n. father [colloquially] babu afaÚ n. father bacaunu arfpgÚ v.t. to save, to defend, to spare bada a*f adj. big, large, gigantic, og great size bada hakim a*f xflsd n. district officer badal afbn n. cloud badam abfd n. peanut badamash abdfz adj. wicked, immoral, mischievous badanam abgfd adj. caluminated, infamous badha afwf n. hinderance, obstacle, obstruction badhak afws adj. hindering, obstructing badharnu a(fgÚ{ v.t. sweep badhaunu a(fpgÚ v.t. to increase, to make bigger, to enlarge badhi a(L adj. more, larger, higher badhiya al(of adj. fine, nice, superior, excellent, of good quality badhnu a(\gÚ v.i. to increase, to grow, to advance, to go forward, to flourish badi abL n. the dark half of a lunar month; evil, wickedness bado a*f] adj. big, large, gigantic bagainca au}+rf n. garden, orchard bagbani afuafgL n. gardening, horticulture

22 baggi aUuL n. horse carriage bagh af# n. tiger bagha af#f n. obstacle bagnu aUgÚ v.i. to flow, to glide bagvani afujfgL n. horticulture bahadur axfbÚ/ adj. brave, bold, courageous, defiant bahas ax; n. discussion, argumentation, debate bahattar axQ/ num. seventy-two, 72 bahek afx]s postp. except, besides bahini alxgL n. younger sister bahinijvain alxgLHjfO n. younger sister's husband bahira aflx/ postp. outside, at another place bahira samet aflx/ ;d]t even outside bahirapatti aflx/kl§ n. outside bahiro alx/f] adj. deaf bahiskar alxifsf/ n. expulsion, removal, exclusion, ex- communication bahra afx| num. twelve, 12 bahraun afx|f}+ adj. twelfth bahudaliya axÚblno adj. multiparty bahudaliya vyavastha axÚblno joj:yf n. multiparty system bahumat axÚdt n. majority bahumulya axÚd'No adj. valuable, expensive, very costly bahun afxÚg n. Brahmin baijani a}hgL adj. purple baink a}° n. bank bais afO{; num. twenty-two, 22 baisatthi a};&\&L num. sixty-two, 62 baishakh a}zfv n. first month of the Nepali calendar [April/May] baithak a}&s n. meeting, session, living room, sitting room, reception room baj afh n. hawk

23 baje ah] o'clock baje afh] n. grandfather bajet ah]& n. budget bajhnu a´\gÚ v.i. to quarrel, to wrangle bajnu aHgÚ v.i. to sound, to chime bajyai aHo} n. grandmother [lower class], woman's mother-in-law [lower class], a Brahmin woman, an old woman bakas afs; n. box bakas as; n. present, gift, reward bakhat avt n. time, period, moment, opportunity bakhri afv|L n. she-goat bakhro afv|f] n. goat bakkulo aSsÚnf] n. crane baklo afSnf] adj. thick baksanu aS;gÚ v.t. to give, to present [as a present or reward by a high standing personality like the king] bal an n. strength, power, force, might bal afn n. child, boy balatkar anfTsf/ n. rape bali anL adj. strong, powerful bali afnL n. standig crops, harvest balika afLnsf n. young girl balistha aln:& adj. strong, powerful, stout baliyo alnof] adj. strong, powerful, stout balkrishna sama afns[i)f ;d n. Bal Krishna Sama [a famous Nepali poet] balnu aNgÚ v.i. to burn, to blaze, to catch fire balnu afNgÚ v.t. to kindle, to light, to burn balti afN&L n. bucket balun afnÚg n. a kind of folk song balyakal afNosfn n. childhood bamojim adf]lhd adv. according to, in accordance

24 with, accordingly bamojit adf]lht adj. according to, in accordance with, accordingly banaunu agfpgÚ v.t. to make, to build, to repair bancaro aGr/f] n. axe bancnu afRgÚ v.i. to survive banda bhayo aGb eof] comp. it is closed, it is shut banda garnu aGb ugÚ{ v.t. to close, to shut bandakopi aGbfsf]kL n. cabbage bandar afb/ n. monkey bandel ab]n n. wild pig bandhan aGwg n. imprisonment bandhnu afWgÚ v.t. to bind, to tie up, to fasten bandi aGbL n. hostage, prisoner bandighar aGbL#/ n. prison, jail bandigriha aGbLu[x n. prison, jail bandikhana aGbLvfgf n. prison, jail bandnu af*\gÚ v.t. to part, to divide, to share, to partition banel ag]n n. wild pig bango aféf] adj. crooked, bent, twisted bangur a+uÚ/ n. pig bani afgL n. habit, disposition, character banki afsL n. remainder, left over, residue bannu aGgÚ v.i. to be ready, to be made bans af; n. bamboo bansko purda af“:sf] k'bf{ n. bamboo curtain bar af/ n. fence, temporary wall bar af/ n. weekday [of the Nepali calendar] bara a/f n. great-grandfather barbar aa{/ n./adj. barbarian, savage, barbarisch, wild barbarta aa{/tf n. barbarity bare af/] postp. about, realting to, concerning bari af/L n. dry field, garden

25 barkha av{f n. rains, rainy season, monsoon barnu afgÚ{ v.t. to observe, to abstain from baru a? better, rather, or barulo af?nf] n. wasp basai sarai a;fO{ ;/fO{ n. migration basalnu a;fNgÚ v.t. to cause to sit, to make someone sit basanta a;Gt n. spring basaunu a;fpgÚ v.t. to cause to sit, to make someone sit basinda afl;Gbf n. inhabitant, resident basnu a:gÚ v.i. to sit, to settle, to remain basobas a;f]af; n. residence, place of residence basovas a;f]jf; n. residence, place of residence bata af& postp. from, by bata marnu aft dfgÚ{ v.i. to talk batas atf; n. wind, air batho af&f] adj. intelligent, clever bato af^f] n. road, path, way bato lagnu af^f] nfUgÚ v.t. to set off battai a§fO{ n. quail batti aQL n. lamp battis aQL; num. thirty-two, 32 batuko a^Úsf] n. cup, bowl baulaha af}nfxf adj. mad, lunatic baunna afpGg num. fifty-two, 52 bayalis aofnL; num. forty-two, 42 bayan aofg n. description, narration, account bayan afof adj. left bayanabbe aofgAa] num. ninety-two, 92 bayasi aof;L num. eighty-two, 82 becnu a]RgÚ v.t. to sell, to dispose off beglo a]Unf] adj. separated behornu a]xf]gÚ{ v.i. to bear, to make use of, to

26 look after, to afford bela a]nf n. time, occasion beluka a]nÚsf n./adj. evening, in the evening, after sunset bemajja a]dHhf adj. not pleasing benci a]GrL n. bench bensi a]+;L n. valley, lowland, lower portion of a hill bepar a]kf/ n. trade, commerce bepar garnu a]kf/ ugÚ{ v.t. to trade, to sell bepari a]kf/L n. trader, merchant ber a]/ n. time, delay, late berojgar a]/f]huf/ n. unemployment bes a]; adj. good, very good besar a];f/ n. turmeric besari a];/L adv. nicely, abundantly, profusely, plentifully, excessively bevasta a]jf:tf adj. indifferent, unmindful, unconcerned, careless bhada ef*f n. rent, hire, fare, freight bhadai eb} n. woman's brother's daughter bhadau ebf} n. fifth month of the Nepali year [August-September] bhadgaun efbufp n. Bhaktapur, Bhadgaon [an ancient town east of Kathmandu] bhadkinu e*\lsgÚ v.i. to be frightened, to feel shy, to go astray bhado ebf] n. woman's brother's son bhadra eb| n. fifth month of the Nepali year [August-September] bhagnu efUgÚ v.i. to flee, to run away bhai efO n. younger brother bhai-bharadar efOef/fbf/ n. king's address towards his royal relatives bhaibuhari efOaÚxf/L n. younger brother's wife bhain eO n. ground, earth, floor bhainsi e}+;L n. water buffalo [female] bhajan efhg n. receptacle, object, dividing

27 bhaka efsf n. promise bhakta eQm n./adj. devotee; devoted, pious bhaktapur eQmkÚ/ n. Bhaktapur, Bhadgaon [an ancient town east of Kathmandu] bhakti elQm n. devotion, worship, veneration bhaktiman elQmdfg n./adj. devotee; devoted, pious bhakundo khelnu esÚ)*f] v]NgÚ v.t. to play football bhala efnf n. spear, lance, pike bhalai enfO{ n. welfare, well-being, goodness, gentleness bhale mujur efn] dÚhÚ/ n. peacock bhalu efn" n. bear bhanda eGbf postp. compared to [used for construction of comparative] bhandakunda ef*fsÚ*f n. pots and pans bhandaphor e)*fkmf]]/ n. unmasking, unveiling, disclosure, revelation, betrayal bhandar e)*f/ n. store room bhandnu ef*\gÚ v.t. to spoil, to ruin (morally) bhando ef*f] n. cooking pot, vessel, pot bhane eg] conj. if, on the other hand bhangero eu]/f] n. sparrow bhanij eflgh n. sister's son bhanje buhari efGh] aÚxf/L n. sister's son's wife bhanje jvain efGh] HjfO{+ n. sister's daughter's husband bhanji efGhL n. sister's daughter bhanjo efGhf] n. sister's son bhanjyang e~Hofª n. narrow valley, defile, mountain pass bhanne eGg] adj. called, named bhansa efG;f n. kitchen bhansar eG;f/ n. customs, customs duties, office of the customs department bhanubhakta acarya efgÚeQm cfrfo{ n. Bhanubhakta Acharya [a famous Nepali poet]

28 bhar e/ n. trust, faith, fullness bhar parnu e/ kgÚ{ v.t. to trust bharadar ef/fbf/ n. a high official bharadari sabha ef/fbf/L ;ef n. assembly of high officials or nobility in early Shah and Rana times bharat ef/t n. India bharatiya ef/tLo adj. Indian bhare e/] postp. later in the day, afterwards bhari ef/L adj. heavy, weighty bhari el/ adj. full to the brim, full bharibharau el/e/fp adj. full to the brim, full bharipurna el/k')f{ adj. full to the brim, full bharkar ev{/ adv. right now bharopeli ef/f]k]nL adj. indoeuropean bharopiya ef/f]kLo adj. indoeuropean bharosa e/f];f n. hope, trust, reliance bhartsana eT;{gf n. reproach, abuse bharya efof{ n. wife, female consort bharyang e¥ofª n. stairs bhasa efiff n. language bhasan efif)f n. speech, lecture bhasan dinu efif)f lbgÚ v.t. to give a lecture bhasavigyan efifflj!fg n. linguistics, philosophy bhat eft n. boiled rice bhatamas e^df; n. soyabean bhatiji elthL n. man's brother's daughter bhatijo elthf] n. man's brother's son bhattarak e§f/s adj. revered, respectable bhau efp n. price, value, rate bhaugolik ef}uf]lns adj. geographic, geographical bhaugolik mahatva ef}uf]lns dxTj n. geographical importance bhauju efph' n. elder brother's wife bhava efj n. thought, mental state, feeling, sentiment, musing bhavan ejg n. house, mansion, palace

29 bhavan nirman kala ejfg lgdf{)f snf architecture bhavana efjgf n. thought, mental state, feeling, sentiment, musing bhavavacak nam efjjfrs gfd n. abstract [linguistics] bhavya eJo adj. grand, pompous, splendorous bhedo e]*f] n. sheep bhek e]s n. neighbourhood, locality, area bhela e]nf n. gathering (of people) bhet e]& n. meeting, visit, interview bhet hunu e]& xÚgÚ v.t. to meet, to bump into someone bhetnu e]&\gÚ v.i./v.t. to meet, to get, to find, to come across bhijnu leHgÚ v.i. to get wet bhiksha leIff n. begging, alm, charity bhinaju legfhÚ n. elder sister's husband bhinnata leGgtf n. difference bhitra leq postp. inside, within, in bhitrinu lelqgÚ v.i. to enter, to penetrate bhitriya lelqof adj. counted as a member of the family or group bhitte leQ] wall bhitto leQf] n. side of the wall bhogate ef]u^] n. grapefruit bhogdan ef]ubfg n. help, assistance bhojan ef]hg n. food bhojnalaya ef]hgfno n. kitchen, cafe, canteen, dining room bhok ef]s n. hunger bhok lagnu ef]s nfugÚ to be hungry bhokaunu ef]sfpgÚ v.i. to be hungry bholi ef]ln adv. tomorrow bhote ef]^] n. Tibetan, Bhote bhraman e|d)f n. travel, travelling, roaming bhrasta e|i^ adj. fallen, spoilt, polluted, defiled bhrastacar e|i^frf/ n. corruption, corrupt practice

30 bhrastacari e|i^frf/L n. corrupt person bhugarbha vigyan e'ue{ lj!fg n. geology bhugolko anusandhan e'uf]nsf] cgÚ;Gwfg sfo{ n. geological survey karya bhuin eÚO n. ground, floor, surface of the earth bhuin e'O n. ground, floor, surface of the earth bhuincalo e'Orfnf] n. earthquake bhuinkatahar e"Os&x/ n. pineapple bhuja eÚhf n. boild rice [upper class] bhuknu eÚSgÚ v.i. to bark bhu-ksharan e"If/)f n. soil erosion bhulnu eÚNgÚ v.i./v.t. to forget, to make a mistake, to be attached bhumi e'ld n. ground, floor, surface of the earth bhumigat eÚldut n. underground bhumika e'ldsf n. preface, introduction, foreword bhundi e*L n. stomach bhu-parivestit desh e'kl/j]li&t b]z n. land-locked country bhusuno eÚ;Úgf] n. gnat bhutang e'^fª n. Bhutan bhuteko makai eÚ^]sf] ds} n. popcorn bhuteko masu eÚ^]sf] df;Ú n. fried meat bhutla eÚTn n. fur, hair bhutnu eÚ^\gÚ v.t. to fry bhutpurva e'tk'j{ adj. past, former, previous bhutuva eÚ^Újf n. fried meat bhyaguto EofuÚtf] n. frog bhyaunu EofpgÚ v.i. to find time bic aLr n./postp. middle, centre, during, among bicar larf/ n. thought, consideration, idea bicchi laR%L n. scorpion bigauti lauf}tL n. beestings, the milk of the animal after bearing a calf biha laxf n. marriage, wedding,

31 matrimony bihaite laxfOt] adj. married, wedded bihana laxfg n./adv. morning; in the morning bihivar lalxjf/ n. Thursday bij aLh n. seed bijaropan aLhf/f]k)f n. laying of the foundation stone, cornerstone ceremony bijuli lahÚnL n. electricity, lightening bikha lav n. poison, venom bilkul lansÚn adj. entirely, fully, completely binti laGtL n. request, prayer bintipatra lalGtkq n. application, petition biralo la/fnf] n. cat birami la/fdL n./adj. patient, illness, ill birta latf{ n. free-hold land birtaval latf{jfn n. owner of free-hold land bis aL; num. twenty, 20 bitaunu latfpgÚ v.t. to spend biu aLp n. seed biunjhanu lap´gÚ v.t. to wake up bodi af]*L n. a kind of bean, blackeye bean boknu af]SgÚ v.t. to carry, to lift, to conceive boko af]sf] n. he-goat bolaunu af]nfpgÚ v.t. to call, to invite bolbala af]nafnf n. all in all, all powerful bolcal af]nrfn n. conversation, talk bolcalma af]nrfndf in everyday language bolinu af]lngÚ v.i. to be spoken bolivacan af]nLjrg n. conversation, talk bolnu af]NgÚ v.i. to speak brihaspatibar a[x:kltaf/ n. Thursday brihat a[xt adj. big, large, huge buddhi aÚl$ n. knowledge, intellect, mental power, wisdom buddhical aÚl$rfn n. chess

32 buddhijivi aÚl$hLjL adj. intelligent, learned budha ba a''(f af n. grandfather [lower class] budhavar aÚwjf/ n. Wednesday budhi ama a'(L cfdf n. grandmother [lower class] budhi aunlo a'(L cf}+nf] n. thumb budho a'(f] adj. old [person] buhari a'xf/L n. son's wife, daughter-in-law buingal aÚOun n. upper storey of a house, attic, garret bujhaunu aÚ´fpgÚ v.t. to explain, to make over bunda aÚbf n. main point, main issue burundi aÚ?)*L n. Burundi butta aÚ§f n. design buva aÚjf n. father, papa bvanso Ajf;f] n. wolf byadmintan Aof*ldG^g n. badminton cabaunu rafpgÚ v.t. to chew cadhaunu r(fpgÚ v.t. to cause to ride, to offer [to superiors] cadhnu r(\gÚ v.t. to climb, to mount, to ride cadnu r*\gÚ v.t. to mount, to go up, to ascend, to ride, to improve caharnu rxfgÚ{ v.t. to loiter, to linger, to walk about, to spend time idly by moving about cahinu rflxgÚ v.i. to be necessary, to be required cait r}t n. twelfth month of the Nepali year [March-April] caitra r}q n. twelfth month of the Nepali year [March-April] cakhaunu rvfpgÚ v.t. to cause to taste cakhnu rfVgÚ v.t. to taste cakku rSsÚ n. knife, cutting knife cakramarg rqmdfu{ n. ringroad cal rfn n. movement calak rnfs adj. clever, sly, cunning, shrewd calakh rnfv adj. clever, sly, cunning, shrewd

33 calan rng n. custom, habit, style, conduct calan rnfg n. despatch, consignment calan garnu rng ugÚ{ v.t. to use calaunu rnfpgÚ v.t. to cause to move, to put to use, to move, to despatch calis rfln; num. forty, 40 callo rNnf] n. young chicken calnu rNgÚ v.i. to move, to be current, to be in use, to work, to flirt caltika rNtLsf adj. common, normal, in circulation camada rd*f n. skin, hide camal rfdn n. husked but uncooked rice camca rDrf n. spoon camero rd]/f] n. bat, vampire camkanu rDsgÚ v.i. to glitter, to shine camkaunu rDsfpgÚ v.t. to polish, to cause to shine camkilo rlDsnf] adj. bright camsur rD;Ú/ n. [a kind of pungent vegetable eaten raw as herbal medicine] canakya rf)fSo n. [name of Kautilya, the author of the ancient Arthashastra] cancun rfgrÚg adj. about, a little, miscellaneous canda rGbf n. donation candai rf*} adv. soon candi rfñbL n. silver cando rfñ*f] adj. quick, fast, soon, immediately candrama rGb|df n. moon cangunarayan rfuÚgf/fo)f n. Changunarayan [an ancient site in the eastern part of the Kathmandu valley] cap rfk n. arc, segment of a circle, semi-circle, rainbow car rf/ num. four, 4 caraitira rf/}lt/ adv. on all (four) sides caran r/)f n. foot, leg, a quarter of a

34 stanza caraunu r/fpgÚ v.t. to make graze carca rrf{ n. talk, enquiry, query, praise, remark, commendation carit rl/t n. character, conduct, manners, behaviour, work, occupation caritra rl/q n. character, conduct, manners, behaviour, work, occupation carkanu rs{gÚ v.t. to crack, to split, to break carkaunu rsf{pgÚ v.t. to cause to crack, to cause to split carkha rvf{ n. spinning wheel carko rsf]{ adj. hard, bitter, heavy, difficult, loud, piquant. lively, excessive, high carnu rgÚ{ v.i. to graze caro r/f] n. bird cartarph rf/tkm{ adv. on all (four) sides cartira rf/lt/ adv. on all (four) sides cataunu r^fpgÚ v.t. to cause to lick catnu rf^\gÚ v.i. to lick caubar rf}a/ adj. four times caubis rf}aL; num. twenty-four, 24 cauda rf}*f n./adj. width, breadth; wide caudai rf}*fO n./adj. width, breadth; wide caudha rf}w num. fourteen, 14 cauhattar rf}xQ/ num. seventy-four, 74 cauka rf}sf n. eating place surrounding the store cauntis rf}+tL; num. thirty-four, 34 caupattai rf}k§} adj. exceedingly, exceptionally cauranabbe rf}/fgAa] num. ninety-four, 94 caurasi rf}/f;L num. eighty-four, 84 causatthi rf};^\&L num. sicty-four, 64 cautara rf}tf/f n. sincere and benevolent member of the royal family cautariya rf}tl/of n. member of the royal family

35 cautarph rf}tkm{ adv. on all (four) sides cautho rf}yf] adj. fourth cavalis rjfnL; num. forty-four, 44 cavanna rjGg num. fifty-four, 54 cavaunu rjfpgÚ v.t. to chew cehara r]x/f n. face, appearance, countenance celi r]nL n. female disciple, female pupil celibeti becvikhat r]lna]^L a]rljvt n. girls trafficking cepang r]kfª n. Chepang [a Nepalese nationality] cetana r]tgf n. intelligence, consciousness, animation, rationality, spirit cetauni r]tfpgL n. to warn cetavani r]tfjgL n. warning cetnu r]TgÚ v.i. to be conscious, to recover the senses, to be on the alert cha % num. six, 6 cha patra % kq adj. sixfold chabbis %AaL; num. twenty-six, 26 chadnu %fb\gÚ v.i./v.t. to throw up, to vomit chadnu %f*\gÚ v.t. to leave, to leave out chahari %xf/L shade, shelter, protection chahattar %xQ/ num. seventy-six, 76 chaisatthi %};&\7L num. sixty-six, 66 chaitaun %}^f}+ adj. sixth chakkinu %lSsgÚ v.i. to be deceived, to be astonished chakyaunu %sØfpgÚ v.t. to tell lies, to deceive chala %fnf n. skin chalnu %NgÚ v.t. to deceive, to trick chalphal %nkmn n. discussion, debate chalphal garnu %nkmn ugÚ{ v.t. to discuss chamnu %fDgÚ v.t. to touch, to feel chana %fgf n. roof

36 chanavin %fgjLg n. selection, search, scrutiny, choice chand %Gb n. meter, prosody, intention channe %fGg] n. filter, strainer channu %fGgÚ v.t. to choose, to select, to sieve chantyal %GYofn n. Chantyal [a Nepali nationality] chapakhana %fkfvfgf n. press, printing press chapanna %kGg num. fifty-six, 56 chapinu %flkgÚ v.i. to be published chapnu %fKgÚ v.t. to print, to publish charnu %gÚ{ v.t. to scatter, to disperse chata %ftf n. umbrella chati %ftL n. chest, breast, bravery, courage chatra %fq n. scholar, disciple, pupil chatravas %fqfjf; n. hostel, boarding house, lodging chattis %QL; num. thirty-six, 36 chaunu %fpgÚ v.t. to cover, to roof chauro %fp/f] n. cub, puppy, kitten chaya %fof n. shade, shadow, reflection chayalis %ofnL; num. forty-six, 46 chayan %fof n. shade, shadow, reflection chayanabbe %ofgAa] num. ninety-six, 96 chayasi %of;L num. eighty-six, 86 cheknu %]SgÚ v.t. to stop, to hinder chetri %]qL n. Chetri, Kshatriya [the second highest class (varna) of the Hindu social hierarchy] chimeki l%d]sL n. neighbour chindi l%+*L n. cellar, basement chiraunu l%/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to go through chirkemirke l%s]{lds]{ adj. spotted chirnu l%gÚ{ v.i. to go through, to bore through chito l%^f] adj. quick, smart

37 chodnu %f]*\gÚ v.t. to leave, to leave out, to abandon, to relinquish, to give up chopnu %f]KgÚ v.t. to cover, to hide chori %f]/L n. daughter choro %f]/f] n. son choto %f]&f] adj. short, small, condensed chunu %ÚgÚ v.t. to touch churavaji %Ú/fjfhL n. exchange of dagger-blows chuskar %Ú:s/ n. tell-tale, backbiter chutkara %Ú^sf/f n. release, freedom, rescue chutnu %Ú^\gÚ v.i. to be left, to separate chuvachut %Újf%'t n. untouchability, contamination cihan lrxfg n. grave, graveyard, cemetry, tomb, burial ground cijbij lrhlah n. goods, furniture, wares cikitsa lrlsT;f n. treatment, remedy, medication, therapy cikitsalaya lrlsT;fno n. hospital, dispensary cil rLn n. eagle cimotnu lrdf]&^gÚ v.t. to pinch, to nip cin rLg n. China cinari lrgf/L n. identity, acquaintance, intimacy, familiarity cinaunu lrgfpgÚ v.t. to introduce, to cause to recognize ciniyan lrglof adj. Chinese cinnu lrGgÚ v.t. to recognize, to know, to identify, to distinguish cinta lrGtf n. woory, anxiety, care, concern, reflection cintan lrGtg n. thinking, study, reflection, contemplation, meditation cintit lrlGtt adj. sad ciplo lrKnf] adj. slippery cirnu lrgÚ{ v.t. to split, to rip up ciso lr;f] adj. cold, wet, moistened, damp ciso pani lr;f] kfgL n. cold water

38 cithi lr&L n. letter, written message citra lrq n. picture, painting, illustration, image citta lrQ n. mind, feeling, spirit, heart, attention, memory, thought cittha lr^\&f n. lottery, game of chance citthi lr^\&L n. letter, written message cituva lrt'jf n. leopard, panther ciundo lrp*f] n. chin ciura lrp/f n. flattened rice, beaten rice ciya lrof n. tea cod-patra rf]*–kq n. written consent of divorce, quitclaim cok rf]s n. courtyard cokhinu rf]lvgÚ v.i. to be pure cor rf]/ n. thief, robber, swindler cornu rf]gÚ{ v.t. to steal cot rf]^ n. wound, bruise, hurt, mental agony cucuro rÚrÚ/f] n. peak, summit, highest point cuda r'*f n. crown, crest cudamani r'*fdl)f n. a kind of valuable ornament or jewel worn on the head cuhinu rÚlxgÚ v.i. to drip, to leak cuhunu rÚxÚgÚ v.i. to drip, to leak culensi rÚn]+;L n. a curved instrument for cutting and preparing vegetables for cooking culo rÚnf] n. cooking place, stove cultho rÚN&f] n. plaited hair, interwoven hair cumnu rÚDgÚ v.t. to kiss, to caress cuna rÚgf n. lime cunauti rÚgf}tL n. challenge cunav rÚgfj n. election, selection cunavi rÚgfjL adj. electoral cup lagnu r'k nfUgÚ v.i. to be quiet curot rÚ/f]^ n. cigarette cusnu rÚ:gÚ v.t. to suck

39 cutai rÚ^fO n. beating, thrashing cutnu rÚ^\gÚ v.t. to thrash, to beat cyankhla RofVnf n. ground corn cyatnu RofTgÚ v.t. to tear cyau Rofp n. mushroom dabau bafp n. pressure dabi bfaL n. claim, demand dadhnu *(\gÚ v.i. to burn, to be burnt up dadu *f*Ú n. ladle daguraunu buÚ/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to run dagurnu buÚgÚ{ v.i. to run, to hasten, to race daha bx n. pond, lake dahi bxL n. yoghurt dahine bflxg] adj. right dahri bfx|L n. beard dai bfO n. elder brother dailo b}nf] n. door, gate, passage, entrance daju bfhÚ n. elder brother dajyu bfHo' n. elder brother daknu *fSgÚ v.t. to call, to invite daksha bIf adj. dexterous, able, astute dakshin koriya blIf)f sf]l/of n. Südkorea dal bfn n. different kinds of lentils dal bn n. party, group, crowd dalal bnfn n. broker, tout, middleman dalbal bnan n. the whole party, army, strenght dalbandi bnaGbL n. party politics, group politics dalcini bfnrLgL n. cinnamon dalit blnt n. Dalit, untouchable (as seen by the Bahuns) dallo *Nnf] n. round thing, cloth, lump dalo *fnf] n. basket dalpati bnklt n. party leader, chief, commander dalvihinata bnljxLgtf n. independence from party,

40 non-party daman bdg n. suppression, oppression dampati bDklt n. husband and wife damphu *Dkm" n. a kind of drum dan bfg n. donation, gift, religious gift, contribution danda *f*f n. hill, hillock, pole of a roof danda *f* n. fine, penalty, punishment dandalnu **fNgÚ n. back dandi *f*L n. pole, staff (of a palanquin) dando *f*f] n. hill, hillock, the pole of a roof danphe *fkm] n. the nine-coloured Himalayan pheasant [the National Bird of Nepal] dant bft n. tooth dant majhnu bft df´\gÚ v.t. to clean teeth dant malnu bft dNgÚ v.t. to clean teeth dant maskaunu bft d:sfpgÚ v.t. to clean teeth dantko burus bftsf] aÚ?; n. tooth brush dantmanjan bGtdGhg n. tooth paste danuvar bgÚjf/ n. Dhanuwar [a Nepali nationality] dapha bkmf n. section of a law dar */ n. fear, dread, alarm, risk, danger daraj b/fh n. cupboard daraunu */fpgÚ v.i. to frighten, to be frightened darbar b/af/ n. palace, royal court dari bf/L n. beard dari b/L n. cotton rug daridra bl/b| adj. poor, needy, penurious darim bfl/d n. pomegranate darja bhf{ n. class, standard, position, rank darjan bh{g n. dozen darjiling nfhL{lnª n. Darjeeling darlagdo */nfUbf] adj. dreadful, terrible, dangerous

41 darle */n] out of fear darshan bz{g n. audience, appearance, vision das b; num. ten, 10 das bf; n. slave, servant, dependent dasana *;gf n. cotton rug for lying on, mattress dasaun b;f}+ adj. tenth dashak sarvanam bzs ;j{gfd n. demonstrative pronoun dasi b;L n. proof, evidence dasta bf;tf n. slavery, servitude, bondage dastavej b:tj]h n. document, deed data bftf giver, donor, benefactor datri sanstha bft[ ;+:yf n. donor agency daudaha bf}*fxf n. touring, travelling, inspection daura bfp/f n. firewood, fuel, dried wood dava bfjf n. claim, demand daya bof n. kindness, favour, mercy, pity, sympathy daya aunu bof cfpgÚ to pity, to feel pity dayan bfof adj. right dayaniya bogLo adj. pitiable, arousing pity debre b]a]| adj. left, reverse, opposite dedh baje *]( ah] adv. half past one dekhaunu b]vfpgÚ v.t. to show dekhi b]lv postp. from, after, owing to dekhinu b]lvgÚ v.i. to be seen, to appear dekhnu b]VgÚ v.t. to see dera *]/f n. residence, booth, camp desh b]z n. land, country, region deshantar b]zGt/ n. terrestrial longitude; foreign country deshbhakta b]zeQm n. patriot deshbhakti b]zelQm n. patriotism deshraksha b]z/Iff n. national defence devar b]j/ n. husband's younger brother

42 devarani b]j/fgL n. husband's younger brother's wife devata b]j^f n. god dhadas (f*; n. encouragement, hope, assurance dhago wfuf] n. thread dhakane (sg] n. rice fried in butter and cooked in milk dhakdhakyaunu (s(sØfpgÚ v.t. to push down, to tap dhaknu (fSgÚ v.t. to hide, to cover, to conceal dhamilo wldnf] adj. dim, not clear, dirty, muddy dhamki wDsL n. threatening, threat, reproof dhan wg n. wealth, property, riches dhan wfg n. unhusked Reis dhanca (frf n. design, way, method, make up, manner dhandha wGwf n. occupation, business, profession dhandhali wfwnL n. chaos, chaotic state dhani wfgL adj. golden dhani wgL adj. rich dhaniyan wlgof n. coriander dhaniyanko sag wlgofsf] ;fu n. coriander green dhantnu (f^\gÚ v.i. to tell a lie, to deceive dhapaunu wkfpgÚ v.t. to drive away, to chase dhara wf/f n. water tap, torrent, current of water dharahara w/x/f n. tower dharan wf/)f n. holding, wielding dharana wf/)ff n. determination, thought, memory dharatal w/ftn n. surface (of the earth) dharke ws]{ adj. striped dharma wd{ n. religion, duty, creed, faith dharmadeva wdb]j n. Dharmadeva [a Licchavi king, father of Manadeva I] dharmadhikari wdf{lwsf/L n. an official responsible for jurisdiction dharmagranth wd{u|Gy n. religious text

43 dharmashala wd{zfnf n. resthouse [for religious puposes] dharmavacak nam wd{jfrs gfd n. abstract noun [ling.] dharmik wld{s adj. religious, related to dharma dharmik sthan wld{s :yfg n. religious centre dharna wgf{ n. the act of waiting for something dharo wf/f] n. spring of water, current of water, stream of people dhatu wftÚ n. metal dhau wfp n. ore dherai w]/} adj. much, many, a lot dherai aghi w]/} cl# adv. long time ago dherai logne hunu w]/} nf]Ug] xÚgÚ comp. to practice polyandry dherai vivaha w]/} ljjfx n. polgamy dherai vivaha garnu w]/} ljjfx ugÚ{ comp. to practice polygamy dheraijaso w]/}h;f] adj. many, a lot dhiki l(sL n. a machine for husking rice dhimal lwdfn n. Dhimal [a Nepali nationality] dhindo l(+*f] n. boiled flour paste dhoka (f]sf n. door, gate, gateway dhukka (ÚSs adj. free from axiety, secure dhukur ('ÚsÚ/ n. dove dhukuti ('ÚsÚ^L n. barn, storehouse, treasury dhunga (Ú+uf n. stone dhup w"k n. sun, sunshine, incence dhusro wÚ;|f] adj. ash-coloured, grey dhvanse Wjf;] adj. dark-brown, soot-coloured dhyan Wofg n. meditation, contemplation didi lbbL n. elder sister digo bLuf] adj. sustainable din lbg n. day dinahun lbgxÚ adj. daily dinbhari lbgel/ for the whole day dinu lbgÚ v.t. to give dirgha bL#{ adj. large, wide, tall, huge, deep

44 dirghakalin bL#{sfnLg adj. sustained, chronic, long term disha lbzf n. direction diunso lbp;f] adv. at the day time divas lbj; n. day dobar bf]a/ adj. double, twice, twofold dohori bf]xf]/L adj. pertaining to both sides doklo bf]Snf] adj. double doko *f]sf] n. a big basket carried on the back doreto *f]/]&f] n. footpath, way to walk dori *f]/L n. cord, rope dosi bf]ifL adj. defective, faulty, guilty, sinful dosro bf];|f] adj. second dravyavacak nam b|Jojfrs gfd n. material noun dristi b[l:& n. sight, vision, looking dristikon b[l:&sf])f n. viewpoint, visual angle dublaunu bÚAnfpgÚ v.i. to get thin, to be weak dublo bÚAnf] adj. weak, thin, lean, skiny dubnu *ÚAgÚ v.i. to drown, to sink dubulki marnu *'ÚaÚNsL dfgÚ{ v.t. to take the plunge dudh bÚw n. milk dugdha bÚUw n. milk dugdhasar bÚUw;f/ n. cheese dugurnu bÚuÚgÚ{ v.i. to run duhkhi bÚMvL adj. sad duhunu bÚxÚgÚ v.t. to milk dui bÚO{ num. two, 2 dura bÚ/f n. Dura [a Nepali nationality] duragraha bÚ/fu|x n. prejudice, improper attempt durdarshita b'/blz{tf n. far-sightedness, prudence, sagacity durgam bÚu{d adj. remote dursancar bÚ/;rf/ n. telecommunication durvavahar bÚj{jxf/ n. misconduct, misbehaviour dusti b'l:t adj. defective, corrupted,

45 defiled, contaminated, polluted dut b't n. ambassador, massenger, courier dvandva åFb n. couple, duel, quarrel dvara åf/f postp. from, by dvija låh n. twice-born, Brahman, oviparous dvitiya purus vacak låtLo kÚ?if jfrs n. second person [ling.] dvitiyardha låtLofw{ n. second half dyotak Bf]ts adj. making clear, showing, manifesting, enlightening, indicating e P int. hey! listen! eghara P#f/ num. eleven, 11 egharaun P#f/f}+ adj. eleventh ejan Phg ditto, loc cit. ek Ps num. one, 1 ek baji Ps aflh adv. once ek chin Ps l%g adv. for a moment, for a short time ek coti Ps rf]l^ adv. once ek khep Ps v]k adv. once ek na ek Ps g Ps one or other ek palta Ps kN& adv. once ek saya dui Ps ;o bÚO{ num. one hundred and two, 102 ek saya ek Ps ;o Ps num. one hundred and one, 101 ekaarkalai Psfcsf{nfO{ adv. each other ekabihana Psflaxfg adv. very early in the morning ekadeshma Psfb]zdf in any country ekaki PsfsL adj. alone, solitary ekanabbe PsfgAa] num. ninety-one, 91 ekanta PsfGt n./adj. solitude, loneliness; alone, lonely ekanunna PsfpGg num. fifty-one, 51 ekasi Psf;L num. eighty-one, 81 ekatira Psflt/ adv. to one side, on the one hand

46 ekcalis PsrfnL; num. forty-one, 41 ekdam Psbd adv. very ekedami Ps]*dL n. academy ekhattar PsxQm/ num. seventy-one, 71 ekikaran PsLs/)f n. integration, amalgamation, unification ekikrit PsLs[t integrated, united, unified ekkai coti PSs} rf]l^ adv. at the same time, at once ekkais PSsfO{; num. twenty-one, 21 ekkasi PSsfl; adv. suddenly, at once, all at once eklai Psn} adv. alone, only eklauti Psnf}^L adj. monopolistic eklo PSnf] adj. lone, solitary, alone, single eknas Psgf; adj. similar, in the same way, monotonous, uniform, all the same ekohorinu Psf]xf]l/gÚ v.i. to concentrate on one thing only eksaro Ps;/f] adj. single, without cover, once eksatthi Ps;^\&L num. sixty-one, 61 ekta Pstf n. oneness, unity, union, sameness, solidarity ektak Ps^s adv. incessant, continuous ektis PstL; num. thirty-one, 31 ektrit Pslqt adj. united, gathered eproc Pk|f]r n. approach eshiyali PlzofnL adj. Asian esiyayi Pl;ofoL adj. Asian euta Pp^f adj. one [non-human] euta tukra jagga Pp&f ^Úqmf hUuf a small plot of land evamastu Pjd:t' adv. so be it; Amen evan Pj+ conj. and, as also gada ubf n. club, mace, bludgeon gadagad ubub adj. glad, happy, pleased, joyful gadar ub/ n. mutiny, rebellion, revolt gadda u@f n. soft and thick bed, mattress gaddar u@f/ adj. revolutionary

47 gaddar u@/ n. mud, dirt, swamp gaddar-posh u@/–kf]z n. door mat for rubbing off mud gaddi u@L n. throne, saddle cloth, cushion gaddu u@Ú n./adv. a bear's cub; useless, good for nothing, worthless gadgad ub\ub\ thick mud or any thick substance, muddy, swampy gadha uwf n. donkey, ass gadhapaccisi uwfklRr;L n. adolescence, an unexperienced age gadinarasing u*\*Lg/l;ª adj. enthroned, installed as king gadnu uf*\gÚ v.t. to bury gadryak-gudruk ub\¥ofs–uÚb|'s n. sound produced by the trampling of feet or hoofs gadryamma ub\¥ofDd n. terrible sound produced by the fall of heavy things gadya uB n. prose, ordinary writing gadya-kavita uBsljtf n. prose poetry gadya-kavya uBsfJo n. prose, belles lettres gagri ufu|L n. a metal water-vessel gagro ufu|f] n. a large earthenware or metal jar for water gahak ufxs n. buyer, customer, purchaser gahaki ufxsL n. buyer, customer, purchaser gahat uxt n. lentils gahiro ulx/f] adj. deep, profound, solemn gahraun ux|f}+ adj. heavy, weighty gahro ufx|f] adj. difficult, arduous, hard gahrungo ux|Ú+uf] adj. heavy, weighty gahun uxÚñ n. wheat gai ufO{ n. cow gaibastu ufO{j:tÚ n. cattle gaihra u}x| adj. all, whole gainda u}+*f n. rhinoceros gair sarkari sanstha u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf n. Non Government

48 Organization, NGO gairaprajatantrik u}/k|hftflGqs adj. undemocratic, non- democratic gajar ufh/ n. carrot gala ufnf n. cheeks galainca un}+rf n. carpet galat unt adj. wrong gali ufnL n. rebuke, abuse, reproof gali ufln n. rebuke, abuse, reproof gali garnu ufnL ugÚ{ v.t. to tell off, to insult galli uNnL n. lane, by-lane gamarkyaunu udSØf{pgÚ v.t. to clutch, to seize gambhir uDeL/ adj. deep, grave, far down ganagan ugug n. grumbling, murmuring, prattling ganaganahat ugugfx^ n. grumbling, murmuring, prattling ganaganaunu ugugfpgÚ v.i. to grumble, to mumur ganatantra u)ftGq n. republic, republican system of government ganathan ugyg n. idle talk, gossip, a long tale ganathanaunu ugygfpgÚ v.t. to talk nonsense, to gossip gandagi uGbuL n. filth, dirt, impurity gandha uGw n. smell, odour, stink, scent, perfume gandhadravya uGwb|Jo a sweet scented substance gandhak uGws n. sulphur, brim-stone gandhakshat uGwfIft n. sandal-wood, tice, etc. for puja gandharva uGwj{ n. a celestian or heavenly musician, a class of demi- god gandharva-ved uGwj{j]b n. science of Music gandharva-vidya uGwjljBf n. music, the science of music gandharva-vivaha uGwj{ljjfx n. a kind of marriage by mutual agreement, love marriage gandhi uGwL a perfumer, one who sells essences or scented oils, scented, perfumed, having a sweet smell

49 gandhik ulGws n. the scent of perfumery merchant gandyaulo u*Øfnf] n. earthworm gangato uu^f] n. crab ganja ufhf n. marijuana ganjagol uGhuf]n n. confusion, topsy-turvey, chaos ganji uGhL n. sweater, vest, jacket, undershirt ganjipha uGhLkmf n. a kind of playing cards or ist game gannu uGgÚ v.t. to count, to reckon, to deem gans ufñ; n. mouthful, morsel gansnu uf:gÚ v.t. to join together ganti uGtL n. number, reckoning, attendance gapashap ukzk n. prattle, tittle-tattle gapphad uKkm* prattler, braggart, tattler garaunu u/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to do garbha ue{ n. womb, foetus, embryo garerai chadnu u/]/} %f*\gÚ v.t. to perform at all cost garib u/La n./adj. poor, penniless, humble, needy garibi u/LaL n. poverty, penury, humility garjan-tarjan uh{gth{g n. threat, intimidation garjanu uh{gÚ v.i. to thunder, to roar, to bluster garmi udL{ n. heat, warmth garna chodnu ug{ %f]*\gÚ v.t. to stop to do something garna dinu ug{ lbgÚ v.t. ro allow to do something, to cause to do something garna thalnu ug{ yfNgÚ v.t. to start to do something garnu ugÚ{ v.t. to do garo uf/f] n. wall gate ut] n. date [according to the Nepali calendar] gatha ufyf n. story, tale, verse, song, lay gathakar ufyfsf/ n. author of a narrative tale gathan u&g n. formation, construction; act

50 of building,modelling or shaping gathaso uyf;f] n. long tale of oneself, nonsense gati ult n. speed, motion, movement, condition, circumstance, position gatihara ultxf/f adj. lazy, sedentary, idle, stagnant gatiman ultdfg n. speed, movement, full motion gatishil ultzLn n. speed, movement, full motion gatividhi ultljlw n. activity, movements, frequentation, state of things, position of progress gatta uQ adj. hopeless, having nothing gattam uQd adj. hopeless, having nothing gatvar uTj/ adj. transitory, perishable, mortal gaun ufp n. village gaun uf})f adj. secondary, subordinate, indirect, inferior, expressing associate quality gaun vikas samiti ufp ljsf; ;ldlt n. Village Development Committee, VDC gaunghar ufp#/ n. neighbour, villager gaunnivasi ufplgjf;L n. villager gaunthali uf}+ynL n. swallow gayab ufoa adj. missing, vanished, dissappeared geru u]? adj. ochre, red-brown ghadi #*L n. clock, watch ghailo #}nf] n. a large water-vessel, a huge pitcher ghaite #fOt] adj. hurt gham #fd n. sunshine, heat of the sun ghan #g n. large hammer, cloud, solidity ghana #gf adj. thik, dense, solid, grumous ghanta #)^ n. clock, watch ghantaghar #)^#/ n. clocktower

51 ghanti #f^L n. throat, mountain pass, vale ghar #/ n. house ghar hernu #/ x]gÚ{ to run the household, to do the housework gharelu udyog #/]nú pBf]u n. cottage industry ghatak #^s n. factor, component, constitutent, ingredient ghatana #^gf n. incident, event, accident, episode ghataunu #^fpgÚ v.t. to cause to decrease, to subtract ghati #f^L n. throat, mountain pass, vale ghati #^L adj. less, few, little ghatnu #^\gÚ v.i. to decrease, to lesson, to decline ghatta #§ n. corn mill, water mill ghatu #f^Ú n. a Gurung dance ghau #fp n. wound, sore, hurt, injury, ulcer ghiu l#p n. melted butter ghoda #f]*f n. horse, pony, hammer of a gun ghoral #f]/n n. Himalayan wild goat ghosana #F]if)ff n. declaration, proclamation, announcement ghosanapatra #F]if)ffkq n. manifesto ghosit #f]lift adj. declared, proclaimed ghumnu #ÚDgÚ v.i. to move about, to roam, to turn round, to go around ghunda #Ú*f n. knee ghus #'; n. bribe, emolument, graft ghyampo £ofDkf] n. a large clay jar, a store-jar giddha lu$ n. vulture gija luhf n. gum gilo uLnf] adj. soft, overripe, overcooked girnu lugÚ{ v.i. to fall, to drop, to come down, to be degraded glas Unf; n. glass gobar uf]a/ n. cowdung [used as plaster on the floor of the house]

52 godam uf]bfd n. godown, storehouse, granery godamel uf]*d]n n. weeding, removal of weeds godavari uf]bfj/L n. Godavari [a village in Kathmandu valley] godnu uf]b\gÚ v.t. to beat severely godnu uf]*\gÚ v.t. to weed, to remove weeds gohi uf]xL n. crocodile golbhinda uf]lNe+*f n. tomato goli uf]nL n. a small ball, bullet goli gantho uf]nL uf&f] n. ankle bone golidvara mrityudanda uf]nLåf/f d[ToÚb)* n. death penalty by shooting goman sarp uf]dg ;k{ n. cobra gopalprasad rimal uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn n. Gopal Prasad Rimal [ a famous Nepali poet] gopya uf]Ko adj. confidential, secret, private goro uf]/f] adj. fair-complexioned, white [skin] goru uf]? n. ox [castrated] gosthi uf]i&L n. symposium, small assembly, discourse goth uf]& n. cowshed, byre graha u|x n. planet, evil star, eclipse grahan u|x)f n. acceptance, reception, act of receiving or holding gram u|fd n. village grenait u|]gfO^ n. granite griha u[x n. house, abode, residence, dwelling gulaphi uÚnfkmL adj. pink, rose-coloured guliyo uÚlnof] adj. sweet, sugary gumaraha uÚd/fx adj. misled, astray gumaunu uÚdfpgÚ v.t. to lose, to forfeit gun uÚ)f n. quality, virtue, merit, attainment gunabodhak uÚ)faf]ws adj. qualitative [gram.] gundri uÚGb|L n. mat made of rice, wheat or corn-straw gundruk uÚGb|Ús n. fermented and dried vegetables

53 gupta uÚKt adj. obscure, hidden, secret, private guptacar uÚKtr/ n. spy, emissary gupti uÚKtL n. spy, detective guru uÚ? n. spiritual teacher, master, guide gurung uÚ?ª n. Tamu, Gurung [a Nepali nationality] guruvar uÚ?jf/ n. Thursday guthi u"&L n. a religious or benevolent society, trust, pledge gyan !fg n. knowledge, intelligence, understanding, wisdom gyani !fgL n./adj. learned, intelligent, informed, erudite gyapan !fkg n. memorandum habba xAaf n. might, power, capacity, strength habbe xAa] n. might, power, capacity, strength hackanu xRsgÚ v.i. to get frightened, to hesitate, to be scared had xf* n. bone hade badam xf*] abfd n. almond hadpa x*\k n. confiscation, taking one's property illegally, misappropriation hadtal x*tfn n. strike, picket haisiyat x}l;ot n. ability, status, merit, capacity hajar xhf/ num. one thousand, 1,000 hajurama xhÚ/cfdf n. grandmother hajurba xhÚ/af n. grandfather [rural] hajurbuva xhÚ/aÚjf n. grandfather hajurmuma xhÚ/dÚdf n. grandmother [upper class] hak xs n. right, authority, claim hal xfn n./adj. present time, present condition, description halkhabar xfnva/ n. news current affair halla xNnf n. noise, turmoil, uproar, tumult halnu xfNgÚ v.t. to put, to serve

54 haluka xnÚsf adj. light (in weight) haluko xnÚsf] adj. light [weight] halungo xnÚéf] adj. light [weight] haluva xnÚjf n. flour boiled in water and mixed with butter and sugar haluvabed xnÚjfa]b n. a kind of sweet fruit hamala xdnf n. attack, invasion, assault hamro xfd|f] pron. our (m.) hango xfuf] n. branch, offspring haninu xflggÚ v.i. to run very fast, to fly very fast hanknu xfSgÚ v.t. to drive, to challenge, to exaggerate hannu xfGgÚ v.t. to strike, to shoot, to jump hans xf; n. duck, goose, swan hansa x+; n. soul, vital air, life; duck, swan, goose hansaunu x+;fpgÚ v.t. to cause to laugh hanseuli x;]pnL n. laughter, joke, jest, fun, spott hansilo xl;nf] adj. humerous, cheerful, frolicsome, jolly, jovial, gay, merry hans-kukhura palan xf;sÚvÚ/f kfng n. poultry farming hanso xf;f] n. laughter, laugh hanssi x:;L n. laughter, joke, fun hara x/ adj. every, everyone haraunu x/fpgÚ v.i. to lose, to defeat harayo x/fof] it has got lost harbakhat x/avt adv. always, ever hardam x/bd adv. always, ever hariya makai xl/of ds} n. corn on the cob hariyo xl/of] adj. green hartakarta xtf{stf{ n. one who is all in all, the Almighty hasil xfl;n adj. obtained, acquired hastagat x:tut adj. received, obtained hastakala x:tsnf n. handicraft, hand-work hastakshar x:tfIf/ n. signature, one's own

55 handwriting hastakshep x:tIf]k n. interference, interruption hat xft n. hand hat aunu xft cfpgÚ comp. to fall into someone's hands hat halnu xft xfNgÚ to lend a hand hatiyar xltof/ n. weapon hatkelo xTs]nf] n. palm hatnu x^\gÚ v.i. to retreat, to go away, to get out of the way hatteri xQ]/L adv. word used for expressing surprise or sorrow hatti xfQL n. elephant hatya xTof n. murder, killing, slaughter hava xjf n. air, wind, breeze hava xfjf n. air, wind, breeze havai xjfO{ adj. airy, relating to air havai jahaj xjfO{ hxfh n. airplane havai marg xjfO{ dfu{ n. air route havai-dank xjfO{*fs n. air letter, aerograph havajahaj xfjfhxfh n. aeroplane, airplane havan xjg n. fire sacrifice havapani xfjfkfgL n. climate, weather havas xj;\ o.k. [a word to indicate obedience] hemanta x]dGt n. late autumn, beginning of the cold season hernu x]gÚ{ v.t. to see, to look at, to watch herpher x]/km]/ n. change, exchange, alteration, transfer hijo lxhf] adv. yesterday hijo rati lxhf] /ftL adv. last night hijoaja lxhf]cfh adv. nowadays himalaya pradesh lxdfno k|b]z n. Himalayan region himarekha lxd/]vf n. snowline himasrot bhaeko nadi lxd;|f]t ePsf] gbL n. meltwater river him-marubhumi lxdd?e'ld n. tundra hina xLg adj. low, vile, inferior, degraded,

56 base, humble hindi lxGbL n. Hindi hindnu lx+*\gÚ v.i. to walk, to go, to move, to start, to set off hira xL/f n. diamond hit lxt n. gain, benefit hiun lxp n. snow hoco xf]rf] adj. short, low hodabaji xf]*afhL n. contest, gambling, betting hosh xf]z n. sense, sensibility, intelligence hosh garnu xf]z ugÚ{ v.t. to be cautious hoshiyar xf]lzof/ adj. cautious, careful hoshiyari xf]lzof/L n. cautiousness, carefulness, prudence hotel xf]^]n n. hotel hridaya x[bo n. heart, mind, will hukka xÚSsf n. water pipe, Hookka hulak adda xÚnfs c*\* n. post office hundi xÚlb postp. during huri xÚ/L n. strong wind, storm huri calnu xÚ/L rNgÚ to be stormy hyolmo xØf]ndf] n. Hyolmo [a Nepalese nationality] iccha OR%f n. wish, desire icchit OlR%t adj. desired, wished for icchuk OR%"s adj. interested ijjat OHht n. honour, status ikh O{v n. jealousy, envy, vengeance ikh phernu O{v km]g{" v.t. to take revenge ilaka Onfsf n. jurisdiction, possession, limit, area under control ilam Onfd n. Ilam (a district in Eastern Nepal) ilame Onfd] n. inhabitant of Ilam iman O{dfg n. truth, belief, faith, honesty imandar O{dfgbf/ adj. honest, trustworthy, faithful imandar Odfgbf/ adj. honest, faithful

57 imandari O{dfgbf/L n. honesty, faithfulness, integrity indonesia OG*f]g]l;of n. Indonesien indriya OlGb|o n. sense, sense organ inklab OGSnfa n. revolution int O+{^ n. brick irada O/fbf n. wish, desire, will, plan, intention irsya O{iof{ n. jealousy, envy irsyalu O{iof{n" adj. jealous, envious ishara Ozf/f n. gesture, sign, indication, wink ishvar O{Zj/ n. God, the Lord iskus O:s"; n. a kind of vegetable ispat O:kft n. steel ista Oi^ adj. wished, desired itar Ot/ adj. other itihas Oltxf; n. history itihasik Oltxfl;s adj. historical itihaskar Oltxf;sf/ n. historian itrinu OlqgÚ v.i. to be mischievous, to talk mischievously about sex ityadi OTofbL conj. etcetera, etc. iyarphon Oo/kmf{g n. earphone, hearing-aid jado hf*f] n./adj. coolness, winter, chill, cold jaga hu n. foundation, ground work jagaran hfu/)f n. awakening, wakefulness jagat jut n. universe, the world jagga hUUff n. landland, field, estate jagir hfuL/ n. employment, Job, service, monthly salary, wages jagnu hfUgÚ v.i. to wake up, to be alert, to be angry jahaj hxfh n. ship, vessel jahan hxf pron. where jahan hxfg n. family, members of the family jal hn n. water

58 jalaunu hnfpgÚ v.t. to set fire to jali hfnL n./adj. 1. forgerer, netting, web, film; imitated, forged jalnu hNgÚ v.i. to burn, to be kindled jal-shakti hnzlQm n. water power jalvayu hnjfo" n. climate jalvayuko prabhav hnjfo"sf] k|efj n. climatical influence jal-vibhajak hnljefhs n. watershed jama hfd n. congestion, dregs, rusts jama hdf adv. tol, in sum, altogether jamaunu hdfpgÚ v.t. to make solid, to freeze jamin hdLg n. land, field jamma hDdf adv. tol, in sum, altogether jamnu hDgÚ v.i. to be frozen jana hgf n. (counting word for persons) jana-andolan hgcf+bf]ng n. popular movement, people's movement janacetana hgr]tgf n. ethnic consciousness, national consciousness janaganana hgu)fgf n. census janai hg} n. sacred thread of a Brahman jana-jagaran hghfu/)f n. popular awakening, renaissance janajati hghflt n. ethnic group, nationality janajivan hghLjg n. public life, public living janakari hfgsf/L n. knowledge, information janapakshiya hgkIfLo adj. related to the people janapravad hgk|jfb n. hearsay, rumour, common talk jana-sahabhagita hg;xeflutf n. popular participation janasamaksha hg;dIf comp. in public janasankhya hg;+Vof n. population janashruti hg>"lt n. rumour, hearsay, common talk janasvasthya hg:jf:Yo n. public health janata hgtf n. people, public, mass, mankind janatantravad hgtGqjfb n. democracy

59 janatantrik hgtlGqs adj. democratic, democratical janavad hgjfb n. a political principle in which the supreme administrator must be elected by common people janavar hgfj/ n. animal, beast janc hfr n. exam, test jancnu hfRgÚ v.t. to test, to examine jand hf* n. beer jangal jamaune kam h+un hdfpg] sfd n. afforestation, reafforestation jangal tayar parne h+un tof/ kfg]{ n. afforestation, reafforestation jangali hénL adj. savage, wild, beastly janieko hflgPsf] adj. known janjal h~hfn n. worldly domestic affairs, family, wife and children janma hGd n. birth, life, nativity, production janmabhumi hGde'ld n. birthplace janmadar hGdb/ n. birth rate janmadata hGdbftf n. father, progenitor, producer janmanu hGdgÚ v.i. to be born janmat hgdt n. public opinion janmathalo hGdynf] n. birth-place, place where born janmaunu hGdfpgÚ v.t. to give birth to janmeko hGd]sf] adj. born jannu hfGgÚ v.t. to know, to understand jantantra hgtGq n. people's democracy janto hftf] n. handmill for grinding corn etc. janu hfgÚ v.i. to go japan hfkfg n. Japan japnu hKgÚ v.t. to mutter prayers, to repeat mantra or prayer, to tell beads jarayo h/fof] n. a kind of deer jari hf/L adj. proceeding, continued, current, in force

60 jarimana h/Ldfgf n. fine, punishment, money penalty jarivana h/Ljfgf n. fine, punishment, money penalty jaruri h?/L adj. urgent, immediate jasta h:tf n. tin jastai h:t} conj. as for example, i.e., like jasto h:tf] conj. as for example, i.e., like jasto dekhincha h:tf] b]lvG% comp. it looks like jasto sunincha h:tf] ;"lgG% comp. it sounds like jat hft n. class, caste, kind, sort jati hlt adv. that much, about jativacak nam hfltjfrs gfd n. generic term jatiya hftLo adj. national, pertaining to the nation jatpat hftkft n. caste system jau hf} n. barley javab hjfa n. answer javan hjfg n. young man, youth javaph hjfkm n. answer javaphdehi hjfkmb]xL n. responsibility, accountability, obligation jaya ho n. victory, conquest, triumph, gain, profit jayaprakash malla hok|sfz dNn n. Jayaprakash Malla [the last Malla king of Kathmandu] jehandar h]xGbf/ adj. intelligent, wise jel h]n n. jail, prison jeth h]& n. second month of the Nepali year [May-June] jethaju h]&fh" n. husband's elder brother jethan h]&fg n. elder brother' wife jethani didi h]&fgL lbbL n. husband's elder brother's wife jethi sasu h]&L ;f;" n. wife's elder sister jetho h]&f] n. eldest [of brothers] jhagada ´u*f n. quarrel, dispute, squabble jhalkanu ´NsgÚ v.i. to mshine, to glitter, to glisten

61 jhalmal ´ndn adj. bright, resplendent, brilliant jhamtanu ´D^gÚ v.t. to spring upon, to assault jhan ´g adv. more jhan jhan ´g ´g more and more jhanda ´)*f n. flag, banner jhangad ´fu* n. Jhangad [a Nepalese nationality] jhantnu ´f^\gÚ v.t. to thresh (paddy), to rebuke jharnu ´gÚ{ v.i. to fall, to descend, to go down jhaskanu ´:sgÚ v.i. to be startled, to get frightened all of a sudden, to feel sudden alarm jhiknu l´SgÚ v.t. to take out, to take off jhinge macha l´+u] df%f n. shrimp jhingo k´+uf] n. fly, housefly jhol ´f]n n. broth, soup jhuknu ´"SgÚ v.i. to bow down, to stoop jhunda ´")*f n. group, assembly, bond jhutho ´'&f] adj. untrue, false jhuto ´'^f] adj. untrue, false jhyal ´\ofn n. window jhyalkhana ´\ofnvfgf n. jail, prison jibro lha|f] n. tongue jilla lhNnf n. district jilla pramukh adhikari lhNnf k|d'v clwsf/L n. Chief District Officer, CDO jilla vikas samiti lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt n. District Development Committee, DDC jimma lhDdf n. responsibility, care, custody jimmevari lhDd]jf/L n. responsibility jindagi lhGbuL n. life jira hL/f n. cumin jirel lh/]n n. Jirel [a Nepalese nationality] jit hLt n. victory, triumph, success jitnu lhTgÚ to win jiu hLp n. body, person, frame jiundo lhpbf] adj. living, alive, lively

62 jiunu lhpgÚ v.i. to live jivajantu hLjhGt" n. living being, animal jivan hLjg n. life, existence, animation jivani hLjgL n. life-story, biography jivanshaili hLjgz}nL n. way of life, habits, lifestyle jivjantu hLjhGt" n. animal, living being joban hf]ag n. youth, puberty, flower of youth jod hf]* n. power, strength; join, addition, total, the sum total jodi hf]*L n. couple jodnu hf]*\gÚ v.t. to add, to join joi hf]O{ n. wife [rural] jokhnu hf]VgÚ v.t. to weigh jotnu hf]TgÚ v.t. to plow, to harness juhar h"xf/ n. jewel, jewellery, gem juka h"sf n. leeches, tapeworms juktanu h"QmgÚ v.i. to be forthcoming, to be collected, to be united, to be entangled julus h"n"; n. procession, marching jumra h"d|f n. lice jun h'g n. moon jun h"g pron. which, whichever junaph h"gfkm n. presence junar hÚgf/ n. orange junelo hÚg]nf] n. large millet junga hÚuf n. moustache junkiri h'gsL/L n. firefly junsukai hÚg;Ús} pron. whichever, whatsoever juramuraunu hÚ/dÚ/fpgÚ v.i. to be active, to be alert jut hÚ^ adj. group, party jutaunu hÚ^fpgÚ v.t. to collect, to gather juthyaunu hÚ&ØfpgÚ v.t. to get dirty, so soil jutnu hÚ^\gÚ v.i. to be collected, to be united

63 jutta hÚQf n. shoe, slipper, boot juva hÚjf n. game, gamble juva khelnu hÚjf v]NgÚ to gamble jvain HjfO n. daughter's husband, son- in-law jyada Hofbf adj. too much, in excess, excessive jyadai Hjfb} adj. extremely jyestha Ho]i& n. second month of the Nepali year (May-June) jyotirvidya Hof]ltlj{B n. astronomy, astrology jyotis Hof]ltif n. astronomy, astrology jyotisi Hof]ltifL n. astrologer, astronomer kabja sAhf n. possession, occupation kacauro srf}/f] n. cup kachuva s%Újf n. turtle, tortoise kacinggal slr+un n. quarrel kada s*f adj. hard, harsh, cruel, unkind kadam sbd n. step, footstep kadar sb/ n. respect, value, appreciation kag sfu n. crow, raven kagati sfutL n. lime kahalaunu sxnfpgÚ v.i. to be called, to be famous kahan sxf pron. where? in what place? kahan pani sxf klg adv. nowhere, not anywhere kahani sxfgL n. saying, proverb, story kahile slxn] pron. when? at what time? kahile kahin slxn] sxL+ adv. sometimes, from time to time kahin sxL+ adv. wherever kahin kahin sxL+ sxL+ adv. at some places, in many a place kahinlo sflx+nf] n. fourth eldest [of brothers] kaid s}b n. imprisonment, jail kaid garnu s}b ugÚ{ v.t. to arrest kaidi s}bL n. prisoner, captive, convict kaidkhana s}bvfgf n. prison, jail

64 kailo s}nf] adj. light-brown [hair] kainyo sfOof] n. comb kaiphat s}kmt n. statement, remark, description kaiphiyat s}lkmot n. statement, remark, description kaiyaun s}of}+ adj. innumerable, many, several kaiyun s}o" adj. innumerable, many, several kaj sfh n. work, duty, job, occupation kaju sfh' n. cashew nut kaka sfsf n. father's brother kakh sfv n. position formed while sitting cross-legged on the floor, side of the body above the hip, lap kakhi sfvL n. arm-pit kaki sfsL n. father's brother's wife kakrinu slqmgÚ v.i. to become stiff by cold, to be numbed kakryaunu sqmØfpgÚ v.t. to make numbed kal sfn n. time, period, era, age, season, death kala snf n. art, craft, technics kalaha snx n. quarrel, scramble, dispute, fray kalakar snfsf/ n. artist, technician kalakaushal snfsf}zn n. state of being skilful kale sfn] n. a dark skinned human being kaleji sn]hL adj. dark-red kalejo sn]hf] n. liver kaligad sflnu* n. artisan kalij sflnh n. pheasant kalilo slnnf] adj. ender, soft, delicate, young kalo sfnf] adj. black kalo dal sfnf] bfn n. black lentils kalo mas sfnf] df; n. black lentils kalpa sNk n. era kalpana sNkgf n. imagination, fiction,

65 supposition, assumption kalpanashakti sNkgfzlQm n. powers of imagination kalyan sNof)f n. welfare, good kalyanakari sNof)fsf/L adj. propitious, auspicious, beneficial, good kam sfd n. work, duty, job, occupation kam sd adj. little, less, small kam garnu sfd ugÚ{ v.t. to work kamai sdfO n. income, returns, mode of earning kamaunu sdfpgÚ v.t. to earn, to acquire wealth, to cultivate kamdar sfdbf/ n. worker, labourer, porter, helper kamej sd]h n. shirt kamero sd]/f] n. white clay used in painting walls kamilo sldnf] n. ant kamjori sdhf]/L n. weakness, debility, deficiency kamkaj sfdsfh n. business, occupation, work kammal sDdn n. blanket kammar sDd/ n. waist kamnu sfdgÚ v.i. to tremble, to shiver kamta sDtf adj. less, insufficient, short kamti sDtL adj. less, insufficient, short kan sfg n. ear kancat sGr& n. temple kanchi sfG%L n. last born female child, nice young girl kancho sfG%f] n. youngest [of brothers] kanco sfrf] adj. raw, unripe, immature kand sf)* n. chapter, branch, incident kandha sfw shoulder kandhinu sflwgÚ v.i. to be fatt [with eating] kando sf*f] n. thorn kanggal séfn adj. poor, penniless, penurious kanka loti sfGsf nf]tL n. ear lobes

66 kankro sfqmf] n. cucumber kano sfgf] adj. blind in one eye, one-eyed kanparo sGkf/f] n. temple kanso sf;f] n. bronze kanta sf^f n. fork kantipur sflGtkÚ/ Kantipur [an old name for Kathmandu] kanun sfg'g n. law, regulation kanun bamojit sfg'g adf]lht according to the law, in conformity with the law kapada sk*f n. cloth, clothing, apparel, wear kapal skfn n. hair of the head, head kapal kornu skfn sf]gÚ{ v.t. to comb the hair kapal nuhaunu skfn gÚxfpgÚ v.t. rinse hair kaphal sfkmn n. a fruit like strawberry but with a hard pit kaphi skmL n. coffee kapnu sKgÚ v.t. to carve, to chisel kar sf/ n. car kar s/ n. tax kara sf/f n. imprisonment, confinement karadanda sf/fb)* n. prison sentence karagar sf/fuf/ n. prison, jail karagriha sf/fu[x n. prison, jail karai s/fO{ n. cooking pot [with a wide mouth] karamat s/fdt n. miracle karan sf/)f n. cause, motive, purpose, reason, occasion, origin karaunu s/fpgÚ v.i. to shout karavas sf/fjf; n. prison sentence kardata s/bftf n. tributory, tax-paying, tax- payer karelo s/]nf] n. a bitter vegetable, bitter gourd karib s/La adv. almost, aproximately karigar sf/Lu/ n. artisan karkhana sf/vfgf n. workshop, factory,

67 manufactory karma sd{ n. deed, act, work karmacari sdf{rf/L n. employee, officer karod s/f]* num. crore, 10 million, 10.000.000 kartavya st{Jo n. duty, task kartik sflt{s n. seventh month of the Nepali year (October- November) karuva s?jf n. brass pot with a spout karya sfo{ n. action, act, duty, occupation, profession, function, role karya samiti sfo{ ;ldlt n. working committee karyakarini sfo{sfl/)fL adj. executive karyakram sfo{qmd n. programme, schedule karyalaya sfof{no n. workshop, office karyanvayan sfof{Gjog n. execution, implementation karyapalika sfo{kflnsf n. executive karyashala sfo{zfnf n. workshop kasari s;/L pron. how? in what way? kasaundi s;f}+*L n. cooking pot [with a narrow mouth] kasle lagyo? s:n] nfUof] < comp. who has taken it? kasnu s:gÚ v.t. to tighten, to pull firmly kast si^ n. pain, distress, trouble, hardship kasturi s:t'/L n. muskdeer katahar s^x/ n. jack fruit kataunu s^fpgÚ v.t. to cause to be cut, to cause to be beheaded katauro s^f}/f] n. cup katha syf n. story, tale, fable, narrative katha halnu syf xfNgÚ comp. to tell a story kathan syg n. utterance, narration, statement kathin sl&gÚ adj. difficult, hard, arduous, not easy kathinai sl&gfO{ n. difficulty kathit slyt adj. said, narrated, told

68 kathor s&f]/ adj. hard, harsh, rigid, unkind, cruel kati slt pron. how much? how many? kati baje ? slt ah] < comp. at which time? kati bajyo? slt aHof] < comp. what's the time? kati bhayo? slt eof] < comp. how much is it? katima? sltdf < comp. for how much? katinu sfl^gÚ v.i. to be cut katipaya sltko adj. some, few katnu sf^\gÚ v.t. to cut, to chop, to cancel kattar s§/ adj. diehard, orthodox kauli sfpnL n. cauliflower kavi slj n. poet kavita sljtf n. poem kayam sfod adj. fixed, settled, firm, steady kayam garnu sfod ugÚ{ comp. to fix a date ke s] < pron. what? kehi s]xL adj. something kehi kurako anurodh s]xL s'/fsf] cgÚ/f]w ugÚ{ comp. to ask for, to request garnu kehi kurako mato s]xL sÚ/fsf] dtf] ldNgÚ comp. to agree upon, to arrange milnu kehi kurama anurodh s]xL sÚ/fdf cgÚ/f]w ugÚ{ comp. to ask for, to request garnu kehi kurama mato s]xL sÚ/fdf dtf] ldNgÚ comp. to agree upon, to arrange milnu kelaunu s]nfpgÚ v.t. to sift, to remove impurities kendrit s]lGb|t adj. centered kera s]/f n. banana kerau s]/fp n. pea kesari s];/L adj. saffron-coloured kesh s]z n. hair of the head ketaketima s]^fs]^Ldf comp. in childhood keti s]^L n. girl keto s]^f] n. boy keval s]jn adv. only, mere, all, whole

69 khabar va/ n. message khabarkagat va/sfut n. newspaper khacar vRr/ n. mule khada v*f adj. erect, upright khadkundo v*\sÚ*f] n. a very large cooking vessel with rings on two sides to hold khadukunlo v*ÚsÚnf] n. a very large cooking vessel with rings on two sides to hold khadyanna vfBfGg n. food grains khagat vfut n. paper khairo v}/f] adj. brown khaja vfhf n. snack khajasaja vfhf;fhf n. snack khajur vhÚ/ n. date khala vfnf n. the outer layer of skin khaldo vfN*f] n. valley, ditch, trench, pit, hole khali vfnL adj. only, mere, merely, alone khamba vDaf n. pillar, pole, post khanaunu vgfpgÚ v.t. to cause to be dug khanci vfrL n. Khanchi [one of the former mini stets of western Nepal] khanco vfrf] n. requirement, need, necessity khand v)* n. part, section, chapter, division, piece, canto khandan v)*g n. refutation, rebuttal, repudiation, denial khandit vl)*t adj. broken into pieces, split khanekura vfg] sÚ/f n. food khani vflg n. mine khanij vlgh n. minerals khanij padartha vlgh kbfy{ n. mineral product khaninu vlggÚ v.i. to be poured out khannu vGgÚ v.t. to dig khanu vfgÚ v.t. to eat khanyaunu vGofpgÚ v.t. to pour out

70 khapat vkt n. consumption, sale, demand khappar vKk/ n. skull kharab v/fa adj. bad, wicked, spoiled, naughty kharab v/a num. 100 billion, 1.00.00.00.00.000 kharani v/fgL ashes, ash-coloured kharau v/fp n. wooden sandal, wooden slipper kharaunu v/fpgÚ v.t. to fry hard, to overparch kharayo v/fof] n. hare kharca vr{ n. expense, expenditure, disbursement, oulay kharidnu vl/*\gÚ v.t. to buy, to purchase kharij vfl/h adj. dismissed, rejected, discharged khas vf; adj. real, true, particular, proper khasaunu v;fpgÚ v.t. to cause to fall khasi v;L n. castrated he-goat khasnu v:gÚ v.i. to fall, to die khasro v;|f] adj. rough, coarse, frank khat vf^ n. bed stead khatam vtd n. end, finish, conclusion, death khednu v]b\gÚ v.t. to chase khel v]n n. play, game kheladi v]nf*L n. player khelaunu v]nfpgÚ v.t. to cause to play khelnu v]NgÚ v.t. to play, to act kher v]/ n. time, length of time, destruction, loss, waste kheri v]l/ postp. during kheti v]tL n. agriculture, cultivation kheti garnu v]tL ugÚ{ v.t. to till the ground, to carry out agriculture khetikamai v]tLsdfO n. agricultural income kheti-pati v]tLkftL n. agriculture, cultivation khicadi lvr*L n. a mixture of rice and lentils cooked together

71 khicalo lvrnf] n. interference, meddling; disturbance, quarrel, turmoil khicolo lvrf]nf] n. meddling, quarrel, interference khir vL/ n. rice pudding khoi vf]O pron. where (is it) ? khoj vf]h n. search, quest, pursuit khoji vf]hL n. inquiry khojkhabar vf]hva/ n. trace, quest, search, enquiry khojnu vf]HgÚ v.t. to search kholnu vf]NgÚ v.i./v.t. to open, to unfasten, to explain, to annotate kholo vf]nf] n. small river khopo vf]kf] n. a small hole in the wall for keeping things khoriya vf]l/of n. uncultivated land, nature reserve khorsani vf];f{gL n. chilli, hot pepper khosuva vf];Újf n. thieve, one who snatches khudkila vÚ*\lsnf n. steps khukuri vÚsÚ/L n. a Nepalesed curved knife khumcinu vÚlDrgÚ v.i. to shrink khunda vÚ*f n. a kind of sword, a kind of scimitar khushi vÚzL pleasure, delight, cheerfulness, glad, happy khusi vÚ;L adj. happy khutrukka vÚqÚSs n. the sound produced by little articles when dropped khutto vÚ§f] n. leg khuvaunu vÚjfpgÚ v.t. to feed ki ls conj. or, either; word to denote interrogation or doubt kilakile lsnlsn] n. uvula kimbu lsDaÚ n. mulberry kina lsg pron. why? kinabhane lsgeg] conj. because kinamel garnu lsgd]n ugÚ{ v.t. to go shopping, to buy

72 kinnu lsGgÚ v.t. to buy kintu lsGtÚ conj. but, only, without kinvadanti ls+jbGtL n. rumour, hearsay, false report, popular talk, vague talk, tradition kira sL/f n. worm kiraya ls/fof n. hire, rent kiro sL/f] n. insect, worm kirtiman sLlt{dfg adj. renowned, famous, celebrated kisam ls;d n. kind, sort, class, species kisan ls;fg n. farmer, peasant kisim lsl;d n. kind, sort, class, species kismis ls;ld; n. raisins kisti ls:tL n. tray kitli lsTnL n. kettle kitnu ls^\gÚ v.t. to grind teeth, to gnash, to decide, to fix, to specify, to resolve kodali sf]bfnL n. spade (with short handle) kodalo sf]bfnf] n. spade (with long handle) kodo sf]bf] n. a kind of millet kohi sf]xL adj. anybody, anyone, someone koila sf]Onf n. coal koili sf]OnL n. cuckoo kop sf]k n. anger, wrath kop-bhajan sf]kefhg n. victim of anger kopila sf]lknf n. bud koriya sf]l/of n. Korea kornu sf]gÚ{ v.t. to scratch kos sf]; n. a measure of length (distance of about 2 miles) koshish sf]lzz n. endeavour, attempt, exertion, effort koshish garnu sf]lzz ugÚ{ v.t. to try kot sf]^ n. coat kotha sf]^f n. room kotparva sf]tkj{ n. (a histsorical event: Jang

73 Bahadur's coup of 1846 that brought the Rana family into power) kotparva pashcat sf]tkj{ kZrft after the coup of 1846 kotyaunu sf]^ØfpgÚ v.t. to prick, to scratch kram qmd n. series, chain, order, method kramashah qmdzM adj. step by step, by degree, serially, successively krambodhak qmdaf]ws n. ordinal number kramjor qmdhf]/ adj. weak, ineffective kranti qmflGt n. revolution, pace, movement, declination, invading, surpassing krishna paksha s[i)f kIf comp. dark fortnight, the phase of the waning moon krisi s[lif n. agriculture krisi utpadan s[lif pTkfbg n. agricultural production kritagya s[t! adj. thankful, grateful kriyakalap lqmofsnfk n. functions, rites, ceremonies kriyapad lqmofkb n. verb kriyayogi lqmofof]uL n. adverb kshamata Ifdtf n. ability, capacity, might, power kshetra If]q n. file, plot of land, area kshetraphal If]qkmn n. products of the land, field crops, area kucakra sÚrqm n. intrigue, a secret plot kuco sÚrf] n. broom kucyaunu sÚRofpgÚ v.t. to crush kudnu sÚb\gÚ v.i. to run kuhino s'Úlxgf] n. elbow kuhuno sÚxÚgf] n. elbow kuhunu sÚxÚgÚ v.i. to rot kukhurako bhale sÚvÚ/fsf] efn] n. cock, rooster kukhurako pothi sÚvÚ/fsf] kf]yL n. hen kukhuri sÚvÚ/L n. hen kukhuro sÚvÚ/f] n. chicken kukur sÚsÚ/ n. dog

74 kul sÚn n. race, generation, family, clan, dynasty, parentage kumari sÚdf/L n. princess, unmarried women kun sÚg adj. which, what kuncahin sÚgrflx+ adj. which one? kund sÚ)* n. pond, tank kundnu sÚb\gÚ v.t. to hew, to carve kunni sÚlGg adv. I don't know, perhaps, maybe kuposan sÚkf]if)f n. malnutrition kura sÚ/f n. word, matter, affair, talk kurakani sÚ/fsfgL n. conversation, talk, chat kurauni sÚ/fpgL n. milk boiled down till nearly solid kurnu sÚgÚ{ v.t. to wait,to attend kursi sÚ;L{ n. chair kushal sÚzn n./adj. happiness, wellbeing; skilful, proficient, expert kushasan sÚzf;g n. bad government, maladministration kusti sÚ:tL n. wrestling kusti khelnu sÚ:tL v]NgÚ to wrestle kutapita sÚ^lk^ n. beating, exchange of blows kutnaitik kshetra sÚ^g}lts If]q n. strategical area kutnu sÚ^\gÚ v.t. to beat, to hit kuva sÚjf n. well kvartj Sjf^\{h n. quartz kyare Sof/] I suppose labh nfe n. value, profit, gain, earning, advantage lacar nfrf/ adj. unable, helpless, obliged ladain n*fO{+ n. war, battle, fighting, strife ladnu n*\gÚ v.i./v.t. to fight, to struggle, to fall down lagabhaga nueu adv. about, nearly, approximately, almost lagaeko nufPsf] adj. used lagani nufgL n. investment lagaunu nufpgÚ v.t. to use, to put on, to wear,

75 to set up, to cause to work lagayat nufot postp. including, together with laghukatha n#Úsyf n. short story laghu-katha n#Úsyf n. short story lagnu nfUgÚ v.i. to appear, to begin, to start, to join lagu nfuÚ adj. intoxicating, exciting lahad nx* n. entertainment, diversion of mind, amusement, joke lahad aunu nx* cfpgÚ to wish lahar nx/ n. ripple, small wave, surge, undulation lahari nx/fL n. ripple, small wave, surge, undulation laihernu nfOx]gÚ{ v.t. to try on [clothes] laijanu n}hfgÚ v.t. to carry, to take away laj nfh n. shame, shyness, modesty lajja nHhf n. shame, shyness, dishonour, ignominy, scandal, disgrace lakh nfv num. one hundred thousand, 1.00.000 lakkhan nSvg adj. one hundred thousand, 1.00.000 laksha nIf adj. one hundred thousand, 1.00.000 lakshmiprasad nIdfLk|;fb b]jsf]^f n. Lakshmi Prasad Devkota [a devkota famous Nepali poet] lakshya nIo n. aim, target, goal lalitpur nlntkÚ/ n. Lalitpur, Patan [a neighbouring town of Kathmandu] lam nfd n. a long line, a queue lamai ndfO n. length lamba nDaf adj. long lamkanu nDsgÚ v.i. to walk with long steps, to stride lamkhutte nfDvÚ§] n. mosquito lamo nfdf] adj. long lampasar nDk;f/ adj. prostrate, stretched out lamtann ndtGg adj. prostrate, stretched out

76 lanchana nfG%gf n. stigma, blame, slander lanu nfgÚ v.t. to take away, to remove lapakka nkSs adv. adhering, attaching, stricking lapsi nK;L n. a kind of sour fruit larbarinu na{l/gÚ v.i. to reel, to stagger, to sway lash nfz n. carcass, dead body lasun n;Úg n. garlic latanpatan n^gk^g n. deceit, fraud lataramma n^/Dd adj. in bunches, in clusters lato nf^f] adj. dumb latti nfQL n. kick launu nfpgÚ v.t. to put on (clothes), to ware lauro nf}/f] n. stick lek n]s n. hilly region, the higher slope of a mountain lekha n]v n. prose composition, writing, essay, article lekhak n]vs n. author, writer lekhinu n]lvgÚ v.i. to be written lekhnath paudyal n]vgfy kf}*Øfn n. Lekh Nath Paudyal [a famous Nepali poet] lekhpadh n]vk( n. reading and writing, study leninvad n]lggjfb n. Leninism licchavi lnR%lj n. Licchavi [an early ruling dynasty of the Kathmandu valley] licchavikal lnR%ljsfn n. Licchavi era ligalige lnulnu] n. uvula likhat lnvt adj. written likhit lnlvt adj. written lila nLnf n. a play, amusement, diversion lilam lnnd n. auction limbu lnDa' n. Limbu [a Nepali nationality] ling lné n. gender [gram.] linu lngÚ v.t. to take, to acquire, to accept lipi lnlk n. script, writing, handwriting

77 lobh nf]e n. greed, covetousness, temptation lobhi nf]eL adj. greedy, stingy, covetous logne nf]Ug] n. husband [common] lognemanche nf]Ug]dfG%] n. man, male person lognemanis nf]Ug]dflg; n. man, male person lohota nf]xf]&f n. a small metal water-pot lok nf]s n. world, the three worlds [heaven, earth, hell], people loktantra nf]stGq n. democracy luga nÚuf n. clothes, clothing luga dhunu nÚuf w'gÚ v.t. wash clothes luga lagaunu nÚuf nufpgÚ v.t. put on clothes luga launu nÚuf nfpgÚ v.t. put on clothes luga phernu nÚuf km]gÚ{ v.t. change clothes luga phukalnu nÚuf kmÚsfNgÚ v.t. take off clothes luga phukaunu nÚuf kmÚsfpgÚ v.t. take off clothes luknu nÚSgÚ v.i. to hide lvang Njfª n. clove lyaunu NofpgÚ v.t. to bring, to fetch ma df postp. in, at, on, among macan drfg n. stage maccinu dlRrgÚ v.i. to swing macha df%f n. fish macha marnu df%f dfgÚ{ v.t. to fish madat dinu dbt lbgÚ v.t. to help, to assist madhes dw]; n. the Tarai (the southern flat land along the Indian border) madhya-din dWo–lbg n. noon madhyakalin dWosfnLg adj. mediaeval madhyam dfWod n. medium madhyamik yug dfWolds oÚu n. middle ages madhyanha dWofGx n. noon madhyarat dWo/ft n. midnight

78 madhyavadhi nirvacan dWofjlw lgjf{rg n. mid-term elections madhye dWo] postp. amongin the middle, at the centre, in between, within, inside mag dfu n. demand, claim magaj duh n. brain magar du/ n. Magar [a Nepali nationality] magh df# n. tenth month of the Nepali year [January/February] magne dfUg] n. beggar magnu dfUgÚ v.t. to ask for maha dx n. honey mahadhiveshan dxflwj]zg n. general assembly, general meeting mahajan dxfhg n. moneylender, rich man, virtuous man mahakavi dxfslj n. great poet [a title for Bhanubhakta Acharya] mahal dxn n. palace mahango dxuf] adj. expensive mahasul dx;'n n. cess, tax, rate, custom, octroi mahasus dx;'; n./adj. feeling, experience, understanding mahatta dxQf n. greatness, magnitude, gravity, glory, importance mahattva dxj n. greatness, magnitude, gravity, glory, importance mahattvakanksha dxjsf+Iff n. high ambition, great desire mahattvakankshi dxjsf+IfL adj. ambitious mahattvapurna dxjk')f{ adj. superb, royal, regal, palmy, magnanimous, generous mahila dlxnf n. woman mahilo dflxnf] n. second eldest [of brothers] mahima dlxdf n. exaltation mahina dxLgf n. month mahina dlxgf n. month maida d}bf n. fine flour maidan d}bfg n. an open field maiju dfOh' n. mother's brother's wife

79 mailo d}nf] adj. dirty mailo dfOnf] n. second eldest [of brothers] main batti d}g aQL n. candle maina d}gf n. a name applied to several different sturnoid passerine birds of India and countries further east, belonging to the genera Acridotheres and Eulabes maiyan d}of n. princess; a word used affectionately for addressing a daughter maja dhf n. happiness, enjoyment, rejoicing majako dhfsf] adj. pleased, funny majha df´ n. middle, centre majhi df´L n. Majhi [a Nepali nationality] majhnu df´\gÚ v.t. to clean makai ds} n. corn, maize makal dsn n. a small moveable earthenware stove used for heating malai man parcha dnfO{ dg k%{ comp. I like malai man pardaina dnfO{ dg kb{}g comp. I don't like malai thah chaina dnfO{ yfxf %}g comp. I don't know malesiya dn]l;of n. Malaysia malilo dlnnf] adj. fertile, manured maltal dfntfn n. article, goods mama dfdf n. mother's brother man dg n. mind, thought, mental state, heart, feeling man aunu dg cfpgÚ to long, to wish manadeva dfgb]j n. Manadeva [name of several kings of the Licchavi era] manahi dgfxL n. prohibition, control manai dgfO{ n. prohibition, control mananiya dfggLo adj. honorable, respectable, venerable manasib dgfl;a adj. right, just, proper, reasonable, fit

80 manaunu dgfpgÚ v.t. to celebrate manav dfgj n. mankind, man, human being manavshastra dfgjzf:q n. anthropology manbodhak dfgaf]ws adj. honorific [grammar] manc d~r n. dais, raised platform, stage mancari d~r/L n. cluster of buds and flowers, flower bud manche dfG%] n. man, person mandro dfGb|f] n. large bamboo or cane mat mangal d+un n. the planet Mars mangalvar d+unjf/ n. Tuesday mangga dfu n. demand, requirement, requisition manglavar d+Unjf/ n. Tuesday mangoliya d+uf]lnof Mongolei mangsir d+u;L/ n. eighth month of the Nepali year [November/December] mani dfgL adj. respectable, respectful manis dflg; n. man, person mannu dfGgÚ v.t. to respect, to worship, to accept, to observe manoranjan dgf]/~hg n. amusement, entertainment, recreation manovigyan dgf]lj!fg n. psychology manovigyanik dgf]lj!flgs adj. psychological manparaunu dgk/fpgÚ v.t. to like, to approve, to prefer mansthiti dgl:ylt n. mental state mantavya dGtJo n. view, opinion, remark, note, comment mantralaya dGqfno n. ministery mantri dGqL n. minister manyata dfGotf n. recognition, validity, accredition mapdanda dfkb)* n. touchstone, standard maramar df/fdf/ n. fight marathi d/f&L n. Marathi marg dfu{ n. eighth month of the Nepali year [November/December]

81 maric dl/r n. black pepper marka dsf{ n. loss, harm, damage marnu dfgÚ{ v.t. to kill, to slaughter masala d;nf n. spices masauda d;f}bf n. draft, rough copy masi d;L n. ink masino dl;gf] adj. fine, thin, mild, gentle, delicate mast d:t adj. drunk, intoxicated mastira dfl:t/ n./adv. above, up masu df;Ú n. meat mat dt n. vote, opinion, voice, dogma, belief matabhed dte]b n. difference of opinion matako df^fsf] adj. earthen matganana dtu)fgf n. counting of votes mathi dfly postp. above mathlo tala dfYnf] tnf n. upper floor matnu dfTgÚ v.i. to get drunk mato dtf] n. consultation, counsel, opinion mato df^f] n. earth, clay, soil matoko sarvekshan df^f]sf] ;j]{If)f n. soil survey matribhakta dfq[eQm n. a devotee of one's mother matribhasa dfq[efiff n. mother tongue matriprem dfq[k|]d n. mother love maulik df}lns adj. original mauna df}g n. silence, taciturnity, mum mauri df}/L n. bee, honeybee mausam df};d n. weather, season, monsoon mausimi df}l;dL adj. seasonal mausuph df};'km pron. personal address towards the king [royal honorific pronoun] maya dfof n. love maya garnu dfof ugÚ{ v.t. to love mece d]r] n. Meche [a Nepali nationality]

82 meghalaya d]#fno n. Meghalaya [a Northeast Indian state] mehanat d]xgt n. industry, labour, hard work mehel d]x]n n. a fruit mel d]n n. meeting, unity, concord, harmony, intimacy, friendship, union, alliance meva d]jf n. melon midiya ldl*of n. media mihi ldxL adj. fine, fine spun, finely pulverized; soft, tender, smooth mihinet ldlxg]t n. labour, industry, work, toil mihineti ldlxg]tL adj. industrious, hardworking, busy, active milaunu ldnfpgÚ v.t. to reconcile, to resolve, to arbitrate, to bring about an agreement, to cause to join, to mix, to adjust, to solve, to balance milnu ldNgÚ v.i. to agree, to fit in, to mingle to mix up, to befit mirg ldu{ n. deer misaunu ld;fpgÚ v.t. to mingle, to mix up together misri ld;|L n. sugar candy, rockcandy mit dLt n. friend (ritually concluded) mit lagaunu dLt nufpgÚ v.t. to make friends (ritually) mithai ld&fO{ n. sweets mitho dL&f] adj. delicious, tasteful, tasty miti ldlt n. date, day, limit, time mohani df]xgL n. charm, enchantment mohi df]xL n. buttermilk mohi parnu df]xL kfgÚ{ v.t. to make buttermilk moja df]hf n. socks, stocking, hose moren df]/]g n. moraine mosam df];d n. orange motamoti df]^fdf]&L adj. near about, approximately motar df]^/ n. car motar haknu df]t/ xfSgÚ v.t. to drive a car

83 motaunu df]^fpgÚ v.i. to get fat moto df]^f] adj. fat mrig d[u n. deer mrityu d[ToÚ n. death mrityuko danda d[ToÚsf] b)* n. death penalty mudda dÚ@f n. law-suite, case mudki dÚ*\sL n. blow of a fist mudra dÚb|f n. seal, coin, gesture mudrak dÚb|s n. printer mudrakshar dÚb|fIf/ n. printing type mudralaya dÚb|fno n. press, printing place mudran dÚb||)f n. act of printing muhan dÚxfg n. source of a river or an irrigation canal muhar dÚxf/ n. facade muhurta dÚx't{ n. a division of time (48 minutes), auspicious moment, a moment, a while, a very short time mukam dÚsfd n. halting place, halt, dwelling, place of residence, camping place mukh dÚv n. mouth, face mukh dhunu dÚv wÚgÚ v.t. wash and clean the face mukhyat dÚVot adv. chiefly, mainly, principally, primarily mukta dÚQm adj. liberated, released mukta garnu dÚQm ugÚ{ v.t. to free mul d'n n. root, source, origin mula d'nf n. radish mulak d'ns postp. based on, depending on, growing from, emanating from, originating from mulatah d'ntM adv. basically, fundamentally, primarily, essentially mulayat dÚnfot adj. soft mulsadak d'n;*s n. main road muluk dÚnÚs n. country, realm, kingdom mulvasi d'njf;L n. native, original inhabitant

84 mulya d'No n. cost, price, worth, value mulyangkan d'Nofég n. valuation, estimation muma dÚdf n. mother [used by upper class only] munal dÚgfn n. a kind of bird from the mountains mung dÚª n. a kind of Lentils, mung bean muni dÚlg postp. below, under muntira dÚlGt/ postp. downwards, below, under musaldhare sÚ;nwf/] adj. torrential, heavy muskaunu dÚ:sfpgÚ v.i. to smile muskuraunu dÚ:sÚ/fpgÚ v.t. to smile muso d';f] n. mouse, rat musoko dulo d';f]sf] bÚnf] n. mousehole musuro dÚ;Ú/f] n. a kind of lentils muthi dÚ&L n. fist mutu dÚ^Ú n. heart mvain DjfO n. kiss mvain khanu DjfO vfgÚ to kiss myaun garnu dofp ugÚ{ v.t. to mew na g conj. neither, nor nabbe gAa] num. ninety, 90 nac gfr n. dance nacnu gfRgÚ v.i. to dance nadi gbL n. river nagar gu/ n. town, city nagarik gful/s adj. civil, urban, metropolitan nagarik shastra gful/s zf:q n. civics, civic studies nagarpalika gu/kflnsf n. municipality, municipal committee nai g} part. a particle used after the word to give emphasis nain gfO{+ interj. no, negation naitikta g}ltstf n. morals, morality, ethics naito gfO^f] n. navel najar gh/ n. eye, vision, sight, look, glance

85 najarana gh/fgf n. gift, present najarana gh/fgf n. gift, present, presentation najayaj gfhfoh adj. improper najik ghLs adj. near, close to, next to najitnu glhTgÚ v.t. not to win nak gfs n. nose nakka pora gfs\sf kf]/f n. nostrils nakkal gSsn n. copy, fashion naksha gSzf n. pattern, map, plan, chart nalikhutto glnvÚ§f] n. shin-bone nam gfd n. name, noun namak gfds adj. named, bearing the name of namasthanik gfd:yflgs adj. independent from a noun namdar gfdbf/ adj. famous well known namkaran gfds/)f n. naming ceremony, baptism namkarma gfdsd{ n. naming ceremony, baptism nam-namasi gfdgfdf;L n. name and address namnishan gfdlgzfg adj. name, trace, mark; name and address namyogi gfdof]uL n. postposition nanda gGb n. husband's younger sister nandebhai gGb]efO n. husband's younger sister's husband nang gª n. nail nangge gfé] adj. naked, uncovered nanggo gféf] adj. naked, uncovered nani gfgL n. baby napunsakling gkÚ+;slnª n. neuter [grammar] nara gf/f n. slogan, striking word, phrase naram g/d adj. soft, delicate, kind, gentle naramro g/fd|f] adj. bad, not good nardan gb{g n. neck narendra g/]Gb| n. king naresh g/]z n. king nari gf/L n. wrist, pulse

86 narival gl/jn n. coconut naso g;f] n. vein naspati g:kftL n. pear nata gftf n. relationship, alliance natadar gftfbf/ n. relative nati gflt n. grandson natija glthf n. result, consequence natini gfltgL n. granddaughter natishitosna gfltzLtf]i)f adj. temperate, moderate nau g} num. nine, 9 naun gfp n. name naun caleka gfp rn]sf adj. well known, famous nauni gf}gL n. butter navaun gjf}+ adj. ninth nayakatva gfosTj n. leadership, hegemony nayan gof adj. new nebharo g]ef/f] n. fig nepalganj g]kfnuGh n. Nepalganj [a town in the western Tarai] nera g]/ adj. near, near by, close by, not far neri g]l/ adj. near, near by, close by, not far neta g]tf n. leader, guide, chief netritva g]t[Tj n. leadership, guidance, lead nevar g]jf/ n. Newar [a Nepali nationality] nibandha lgaGw n. article, essay, dissertation, thesis, bond, fixation nibhnu lgEgÚ v.i. to go out, to be extinguished nibuva lgaÚjf n. lemon nico gLrf] adj. low, inferior, mean, worthless nidaunu lgbfpgÚ v.i. to go to sleep, to become numb nidhan lgwfg n./adj. destruction, death, poor nidhar lgwf/ n. forehead nidho lgwf] n. confirmation, settlement, decision, final word,

87 resolution nihsantan lgM;Gtfg adj. childless, without offspring nihun lgxÚ n. excuse, pretence, pretext niji kshetra lghL If]q n. private sector nikai lgs} adj. much nikat lgs^ adj. near, near by, close by, not far nikaya lgsfo n. body, system niko lgsf] adj. cured, well nilo gLnf] adj. blue nimitta lgldQ n./postp. for, for the sake of, for the cause of, cause, motive, account, reason nimnalikhit lgDglnlvt adj. undermentioned, following, mentioned below nimti lglDt postp. for, for the sake of ninda lgGbf n. reflection, condemnation, slander, calumny, vilification, censure, blame nindan lgGbg n. vilification niptara lgk^f/f n. disposal, settlement, reconciliation, conclusion nipun lgkÚ)f adj. dexterous, skilful, clever nir gL/ adj. indigo nira lg/ adj. near, near by, close by, not far nirakaran lg/fs/)f n. abrogation, annulment, removal nirakshar lg/If/ adj. illiterate nirantar lg/Gt/ adj. continuous, constant, incessant, ceaseless nirantarta lg/Gt/tf n. continuity, continuation niraparadh lg/k/fw adj. innocent, faultless, guiltless nirarthak lg/y{s n. meaningless, vain, useless, fruitless, insignificant, worthless, futile nirdaya lgb{o adj. cruel, brutal, merciless, unkind nirdayata lgb{otf n. cruelty, unkindness, severity, brutality nirdesh lgb]{z n. instruction, order, indication

88 nirdeshak lgb]{zs n. director (of an institute or center) nirdeshan lgb]{zg n. instruction, order, indication nirman lgdf{)f n. construction, creation, manufacture, formation, framing, act of building or making nirmata lgdf{tf n. maker, producer, manufacturer, builder, creator nirmit lgld{t adj. made, formed, built, created nirnaya lg)f{o n. decision, resolution, discernment, ascertainment, determination nirogi lg/f]uL adj. healthy, in good health, not ill nirvacan lgjf{rg n. election nis lg; n. gneiss nisedh bhumi lgif]w e'ld n. forbidden land nishcal lgZrn adj. fixed, still, firm, motionless, immovable nishcaya lgZro n. sure knowledge, resolution, determination, confidence nishcit lglZrt adj. sure, unfailing, without doubt nishcit lglZrt ;+Vofaf]ws n. definitive numeral sankhyabodhak niskantak lgis)^s adj. thornless, free from troubles niskanu lg:sgÚ v.i. to come out, to appear nisto lg:tf] adj. plain, bland nitamba lgtDa n. hip niti gLlt n. policy, morality, manners niun lgp n. pretext, excuse nivaran lgjf/)f n. prevention, preclusion, redress, deterrence, determent nivas lgjf; n. home, residence, abode, dwelling nivasi lgjf;L n. inhabitant, resident, inmate, native niyam lgod n. rule, usage, regulation,

89 practice niyantran lgoGq)f n. control, restraint niyati lgolt n. fate, luck, fortune, destiny, predestination niyukta lgoÚQm adj. appointed, wmployed, posted niyukti lgoÚlQm n. appointment, employment niyutta lgoÚQ adj. appointed, engaged, employed, devoted, nominated, assigned nokar gf]s/ n. servant nuhaune kotha gÚxfpg] sf]&f n. bathroom nuhaunu gÚxfpgÚ v.t. take a bath nun g'g n. salt nunilo gÚlgnf] adj. salty nyauri Gofp/L n. mongoose nyaya Gofo n. justice, equity, logic, reason nyayadhish GofofwLz n. judge, justice nyayadhish GofofwLz n. judge, justice nyayalaya Gofofno n. court of justice nyayapalika Gofokflnsf n. judiciary nyuntam Go'gtd adj. minimum, minimal ochyan cf]%Øfg n. bed, bedding,sleeping-mat, quilt ochyaunu cf]%\ØfpgÚ v.t. to spread bedding, to spread a rug,to spread a mat odhan cf]wfg n. three-legged iron stand for putting a cooking vessel over a fire odhaunu cf](fpgÚ v.t. to cover up sombody else odhne cf](\g] n. blanket, bedcover, bedroll odhnu cf](\gÚ v.i./v.t. to cover oneself up; to wrap, to cover ogatnu cf]u^\gÚ v.t. to occupy, to reserve, to hinder ohar dohar cf]x/ bf]x/ n. the act of coming and going ohor dohor cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ n. the act of coming and going ohralnu cf]x|fNgÚ v.t. to cause to descend oilaunu cf]OnfpgÚ v.i. to wither, to fade

90 oilinu cf]OlngÚ v.t. to be withered oiranu cf]O/gÚ v.i. to drop, to fall headlong oiraunu cf]O/fpgÚ v.t. to cause to drop, to cause to fall [in large quantity] oirini cf]Ol/gÚ v.i. to drop, to fall [in large quantity] oirinu cf]Ol/gÚ v.i. to flow continually ojhel cf]´]n adj. hidden, screened off okatnu cf]s^\gÚ v.t. to occupy, to reserve, to hinder okhar cf]v/ n. walnut okhati cf]vtL n. medicine orlanu cf]n{gÚ v.i. to comedown, to descend orlinu cf]ln{gÚ v.i. to comedown, to descend osarinu cf];fl/gÚ v.i. to be moved from one place to another osarnu cf];fgÚ{ v.t. to move something from one place to another oth cf]& n. lip, lips pacadi krfl* postp. behind pacas krf; num. fifty, 50 pacasi krf;L num. eighty-five, 85 pacchim klR%d n. west paccis kRrL; num. twenty-five, 25 pachadi k%fl* postp. behind, later, in the back pachattar krxQ/ num. seventy-five, 75 pachaute k%f}^] adj. late, hinder, backward pachi kl% postp. behind, later, in the back pachi hatnu kl% x^\gÚ v.i. to move back pachi janu kl% hfgÚ v.i. to follow pachi sarnu kl% ;gÚ{ v.i. to step back, to step down pachillo kl%Nnf] adj. last, hindermost, back, rear pachipachi kl%kl% adv. immediately after, next pacpanna kRkGg num. fifty-five, 55 pad kb n. foot, step, foot-step, word padadhikari kbflwsf/L n. official, officer, authority padartha kbfy{ n. meaning of a word, matter

91 padarthavacak nam kbfy{jfrs gfd n. objective term padavi kbjL n. title, designation; post, rank padhai k(fO n. study, method of reading or teaching padhaunu k(fpgÚ v.t. to teach padhelekheka k(]n]v]sf adj. educated, able to read and write padhnu k(\gÚ v.t. to lear, to read, to study padina klbgf n. mint pagal kfun n. a mad man pagalkhana kfunvfgf n. mad-house pagalnu kufNgÚ v.t. to melt paglanu kUngÚ v.i. to melt pahad kxf* n. mountain, hill pahadi pradesh kxf*L k|b]z n. hilly region pahenlo kx]+nf] adj. yellow pahican klxrfg n. recognition, acquaintance, identity pahilo klxnf] adj. first pahiran klx/g n. costume, suit, dress, clothes, garments pahuna kfxÚgf n. visitor, guest painsatthi k}+;^\&L num. sixty-five, 65 paintalis k}+tfnL; num. forty-five, 45 paintis k}+tL; num. thirty-five, 35 paitalo k}tfnf] n. sole pajani khgL n. arrangement, setting in order, overhauling [the annual festival during which appointments of government officials were renewed for the ensuing year] pakaunu ksfpgÚ v.t. to cook pakeko kfs]sf] adj. ripe, cooked, mature paket ks]^ n. pocket pakhala kvfnf n. diarrhoea pakhalnu kvfNgÚ v.t. to rinse pakheta kv]^f n. wing

92 pakhura kfvÚ/f n. arm pakka kSsf adj. 1. certain, sure, true; durable, strong; careful pakka garnu kSsf ugÚ{ v.t. to confirm to make sure pakku kSsÚ n. meat fried in butter paknu kfSgÚ v.i. to be ripe, to ripen, to be cooked pako kfsf] adj. aged, experienced pakranu kqmgÚ v.t. to catch, to hold, to arrest, to capture, to seize, to catch on, to understand pakrau kqmfp n. capture, arrest, seizure paksha kIf n. wing, part, party palnu kfNgÚ v.t. to take care of, to raise, to bring up, to nourish, to keep, to tame palpa kfNkf n. Palpa [former mini-state, currently a district of Nepal] paltan kN^g n. regiment, batallion palunggo kfn'¨f] n. spinach pan kfg n. the leaf of the betal nut eaten with areca nut and lime pana kfgf n. leaf (of a book) panati kgftL n. great-grandson panc kfr num. five, 5 panc patra kfr kq adj. fivefold pancanabbe kGrfgAa] num. ninety-five, 95 pancangga k~rfé n. almanac (of Hindu astrology) pancaun kfrf}+ adj. fifth pancayat kGrfot n. village assembly to decide disputes, an assembly of elected representatives panchaunu kG%fpgÚ v.t. to evade, to push aside pandhra kGw| num. fifteen, 15 pani klg adv. also, too, even pani kfgL n. water, rain pani ... pani klg » klg adv. as well as pani pareka vela kfgL k/]sf] j]nf comp. when it rains

93 pani parnu kfgL kgÚ{ v.t. to rain paniun klgp n. a flat spoon used for ladling out rice panjaa kGhf n. a combination of five fingers, gloves, covering of the hands panjika kl~hsf n. register, list, calender pankha k+vf n. wing, feather; fan pantha kGy n. path, sect, religious order panthi kGyL n. traveller, sectarian pap kfk n. sin papi kfkL adj. sinful, profligate, criminal par kf/ n. end, other side, limit, accomplishment, renunciation, release, relief, deliverance, liberation para k/ adv. aside, separate, beyond, further paraghaun k/f#f}+ adv. after two years parajaya k/fho n. defeat parajit k/flht adj. defeated, vanquished, overthrown parajit k/flht adj. defeated, overthrown parakram k/fqmd n. power, strength, valour, prowess parakrami k/fqmdL adj. heroic, gallant, valiant, brave param k/d adj. best, supreme, uttermost, extreme paramdham k/dwfd n. heaven, paradise, the next world; death, demise paramgati k/dult n. liberation, salvation parampad k/dkb n. liberation, salvation parampara k/Dk/f n. sequence, succession, order paramparagat k/Dk/fut adj. tradional paramparik kf/Dkfl/s adj. traditional, hereditary parampita k/dlktf n. the creator of all, God parantu k/GtÚ n./adv. but, inspite, however, still, the remaining life, end parapacuke kf/kfrÚs] n. divorce, dissolution of marriage

94 parar k/f/ adv. two years ago pararastra k//fi^« n. foreign county, another country pararastra mantralaya k//fi^« dGqfno n. foreign ministry pararastra mantri k//fi^« dGqL n. foreign minister pararastriya k//fi^«Lo adj. foreign, alien, related to another nation paraspar k/:k/ adj. mutually, reciprocal, one another parca krf{ n. leaflet, settlement record parda kbf{ n. curtain, screen, veil, partition pardabhitrai kbf{leq} comp. secretly pardesh k/b]z adv. abroad pardesh lagnu k/b]z nfUgÚ to go abroad parela k/]nf n. eyelash pareva k/]jf n. pigeon, young dove pari kfl/ n. the other side [of the shore or boundary] pari kf/L n. the other side [of the shore or boundary] paribhasa kl/efiff n. definition, terminology paricalan kl/rfng n. mobilization paricaya kl/ro n. acquaintance, intimacy, familiarity paricched kl/R%]b n. part, division, section of a book, chapter, paragraph pariksha k/LIff n. examination, investigation parikshan k/LIf)f n. examination, investigation parimanbodhak kl/df)faf]ws adj. quantitative [grammar] parinam kl/)ffd n. result, consequence parinamsvarup kl/)ffd:j¿k conj. as a result of, with the result of, consequently parinati kl/)flt n. transformation, culmination, form paripati kl/kf^L n. tradition, method, mode, arrangement, order paripurti kl/kÚlt{ n. perfection, completion parisad kl/ifb n. assembly, council, senate, committee parishist kl/lzi^ n. appendix, supplement

95 parishrami kl/>dL adj. laborious, industrious, painstaking, hardworking, diligent paristhiti kl/l:ylt n. circumstances, situation, condition, surrounding, environment parit kfl/t adj. resolved, decided, concluded, passed (of a motion, bill, etc.) parityag kl/Tofu n. abandonment, abdication parivar kl/jf/ n. family parivartan kl/jt{g n. change, exchange pariyojana kl/of]hgf n. project parkhal kvf{n n. wall parkhanu kv{gÚ v.t. to wait, to have patience parkhinu klv{gÚ v.t. to wait, to have patience parnu kgÚ{ v.i. to happen, to occur, to fall, to ignite parnu kfgÚ{ v.t. to put in, to lay, to ignite, to cause, to make paro kf/f] n. mercury parsi kl;{ adv. the day after tomorrow parti kf^L{ n. party parti kendriya kamiti kf^L{ s]Gb|Lo sldlt n. central committee of a party parva kj{ n. festival, holiday, fête, chapter, section, portion, canto parvat kj{t n. hill, mountain, rock paryanta ko{Gt postp. till, until, unto, up to paryatak ko{^s n. traveller, wanderer, tourist paryatakharuko svarg ko{^s¿sf] :ju{ n. tourist paradise paryatan ko{^g n. touring, tourism pasal k;n n. shop, warehouse, booth pasale k;n] n. shopkeeper, merchant, vendor pashcim klZrd n. west pashupalan kzÚkfng n. animal husbandry pashupati kzÚklt n. Pashupati pasina k;Lgf n. sweat

96 paskanu k:sgÚ v.t. to serve [food] pasnu k:gÚ v.t. to enter, to go in, to come in pata kf^ n. jute, hessian, silk, silk threat patak k^s n. times, occasion patalo kf^nf] adj. thin patan k^g n. packing, package patan ktg n. fall, downfall, degradation patan kf^g n. Lalitpur, Patan [a neighbouring town of Kathmandu] patani k^gL n. irrigation path kf^ n. lesson, reading, recital path ky n. path, course pathaunu k&fpgÚ v.t. to send, to despatch pathi kf&L n. lamb [female] patho kf&f] n. lamb [male] pathshala kf&zfnf n. school, seminary pathshalaya kf&zfnfof n. school, college, academy, seminary pati klt n. husband patit kltt adj. fallen, degraded, outcaste patni kTgL n. wife, better half, married woman patra kq n. page patrakar kqsf/ n. journalist patre cattan kq] r§fg n. sedimentary rock patrika klqsf n. magazine, journal patta kQf n. leaf, foliage, address patthar kTy/ n. stone patti k§L n. bandage patti kl§ n. side pattyaunu k§\ofpgÚ v.t. to plait, to fold pau kfp n. a quarter paune kf}g] adj. a quarter to paunu kfpgÚ v.t. to get, to obtain, to receive, to bear, to beget, to

97 produce pauranik kf}/flgs adj. legendary pauranu kf}/gÚ v.i. swim pauri kf}/L n. swimming pauri khelnu kf}/L v]NgÚ v.t. swim pauroti kfp/f]^L n. bread paus kf}if n. ninth month of the Nepali year (December/January) paustik kf}li^s n. nutrition pesh k]z postp. in front of, before pesha k]zf n. occupation pesta k]:tf n. pestachio nut pet k]^ n. stomach peti k]^L n. belt, casket, small box, small chest, girdle phagun kmfuÚg n. eleventh month of the Nepali year (February/March) phaida kmfO{bf n. advantage phailanu km}ngÚ v.i. to spread, to be scattered phailanu km}ngÚ v.i. to spread, to be scattered phailinu km}lngÚ v.i. to spread, to be scattered phaisala km};nf n. decision, judgement, settlement, adjudication phalam kmnfd n. iron phalgun kmNuÚ)f n. eleventh month of the Nepali year (February/March) phalnu kmfNgÚ v.t. to throw away phalnu kmNgÚ v.i. to bear fruits; to cleanse, to husk phalphul kmnkm'n n. fruits and flowers phalphul kheti kmnkm'n v]tL n. horticulture phalsvarup kmn:j¿k postp. as a result of phansi kmf;L n. execution by hanging, noose phapar kmfk/ n. buckwheat pharak km/s n. difference, separation, being apart pharakilo km/flsnf] adj. spacious, roomy, extensive

98 pharar km/f/ n. absconding, fled pharkanu kms{gÚ v.i. to return, to come back pharsi km;L{ n. large yellow pumpkin phastaunu km:^fpgÚ v.t. to develop, to become fat phatyangro km^Øféf] n. cricket, grasshopper pherabadal km]/abn n. change, modification pheri km]l/ adv. again, once more, once again phesan km];g n. facion phijinu lkmlhgÚ v.i. to spread phikri garnu lkmqmL ugÚ{ v.t. to be worried phila lkmnf n. thigh philipins lkmlnlkG; n. Philippinen phohor kmf]xf]/ adj. dirty, foul, filthy, obscene phokso kmf]S;f] n. lungs phranseli k|mfG;]nL adj. French phul km'n n. flower phul kmÚn n. egg phulbari km'naf/L n. flower garden phuleko kesh kmÚn]sf] s]z grey hair phulkopi km'nsf]kL n. cauliflower phupaju kmÚkfhÚ n. father's sister's husband phupu kmÚk' n. father's sister phurtilo kmÚlt{nf] adj. smart phusro kmÚ;|f] adj. grey, grizzled phutbal khelnu kmÚ^an v]NgÚ v.t. to play football phyanknu km\ofSgÚ v.t. to throw away phyauro km\ofp/f] n. fox pidit kLl*t adj. afflicted, tortured, distressed, oppressed pindalu lk+*fnÚ n. a kind of root pindulo lk+*Únf] n. calf of the leg ping kLª n. swing pir kL/ n. worry, anxiety, distress, mental trouble, punishment

99 pira lk/f n. floor seat [of straw or wood] piralnu lk/NgÚ v.i./v.t. to torment, to afflict, to distress, to tease piro lk/f] adj. hot [in taste] pirolnu lk/f]NgÚ v.t. to torment, to afflict, to distress, to tease pita lktf n. father [Sanskritized] pithiun lkl&p n. back pitho kL&f] n. flour, powder pitho kL&f] n. flour pittal lkQn n. brass pohor kf]xf]/ adv. last year poi kf]O n. husband [rural] poila kf]On n. running away with a man without formal marriage poila janu kf]On hfgÚ comp. run away with a man pokhari kf]v/L n. pond, lake, reservoir poleko masu kf]n]sf] df;Ú n. barbecued meat pothi mujur kf]yL dÚhÚ/ n. peahen potnu kf]TgÚ v.t. smear with red clay, paint the floor wall, whitewash poto kf]tf] n. a smearing rag prabandhak k|aGws n. manager, writer of an essay prabhat k|eft n. daybreak, dawn prabhav k|efj n. influence, effect, power, strength, authority, dominance prabhavashali k|efjzfnL adj. powerful, strong, radiant pracalan k|rng n. prevalence, custom, usage, currency, movement pracalit k|rlnt adj. prevalent, current, customary, in practice, , in vogue, recognised pracar k|rf/ n. publicity, publication, usage, advertisement, announcement pracarit k|rfl/t adj. propagated, publicised, circulated, made current, made prevalent, given currency

100 pracin k|frLg adj. ancient, old, antique, aged pracinta k|frLgtf n. antiquity, ancientness pradesh k|b]z n. province, region, realm, country, territory, state pradeshik kf|b]lzs adj. regional pradhanmantri k|wfgdGqL n. Prime Minister pradhannyayadhish k|wfgGofofwLz n. Chief Justice pradhyapak k|fWofks n. college teacher, lecturer, professor pradurbhav k|fb"ef{j n. appearance, manifestation; serious or terrible outbreak; birth, prevalence pradusan kb"if)f n. pollution pragati k|ult n. progress, advancement pragatishil k|ultzLn adj. progressive, modern prahari k|x/L n. police praja k|hf n. subject, tenant, people, progeny prajatantra k|hftGq n. democracy prajatantrik k|hftflGqs adj. democratic prakar k|sf/ n. kind, way, sort prakash k|sfz n. light, manifestation, publication prakashak k|sfzs n. publisher prakashan k|sfzg n. publication, publishing prakashit k|sflzt adj. published prakashkiya k|sfzsLo adj. related to the publisher prakhyat k|Voft adj. renowned, famous, celebrated, noted prakriti k|fs[lt n. nature, talent prakritik k|fs[lts adj. natural, physical, material prakritik gyas k|fs[lts Uof; n. natural gas prakritik vanaspati k|fs[lts jg:klt n. natural vegetation prakriya k|lqmof n. process, procedure, manner, method, technique praman k|df)f n. proof, testimony, evidence, attestation, ascertainment pramanik k|dfl)fs adj. factual, true, genuine, authoritative pramanik k|fdfl)fs adj. factual, true, genuine,

101 authoritative pramanit k|dfl)ft adj. certified pramanpatra k|df)fkq n. certificate, testimonial, permit pramukh k|dÚv n. principal, chief, head pranali k|)ffnL n. method, mode, way pranta k|fGt n. border, end, extremity, province prapta k|fKt adj. obtained, received, acquired prapti k|flKt n. receipt, procuration, acquisition, income, profit prarambha k|f/De n. beginning, commencement, inception, initiation, starting point prarthana k|fy{gf n. prayer, petition, request prarthana garnu k|fy{gf ugÚ{ v.t. tp pray, to request prasanga k|;é n. relation, connection, association, discussion, narration, context prasar k|;f/ n. width, expansion, extent, spreading, spread, diffusion prashangsa k|z+;f n. praise, appreciation, applause, laudation, eulogy prashasan k|zf;g n. administration prashasta k|z:t adj. abundant, sufficient, enough prashna k|Zg n. question prashnarthak k|Zgfy{s ;j{gfd n. interrogative pronoun sarvanam prashnavali k|ZgfjnL n. questionnaire prasiddha k|l;$ adj. famous, renowned, glorious, illustrious, celebrated prastav k|:tfj n. proposal, suggestion; preface, foreword, preamble prastavana k|:tfjgf n. introduction, prologue, preface, foreword prastut k|:tÚt adj. presented, submitted pratam purusvacak k|td kÚ?ifjfrs n. first person [grammar] pratha k|yf n. usage, practice, custom, rule, fashion, method,

102 system pratham k|yd adj. first, best, primitive pratham purus k|yd kÚ?if n. first person [ling.] prathamikta k|fyldstf n. priority, precedence prati k|lt postp. towards, near to, against, in opposition to pratibaddha k|lta$ adj. restricted, banned, conditioned, committed pratibaddhata k|lta$tf n. commitment pratibandhit k|ltalGwt adj. restricted, banned, conditioned pratibha k|ltef n. genius, intellect, wit, intelligence, brilliance pratibimba k|ltlaDa n. reflection, image, shadow pratibimbit k|ltlalDat adj. reflected pratigama k|ltufdf adj. retrogressive pratik k|tLs n. symbol, fetish pratikar k|ltsf/ n. retaliation, revenge pratikatmak k|tLsfTds adj. symbolic, allegorical pratikriya k|ltlqmof n. reaction pratiksha k|tLIff n. expectation pratinidhi k|ltlglw n. representative, substitute pratinidhitva k|ltlglwTj n. representation, deputation, delegacy pratipaksha k|ltkIf n. opposition, rival side, hostile camp, contesting party pratipakshi k|ltkIfL n. opponent, rival, contestant, contralateral pratishat k|ltzft n. percent percentage pratishodh k|ltzf]w n. revenge, vengeance, retaliation, vendetta, blood feud pratisparddha k|lt:k${ n. rivalry, contest, competition prativedan k|ltj]bg n. report, representation pratiyogita k|ltof]lutf n. rivalry, competition, hostility pratyek k|To]s adj. every, everyone pravacan k|jrg n. commentary, elucidation, explanation pravesh k|j]z n. entry, admission, access,

103 entrance pravidhi k|ljlw n. technique pravidhigya k|ljlw! n. technician pravriti k|j[lt n. trend pravritti k|j[lQ n. inclination of mind, tendency prayah k|foM adv. almost, nearly, often, generally prayas k|of; n. effort, attempt, endeavour prayatna k|oTg n. effort, attempt, endeavour prayog k|oF]u n. use, application, action, effort, usage, example, performance pret k|]t n. dead, deceased, spirit of the dead, evil spirit, ghost; a very greedy person pristhabhumi k[i&e'ld n. basis prithvi k[YjL n. earth priya lk|o adj. dear, lovely, beloved pucchar kÚR%/ n. tail pugnu kÚUgÚ v.i. to arrive at, to reach, to be fulfilled, to be sufficient puja garnu k'hf ugÚ{ v.t. to worship, to adore puja kotha k'hf sf]&f n. prayer room, worshipping room punargathan kÚgu{&g n. reorganization, recasting punarjivit kÚghL{ljt adj. revived, risen from the dead punarnirman kÚglg{df{)f reconstruction punarvalikan kÚg/jnLsg n. revision, retrospect, review punarvas kÚgjf{; n. rehabilitation puniun kÚlgp n. a flat spoon used for ladling out rice punling kÚ+lné n. male [grammar] pura k'/f adj. full, complete, entire, gross, whole purano kÚ/fgf] adj. old, ancient purashcaran kÚ/Zr/)f n. repeating the name of a deity purashcarya kÚ/Zrof{ n. repeating the name of a deity

104 puratatva kÚ/ftTj n. archaeology puri kÚ/L n. bread cooked in butter purkha kÚv{f n. ancestor, forefather purna k')f{ adj. perfect, full, complete, whole, accomplished, sufficient, detailed purnatah k')f{tM adv. completely, fully, perfectly, totally purnataya k')f{tof adj. completely, totally, fully, entirely purnima k'l)f{df n. full moon day purohit kÚ/f]lxt n. family priest purusartha kÚ?iffy{ n. manly achievement, energy, vigour, valour purusvacak sarvanam kÚ?ijfrs ;j{gfd n. personal pronoun purvadhar k'jf{wf/ n. infrastructure purvagraha k'jf{u|x n. prejudice purvak k'j{s suff. together, with purvi k'jL{ adj. eastern, eastern quarter purviya k'jL{of adj. eastern purviya k'jL{o adj. eastern puryaunu kÚof{pgÚ v.t. to exort, to lead, to fulfil a wish pus kÚ; n. ninth month of the Nepali year (December/January) pusta kÚ:tf n. generation, succession pustakalaya kÚ:tsfno n. library pusti kÚli& n. nourishment, nutrition putali kÚtnL n. butterfly pval Kjfn n. hole, opening pyaj Kofh n. onion pyaro Kof/f] adj. loving, dear, beloved, lovely, pleasant pyau Kofp n. mushroom racak /rs n. author, writer, maker racana /rgf n. composition, production, creation, formation racanatmak /rgfTds adj. creative, constructive racayita /rlotf n. composer, writer, author,

105 maker racit /lrt adj. composed, made, formed, manufactured, compiled, constructed, built, invented, fabricated radhi /f(L n. coarse wollen rug ragat /ut n. blood ragat aunu /ut cfpgÚ to bleed rahanu /xgÚ v.i. to remain, to dwell, to inhabit rahar /x/ n. a kind of lentils rahasyamaya /x:odo adj. mysterious, secret, hidden rahasyamaya /x:odo (éaf& adv. in a mysterious way dhangabata rahat /fxt n. comfort, relief rai /fO{ n. Rai [a Nepali nationality] raithane /}yfg] n. local inhabitant, aboriginee raiti /}tL n. tenant, leaseholder, farmer raja /fhf n. king, ruler, sovereign rajaharuma /fhfx¿df comp. among kings rajasva /fh:j n. revenue, royalty rajdarbar /fhb/af/ n. the king's palace rajdhani /fhwfgL n. capital rajdut /fhb't n. ambassador rajdutavas /fhb'tfjf; n. embassy rajhans /hxf; n. swan rajhans /fhxf; n. swan raji /fhL adj. willing, pleased, desirous, content, complacent rajikhushi /fhLvÚzL n. willingness, acceptance with much pleasure rajinama /fhLgfdf n. agreement, compromise rajkaj /fhsfh n. government work, administration rajkaji /fhsfhL adj. relating to government, relating to administration rajkanya /fhsGof n. princess rajkarya /fhsfo{ n. public affair, affairs of state, governance rajkumar /fhsÚdf/ n. prince

106 rajkumari /fhsÚdf/L n. princess rajnaitik /fhg}lts adj. political rajnaitik gatividhi /fhg}lts ultljlw political movement rajniti /fhgLlt n. politics, political science rajnitigya /fhgLlt! n. politician rajnitik /fhgLlts adj. political rajnitik labh /fhgLlts nfe n. political importance rajparisad /fhkl/ifb n. council of state rajprasad /fhk|;fb n. palace rajtantra /fhtGq n. monarchy, monarchical system of government rajvanshi /fhj+zL n. Rajvanshi [a Nepali nationality] rajya /fHo n. kingdom, state, territory rajyadhikar /fHolwsf/ n. power of the state, jura regia rajyavati /fHojtL n. Rajyavati [mother of Licchavi king Manadeva I] rakhnu /fVgÚ v.t. to keep, to protect, to hold raksha /Iff n. defence, protection, guard raksi /S;L n. alcoholic drink raktapatpurna /Stkftk")f{ adj. bloody rakumari /fhsÚdf/L n. princess ramailo /dfOnf] adj. pleasant ramaunu /dfpgÚ v.i. to be pleased, to feel happy, to feel delighted, to be glad ramnu /DgÚ v.i. to be pleased, to feel happy, to feel delighted, to be glad ramro /fd|f] adj. good, beautiful rang /é n. colour rangamanc /éd~r n. stage rangaunu /+ufpgÚ v.t. to colour, to paint, to dye, to tint rangicangi /+uLr+uL adj. multi-coloured rangin /+uLg adj. coloured rango /fuf] n. water buffalo [male]

107 rani /fgL n. queen ranniti /)fgLlt n. strategy rap /fk n. heat of the sun, heat of the fire ras /; n. juice, broth rasiya /;Lof n. Russia rastra /fi^« n. nation rastrabhasa /fi^«efiff n. national language, language of the nation rastranayak /fi^«gfos n. head of state rastravad /fi^«jfb n. nationalism rastravadi /fi^«jfbL n./adj. a nationalist, nationalistic rastriya /fli^«o adj. national rastriya jagaran /fli^«o hfu/)f national awakening rastriya rastra /fli^«o /fi^« nation-state rastriyata /fli^«otf n. nationality, nationalism rat /t postp. engaged in, employed in, devoted to, absorbed in, addicted to rat /ft n. night rat parcha /ft k%{ it's getting dark rati /flt adv. at night rato /ftf] adj. red rato mato /ftf] df^f] n. red clay to paint the wall raun /f}+ n. hair of the body ravivar /ljjf/ n. Sunday rayako sag /fofsf] ;fu n. mustard greens [large] rel /]n n. rail rica Crf n. verse, hymn rihai l/xfO{ n. release, acquittal, deliverance, discharge, setting free rijha l/´ n. gladness, happiness, contentment rina C)f n. debt, loan, due, obligation rini C)fL n./adj. debtor, indebted ris l/; n. anger, wrath, irritation risaeko l/;fPsf] adj. angry

108 risaunu l/;fpgÚ v.i. to be angry, to get irritated risi Clif n. sage, saint, wise ascetic riti-thiti /Lltlylt n. social customs rittinu l/lQgÚ v.i. to be emptied ritto l/Qf] adj. empty, hollow ritu CtÚ n. season of the year rodh /f]w n. onbstruction, obstacle, hindrance rog /f]u n. sickness, disease, illness, ailment rogi /f]uL n. sick person rojgar /f]huf/ n. business, trade, employment, profession, occupation rok /f]s n. prohibition, restriction, interdict rokinu /f]lsgÚ v.i. to be stopped, to be hindered roknu /f]SgÚ v.t. to prohibit, to obstruct, to hinder, to prevent, to stop roti /f]^L n. bread [made of flour and water without yeast] ruci ¿lr n. interest, liking, taste rugha ?#f n. cold, catarrh, chill rugna ?U)f adj. ill, sick, unwell, indisposed, motbid, diseased runa man lagnu ?g dg nfUgÚ to feel like to wep runu ?gÚ v.i. to weep, to cry rup ¿k n. countenance, look, form, shape, aspect, beauty, guise, semblance, appearance rupantar ¿kfGt/ n. transformation, transition, change of form, metamorphosis, translation, conversion rupi ¿kL postp. having the form of, having the shape of rupiyan ?lkof n. Rupee ruvanda ?jf)*f n. Ruanda ruvaunu ?jfpgÚ v.i. to cause to weep saba ;a adj. all, everything

109 sabai bhanda ;a} eGbf of all sabaijaso ;a}h;f] pron. almost all saber ;a]/ adj. early saberai ;a]/} adv. early sabha ;ef n. assembly, meeting, gathering sabhapati ;efklt n. chairman [of a meeting, organization or party] sabhyata ;Eotf n. civilization, civility, politeness, courtesy, good manner sabik ;flas adj. former, previous sabun ;faÚg n. soap sabunko gaj ;faÚgsf] ufh n. soap foam sabunko phinja ;faÚgsf] lkm+h n. soap foam sabut ;a't n. proof, evidence, testimony, demonstration sacetak ;r]ts n. whip saciv ;rLj n. secretary, advisor, companion sacivalaya ;lrjfno n. secretariat sadak ;*s n. road [metalled] sadan ;bg n. residence, house, assembly hall sadar ;b/ n. acceptance, approval, sanction sadar upatyaka ;b/ pkTosf n. central valley sadashya ;bZo n. member sadashyaharuprati ;bZox¿k|lt bdggLlt n. politics of oppression daman-niti towards members sadasya ;b:o n. member sadasyata ;b:otf n. membership sadbhavana ;b\efjgf n. friendship sadhain ;w}+ adv. always sadhan ;fwg n. material, resource, medium, means, equipment sadhana ;fwgf n. devotes labour or striving, object of devotion; controlling spirit or ghost by reciting sacred verses;

110 penance, propitiation sadharan ;fwf/)f adj. common, simple, general sadharan sabha ;fwf/)f ;ef n. general assembly sadhe ;f(] adj. half past sadiccha ;lbR%f n. good wishes, good will sadupayog ;bÚkof]u n. utilization sadyantra if*\oGq n. conspiracy, plot, intrigue sagapat ;fukft n. (leafy) vegetables sagar ;fu/ n. ocean, sea sagar ;u/ n. sky, heaven sagarkhand ;u/vG* n. sweet potato sagarmatha ;u/dfyf n. Sagarmatha, Chomolungma, Mount Everest sagaunu ;ufpgÚ v.t. to help, to assist, to aid saghaunu ;#fpgÚ v.t. to help, to assist, to aid saglo ;Unf] adj. whole, complete, undivided sagsabji ;fu;AjL n. vegetables sahabhagi ;xefuL n. partner, accomplice sahabhagita ;xeflutf n. participation sahalekhak ;xn]vs n. co-author sahamat ;xdt n./adv. agreement, of one and the same mind or opinion sahamati ;xdlt n. agreement, concurrence, content sahan ;xg n. endurance, enduring, bearing sahanu ;xgÚ v.t. to forbear, to endure, to brook, to sustain, to withstand sahara ;xf/f n. help, assistance, support sahasrabdi ;x;|fAbL n. millennium sahaya ;xfo n. help, assistance, support sahayak ;xfos n. assistant, helper, colleague sahayak nadi ;xfos gbL n. tributary (river) sahayata ;xfotf n. help, assistance, support sahayog ;xof]u n. cooperation sahayog samiti ;xof]u ;ldlt n. cooperative society

111 sahayogi ;xof]uL n. colleague, supporter, assistant, friend sahinlo ;flx+nf] n. third eldest [of brothers] sahitya ;flxTo n. literature sahityakar ;flxTosf/ n. writer, author sahityashastra ;flxTozf:q n. poetics, rhetoric, literature sahityik ;flxlTos adj. literary sahu ;fxÚ n. merchant, trader, moneylender, banker sahu ;fx' n. shopkeeper, merchant, trader, businessman, moneylender sahuni ;fxÚgL n. shopkeeper (female) saiddhantik ;}$flGts adj. according top principle, theoretical sainik ;}lgs adj. military sainik viman ;}lgs ljdfg n. military plane saintis ;}+tL; num. thirty-seven, 37 saja ;hf n. punishment, confinement, penalty sajaya ;hfo n. punishment, confinement, penalty sajha ;f´f n. cooperative, joint enterprise sajilo ;lhnf] adj. easy, simple sakali ;snL adj. original, true, pure, good, genuine sakbhar ;se/ adv. as much as possible sakesamma cando ;s];Dd rf*f] comp. as fast as possible, as soon as possible saknu ;SgÚ v.t. to be able; to finish, to complete saksham ;Ifd adj. capable, competent sakshar ;fIf/ adj. literate saksharta ;fIf/tf n. literacy sal ;fn n. year [of vikram samvat] salabalaunu ;nanfpgÚ v.i. to move restlessly salah ;nx n. locust salai ;nfO{ n. matches salaiko batta ;nfO{ a§f n. match-box salakhala ;fnfvfnf adj. on the average

112 salana ;fnfgf adj. annually, every year, yearly sali ;fnL n. wife's younger sister salig ;flnu n. statue, effigy, idol, image salik ;flns n. statue, effigy, idol, image salinda ;flnGbf adj. annually, every year sallaha ;Nnfx n. consultation, advice, counsel, conference, deliberation sallahakar ;Nnfxsf/ advisor, consultant salo ;fnf] n. wif's younger brother samacar ;dfrf/ n. news, information samadhan ;dfwfg n. solving the problem, cracking the nuts, removel of doubts samagra ;du| adj. whole, all, entire, complete samaj ;dfh n. society samaj shastra ;dfh zf:q n. sociology samajik ;fdflhs adj. social samajvad ;fdfHjfb n. socialism samajvadi ;fdfHjfbL n./adj. socialist samajvadi rajya ;fdfHjfbL /fHo n. socialist state samaksha ;dIf postp. before, in front of, samalocana ;dfnf]rgf n. review saman ;fdfg n. things, materials, apparatus, tools, belongings, appliances saman ;dfg adj. similar, equal, alike, uniform, equivalent, identical, tantamount samanta ;dfgtf n. equality, equivalence, parity, similarity, likeness samanti ;fdGtL adj. feudal, feudatory samanvaya ;dGjo n. combination, union, uniformity, harmony, natural succession samanya ;fdfGo adj. ordinary, general, common, usual, trivial, insignificant samanya ling ;fdfGo lné n. double gender samanya nam ;fdfGo gfd n. generic term

113 samapta ;dfKt adj. finished, completed, accomplished samarpan ;dk{)f n. offering, dedication, surrender, deliverynce, disposal, assignment samartha ;dy{ adj. mighty, powerful, strong, able samarthak ;dy{s n./adj. supporter, vindicator; supporting samarthan ;dy{g n. support, ratification, corroboration samarthata ;dy{tf n. capability, competence samasta ;d:t adj. whole, entire, all samasti ;dli^ n. collectiveness, totality, aggregate samastigat ;dli^ut adv. collectively samasya ;d:o n. problem, dilemma samasyagrasta ;d:ofu|:t adj. problematic samata ;dtf n. equalness, similarity, evenness samatal ;dtn adj. plain, level, smooth, even, flat; moderate samay ;do n. time, period, season, opportunity, leisure, occasion sambal ;Dan n. support sambandha ;DaGw n. relation, relationship, connection, association, affinity sambandhi ;DaGwL suff. related with, pertaining to sambandhi sarvanam ;DaGwL ;j{gfd n. relative pronoun sambhavana ;Defjgf n. possibility, probability sambhavatah ;DejtM adv. possible, in all probability sambhranta ;De|fGt adj. perplexed, confused, bewildered sambodhan ;Daf]wg n. address, calling aloud; vocative case samcar ;Drf/ n. news, information samdhi ;DwL n. son's father-in-law, daughter's father-in-law samdhini ;lDwgL n. son's mother-in-law, daughter's mother-in-law samet ;d]t postp. with, together with,

114 including, included saminya ;fdLGo adj. simple, common samiti ;ldlt n. committee samjhana ;D´gf n. remembrance, reminiscence, memory samma ;Dd postp. upto, as far as sammat ;Ddt adv. unanimous, agreeing, agreed to, approved, sanctioned, permitted sammati ;Ddlt n. opinion, consent, approval, permission, acceptance, assent sammelan ;Dd]ng n. meating, conference sammilit ;DdLlnt adj. with eyes shut, with eyes closed, covered sammyaunu ;DDofpgÚ v.t. to level, to make plain sampadak ;Dkfbs n. editor sampadakiya ;DkfbsLo adj. editorial sampadakiya sahayak ;DkfbsLo ;xfos n. assistant editor sampadakiya vibhag ;DkfbsLo ljefu n. editorial department sampanna ;DkGg adj. rich, well-off, prosperous, wealthy, well-to-do samparka ;Dks{ n. company, association, union sampradaya ;Dk|bfo n. sect, religious society, mode, tradition, usage, custom sampurna ;Dk')f{ adj. complete, whole, entire, all, total, perfect, finished samrat ;d|f^\ n. emperor, sovereign, king of the kings samriddha ;d[$ adj. important samu ;fdÚ postp. before, in front of, opposite, facing samuccaya ;dÚRro n. assemblage, mass, collection samudaya ;dÚbfo n. collection, assemblage, group samudayavacak nam ;dÚfojfrs gfd n. collective noun, generic term samudayik ;fdÚbflos adj. collective, pertaining to community samudra ;dÚb| n. sea, ocean

115 samudra sataha ;dÚb|–;tx n. sea level samuha ;d'x n. collection, assemblage, group samuhik ;d'lxs adj. collective samunnati ;dÚGglt n. progress, development, elevation, rise samyatantra ;fDotGq n. communism samyavad ;fDojfb n. communism samyavadi ;fDojfbL n./adj. communist san ;g n. jute sana buva ;fgf aÚjf n. mother's younger sister's husband sancalan ;+rfng n. managing, directing sancalan ;~rng n. movement sancalit ;~rflnt adj. managed, conducted, directed sancar ;~rf/ n. movement, motion sancaran ;~r/)f n. movement, motion sanco ;frf] n./adj. 1. key; true, sincere, genuine, real sandarbha ;Gbe{ n. treatise, a collection of anthology, formation, construction; context, appendage, expansion sandarbha-suci ;Gbe{;"rL n. bibliography sandesh ;Gb]z n. information, news, message; command; gift present sandhe ;f(] n. bull sanga ;ª postp. with, along with sangai lanu ;ª} nfgÚ v.t. to take along, to take away sangasangai ;ª;ª} adj. together sanggathan ;é&g n. organization, union, league sanggathanatmak ;+u&gfTds adj. organizational sanggathanik ;é&lgs adj. organizational sanggharsa ;+#if{ n. struggle, conflict, strife, friction sangh ;+# n. assembly, association, multitude, monastery sanghu ;f#Ú n. wooden bridge (of a log or planks), small bridge

116 (usually made of bamboos or planks of wood) sangkalan ;°ng n. collection, compilation sangkalpa ;°Nk n. solemn promise, resolve, solution, determination sangkat ;+s& n. distress, peril, caöamity, agony sangkat ;°^ n. hint, symbol, gesture, sign sangketik ;fª\s]lts adj. token, nominal, symbolic, indicative sanglo ;fª\nf] n. roach sanguro ;fuÚ/f] adj. narrow sangyojik ;+of]lhs n. conjunction sangyukta rastra ;+oÚQm /fi^« ;+# United Nations sangh Organization sani ama ;fgL cfdf n. mother's younger sister sanishcavar ;lgZrjf/ n. Saturday sanivar ;lgjf/ n. Saturday sanjha ;f´ adv. in the evening sanjha paryo ;f´ k¥oF] it became evening sankhyabodhak ;+Voaf]ws adj. numerical [grammar] sankhyamatrabodhak ;+Vofdfqaf]ws n. cardinal number sankramankal ;+qmd)fsfn n. transitional period sano ;fgf] adj. small, little, inferior sanp ;fk n. snake sanracana ;+/rgf n. structure, composition, anatomy sanrakshak ;+/Ifs n. keeper, preserver, guardian sanrakshan ;+/If)f n. guardianship, patronage, protection, conservation, tutelage sansad ;+;b n. parliament sansadiya ;;bLo adj. parliamentary sansadiya vyavastha ;;bLo Joj:yf n. parliamentary affairs sanshodhan ;+zf]wg n. correction, purification, refinement, revision, amendment sanshodhit ;+zf]lwt adj. corrected, amended, revised sanskar ;+:sf/ n. reformation, initiation,

117 purification sanskaran ;+:s/)f n. correction, act of refining; edition sanskrit ;+:s[t n. Sanskrit sanskriti ;+:s[lt n. culture, customs, tradition sanskritik ;+:s[lts adj. cultural sanskritmaya ;+:s[tdo adj. sanskritized, full of Sanskrit sansmaran ;+:d/)f n. recollection, memory, remembrance sanstha ;+:yf n. institution, establishment sansthagat ;+:yfut adj. institutional sansthan ;+:yfg n. institution, establishment, corporation sansthapan ;+:yfkg n. establishment, founding, initiation, inauguration, foundation santa ;Gt n. mendicant, ascetic, pious person, devotee santa-mahanta ;GtdxGt n. holy men santan ;Gtfg n. family, extended family, lineage, genealogy, offsoring, children, breeding santanabbe ;GtfgAa] num. ninety-seven, 97 santan-nigraha ;Gtfglgu|x n. birth control, family planning santan-nirodh ;Gtfglg/f]w n. birth control, family planning santaunna ;GtfpGg num. fifty-seven, 57 santulan ;GtÚng n. equalization, making equal sanu ;fgÚ adj. small, little, inferior sanu ;fg' adj. small, little, inferior sanvaidhanik ;+j]wflgs adj. constitutional sanvarddhan ;+j${g n. rearing, breeding, fostering sanvedanshil ;+j]bgzLn adj. sensitive, sensible, feeling sanvidhan ;+ljwfg n. constitution saph ;fkm adj. clear, fair, pure, unadulterated, obvious, bright sapha ;kmf adj. clean, clear, pure, transparent

118 saphal ;kmn adj. successful, effective, fruitful saphalibhut ;kmnLe't adj. successful saphalta ;kmntf n. success, achievement sar ;f/ n. substance, essence, kernel, purport, chief part, vigour, spirit sara ;f/f adj. all, whole, entire, complete saraha ;/x adj. similar, like, resembling, on equal footing saral ;/n adj. easy, simple, plain, straightforward, upright, sincere saranggi ;f/éL n. Sarangi, a kind of violin sarapnu ;/fKgÚ v.t. to curse saripha ;l/kmf n. custard-apple sarkar ;/sf/ n. government, administration sarkari ;/sf/L adj. governmental, public, official, administrative sarkari bhasa ;/sf/L efiff n. official language sarnu ;fgÚ{ v.t. to move, to remove, to shift, to copy, to infect sarnu ;gÚ{ v.i. to move, to spread sarp ;k{ n. snake sarva ;j{ adj. all, entire, whole, complete sarvahara ;j{xf/f n. proletariat sarvajan ;j{hg pron. everybody sarvajanik ;fj{hlgs adj. public sarvanam ;j{gfd n. pronoun sarvanamik ;fj{gflds adj. pronominal sarvapracin ;j{k|frLg adj. oldest sarvashrestha ;j{>]i& adj. best of all, preeminent, highest, supreme, paramount sarvasva ;j{:j n. entire property, everything sarvatomukhi ;j{tf]dÚlv adj. universal, all pervading sarvekshan ;j]{If)f n. survey sarvesarva ;j]{;jf{ adj. all-in-all, supreme, chied of all sasana ;f;gf n. punishment, suppression

119 sashakta ;zQm adj. potential, powerful, strong, forceful sashastra ;z:q adj. armed, equipped with arms sasto ;:tf] adj. cheap sasu ;f;' n. mother-in-law sasura ;;Ú/f n. father-in-law sasuro ;;Ú/f] n. father-in-law sat ;t\ n. existence, essence, substance, goodness sat ;ft num. seven sata ;ftf n. week, period of seven days sataha ;tx n. surface, level satahi ;^xL n. exchange of currency satani ;^gL n. change, exhange, interchange satasi ;tf;L num. eighty-seven, 87 sataun ;ftf}+ adj. seventh satcalis ;TrfnL; num. forty-seven sath ;fy postp. with, including sathattar ;txQ/ num. seventy-seven, 77 sathi ;fyL n. friend, companion sathi ;f&L num. sixty, 60 sati ;tL n. Sati, virtuous wife, chaste woman, faithful woman satopuglo ;ftf]kÚUnf] n. spirit, presence of mind satra ;q num. seventeen, 17 satsatthi ;T;^\&L num. sixty-seven, 67 satta ;§f n. change, exhange, interchange satta ;§f n. speculation sattais ;QfO{; num. twenty-seven, 27 sattari ;Q/L num. seventy, 70 sattarudh ;Qf?( adj. ruling, wielding power satu ;ftÚ n. flour of dryfried corn satya ;To adj. true, real, right, veritable, correct, honest saun ;fpg n. fourth month of the Nepali year [July-August]

120 saundarya ;f}Gbo{ beauty, charm, pretiness saunvar ;fpñjf/ n. Monday saurya ;f}o{ adj. solar sauta ;f}tf n. co-wife sava ;jf adj. a quarter past saval ;jfn n. question, plumb, a laden weight on a line saya ;o num. hundred, 100 sekaunu ;]sfpgÚ v.t. to roast, to warm up sekuva ;]sÚjf n. roasted meat selaunu ;]nfpgÚ v.t. to cool selroti ;]n/f]^L n. Nepalese doughnut made of rice flour sepilo ;]lknf] adj. shaded, dark seto ;]tf] adj. white seva ;]jf n. service, attendance, worship sevan ;]jg n. service, attendance, worship shabda zAb n. word shabdakos zAbsf]if n. dictionary shahar zx/ n. town shaharikaran zx/Ls/)f n. urbanization shahi zfxL adj. royal shahid zfxLb n. martyr shakta zQm adj. able, capable, strong, vigorous, energetic, hard, firm shakti zlQm n. strength, power, prowess, capability, calibre, vigour, energy shaktihina zlQmxLg adj. powerless, impotent, enervated shaktiman zlQmdfg adj. powerful, capable, mighty, vigorous shaktiparikshan zlQmk/LIf)f n. trial of strength shaktishali zlQmzfnL adj. powerful, strong shamel zfd]n adj. assembled, gathered together, united together shamil zfldn adj. assembled, gathered

121 together, united together shangka z°f n. doubt, suspicion, apprehension shankalu z+sfnÚ adj. suspicious, questionable, prone to suspicion, vague shankaradeva z+s/b]j n. Shankaradeva [a Licchavi king, grandfather of Manadeva I] shanta zfGt adj. calm, quiet, mild, serene, pacific, grave, silent sharad z/b n. early autumn sharan z/)f n. protection, shelter sharanarthi z/)ffyL{ n. refugee, shelter-seeker sharat z/t n. early autumn sharir z/L/ n. body shasak zf;s n. administrator, ruler, governor shasakiya zf;sLo adj. governmental, administrative, public shasan zf;g n. command, authority, governance, reign shasan parivartan zf;g kl/jt{g n. coup, putsch shasana zf;gf n. punishment, suppression shasankal zf;gsfn n. term of office, reign shasankarta zf;gstf{ n. administrator, ruler, governor shasanpaddhati zf;gk$lt n. polity, system of government shasan-pranali zf;gk|)ffnL n. government, constitution shasantantra zf;gktGq n. government, constituion shasit zfl;t adj. ruled, administered, governed; punished shastra z:q n. weapon, arms, tool, instrument shatabda ztfAb n. century shatabdi ztfAbL n. century shatak zts adj. hundred, 100 shatru zqÚ n. enemy shatruta zqÚtf n. enmity, hostility shaucalaya zf}rfno n. rest room, toilet shav zj n. corpse

122 shayad zfob adv. perhaps, maybe sherpa z]kf{ n. Sherpa [a Nepali nationality] shikariko svarg lzsf/Lsf] :ju{ n. hunting paradise shiksha lzIff n. education shikshak lzIfs n. teacher shikshan lzIf)f n. teaching, instruction, education shir lz/ n. head, crest, noddle, summit, top of anything Shista lzi^ adj. gentle, polite, mannerly, civil, wellbred, refined, trained shisya lzio n. student, pupil, disciple shithilta lzlyntf n. feebleness, weakness, looseness, laxity shlok Zn]]s n. verse, stanza, poetry, couplet shobha zf]ef n. beauty, handsomeness, magnificence, elegance, lustre, replendence shos zf]if n. suction, drying up, withering, dryness, absorption, sucking shosak zf]ifs adj. absorbent, withering shosan zf]if)f n. suction, drying up, withering, dryness, absorption, sucking, exploitation shosit zf]lift adj. exploited shram >d n. hard labour, toil, exertion shravan >fj)f n. fourth month of the Nepali year [July-August] shri >L n. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss shrilangka >Lnéf n. Sri Lanka shriman >Ldfg n. husband shrimati >LdtL n. wife shuddha zÚ$ adj. pure, genuine, chaste, uncontaminated, clear, uncorrupted, unadulterated shukavar zÚsjf/ n. Friday shukla paksha zÚSn kIf comp. the moonlit half of a lunar month

123 shukravar zÚqmjf/ n. Friday shunya z'Go n./adj. empty, nill, zero shur z'/ adj. hero, warrior, champion shuru zÚ¿ n. start, beginning shuru garnu zÚ¿ ugÚ{ to start, to begin shyarpa Zofkf{ n. Sherpa [a Nepali nationality] siddhanta l;$fGt n. doctrine, tenet, established truth siddhi l;l$ n. perfection, accomplishment, maturity, fulfilment, victory siddhyaunu l;$ØfpgÚ v.t. to finish, to complete, to kill sikkim l;lSsd n. Sikkim siknu l;SgÚ v.t. to learn silbar l;Na/ n. aluminium siling l;lnª n. ceiling sima ;Ldf n. boundary, border, limit, landmark simana l;dfgf n. boundary, border, limit, landmark simi l;dL n. bean simit ;Lldt adj. limited, restricted sinbi l;+aL n. bean sincai l;+rfO n. watering, irrigation sincit l;l~rt adj. irrigated, drenched sindur l;+b'/ n. vermilion, lead powder sindure l;+b'/] adj. scarlet, vermilion-coloured singgapur l;+ufkÚ/ Singapur sinha l;+x n. lion sinhasan l;+xf;g n. throne, lion's seat sinki l;GsL n. soured raddish, fermented raddish sip ;Lk n. handicraft, handiwork, art, craft, arts and crafts, skill sipahi l;kfxL n. soldier sipalu l;kfnÚ adj. skilful, experienced, clever, skilled sipharish l;kmfl/z n. recommendation, letter of

124 support; intercession sirak l;/s n. quilt sirani l;/fgL n. pillow sirjana l;h{gf n. creation, formation, construction sisa ;L;f n. lead sita l;t postp. with, along with siune kal l;pg] sn n. sewing machine siunu l;pgÚ v.i. to sew, to stitch siyo l;of] n. needle skulma padhnu :s'ndf k(\gÚ comp. to go to school smaran-patra :d/)f–kq n. reminder, memorandum smarika :dfl/sf n. monument, memorial; commemorative volume smriti :d[lt n. memory, remembrance, memento smriti-patra :d[lt–kq n. reminder, memorandum snan :gfg n. bath snankotha :gfgsf]&f n. bathroom so ;f adj. that, that one, he, she sobhita ;f]letf n. cobalt socnu ;f]RgÚ v.t. to think, to ponder, to consider sodhakhoj ;f]wvf]h n. research program, research project sohra ;f]x| num. sixteen, 16 sojho ;f]´f] adj. straigt, straigtforward, honest somvar ;f]djf/ n. Monday sopan ;f]kfg n. steps, ladder, staircase spast :ki^ adj. distinct, clear, intelligible, lucid, apparent, evident sresta ;|:tf n. book-keeping, account, register book srot ;|f]t n. current, stream, channel, water course, source of income srot ra sadhan >f]t / ;fwg n. resources stambha :tDe n. column stan :tg n. breast

125 stava :tj n. praise, admiration; prayer, hymn steshan :^]zg n. station sthagit :ylut adj. postpones, adjourned sthan :yfg n. place, spot, site, position, house sthaniya :yfgLo adj. local, territorial, regional, topical sthapan :yfkg n. establishment, foundation, setting up, creation, planting, placing sthapana :yfkgf n. establishment, foundation, setting up, creation, planting, placing sthapit :yflkt adj. propounded, founded, established, instituted, set up, fixed, placed, erected, installed sthayi :yfoL adj. pßermanent, stationary, fast, durable, lasting, stable, steady sthayitva :yfloTj n. permanence, durability, sustainment sthira l:y/ adj. stable, firm, fixed, permanent, constant, steadfast, immovable, determined, patient sthirata l:y/tf n. immobility, steadiness, stability, constancy, immutability, patience sthiratva l:y/Tjf n. immobility, steadiness, stability, constancy, immutability, patience sthiti l:ylt n. place, position, circumstance, condition, phase, equilibrium striling :qLlné n. female [grammar] stuti :t"lt n. praise, glorification, eulogy, admiration; hymn of praise, invocation, solemn prayer subista ;Úla:tf n. easiness, comfort subistako ;Úla:tfsf] adj. comfortable, easy sucana ;'rgf n. notice, notification, information, advertisement, indication, hint sucanapatra ;'rgfkq n. advertisement, notice

126 suci ;'lr n. needle, a pointed piece of iron, goad, prong suci ;'rL n. liste, table, index, catalogue sudhar ;Úwf/ n. improvement, reform, reformation, correction, amendment, renovationr sudharak ;Úwf/s n. reformer, improver, disciplinarian sudharnu ;ÚwfgÚ{ v.t. to correct, to reform, to amend, to make better sudridha ;Úb[( adv. very strong, very firm, very rigid suga ;'uf n. parrot sujhau ;'´fp n. suggestion, advice, counsel sujhav ;'´fj n. suggestion, advice, counsel sukhi ;"vL adj. happy, pleased, delighted sukhiya ;"lvof adj. pleasure loving, pleasant, happy sukti ;"lQm n. good saying, beautiful sentence sukul ;ÚsÚn n. a kind of straw mat, a person of high or respectable family sukumvasi ;ÚsÚdjf;L n./adj. a homeless person, homeless sukuti ;ÚsÚ^L n. dried meat, jerk sun ;Úg n. gold sunaulo ;Úgf}nf] adj. golden sunaunu ;ÚgfpgÚ v.t. to make others hear, to tell sundar ;ÚGb/ adj. beautiful, nice, pretty, charming sundha ;Ú( n. trunk (of an elephant) snout sungur ;ÚuÚ/ n. pig, hog suntala ;ÚGtnf n. tangerine suntale ;ÚGtn] adj. orange-coloured sunuvar ;ÚgÚjf/ n. Sunuwar [a Nepali nationality] supari ;Úkf/L n. areca nut, betel nut suraksha ;Ú/Iff protection, security surakshit ;Ú/lIft adj. well protected, in safety

127 surti ;ÚtL{ n. tobacco suruva ;Ú?jf n. meat broth, meat soup surya ;'o{ n. sun susajjit ;Ú;lHht adj. well adorned, well prepared susangat ;Ú;+ut well associated, well accompanied; reasonable susangata ;Ú;+utf n. good association, good companionship susangati ;Ú;+ult n. good companionship suselnu ;Ú;]NgÚ v.t. to whistle suselo ;Ú;]nf] n. whistling, sighing; whistling sound made by the wind, sound produced by water while flowing sushasan ;Úzf;g n. good government, good rule, good administration sushri ;Ú>L n. Miss susta ;Ú:t adj. lazy, slow, idle, tardy, inactive sutne kotha ;ÚTg] sf]&f n. bed room sutnu ;ÚTgÚ v.i. to sleep, to go to sleep, to go to bed, to lie down sutrapat ;'qkft n. beginning, commencement suvidha ;Úljwf n. facility, convenience suvista ;Úlj:tf n. easiness, comfort svabhav :jefj n. habit, nature, temperament, character svabhavatah :jefjtM adv. naturally, by nature svabhavik :jefljs adj. natural, by nature svaccha :jR% adj. clean, clear, pure, transparent svad :jfb n. taste svadhin :jfwLg adj. independent, free, self- governing, autonomous svadhinata :jfwLgtf n. independence, freedom, autonomy svami :jfdL n. master, owner, lord, proprietor, husband svar :j/ n. voice, sound, tune, tone, vowel svarg :ju{ n. heaven, paradise, sky, heavens; a beautiful place,

128 a pleasant site svargavas :ju{jf; n. death, passing away svarup :j¿k n. shape, form, apperarance svasni :jf:gL n. wife [common] svasnimanche :jf:gLdfG%] n. woman svasth :j:y adj. healthy svasthya :jf:Yo n. health svatah :jtM adj. voluntarily, spontaneous, of one's own accord svatantra :jtGq adj. free svatantrata :jtGqtf n. freedom, independence svatantrata divas :jtGqtf lbj; n. independence day svayam :jod adv. personally, self svayambhunath :jfoDe'gfy n. Swayambhunath svayamev :jod]j adv. personally, self svayamsevak :jod;]js n. volunteer svayang :jo+ adj. personally, self svayatta :jfoQ adj. autonomous, under one's control svayatta shasan :jfoQ zf;g n. autonomy, self-government svayattashasi :jfoQzf;L adj. autonomous svayattata :jfoQtf n. autonomy svikar :jLsf/ n. acceptance, confession, assent, agreement svikrit :jLs[t adj. accepted, agreed, consented, conferred svikriti :jLs[lt n. acceptance, sanction, approbation, acknowledgement, consent syal :ofn n. jackal syau :ofp n. apple tadha ^f(f adj. far (away) tadkanu t*\sgÚ v.i. to walk speedily, to shout, to cry tadkinu t*\lsgÚ v.i. to walk speedily, to shout, to cry tai tfO{ n. flat iron pan taipani t}klg conj. though, notwithstanding taja tfhf adj. fresh, not stale; green,

129 unfaded; recent tak tfs n. time, hour, opportunity, chance tak ^s n. reflection, light; gazing, staring; looking at the things with closing the eyes takaliph tsnLkm n. trouble, pain, affliction takiya tlsof n. pillow takuro ^fsÚ/f] n. summit, top, peak, apex tal tfn n. lake tala tfnf n. lock tala tn postp. down, below tala tnf n. floor talak tns postp. upto, as long as talca tfNrf n. lock talika tflnsf n. list, key, table, schedule talim tfnLd n. training, teaching talkanu ^NsgÚ v.i. to shine, to glitter, to sparkle talkinu ^lNsgÚ v.i. to shine, to glitter, to sparkle talmel tfnd]n n. co-ordination, concordance, harmony, agreement talu tfnÚ n. palate tama tfdf n. copper tamakhu tdfvÚ n. tobacco tamang tfdfª n. Tamang [a Nepali nationality] tamsanu tD;gÚ v.i. to be forward, to be active tamu tdÚ n. Tamu, Gurung [a Nepali nationality] tanahun tgxÚ n. Tanahun [former mini-state; today district in western Nepal] tanav tgfj n. tension, tenseness, strain, tautness tanba tfaf n. copper tanda tGbf n. bed-sheet tannu tfGgÚ v.t. to draw, to pull, to drag

130 tansnu ^f:gÚ v.t. to stick, to fasten, to join tap tk n. penance, practice, heat, warmth tap tfk n. heat, warmth; mental sorrow, anxiety, regret tapani tfklg conj. although, nevertheless tapari ^k/L n. a plate made of leaves, leaf-plate tapke tfKs] n. frying pan tar t/ n. cream tara tf/f n. star tara t/ conj. but taranga t/é n. wave, whim, caprice; emotion, vibration taraph t/km n. direction, side taraph t/km conj. towards tarbuja taÚ{hf n. watermelon tari khet ^f/L v]t n. terraced field tarika t/Lsf n. method, manner, way, means tarikh tf/Lv n. date [according to the western calendar] tariko sag tf/Lsf] ;fu n. mustard greens [small] tark ts{ n. debate, discussion, argument tarkari tsf{gL n. vegetable curry tarnu tfgÚ{ v.t. to deep fry tarph tkm{ conj. towards tarph tkm{ n. direction, side tarphbata tkm{af& postp. on the part of, from tarul t?n n. yam tarun t?)f n. young man, youth, juvenile taruno t?gf] n. young man, youth, juvenile tasartha t;y{ int. on account of that, from that reason, therefore taskar t:s/ n. smuggler taskari t:s/L n. smuggling tat t^ n. shore, bank, beach, coast tatastha t^:y adj. neutral, objective,

131 indifferent tataunu ttfpgÚ v.t. to heat, to warm up tatha tyf conj. and tathya tYo n. truth, reality, substance tato ^f^f] n. mark, spot, scar, stain tato tftf] adj. warm, hot tato pani tftf] kfgL n. hot water, warm water tattva tQj n. truth; true state, essence, substance, the real factor of bringing things into existence tau tfp n. sheet of paper tauko ^fpsf] n. head taulanu tf}ngÚ v.t. to weigh, to compare tauliya tf}lnof n. towel tavar tj/ n. manner, way, mode, method tayar tof/ adv. ready tayar garnu tof/ ugÚ{ v.t. to make ready tayar hunu tof/ xÚgÚ v.i. to be ready, to make ready tayarima tof/L n. readiness, preparation tebbar t]Aa/ adj. thrice, threefold, three times, triplicate tehra t]x| num. thirteen, 13 teis t]O{; num. twenty-three, 23 tekne lauro ^]Sg] nf}/f] n. staff, walking stick telbij t]naLh n. oilseed telhan t]nxg n. oilseed tenis ^]lg; n. tennis ternu ^]gÚ{ v.t. to obey, to respect; to pay attention tesro t];|f] adj. third tesro dhrava t];|f] w|j n. third pole tettis t]QL; num. thirty-three, 33 thag &u n. cheat, knave, swindler thagaha &ufxf n. cheat, knave, swindler thagnu &UgÚ v.i. to cheat, to deceive thaha yfxf n. knowledge, information

132 thakai ysfO n. fatigue, weariness, exhaustion thakali ysfnL n. Thakali [a Nepali nationality] thaknu yfSgÚ v.i. to get tired, to become tired, to be exhausted thal yfn n. plate thali yfnL n. small plate thalni yfNgL n. beginning, commencement thalnu yfNgÚ v.t. to begin, to start, to commence thalo ynf] n. place, land; levelled high place, table land thamaunu &dfpgÚ v.t. to recognize, to know thami yfdL n. Thami [a Nepali nationality] thamyaunu &DofpgÚ v.t. to recognise, to know thana yfgf n. police station. police post thana &fgf n. police station. police post thanda &G*f adj. cold, chilly thanda marubhumi &)*f d?e"ld n. tundra thannu &fGgÚ v.t. to think, to determine thapnu yfKgÚ v.t. to establish, to erect, to place thar y/ n. clan, tribe, subcaste tharkaunu ysf{pgÚ v.t. to frighten, to shake tharu yf? n. Tharu [a Nepali nationality] thati yfgL n. pawn, stake, postponement thaun &fpñ n. place, spot, opportunity thegnu y]UgÚ v.i. to last, to persist, to endure theknu &]SgÚ v.t. to fix, to sum up, to appoint, to post thicnu lyRgÚ v.t. to press, to crush, to squeeze thik &Ls adj. right, correct thiti l&^L n. lass, girl, young women thiti lylt n. arrangement, order, custom, regulation, usage thiti-riti lyltl/lt n. arrangement, order, custom, regulation, usage

133 thito l&^f] n. lad, boy, young man thople yf]Kn] adj. spotted thopo yf]kf] n. drop, speck thor yf]/ adj. less thorai yf]/} adj. a little, few thuli ama &'nL cfdf n. father's elder brother's wife, mother's elder sister thulo &'nf] adj. big thulo ba &'nf] af n. father's elder brother, mother's elder sister's husband thulo buva &'nf] aÚjf n. father's elder brother, mother's elder sister's husband thunse yÚG;] n. a large close-meshed basket thunuva yÚgÚjf adj. imprisoned, arrested thuprai aunu yÚk|} cfpgÚ v.i. to pour in, to swarm in thupro yÚk|f] n. heap, mound, pile, crowd ti tL pron. those tibbat ltAat n. Tibet tighra lt#|f n. thigh tihun ltxÚg n. vegetable stew tikho tLvf] adj. sharp, pointed tiknu l^SgÚ v.i. to last, to remain, to endure til tLn n. sesame tin l^g n. tin tin tLg num. three, 3 tinma ltgdf under it, under them, under there tinma adhi bhanda ltgdf cf#L eGbf s]xL a little bit more than half of kehi badhi them a(L tippani l^Kk)fL n. note, annotation, comment, commentary, observation, critical remark tippanikar l^Kk)fLsf/ n. commentator tira lt/ postp. towards, in direction to tirnu ltgÚ{ v.t. tp pay tirsana lt;{gf n. desire for drink and food,

134 thirst; desire, wish, ambition tis tL; num. thirty, 30 tithi ltly n. date [according to the astrological calendar] titri ltqL n. a sour fruit [relished for pickle], tamarind toknu tf]SgÚ v.t. to fix, to determine, to appoint, to decide toli ^f]nL n. small group, btch, party, team topalnu ^f]kNgÚ v.t. to pretend, to make a pretext tori tf]/L n. mustard torika phul dekhnu tf]/Lsf kmn b]VgÚ to be astonished tran qf)f n. protection, defence, safety tribhuj lqeÚh n. triangle tricalis lqrfnL; num. forty-three, 43 trihattar lqxQ/ num. seventy-three, 73 tripanna lqkGg num. fifty-three, 53 trisatthi lq;^\&L num. sixty-three, 63 tritiya purus t[tLo kÚ?if n. third person [ling.] tritiyapurusvacak t[tLo kÚ?ifjfrs n. third person [grammar] triyakalap lqofsnfk n. function, task triyanabbe lqofgAa] num. ninety-three, 93 triyasi lqof;L num. eighty-three, 83 tukra ^Úqmf n. a small piece, tukrinu ^ÚlqmgÚ v.i. to be divided to pieces tulana tÚngf n. comparison, similarity tunginu ^Ú+lugÚ v.i. to come to an end, to be finished, to be completed tupi ^ÚkL n. pig-tail turunta tÚ?Gt adj. immediate tyag Tofu n. desertion, abandonment tyahan Toxf adv. there tyas tak To; tfs adv. at that time tyasai To;} adv. in that way, without any reason; free, vain tyasaile To;}n] conj. therefore, so

135 tyaso hunale To;f] xÚgfn] conj. so, thus tyasprati To;k|lt adv. in this connection, concerning this tyasto To:tf] pron. such, that kind of, like that tyatiko Toltsf] adj. that much, that big ubhayaling peoln¨ n. double gender ubhinu plegÚ v.i. to stand up, to stand, to get up ubhyaunu pEofpgÚ v.t. to cause to stand, to raise up ubjani pAhgL n. production, productivity ubjanu pAhgÚ v.i. to grow, to grow up, to be produced ubjaunu pAhfpgÚ v.t. to produce, to cause to grow ubranu pa|gÚ v.i. to be left over ucalnu prfNgÚ v.t. to lift up ucca pRr adj. high, lofty, upper, superior ucca parvatiya pRr kj{tLo adj. alpine udaharan pbfx/)f n. instance, example, illustration udaharaniya pbfx/)fLo adj. exemplary udan p*fg n. flight, act of flying or fleeing udar pbf/ adj. high minded, munificent, generous, open-hearted, noble-minded udarashaya pbf/fzo adj. generous, high-minded, magnanimous udarta pbf/tf n. generosity, liberality, magnanimity, nobleness udarvad pbf/jfb n. liberalism udarvadi pbf/jfbL n. liberal, liberalist udas pbf; adj. sad udasi pbf;L adj. sad udaunu p*fpgÚ v.t. to cause to fly; to waste, to squander, to gobble udaunu pbfpgÚ v.i. to rise (sun or moon) udaya pbo n. rising, ascent, dawning uddesh p@]z n. desire, wish, intention, purpose uddeshya p@]Zo n. aim, objective

136 uddhar p$f/ n. kindness, charity udgar pb\uf/ n. exclamation, emotional statement udharnu pwfg{ v.t. to rip up udhinnu plwÌGgÚ v.t. to dig up, to pick out, to find out, to search, to select udnu p*\gÚ v.i. to fly udus p*Ú; n. bedbug udyamashil pBdzLn adj. industrial udyat pBt adj. ready, prepared, raised, brought up udyog pBf]u n. industry, enterprise, effort, diligence udyogi pBf]uL adj. industrious ugharnu p#fgÚ{ v.t. to open, to unlock ughranu p#|gÚ v.i. to be opened ugra pu| adj. wrathful, angry, fierce uhan pxf pron. he, she [very polite] uhile plxn] adv. then, at that time, many years ago, long ago ujad phf* adj. deserted, isolated ujyalo pHofnf] adj. light ukali psfnL n. upward gradient ukalnu psfNgÚ v.t. to lift ukalo psfnf] n./adj. steepness, upward gradient; steep ukasnu psf:gÚ v.t. ro raise, to rouse ukelnu ps]NgÚ v.t. to vomit, to spew out ukhan pvfg n. proverb, saying, aphorism ukhelnu pv]NgÚ v.t. to uproot, to remove ukhu pvÚ n. sugar cane ukkaunu pSsfpgÚ v.t. to break open, to initiate ukkinu plSsgÚ v.i. to be selected, to be picked out uklanu pSngÚ v.t. to climb up, to ascend ukta pQm adj. mentioned, said ukti plQm n. statement, remark, a saying

137 ukusmukusaunu psÚ;dÚsÚ;fpgÚ v.t. to stifle, to cause claustrophobia ullangghan pNn+#g n. violation, contravention ullas pNnf; n. joy, delight ullekh pNn]v n. mention, reference, description ullekhniya pNn]vgLo adj. remarkable, worthy of being mentioned ullikhit pNn]lvt adj. written, mentioned ulto pN^f] adj. opposite, upside-down umalnu pdfNgÚ v.t. to cause to boil umarnu pdfgÚ{ v.t. to cause to sprout umedvar pd]bjf/ n. candidate umer pd]/ n. age, length of life umkanu pDsgÚ v.i. to escape, to get free, to slip out umlanu pDngÚ v.i. to boil, to bubble up, to simmer ummedvar pDd]bjf/ n. candidate umranu pd|gÚ v.i. to sprout, to spring up, to grow up un pmg n. wool unancas pgGrf; num. forty-nine, 49 unannabbe pgfGgAa] num. eighty-nine unansattari pgfG;Q/L num. sixty-nine, 69 unansaya pgfG;o num. ninety-nine, 99 unasi pgf;L num. seventy-nine, 79 unca pmrf adj. high, lofty uncai pmrfO n. height, tallness, summit uncalis pGrfnL; num. thirty-nine, 39 unco pmrf] adj. high unco prf] adj. high uni kammal pmgL sDdn n. wollen blanket unmulan pGd'ng n. uprooting, destruction, eradication unnais pGgfO{; num. nineteen, 19 unnat pGgt adj. risen, progressed, improved unnati pGglt n. progress, rise,

138 advancement, improvement, prosperity, elevation unnatishil pGgltzLn adj. progressive unnayak pGgfos n. uplifter, reformer, leader unnayan pGgog n. uplift, development unnu pÌGgÚ v.t. to wreath, to thread, to string, to pass a thread through a needle unsathi pG;f&L num. fifty-nine, 59 unta pm^ n. camel untis pGtL; num. twenty-nine, 29 upabhog pkef]u n. enjoyment upabhokta pkef]Qm n. consumer, user upacar pkrf/ n. remedy, medical treatment, care upadesh pkb]z n. instruction, counsel, lesson upadhi pkflw n. title, attribute, designation, status upahar pkxf/ n. present, gift upaj pkh n. crop, produce, product upakhyan pkfVofg n. legend, tale, episode (of a narration); proverb, sying upakram pkqmd n. plan, programme, preparations, beginning, preamble, preface upalabdha pknAw adj. gained, felt, acquired, attained, available upalabdhi pknAwL n. achievement, accomplishment upalakshya pknIo n. sign, implication, ourpose, occasion upama pkdf n. comparison, simile, likeness upanisad pklgifb\ n. Upanishads (the theological part of the vedas) upanisadvadi pklgifb\jfnL n. (someone who is following the teachings of the Upanishads) upansanhar pk;+xf/ n. conclusion, summary upanyas pkGof; n. novel

139 upar pk/ postp. above, over, for uparastrapati pk/fi^«klt n. vice-president uparna pkgf{ n. scarf, shawl upasabhapati pk;efklt n. vice-chairman [of a meeting, organization or party] upasthiti pkl:ylt n. presence, attendance upatya pkTo n. valley upa-usnakatibandhi pk–pi)fsl^aGwL adj. subtropical upayog pkof]u n. use, utilization, application upayogita pkof]lutf n. usefulness, utility upayukta pkoÚQm adj. proper, suitable, appropriate upeksha pk]Iff n. slight, indignity, neglect, disregard, contempt, scorn upekshit pk]lIft adj. neglected, ignored, discarded, disregarded uphranu pk|mgÚ v.i. to jump, to leap upiyan plkofñ n. flea uralnu p/fNgÚ v.t. to instigate, to incite urlanu pn{gÚ v.i. to surge up, to rise up, to come in waves; to become angry usa piff n. dawn, daybreak usinnu pl;ÌGgÚ v.t. to boil while cooking uso p;f] adj. like that, such uta ptf adv. there, thither utarnu ptfgÚ{ v.t. to cause to get off, to cause to descend, to help to descend, to take off (clothes) uthal-puthal pyn–kÚyn n. overturning, change uthaunu p&fpgÚ v.t. to wake up, to rouse, to cause to rise uthnu p&\gÚ v.i. to get up, to stand up, to stand uti plt adv. that much utnikher plTgv]/ adv. meanwhile, at that time utpadan pTkfbg n. production utpatti pTklQ n. origin, production

140 utpidak pTkL*s n. oppressor utpidit pTkLl*t n. oppression, persecution, harassment utpidit varga pTkLl*t ju{ n. oppressed class utranu pqgÚ v.i. to get off, to descend, to float, to rise out of, to rise above utrinu plqgÚ v.i. to get off, to come down, to descend utsaha pT;fx n. enthusiasm, excitement utsav pT;j n. entertainment, festival, celebration, festivity utsukta pT;Ústf n. enthusiasm, excitement uttam pQd adj. supreme, best uttano pQfgf] adj. flat on one's back uttar pQ/ n. answer, reply; north uttaradhikari pQ/flwsf/L n. heir, successor, inheritor uttardayi pQ/bfoL adj. responsible, answerable, accountable uttejit pQ]lht adj. excited, quickened utthan pTyfg n. upliftment; progress, emancipation vacan jrg n. speech, utterance, talk vad jfb n. theory, dispute, controversy vaicarik j}rfl/s adj. ideological vaidhanik j}wflgs adj. constitutional, according to the constitution vaishakh j}zfv n. first month of the Nepali year [April-May] vajracarya jh|frfo{ n. Vajracharya, Bajracharya, a tantric guru, a Buddhist priest vaktavya jQmJo n. speech, statement, topic vampanthi jfdkGyL n./adj. leftist van biralo jg la/fnf] n. wild cat van upabhokta jg pkef]Qmf ;d'x n. forest users group samuha vanbhoja jfef]h n. picknick vanijya jfl)fHo n. trade, commerce, business vanko dhan jgsf] wfg n. forest resources

141 vansha j+z n. clan, pedigree, dynasty, lineage, birth, family, tribe, generation vardan j/bfg n. boon varga ju{ n. class, kind, series, row varga mil ju{ dLn n. square mile vargahin ju{xLg adj. classless vargahin samaj ju{xLg ;dfh n. classless society varipari jl/kl/ adv. all round, round about, on all sides varnan j)f{g n. description, narration, encomium varsa jif{ n. year varsa jiff{ n. rains, rainy season, monsoon varta jftf{ n. discourse, account, conversation, topic, talk, dialogue vartalap jftf{nfk n. dialogue, conversation, talk, discourse vartaman jt{dfg adj. current, existing, modern, current time, present time vasanta j;Gt n. spring vasi jf;L n. inhabitant, dweller vastavik jf:tljs adj. in reality, essential, genuine, true, virtual vastavikta jf:tljstf n. reality, truth vastu j:tÚ n. thing, item, substance, article, property; cattle vastutah j:tÚtM adv. in reality vatavaran jftfj/)f n. condition, surrounding, environment, circumstances, situation veda j]b n. Veda vela j]nf n. time veshya j]Zof n. prostitute, whore, harlot vibhag ljefu n. section, part, department vibhagiya ljefuLo adj. departmental, related to the department vibhajan ljefhg n. section, part, department vibhinna ljleÌ adj. various, diverse, different kinds of

142 vicalan ljrng n. departure, deviation, moving about, unsteadiness vicar ljrf/ n. consideration, observation, notion, idea, judgement videsh ljb]z n. foreign country videshi ljb]zL n. foreigner videshi sahayata ljb]zL ;xfotf n. foreign aid vidhan ljwfg n. legislation, act, law, ordinance, regulation, rule vidheyak ljw]os n. bill [in a legislature] vidhi ljlw n. method, procedure, law, rule, prescript vidhipurvak ljlwk'j{s adv. duly, methodically, systematically vidhivat ljlwjt adv. duly, methodically, systematically, in conformity with rules, as prescribed by law vidit ljlbt adj. known, understood, acquainted vidroha ljb|f]x n. revolt, rebellion, mutiny, treason vidvan ljåfg n./adj. scholar; learned, wise vidya ljBf n. knowledge, learning, attainment vidyabhyas ljBfEof; n. study, habit of study, practice of learning vidyalaya ljBfno n. school, college, academy, seminary vidyarambha ljBf/De n. initiation into one's studies with religious solemnities, the beginning of reading an writing vidyarthi ljBfyL{ n. student vidyarthi gatividhi ljBfyL{ ultljlw n. student movement vidyashram ljBf>d n. boarding school vidyut ljBÚt n. electricity vigat ljut adj. past, gone away vighatan lj#^g n. break up, dissolution, destruction vigyan lj!fg n. acquired knowledge, conscience, wisdom, understanding, science

143 vihina ljxLg postp. devoid of, deprived of, destitute of vihinata ljxLgtf n. missing, non-existence vijaya ljho n. victory, triumph, conquest vijaya ljhof n. the goddess Durga, the Durga Puja festival vijaya dashami ljhof bzdL n. the Dashara festival, the Dasain festival vijayi ljhoL n./adj. victor, conqueror, vanquisher; victorious, triumphant vijeta ljh]tf n. conqueror, victor, one who has achieved victory vikas ljsf; n. development, expansion, evolution vikasit ljsfl;t adj. developed vikasit ljsl;t adj. developed vikat ljs^ adj. dreadful, difficult, hideous vikendrikaran ljs]Gb|Ls/)f n. decentralization vikhandan ljv)*g n. fission, breaking up, splitting up, fragmentation vikhandit ljvl)*t adj. divided, separated, split up, cut off, broken vikriti ljs[lt n. deformation, defilement, mutilation, defect vilas ljnf; n. luxury, enjoyment, luxurious life, sensuous pleasure, pleasure with the opposite sex vilayat ljnfot n. foreign land, foreign country, Europe, England viman ljdfg n. airplane, airship vimansthal ljdfg:yn n. airfield, airstrip vinash ljgfz n. destruction, ruin, disaster, loss vipanna ljkÌ adj. distressed, afflicted, fallen into calamity, in a critical state viparit ljk/Lt adj. opposit, contrary, reverse, adverse, hostile viphal ljkmn adj. fruitless, useless, unsuccessful vir jL/ adj. brave, courageous, heroic, gallant

144 viraha lj/x n. separation, parting, estrangement; loss virodh lj/f]w n. dissension, discrepancy, hostility, discord, objection, antagonism viruddha lj?$ postp. against, opposed, opposite, contrary, adverse, hostile visakta ljiffQm adj. toxic, poisonous, venomous, vituperative visalu ljiffnÚ adj. toxic, poisonous, venomous, vituperative visaya ljifo n. subject, topic, article visaya-kram ljifoqmd n. contents, table of contents visayantar ljifofGt/ n. an outside subject, another topic visayapravesh ljifok|j]z n. introduction, preface, foreword, preliminary visaya-pravesh ljifo–k|j]z n. introduction visayavastu ljifoj:tÚ n. subject matter, something discussed vishal ljzfn adj. big, very big, gigantic, extensive, large, palatiol, huge, great vishes ljz]if adv. extraordinary, unusual, special, distinguished, famous vishes adalat ljz]if cbfnt n. special court vishes nam ljz]if gfd n. proper name vishesagya ljz]if! n. expert vishesan ljz]if)f n. adjective vishesya ljz]io n. substantive; a noun with an adjective qualifying it vishista ljlzi^ adj. conspicuous, remarkable, important, distinguished, extraordinary vishva ljZj n. universe, the whole world vishvas ljZjf; n. belief, trust, faith, reliance, confidence, assurance vishvasniya ljZj;gLo adj. trustworthy, reliable, creditable vishvasniyata ljZj;gLotf n. trustworthiness, reliability, creditability vishvaspatra ljZjf;kfq n. reliable person, confidant vishvavidyalaya ljZjljBfno n. university

145 vishvayuddha ljZjo'$ n. world war viskambhak ljisDes n. interlude (in a drama) vismayadibodhak lj:doflbaf]ws n. interjection visphot lj:kmf]^ n. outburst, explosion, eruption; smallpox visphotak lj:kmf]^s adj. explosive vistar lj:tf/ n. extension, expansion, extent; spread vistarit lj:tfl/t adj. expanded, enlarged vivad ljjfb n. discussion, debate, dispute, altercation, quarrel, controvercy vivaha ljjfx n. marriage, wedding, matrimony vivaran ljj/)f n. description, account, statement vivash ljjz adj. dependent, helpless, subjected vividh ljljw adj. different, diverse, various, miscellaneous vividhta ljljwtf n. diversity, variety, variation vriddha j[$ adj. old, aged, advanced in years, mature; ancient vriddhavastha j[$fj:yf n. old age vriddhi j[l$ n. progress, increase, increment, rise, growth, enlargement vrihaspativar j[x:kltjf/ n. Thursday vriksha j[If n. tree vriksharopan j[Iff/f]k)f n. tree plantation vrisadeva j[ifb]j n. Vrishadeva [name of a Licchavi king, great- grandfather of Manadeva I] vyakhya JofVof n. explanation vyakhyan JofVofg n. speech, lecture, explanation, exposition vyakta JoQm adj. clear, discernible, expressed, stated, mentioned vyakti JolQm n. person, individual, manifestation vyaktigat JolQmut adj. personal, individual vyaktitva JolQmTj n. personality, individuality,

146 self vyaktivacak nam JolQmjfrs gfd n. proper name, proper noun vyangya JoéØ n. sarcasm, irony, innuendo vyangya-citra JoéØlrq n. cartoon vyapar Jofkf/ n. business, trade, profession, occupation, industry vyapta JofKt adj. diffused, pervaded, occupied, overcast, scattered, flush vyatha Joyf n. pain, suffering, misery, distress, injury, ache vyavahar Jojxf/ n. behaviour, conduct, manner, treatement vyavasay Joj;fo n. undertaking, occupation, employment; engagement, business vyavastha Joj:yf n. system, method, regulation, management, settlement, systematization, form vyavasthapan Joj:yfkg n. organizing, systematizing vyavasthapika Joj:yflksf n. legislative vyavasthapit Joj:yflkt adj. established, systematized, managed vyavasthit Jojl:yt adj. systematic, methodical, in order yadyapi oBlk conj. although, though, even, if, however, notwithstanding yagya o! n. religious sacrifice, oblation yahan oxf adv. here, at this place, hither yahi oxL pron. this very yahi nai oxL g} pron. this and no other yas karan o; sf/)f so, because of this yas kramma o; qmDdf for this reason, so yasaigari o;}u/L adv. consequently, therefor, so yashasvi oz:jL adj. renowned, reputed, glorious yashogan ozf]ufg n. eulogy, singing of praises yasmadhye o;dWo] adv. by that, in this yaso o;f] adj. like this, such yasogari o;f]u/L adv. consequently, therefor, so yasto o:tf] pron. like this, of the same kind

147 yasto andhyaroma o:tf] cWo/f]df comp. in such darkness yata otf adv. here, at this place, hither yatauta otfptf adv. hither an thither, here and there, in all directions yatayat oftfoft n. transportation, traffic yathavat oyfjt adv. in situ, intact, as before yati olt adv. this much, thus much, so much yatiko oltsf] adv. so much yatra ofqf n. trip, voyage yatri ofqL n. traveller, pilgrim, tourist yatro oqf] pron. so great, so big yauvan of}jg n. youth, adolescence, manhood, puberty yayavar ofofj/ n. nomad, wanderer yog of]u n. joining, junction, combination, union, coupling; relationship, connection yogadan of]ubfg n. cooperation, help, assistance, contribution yogaphal of]ukmn n. the sum total yogyata Of]Uotf n. power, strength, talent yojana of]hgf n. planning yug oÚu n. epoch, era, age yugoslabhiya oÚuf]:nfeLof n. Yugoslavia yurop o'/f]k n. Europe yuropeli o'/f]k]nL adj. European yuva oÚjf n. youth yuvati oÚjtL n. young woman, youthful woman

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