DOCSLIB.ORG

In Search of Canada's Warrior Spirit

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Search of Canada's Warrior Spirit OUR STORIES IN STONE PART 9 In search of Canada’s warrior spirit CHRIS MIKULA, THE OTTAWA CITIZEN The Peacekeeping Monument is not a war memorial — it’s a monument to those who prevent war. Sculptor Jack Harman strikes a good balance between warrior and peacekeeper. Heroic monuments, obscure memorials and geometric forms reflect a nation’s sacrifice BY ROBERT SIBLEY By 1943, the British Army was running reflect similar sacrifice. short of officers in its numerous cam- The National Artillery Memorial, anadians are often told Canada paigns around the world. The Canadian which was originally in Major’s Hill Park lacks a martial spirit. We are Army, on the other hand, was fighting but relocated in 1959 to the west side of peacekeepers, not warriors. Yet, only in Italy and had more officers than Rideau Falls Park on Green Island, hon- all day as I continue my search could be deployed to active battalions. ours the “glorious memory of the offi- Cfor Ottawa’s monuments, I’ve The Canadian government offered to cers and men of the Royal Regiment of seen evidence to the contrary. “loan” junior officers to the British on a Canada who gave their lives in the ser- Take, for example, the Canloan Memo- voluntary basis, under the code name vice of Canada.” rial. The triangular stone cenotaph is, ar- CANLOAN. On the east side of the park, the guably, one of the more obscure war Nearly 700 volunteers stepped for- Mackenzie-Papineau Monument com- memorials in Ottawa. ward. Many took part in the invasion and memorates the 1,546 Canadians who It occupies a circular pad on the east liberation of Europe in 1944 and 1945. fought against the fascists during the bank of the Rideau River, across Sussex All told, the Canloan volunteers suffered Spanish Civil War between 1936 and Drive from Rideau Falls Park, commem- 75-per-cent casualties — 128 killed, 310 1939. orating the Canadian Army infantry of- wounded and 27 taken prisoner. Unveiled in 2001, it includes a long ficers who served with British regiments Most of the military monuments I’ve wall with the names of Mac-Pap volun- during the Second World War. seen while walking along Sussex Drive teers. A detail from the Commonwealth Air Force Memorial. promote a warrior mand if one is to keep the peace.” spirit? The question You enter the monument along a path seems especially between shell-broken walls symboliz- applicable to the ing opposing sides in a conflict. The Peacekeeping Mon- pathway is littered with rubble, but it The Canloan Memorial commemorates the Canadian ument at the inter- converges at another wall on top of Army infantry officers who served with British regiments section of Sussex which stand the three soldiers, watch- during the Second World War. Drive and St. ing over a tentative peace. To the right, Patrick Street. there’s a “sacred grove” of trees and a The Commonwealth Air Force Memo- The monument, entitled Reconcilia- grassed area symbolizing hope. rial, unveiled in 1959, is nearby. It in- tion, commemorates the more than Supposedly, this design satisfied cludes a stylized bronze sculpture of the 100,000 members of the Canadian mili- everyone. As scholar John Roberts ex- globe and long walls with the names of tary who’ve served in peacekeeping plains in his 1999 Carleton University 809 men and women who lost their lives missions around the world. Unveiled in M.A. thesis, Nation-Building and Mon- while serving or training in Common- 1992, it depicts three peacekeepers — umentalization in the Contemporary wealth air forces operating from bases in two men and a woman — standing Capital, soldiers can identify with it be- Canada, the Caribbean and the United guard over the shattered remains of a cause it reflects their experience, while States. They have no known grave, or foreign street. the public recognizes symbolic images were buried at crash sites that can’t be I’ve long felt ambivalent about this from war-torn regions where Canadian maintained. monument, uncertain whether it suc- peacekeepers have served. While Rec- Walking the length of the walls, read- ceeds in balancing the figurative (those onciliation may not be a monument to ing names at random — Pilot Officer F.J. three soldiers) and the abstract (those those who have fought in war, it is a Kruszynski, Royal Air Force; Flight Sgt. shattered walls) to achieve its symbolic monument to something that is cer- G.A. Soeder, Royal Canadian Air Force; purpose. I sometimes think the fact on- tainly worth commemorating — those R.K. Manttan, Pilot Officer, Royal Aus- ly one of the soldiers is armed suggests who prevent war. tralian Air Force; 1943, Section Officer passivity, as does their static posture. Yet, sitting against a willow tree over- Irene Watson, Royal Canadian Air Force But over the years I’ve been recon- hanging the Rideau River, studying the — I’m struck by the difference in style ciled to Reconciliation. It is not a war Canloan Memorial, I find I still prefer between these monuments and other memorial; it’s a monument to those old-fashioned monuments. I walk over war memorials such as the National War who prevent war. So, perhaps, the re- to run my fingers across the plaques Memorial and The Canadian Phalanx off striction on warrior symbolism is ap- with their embossed names of the dead. Wellington Street I’ve visited in recent propriate. In my research I’d read that True, there’s nothing glorifying war days. the monument’s co-sponsors, the De- here either, but there is an implicit The latter monuments are built in partment of National Defence and the recognition of the warrior spirit and its heroic proportion, with figurative stat- National Capital Commission, were necessity. The fallen, says the com- ues in martial poses. The ones I’m find- sometimes at loggerheads. The latter memoration, “are honoured in this qui- ing today, many unveiled in the 1950s and didn’t want anything too warlike, while et place in gratitude and remembrance 1960s, abandon heroic figures, and any the former was not going to have its sol- of the cost of liberty.” explicit reference to heroism, in favour diers portrayed as glorified baby-sitters. Someone wedged a poppy in a crack of granite and concrete walls, geometric The winning design by sculptor Jack in the stone. Maybe Canada’s warrior forms, plaques and cairns. Harman strikes a good balance be- spirit is not forgotten. Do these monuments reflect a con- tween the warrior and the peacekeeper, scious effort to downplay the motif of achieving, as the monument jury put it, Robert Sibley is a senior writer for the earlier eras so as not to glorify war or “the need for strength, action and com- Citizen. 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • And the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk
    CANADIAN CITIES’ GRADE ON FLOOD PREPAREDNESS: 2019/20 = C+ 2015 = C+ CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE PREPAREDNESS OF 16 MAJOR CANADIAN CITIES TO LIMIT FLOOD RISK SUPPORTED BY: Dr. Blair Feltmate Marina Moudrak February 2021 Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk “Flood-readiness is key to societal resilience. By learning from one another, these cities could make much-needed progress on climate resilience. This would include maintaining a city-level risk management framework and outcome- oriented adaptation plans.” Veronica Scotti Chairperson, Public Sector Solutions at Swiss Re Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk ABOUT THE INTACT CENTRE ON CLIMATE of specialty insurance products and services through ADAPTATION independent agencies, regional and national brokers, and wholesalers and managing general agencies. Products The Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation (Intact are underwritten by the insurance company subsidiaries Centre) is an applied research centre at the University of of Intact Insurance Group USA, LLC. For more Waterloo. The Intact Centre was founded in 2015 with a information, visit: https://intactfc.com/ gift from Intact Financial Corporation, Canada’s largest property and casualty insurer. The Intact Centre helps homeowners, communities and businesses to reduce risks Funding for this report was provided in part associated with climate change and extreme weather through a grant from the Canadian Red Cross. events. For additional information, visit: All findings and recommendations of this study www.intactcentreclimateadaptation.ca are those of the Intact Centre. No endorsement is being made, either explicitly or implied, by the Canadian Red Cross.
    [Show full text]
  • Peackeeping, Peace, Memory: Reflections on the Peacekeeping Monument in Ottawa
    Canadian Military History Volume 11 Issue 3 Article 6 2002 Peackeeping, Peace, Memory: Reflections on the eacekP eeping Monument in Ottawa Paul Gough University of the West of England, Bristol, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Recommended Citation Gough, Paul "Peackeeping, Peace, Memory: Reflections on the eacekP eeping Monument in Ottawa." Canadian Military History 11, 3 (2002) This Canadian War Museum is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gough: Peackeeping, Peace, Memory Peacekeeping, Peace, Memory Reflections on the Peacekeeping Monument in Ottawa Paul Gough The Announcement In 1988, the Nobel Peace Prize was ince 1948, under the auspices of the awarded to the United Nations to mark United Nations (UN), Canada has S 40 years of international peacekeeping. contributed over 80,000 men and That same year the Department of women from all branches of the armed National Defence (DND) announced that forces to global peacekeeping. During a monument would be erected in the 1950s and 1960s, Canada was, in Ottawa, dedicated to Canadian forces fact, the greatest contributor of 'Blue that had served in peacekeeping duties. Helmet' soldiers to UN peacekeeping endeavours DND launched the so-called "Peacekeepers and became the undisputed leader in global Monument" competition in 1990, managed by a peacekeeping. Although peacekeeping was never committee consisting of representatives from the sole preoccupation of Canada's foreign policy, DND, the National Capital Commission, and Canadian politicians liked to be seen as Public Works Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMAND SERGEANT MAJOR (Retired) RICHARD E
    COMMAND SERGEANT MAJOR (Retired) RICHARD E. MERRITT Command Sergeant Major (CSM) (R) Rick Merritt retired from active duty in the U.S. Army after serving almost 36 years since he entered the military in March of 1984. He and his family returned from South Korea in December 2018 after he served as the Command Senior Enlisted Leader (CSEL) (for all US Army Forces) advising the Commander, EIGHTH US ARMY for 3 ½ years. His last assignment before retirement was with the US Army Special Operations Command with duty at Hunter Army Airfield, attached to the 1st Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment. His first duty assignment in the Army after becoming an Infantryman was with Company C, 1st Battalion, 6th Infantry Regiment, Illesheim, Germany as a Rifleman and M60 Machine Gunner. CSM (R) Merritt served 25 years in the 75th Ranger Regiment. His initial service started with Company B, 3rd Ranger Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment at Fort Benning, Ga., as a Squad Automatic Rifleman, Fire Team Leader, Rifle Squad Leader, Weapons Squad Leader, and Rifle Platoon Sergeant. A follow-on assignment included one year with the Ranger Indoctrination Program at the 75th Ranger Regimental Ranger Training Detachment. In 1996, he was assigned to the Jungle Operations Training Battalion as a Senior Instructor and Team Sergeant at the U.S. Army Jungle School, Fort Sherman, Panama. He served there for 17 months and then was assigned to 1st Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment at Hunter Army Airfield in Savannah, GA as a Rifle Platoon Sergeant with Company B, the Battalion Intelligence and Operations Sergeant in Headquarters Company and as the First Sergeant of Company C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-39
    THE POLICY OF NEGLECT: THE CANADIAN MILITIA IN THE INTERWAR YEARS, 1919-39 ___________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ___________________________________________________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY __________________________________________________________ by Britton Wade MacDonald January, 2009 iii © Copyright 2008 by Britton W. MacDonald iv ABSTRACT The Policy of Neglect: The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-1939 Britton W. MacDonald Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2008 Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin The Canadian Militia, since its beginning, has been underfunded and under-supported by the government, no matter which political party was in power. This trend continued throughout the interwar years of 1919 to 1939. During these years, the Militia’s members had to improvise a great deal of the time in their efforts to attain military effectiveness. This included much of their training, which they often funded with their own pay. They created their own training apparatuses, such as mock tanks, so that their preparations had a hint of realism. Officers designed interesting and unique exercises to challenge their personnel. All these actions helped create esprit de corps in the Militia, particularly the half composed of citizen soldiers, the Non- Permanent Active Militia. The regulars, the Permanent Active Militia (or Permanent Force), also relied on their own efforts to improve themselves as soldiers. They found intellectual nourishment in an excellent service journal, the Canadian Defence Quarterly, and British schools. The Militia learned to endure in these years because of all the trials its members faced. The interwar years are important for their impact on how the Canadian Army (as it was known after 1940) would fight the Second World War.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplement to the London Gazette, February 2, 1858. 475
    SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, FEBRUARY 2, 1858. 475 THIRD CAEKIAGE. Major-General The Baron Von Moltke, Gentleman of Honour to His Royal Highness The Bridegroom. Lieutenant-Colonel Von Boyen, Gentleman in attendance on His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia. Captain Von Schweinitz, Gentleman of Honour to His Royal Highness The Bridegroom. The Count Puckler, Gentleman in attendance on His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia. FOURTH CARRIAGE. The Baron d'Arnim, Gentleman in attendance on His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia. Major The Count von der Goltz, Gentleman in attendance on His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia. Colonel Von Alvensleben, Gentleman in attendance on His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia. FIFTH CARRIAGE. His Serene Highness The Prince Holstein Gliicksburg, in attendance on His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia. General Von Schreckenstein, Gentleman of Honour to His Royal Highness The Bridegroom. Major-General the Honourable C. Grey, Equerry to The Queen, and Private Secretary to His Royal Highness The Prince Consort, in attendance on His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia. SIXTH CARRIAGE. The BRIDEGROOM. His Royal Highness The Prince of Prussia, ) c ,«„,«.*<».«, nf His Royal Highness The Prince Albert of Prussia, f SuPP°rters of The Bridegroom, with his Supporters, upon their arrival at St. James's Palace, were received at the Garden Entrance by the Vice-Chamberlain, and conducted to a room set apart for their Royixl Highnesses. The Gentlemen in attendance upon The Bridegroom and upon his Supporters, proceeded to the Presence Chamber, where the Prussian Minister and the Members of his Legation had already assembled.
    [Show full text]
  • US Military Ranks and Units
    US Military Ranks and Units Modern US Military Ranks The table shows current ranks in the US military service branches, but they can serve as a fair guide throughout the twentieth century. Ranks in foreign military services may vary significantly, even when the same names are used. Many European countries use the rank Field Marshal, for example, which is not used in the United States. Pay Army Air Force Marines Navy and Coast Guard Scale Commissioned Officers General of the ** General of the Air Force Fleet Admiral Army Chief of Naval Operations Army Chief of Commandant of the Air Force Chief of Staff Staff Marine Corps O-10 Commandant of the Coast General Guard General General Admiral O-9 Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Rear Admiral O-8 Major General Major General Major General (Upper Half) Rear Admiral O-7 Brigadier General Brigadier General Brigadier General (Commodore) O-6 Colonel Colonel Colonel Captain O-5 Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Commander O-4 Major Major Major Lieutenant Commander O-3 Captain Captain Captain Lieutenant O-2 1st Lieutenant 1st Lieutenant 1st Lieutenant Lieutenant, Junior Grade O-1 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant Ensign Warrant Officers Master Warrant W-5 Chief Warrant Officer 5 Master Warrant Officer Officer 5 W-4 Warrant Officer 4 Chief Warrant Officer 4 Warrant Officer 4 W-3 Warrant Officer 3 Chief Warrant Officer 3 Warrant Officer 3 W-2 Warrant Officer 2 Chief Warrant Officer 2 Warrant Officer 2 W-1 Warrant Officer 1 Warrant Officer Warrant Officer 1 Blank indicates there is no rank at that pay grade.
    [Show full text]
  • The Readiness of Canada's Naval Forces Report of the Standing
    The Readiness of Canada's Naval Forces Report of the Standing Committee on National Defence Stephen Fuhr Chair June 2017 42nd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Reproduction in accordance with this permission does not constitute publication under the authority of the House of Commons. The absolute privilege that applies to the proceedings of the House of Commons does not extend to these permitted reproductions. Where a reproduction includes briefs to a Standing Committee of the House of Commons, authorization for reproduction may be required from the authors in accordance with the Copyright Act. Nothing in this permission abrogates or derogates from the privileges, powers, immunities and rights of the House of Commons and its Committees. For greater certainty, this permission does not affect the prohibition against impeaching or questioning the proceedings of the House of Commons in courts or otherwise. The House of Commons retains the right and privilege to find users in contempt of Parliament if a reproduction or use is not in accordance with this permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Honorary Appointments – Aide Memoire
    AIDE-MEMOIRE HONORARIES October 2014 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES 1. Insert latest changed pages and dispose of superseded pages in accordance with applicable orders. NOTE A black vertical line in the margin of the page indicates the portion of the text affected by the latest change. Changes to illustrations are indicated by miniature pointing hands or black vertical lines. 2. Dates of issue for original and changed pages are: Original 0 October 2014 Amendment 1 October 2015 3. Zero in Change No. Column indicates an original page. The use of the letter E or F indicates the change is in the English or French only. Total number of pages in this publication is 36 consisting of the following: Page No Change No.. Title…………………………………….………..0 i – ii……………………………………………...1 1 – 7…………………………………..………...1 A1 – A2 …………………………………………1 B1 – B6 ………………………………………...1 C1 – C2………………………………………….0 D1………………………………………………..0 E1………………………………………………..0 F1………………………………………………..0 G1 – G3…………………………………………0 H1 – H2...……………………………………….0 I1 – I2……………………………………………0 J1………………………………………………..0 K1 – K3…………………………………………0 L1………………………………………………..1 i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF AMENDMENTS…………………………………………………………. i TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………... ii REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………... 1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………… 1 THE CANADIAN FORCES – REGULAR AND RESERVE…………………… 2 ELIGIBIILTY………………………………………………………………………... 2 APPOINTMENT AUTHORITY……………………………………………………. 2 EXTENSION AUTHORITY……………………………………………………….. 3 APPOINTMENT PROCEDURES………………………………………………… 3 SECURITY DESIGNATION – CORRESPONDENCE………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Tonya Katherine Davidson
    University of Alberta Stone Bodies in the City: Unmapping Monuments, Memory and Belonging in Ottawa by Tonya Katherine Davidson A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sociology ©Tonya Katherine Davidson Fall 2012 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Tom and Katherine Davidson. Abstract In this ethnographic study of the dynamic lives of a population of monuments in Ottawa, I argue that long after they have been unveiled, monuments are imbued with many capacities to act. Monuments inspire loathing or affection, and settle or disturb dominant understandings of place, nation, race, and gender. I suggest that monuments have these affective capabilities because they operate like ‘stone bodies’ in their urban environments. Additionally, spirited with a certain life-force, monuments have the ability to haunt, unsettling relationships between place, memory, and belonging. These affective charges of monuments are felt and expressed through articulations of imperial and colonial nostalgia, feminist and other activist mobilities and various articulations of patriotism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Royal Canadian Navy and the Mainguy Commission
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2016 A Sickly Season: The Royal Canadian Navy and the Mainguy Commission Keith D. Calow Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Legal Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Calow, Keith D., "A Sickly Season: The Royal Canadian Navy and the Mainguy Commission" (2016). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1878. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1878 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Sickly Season: The Royal Canadian Navy and the Mainguy Commission By Keith Douglas Calow B.A., Wilfrid Laurier University, 1988 LLB, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, 1991 M.A. Wilfrid Laurier University, 2005 THESIS/DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of History in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Doctor of Philosophy in History Wilfrid Laurier University © Keith Douglas Calow 2016 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the proceedings of the Mainguy Commission, which was established in 1949 to investigate and report on a series of three “incidents” of collective disobedience which had taken place aboard Canadian warships in the early months of that year. The “incidents” were the culmination of a series of challenges that the senior staff was already endeavouring to address internally. Media and political attention to the indiscipline, however, brought the minister to insist that there be a public enquiry.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Army Sergeant Never Talked About Horrors Of
    Volume - 2 Edition 13 Week Ending April 5, 2008 IN THIS ISSUE Red Army sergeant never · Red Army sergeant never talked about horrors of war talked about horrors of war · Visions of family for troops · The last cavalry charge · Killing Fields journalist Dith Pran dies · Vimy was a turning point; Veterans gather to remember key First World War battle · Canada's soldiers of misfortune · Veterans recall days at war, talk about Afghanistan mission · New Members Wanted for Branch 50's Colour Party · Another Executive Change · The Changing Face Of Branch 50's Executive. · TINA MARIE EMSLIE · U.K.: Veterans of all ages mark RAF's 90th Birthday. · Wounded vets get short shrift · Via Rail deal has fatal flaw, veteran says · Yes, It Was a Good War · Switzerland: Bumper Spaghetti Crop at risk of Late Frosts · U.S. veterans of Afghanistan Mission express disbelief at President George He took part in the Battle of Bush's representations about War Stalingrad and immigrated to Canada · Comments On The Flag Vote in 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet · Tories set to lose Peace Tower flag-lowering vote Union. · Lowered flag for all troop deaths opposed · Collingwood Locals Helping Wounded Warriors Peter Gitelman was a Red Army · The Red Baron flies back into role of the hero in Germany Master Sergeant who took part in the · Canada's flag should fly high Battle of Stalingrad during the Second · ALL BRANCH - A TOUTES LES FILIALES (08-007) - Half-Masting the Flag World War and who was decorated for on the Peace Tower bravery following the bloody Russian · Osteoporosis often called the silent thief offensive against the Germans that · Legion boasts many VIPs around the world claimed more than one million lives · War ID at heart of dying wish during the winter of 1942-43.
    [Show full text]
  • True North Strong and Free: a Study of Canadian National Power
    TRUE NORTH STRONG AND FREE: A STUDY OF CANADIAN NATIONAL POWER Colonel G.R. Smith NSP 6 PSN 6 Master of Public Maîtrise en administration Administration publique Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and do Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs et not represent Department of National Defence or ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Ministère de Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used la Défense nationale ou des Forces canadiennes. Ce without written permission. papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par le Minister of National Defence, 2014. ministre de la Défense nationale, 2014. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES NSP 6 – PSN 6 2013 – 2014 MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION – MAÎTRISE EN ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE TRUE NORTH STRONG AND FREE: A STUDY OF CANADIAN NATIONAL POWER By Colonel G.R. Smith “This paper was written by a student “La présente étude a été rédigée par attending the Canadian Forces College un stagiaire du Collège des Forces in fulfilment of one of the requirements canadiennes pour satisfaire à l'une des of the Course of Studies. The paper is exigences du cours. L'étude est un a scholastic document, and thus document qui se rapporte au cours et contains facts and opinions, which the contient donc des faits et des opinions author alone considered appropriate que seul l'auteur considère appropriés and correct for the subject. It does not et convenables au sujet.
    [Show full text]