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Prosodic Variation in European Portuguese: Phrasing, Intonation and Rhythm in Central-Southern Varieties
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras Departamento de Linguística Geral e Românica Prosodic variation in European Portuguese: phrasing, intonation and rhythm in central-southern varieties Marisa Cruz PhD in Linguistics Portuguese Linguistics 2013 Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras Departamento de Linguística Geral e Românica Prosodic variation in European Portuguese: phrasing, intonation and rhythm in central-southern varieties Marisa Cruz PhD in Linguistics Portuguese Linguistics Supervisor: Sónia Frota 2013 This research was developed within the PhD Project BD/61463/2009, funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Aos meus pais À minha avozinha, a minha segunda mãe Abstract Included within a research project aiming to provide a detailed description of prosodic variation in European Portuguese (EP), the present study analyzes phrasing, intonation and rhythm in central-southern varieties using data from different types of tasks (reading task, Discourse Completion Task, Map Task). Following the Prosodic Phonology view of prosodic structure (e.g., Selkirk 1984, 1986, Nespor & Vogel 1986/2007) and the Autosegmental Metrical (AM) approach within the intonational phonology framework (e.g., Pierrehumbert 1980; Ladd 1996/2008), we examined the prosody of two regions of the south of Portugal (Alentejo – Ale –, and Algarve – Alg) relating to: (i) phrasing; (ii) tonal system and pragmatic meanings of tonal morphemes; (iii) pitch accent distribution, and (iv) rhythmic properties of each variety. The analysis of prosodic phrasing reinforces the relevance of the Intonational Phrase in EP. Segmental phenomena such as Fricative Voicing and Paragoge (the later only in Ale) cue the IP level, and length in number of syllables and syntactic/prosodic branching of phrases impact on intonational phrasing. -
Pronunciation Rules in Portuguese Regional Speech (PORT REG) for Coarticulation Process
Pronunciation Rules in Portuguese Regional Speech (PORT REG) for Coarticulation Process Sara Candeias1 and Jorge Morais Barbosa 2 1 Instituto de Telecomunicações, Department of Computers and Electrical Engineering, University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL 2 Departement of Portuguese Language, Faculty of Letters, University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. This paper describes one aspect of an ongoing work to incorporate pronunciation variability in the Portuguese (PORT) speech system. This work focuses on the linguistic rules to improve the grapheme-(multi)phone transcription algorithm that will be implemented. Portuguese ‘Beira Interior’ regional speech (PORT-BI REG) is considered to be in the realm of coarticulation (post-lexical) phenomena. A set of linguistic rules for most of the common vowel transformation in an utterance (vocalic segments at both the left and right edges of the word) is presented. The analysis focuses on the distinctive features that originate vowel sound challenges in connected speech. The results are interesting from the point of view of setting up models to reconstruct a grapheme-phone transcription algorithm for Portuguese multi-pronunciation speech systems. We propose that the linguistic documentation of Portuguese minority speech can be an optimal start for Portuguese speech system development process, too. Keywords: Text-to-Speech; coarticulation (phonology); structural analysis (linguistic features); pronunciation instruction (phonetic). 1 Introduction Several frameworks have been proposed for the grapheme-to-phone transcription module for Portuguese language, such as [2, 3, 12]. However, the problem with the Portuguese regional speech under development is the shortage of speech and text corpora. This is one of the reasons why their linguistic structure has been very poorly investigated, especially at linguistic levels such as phonetics. -
Jennings on the Trail of Pessoa Or Dimensions of Poetical Music
Jennings on the Trail of Pessoa or dimensions of poetical music Pedro Marques* Keywords Fernando Pessoa, Hubert Jennings, Roy Campbell, Peter Rickart, translation, versification, musicality, The thing that hurts and wrings, What grieves me is not, What saddens me is not. Abstract Here we present two unpublished essays by Hubert Jennings about the challenges of translating the poetry of Fernando Pessoa: the first one of them, brief and fragmentary, is analyzed in the introduction; the second, longer and also covering issues besides translation, is presented in the postscript. Having as a starting point the Pessoan poem “O que me doe” and three translations compared by Hubert Jennings, this presentation examines some aspects of poetic musicality in the Portuguese language: verse measurement, stress dynamics, rhymes, anaphors, and parallelisms. The introduction also discusses how much the English versions of the poem, which are presented by Jennings, recreate (or not) the musical-poetic dimensions of the original text. Palavras-chave Fernando Pessoa, Hubert Jennings, Roy Campbell, Peter Rickart, tradução, versificação, musicalidade, O que me doe, O que me dói. Resumo Reproduzem-se aqui dois ensaios inéditos de Hubert Jennings sobre os desafios de se traduzir a poesia de Fernando Pessoa: o primeiro deles, breve e fragmentário, é analisado numa introdução; o segundo, mais longo e versando também sobre questões alheias à tradução, é apresentado em postscriptum. A partir do poema pessoano “O que me dói” e de três traduções comparadas por Hubert Jennings, esta apresentação enfoca alguns aspectos da música poética em língua portuguesa: medida do verso, dinâmica dos acentos, rimas, anáforas e paralelismos. -
Proposal for a Korean Script Root Zone LGR 1 General Information
(internal doc. #: klgp220_101f_proposal_korean_lgr-25jan18-en_v103.doc) Proposal for a Korean Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 1.0 Date: 2018-01-25 Document version: 1.03 Authors: Korean Script Generation Panel 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Korean Script LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document below: • proposal-korean-lgr-25jan18-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document below: • korean-test-labels-25jan18-en.txt In Section 3, we will see the background on Korean script (Hangul + Hanja) and principal language using it, i.e., Korean language. The overall development process and methodology will be reviewed in Section 4. The repertoire and variant groups in K-LGR will be discussed in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. In Section 7, Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE) will be described and then contributors for K-LGR are shown in Section 8. Several appendices are included with separate files. proposal-korean-lgr-25jan18-en 1 / 73 1/17 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ISO 15924 Code: Kore ISO 15924 Key Number: 287 (= 286 + 500) ISO 15924 English Name: Korean (alias for Hangul + Han) Native name of the script: 한글 + 한자 Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-2 [241] Note. -
Harmonizing the Orthography of Gĩkũyũ and Kĩkamba.Pdf
NAME, DATE HERE GĨKŨYŨ AND KĨKAMBA 39 CHAPTER THREE HARMONIZING THE ORTHOGRAPHY OF GĨKŨYŨ AND KĨKAMBA Angelina Nduku Kioko, Martin C. Njoroge and Peter Mburu Kuria INTRODUCTION The term orthography is derived from the Greek word ‘orthos’ which means ‘correct’, and ‘graphein’, which stands for ‘to write’ (Sampson, 1985). The orthography of a language describes or defines the set of symbols (graphemes and diacritics) used to represent the phonemic inventory of that language in the writing and the rules on how to write these symbols. According to Massamba (1986), a language takes a limited number of sounds from the central pool of speech sounds to form its phonetic inventory. In this chapter, orthography is used to refer to the system of symbols used in the writing system of Gĩkũyũ and Kĩkamba. There are three types of orthographies (Read, 1983: 143-152). The first is the ‘phonemic orthography’. In a ‘phonemic’ orthography there is a one-to-one correspondence between phonemes and graphemes. This type of orthography has a dedicated sequence of symbol or symbols for each phoneme. Examples of languages that have phonemic ortho graphies are Korean and Kiswahili. The second type is the ‘morpho-phonemic orthography’ which considers both the phonemic features and the underlying structure of words. In this case, words may be written in the same way despite differences in pronunciation. For example, the pronunciation of the plural marker in English {s} is conditioned by the phonetic environment in which it occurs, yet it is written with the same grapheme <s>. The plural forms ‘cats’ and ‘dogs’ are pronounced as [kӕts] and [dɒɡz] respectively although the two final sounds are written 40 THE HARMONIZATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF KENYAN LANGUAGES with the grapheme <s>. -
1 English Spelling and Pronunciation
ISSN: 2456-8104 http://www.jrspelt.com Issue 5, Vol. 2, 2018 English Spelling and Pronunciation - A Brief Study Prof. V. Chandra Sekhar Rao ([email protected] ) Professor in English, SITECH, Hyderabad Abstract The present paper aims at the correlation between spelling and pronunciation of English words. English spelling is almost divorced from its pronunciation and there is no perfect guide how to 1 learn the pronunciation of the words. The letters of alphabet used are always inadequate to represent the sounds. English alphabet contains only 26 letters but the sounds 44. IPA symbols are needed to understand the intelligibility of the pronunciation and the spelling-designed. Learners of English language have to understand that words from other languages may be adopted without being adapted to the spelling system. Most of the letters of English alphabet produce multiple pronunciations. English Pronouncing Dictionary is needed for better understanding of the spelling and pronunciation. Keywords: Spelling and Pronunciation, Orthography, Intelligibility, Phonetic Symbols Introduction "If we know the sounds of a word (in English) we can't know how to spell it; if we know the ` spelling, we can't know how to pronounce it." (Otto Jespersen, philologist, Essentials of English Grammar, 1905, page 11). "English spelling is almost divorced from its pronunciation and forms hardly any guide as to how words should be pronounced." (Mont Follick, The Case for Spelling Reform, 1964, page 87). English, as a global language of communication, is spoken, written and used widely for many different purposes - international diplomatic relations, business, science and technology. It is also called the library language and medium of instructions in higher education - science and technology, computer and software engineering, medicine and law, pharmacy and nursing, commerce and management, fashion technology and so on. -
A STUDY of L2 KANJI LEARNING PROCESS Analysis of Reading and Writing Errors of Swedish Learners in Comparison with Level-Matched Japanese Schoolchildren
A STUDY OF L2 KANJI LEARNING PROCESS Analysis of Reading and Writing Errors of Swedish Learners in Comparison with Level-matched Japanese Schoolchildren Fusae Ivarsson Department of Languages and Literatures Doctoral dissertation in Japanese, University of Gothenburg, 18 March, 2016 Fusae Ivarsson, 2016 Cover: Fusae Ivarsson, Thomas Ekholm Print: Reprocentralen, Campusservice Lorensberg, Göteborgs universitet, 2016 Distribution: Institutionen för språk och litteraturer, Göteborgs universitet, Box 200, SE-405 30 Göteborg ISBN: 978-91-979921-7-6 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/41585 ABSTRACT Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, 18 March, 2016 Title: A Study of L2 Kanji Learning Process: Analysis of reading and writing errors of Swedish learners in comparison with level-matched Japanese schoolchildren. Author: Fusae Ivarsson Language: English, with a summary in Swedish Department: Department of Languages and Literatures, University of Gothenburg, Box 200, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden ISBN: 978-91-979921-7-6 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/41585 The present study investigated the characteristics of the kanji learning process of second language (L2) learners of Japanese with an alphabetic background in comparison with level-matched first language (L1) learners. Unprecedentedly rigorous large-scale experiments were conducted under strictly controlled conditions with a substantial number of participants. Comparisons were made between novice and advanced levels of Swedish learners and the respective level-matched L1 learners (Japanese second and fifth graders). The experiments consisted of kanji reading and writing tests with parallel tasks in a practical setting, and identical sets of target characters for the level-matched groups. Error classification was based on the cognitive aspects of kanji. -
Handouts for Advanced Phonology: a Course Packet Steve Parker GIAL
Handouts for Advanced Phonology: A Course Packet Steve Parker GIAL and SIL International Dallas, 2016 Copyright © 2016 by Steve Parker and other contributors Page 1 of 304 Preface This set of materials is designed to be used as handouts accompanying an advanced course in phonology, particularly at the graduate level. It is specifically intended to be used in conjunction with two textbooks: Phonology in generative grammar (Kenstowicz 1994), and Optimality theory (Kager 1999). However, this course packet could potentially also be adapted for use with other phonology textbooks. The materials included here have been developed by myself and others over many years, in conjunction with courses in phonology taught at SIL programs in North Dakota, Oregon, Dallas, and Norman, OK. Most recently I have used them at GIAL. Many of the special phonetic characters appearing in these materials use IPA fonts available as freeware from the SIL International website. Unless indicated to the contrary on specific individual handouts, all materials used in this packet are the copyright of Steve Parker. These documents are intended primarily for educational use. You may make copies of these works for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. However, republication or commercial use of these materials is expressly prohibited without my prior written consent. Steve Parker Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics Dallas, 2016 Page 2 of 304 1 Table of contents: list of handouts included in this packet Day 1: Distinctive features — their definitions and uses -Pike’s premises for phonological analysis ......................................................................... 7 -Phonemics analysis flow chart .......................................................................................... -
The Impact of Orthography on the Acquisition of L2 Phonology:1
Coutsougera, The Impact of Orthography on the Acquisition of L2 Phonology:1 The impact of orthography on the acquisition of L2 phonology: inferring the wrong phonology from print Photini Coutsougera, University of Cyprus 1 The orthographic systems of English and Greek The aim of this study is to investigate how the deep orthography of English influences the acquisition of L2 English phonetics/phonology by L1 Greek learners, given that Greek has a shallow orthography. Greek and English deploy two fundamentally different orthographies. The Greek orthography, despite violating one-letter-to-one-phoneme correspondence, is shallow or transparent. This is because although the Greek orthographic system has a surplus of letters/digraphs for vowel sounds (e.g. sound /i/ is represented in six different ways in the orthography); each letter/digraph has one reading. There are very few other discrepancies between letters and sounds, which are nevertheless handled by specific, straightforward rules. As a result, there is only one possible way of reading a written form. The opposite, however, does not hold, i.e. a speaker of Greek cannot predict the spelling of a word when provided with the pronunciation. In contrast, as often cited in the literature, English has a deep or non transparent orthography since it allows for the same letter to represent more than one sound or for the same sound to be represented by more than one letter. Other discrepancies between letters and sounds - also well reported or even overstated in the literature - are of rather lesser importance (e.g. silent letters existing mainly for historical reasons etc). -
The Perception and Production of Portuguese Mid-Vowels by Native Speakers of American English
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2004-03-20 The Perception and Production of Portuguese Mid-Vowels by Native Speakers of American English Richard Ryan Kendall Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Kendall, Richard Ryan, "The Perception and Production of Portuguese Mid-Vowels by Native Speakers of American English" (2004). Theses and Dissertations. 5. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION OF PORTUGUESE MID-VOWELS BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH By Richard R. Kendall A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Spanish and Portuguese Brigham Young University April 2004 Copyright © 2004 Richard R. Kendall All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION OF PORTUGUESE MID-VOWELS BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH Richard R. Kendall Department of Spanish and Portuguese Master of Arts This thesis examines the difficulties that beginning and advanced American learners of Portuguese have correctly perceiving and producing the Portuguese mid- vowels / e o/. The beginning learners were enrolled in their second semester of Portuguese and had rudimentary knowledge of Portuguese. The advanced learners had all lived in Brazil for nearly two years and were enrolled in a more advanced Portuguese course. -
Primary Word Stress in Brazilian Portuguese and the Weight Parameter W
Primary Word Stress in Brazilian Portuguese and the Weight Parameter W. Léo Wetzels To cite this version: W. Léo Wetzels. Primary Word Stress in Brazilian Portuguese and the Weight Parameter. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, Ubiquity Press, 2007, 5/6, pp.9-58. halshs-00684325 HAL Id: halshs-00684325 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00684325 Submitted on 1 Apr 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. To appear in Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 5,2. 2006. Special Issue on the Prosody of the Iberian Languages, guest-edited by G. Elordieta and M. Vigario. Primary Word Stress in Brazilian Portuguese and the Weight Parameter W. Leo Wetzels Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Abstract In this paper, we develop an analysis of primary word stress in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). We evaluate the typological and language-specific arguments that are presented in the literature against the relevance of syllable weight in Portuguese, and show that none of them appears to be valid when confronted with cross-linguistic evidence or the facts of BP phonology. We then go on to show that stress in BP represents a mixed system, in which verbs receive stress as a function of the morphological categories of tense (past, present, future), whereas stress in non-verbs is prosody-based and sensitive to the distinction between heavy and light syllables. -
Brazilian Portuguese Interphonology: Consonant Clusters
Running Head: INTERPHONOLOGY: CONSONANT CLUSTERS 1 Brazilian Portuguese Interphonology: Consonant Clusters Ciarra Proulx Northern Arizona University Running Head: INTERPHONOLOGY: CONSONANT CLUSTERS 2 Abstract This paper discusses how Brazilian students who study at the Program for Intensive English (PIE) at the Northern Arizona University (NAU) pronounce consonant clusters that are word-initial, -medial, and –final, in order to better understand their interlanguage phonology, particularly since most research on Portuguese phonology pertains to European Portuguese, not Brazilian Portuguese. Ten students were invited to participate, with the expectation that some will decline. Students filled out a background questionnaire and, using Praat, they were asked to say a set of 30 words containing consonant clusters in the three aforementioned positions, in order to pinpoint any consonant deletion, assimilation, or epenthesis. This data will be compared to the pronunciation of the same set of words by a native speaker of American English. Results showed that epenthesis was the highest occurring process, particularly word-initially, whereas deletion was most commonly found word-finally. Word-medially, all three processes occurred with similar frequencies. The results show the necessity of incorporating explicit pronunciation instruction, including consonant clusters, within the PIE in order to better aid students in their endeavors to quickly and efficiently learn enough English to move on to university instruction taught in English. Running Head: INTERPHONOLOGY: CONSONANT CLUSTERS 3 Background European Portuguese (EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) have diverged to a point where, phonologically, BP warrants its own studies; however, research Portuguese phonology largely pertains to EP. One major difference is that BP has severe restrictions on consonant clusters on a phonological level, and that word-initially, some consonant clusters are possible, but only those containing an obstruent followed by a liquid (i.e., /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/, or /f/ plus /l/ or /r/).