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Looking Under the Veneer (PDF, 1.75
Looking Under the Veneer IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL ON EU TIMBER TRADE CONTROL: * FOCUS ON CITES-LISTED TREES by Alexandre Affre, Wolfgang Kathe and Caroline Raymakers Document produced under a Service Contract with the European Commission Brussels, March 2004 Report to the European Commission in completion of Contract B4-3040/2002/340550/MAR/E3 March 2004 All material appearing in this publication is copyright and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit the European Commission as the copyright owner. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or TRAFFIC Europe. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Commission, TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Suggested citation: Affre, A., Kathe, W. and Raymakers, C. (2004). Looking Under the Veneer. Implementation Manual on EU Timber Trade Control: Focus on CITES-Listed Trees. by TRAFFIC Europe. Report to the European Commission, Brussels. * Cover: CITES-listed trees - species included in the Appendices of CITES and in the Annexes of the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations (Council Regulation (EC) No. 338/97; Commission Regulations (EC) No. 1808/2001 and No. 1497/2003) Cover picture: Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata) – Belgium Customs, Antwerp (2003) The TRAFFIC symbol Copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. -
Medicinal Plant Conservation
MEDICINAL Medicinal Plant PLANT SPECIALIST GROUP Conservation Silphion Volume 12 Newsletter of the Medicinal Plant Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Chaired by Danna J. Leaman Chair’s note . 2 of medicinal and aromatic plants – Bert-Jan Resolución de la reunión satélite del Grupo de Ottens, Klaus Dürbeck & Geertje Otten . 28 Especialistas de Plantas Medicinales (MPSG) Prioritisation of medicinal plants for conservation de la Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza through threat assessment in Madhya Pradesh, (UICN) . 3 India. A paradigm shift from prescription to Resolución de la mesa redonda sobre directrices practice – G. A. Kinhal, D.K. Ved & B.M.S. mundiales de conservacion y uso sostenible Rathore . 31 de plantas medicinales . 3 Medicinal plants of the Canary Islands – David Botanic Gardens: Using biodiversity to improve Bramwell . 36 human well-being – Kerry Waylen. 4 Taxon File Progress on the International Standard for Sus- Conservation strategies for Commiphora wightii. tainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and An important medicinal plant species – Aromatic Plants (ISSC-MAP) – Susanne Vineet Soni & P.L. Swarnkar . 40 Honnef, Danna Leaman, Britta Pätzold & Uwe Schippmann . 8 Podophyllum hexandrum and its conservation status in India – Niranjan Chandra Shah . 42 Supplier audit in MAP collection and cultivation: Buyer perspective in Germany – Ernst Nepeta binaludensis, a highly endangered medi- Schneider . 12 cinal plant of Iran – Farsad Nadjafi . 47 Towards a sustainable management of medicinal and aromatic plants: The case of the Agro- Conferences and Meetings artesanal Association of Producers of Dried Coming up – Natalie Hofbauer. 48 Medicinal Plants of Ecuador – AAPPSME – CITES News – Uwe Schippmann . 49 María Argüello & Zornitza Aguilar . -
Guaiacum Coulteri: an Over-Logged Dry Forest Tree of Oaxaca, Mexico
Oryx Vol 39 No 1 January 2005 Short Communication Guaiacum coulteri: an over-logged dry forest tree of Oaxaca, Mexico James E. Gordon, Marco Antonio González, Jesús Vázquez Hernández, Roberto Ortega Lavariega and Alberto Reyes-García Abstract Logging history and population structure Maintenance of G. coulteri as an understorey shrub of the dry forest tree species Guaiacum coulteri are may be possible given current land use practices in the described for Oaxaca, Mexico. We propose that the area but recovery of populations of large individuals species has been adversely affected by selective logging, may be more difficult. Suggestions for future research are with large individuals now being uncommon. We argue made. that the species is likely to have undergone similar changes elsewhere in its range and, following IUCN Keywords Guaiacum coulteri, logging, Mexico, Red List, guidelines, propose that it is categorized as Endangered. tropical dry forest, Zygophyllaceae. Guaiacum (Zygophyllaceae) is a small genus comprising Huatulco, Oaxaca (Fig. 2), and discuss the conservation six tree and shrub species (Mabberley, 1997) of the status of the species and propose a Red List (IUCN, 2003) seasonally dry forests and arid habitats of the tropics and category. subtropics of the Americas. The species of the genus are In Oaxaca the evergreen G. coulteri is of variable habit. characterized by dense timbers (lignum vitae) once It can be found as a medium sized tree that can reach the much in demand by the shipbuilding industry and that forest canopy (13–15 m) but trees of such size, whose continue to be of some economic importance (Grow & diameter at breast height (DBH) may reach >40 cm, are Schwartzman, 2001a). -
Thomas Coulter's Californian Exsiccata
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 37 Issue 1 Issue 1–2 Article 2 2019 Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Gary D. (2020) "Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 37: Iss. 1, Article 2. Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol37/iss1/2 Aliso, 37(1–2), pp. 1–73 ISSN: 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) PLANTAE COULTERIANAE: THOMAS COULTER’S CALIFORNIAN EXSICCATA Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden [formerly Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden], 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 ([email protected]) abstract An account of the extent, diversity, and importance of the Californian collections of Thomas Coulter in the herbarium (TCD) of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, is presented here. It is based on examination of collections in TCD, several other collections available online, and referenced literature. Additional infor- mation on historical context, content of herbarium labels and annotations is included. Coulter’s collections in TCD are less well known than partial duplicate sets at other herbaria. He was the first botanist to cross the desert of southern California to the Colorado River. Coulter’s collections in TCD include not only 60 vascular plant specimens previously unidentified as type material but also among the first moss andmarine algae specimens known to be collected in California. A list of taxa named for Thomas Coulter is included. -
Distribution, Genetic Structure, and Conservation
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 745 - 758, 2010 Distribution, genetic structure, and conservation status of the rare microendemic species, Guaiacum unijugum (Zygophyllaceae) in the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico Distribución, estructura genética y conservación de la especie microendémica Guaiacum unijugum (Zygophyllaceae) en la región de los Cabos de Baja California, México. Ross A. McCauley*1, Aurea C. Cortés-Palomec, and Ken Oyama Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México. 1Current address: Department of Biology and Agriculture, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive. Durango, Colorado, 81301 USA. *Correspondent: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract. Guaiacum unijugum is a rare shrub endemic to a 70 km stretch of coastline extending east from San José del Cabo in Baja California and is the least well-known of the 4 species of Guaiacum in Mexico. To increase our knowledge of this species and assess its conservation status we surveyed the extent of occurrence using both herbarium material and field work, assessed levels of genetic diversity, determined its phylogenetic relationships, and completed an evaluation of risk of extinction (MER). Herbarium material identified 5 known localities of occurrence with field work verifying the continued persistence of 4 of these with an additional site discovered. Genetic analysis across the small range using 17 microsatellite loci showed very low levels of genetic diversity with a mean expected heterozygosity (HE) of 0.162 over all polymorphic loci. Most loci were found to be monomorphic and genetic divergence was small, maintained by the presence of rare private alleles in widely-separated populations. -
Department of the Interior
Vol. 80 Friday, No. 191 October 2, 2015 Part IV Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Two Foreign Macaw Species; Final Rule VerDate Sep<11>2014 21:34 Oct 01, 2015 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\02OCR3.SGM 02OCR3 asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES 59976 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 191 / Friday, October 2, 2015 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR agreement, the Service agreed to submit 12866. Therefore, we have not analyzed a determination as to whether the its costs or benefits. Fish and Wildlife Service petitioned action is warranted, not Background warranted, or warranted but precluded 50 CFR Part 17 by other listing actions for the military Section 4(b)(3)(B) of the ESA (16 macaw (Ara militaris) and the great U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) requires that, for [Docket No. FWS–R9–ES–2011–0101; 450 any petition to revise the Federal Lists 003 0115] green macaw (Ara ambiguus) to the Federal Register by June 30, 2012. On of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife RIN 1018–AY33 July 6, 2012, the Service published a and Plants that contains substantial proposed rule (77 FR 40172) to add the scientific or commercial information Endangered and Threatened Wildlife military macaw and great green macaw that listing the species may be and Plants; Two Foreign Macaw as endangered species to the Federal warranted, we make a finding within 12 Species List of Endangered and Threatened months of the date of receipt of the petition (‘‘12-month finding’’). -
How Will Bark Contribute to Plant Survival Under Climate Change? a Comparison of Plant Communities in Wet and Dry Environments
How will bark contribute to plant survival under climate change? A comparison of plant communities in wet and dry environments. Julieta Rosell, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México [email protected] INTRODUCTION Climate change and the effect on vegetation structure and function Climate change is bringing new conditions of temperature, rainfall, and fire regime in most of the world (Ipcc, 2014). These new conditions are affecting ecosystems worldwide, including forests. Forests in general, and tropical forests in particular, have a very strong role in the regulation of climate (Bonan, 2008) and are crucial to the provision of multiple ecosystem services (Brandon, 2014). Because of this importance, there is an ever- increasing interest in understanding how tropical forests respond to these new climate conditions (Cavaleri et al., 2015). Understanding the mechanistic causes of these responses is crucial to manage the effect of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. Several studies have addressed the effect of new climate conditions on plant traits and performance (Corlett & Westcott, 2013; Soudzilovskaia et al., 2013; Law, 2014; Tausz & Grulke, 2014). These studies have indicated that, for example, plants have started to produce flowers and leaves earlier in spring (Cleland et al., 2012), and that higher net primary productivity will increase as a result of climate change in certain areas (Nemani et al., 2003), whereas increased tree mortality will be expected in others (Anderegg et al., 2013). Most studies have mainly focused on well known organs such as leaves (Li et al., 2015) and wood (Choat et al., 2012). Despite being so important for plant function and representing a significant amount of biomass, the role of bark in the response to climate change and in plant survival in general is unclear. -
THE POTENTIAL NICHE of Guaiacum Coulteri in PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS of SONORA to OAXACA, MEXICO
THE POTENTIAL NICHE OF Guaiacum coulteri IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF SONORA TO OAXACA, MEXICO Bruno Rodríguez-López, Jaime Sanchez, Gamaliel Castañeda G., Miguel Borja, Omag Cano Villegas, Raúl López García and Gisela Muro-Pérez SUMMARY The genus Guaiacum belongs to the family Zigophyllaceae, en- Sinaloa, data which matches that of the present study. The re- compassing six species of evergreen trees and shrubs. The geo- sult of ecological niche modeling for G. coulteri has a coverage graphical distribution model allows designing and creating prob- of 24,908.238 km2 and the surface of the ANPs is 13,545.76 km2; abilistic maps of sites where species are distributed. The Maxent when overlaying them, the niche area within these is 1,104.42 program projects patterns of geographic distributions by using km2, which corresponds to a coverage of 9.21%. The results sug- ecological niche models. In Mexico, several studies indicate that gest that modeling of the potential G. coulteri niche matches the the distribution of G. coulteri covers 11 Protected Natural Ar- current distribution of the species; although there are areas of eas (ANP, for their name in Spanish) covering 2,777km2; of this modeling that are not found within the ANP, the resulting model- area, 75% corresponds to the states of Oaxaca, Sonora and ing can be used as a basis for proposing specific fieldwork sites. Introduction (Maryland-Report, 2000). The of Kricogonia lyside, which blue ‘matlali’ dye named after bud of flowers is blue-violet prefer to lay their eggs on the the Aztecs (Haude, 1998). At The countries with the great- and grow in clusters or isolated; leaves of G. -
Conservation Considerations for the Genus Guaiacum (Zygophyllaceae): Taxonomy, Trade, and Population Status
Conservation Considerations for the Genus Guaiacum (Zygophyllaceae): Taxonomy, Trade, and Population Status Shelly Grow Shelly Guaiacum coulteri A. Gray Ed Schwartzman Graduate Program in Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology, University of Maryland, College Park October 21, 2001 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Taxonomy 3 Recent Taxonomic Work 5 Trade and Its Impact – Early 1900’s to Present 8 Properties and Uses of Guaiacum 8 Historical Trade Figures 10 Present Trade 12 Population Status 13 Guaiacum sanctum 15 Guaiacum coulteri 16 Conclusion 17 Literature Cited 20 List of Tables Table 1. Herbarium Specimens of Guaiacum incorrectly determined 3 Table 2. Species of Guaiacum according to the International Index of Plant Names 4 Table 3. Field observations of 25 live specimens of Guaiacum spp. 7 Table 4: Qualities and preferences among woods of Guaiacum spp. 10 Table 5. Top ten exporters and re-exporters of Lignum vitae to the U.S. (1934-1975) 11 Table 6. Export and harvest figures for G. sanctum in Mexico 12 Table 7. Estimates of mature G. sanctum individuals and volumes in two ejidos 15 Introduction Guaiacum is a genus of neo-tropical trees and shrubs distributed throughout Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, and northern South America. Native peoples have used the wood of this genus for a variety of purposes since before the arrival of Europeans to the Americas. Early Spanish explorers learned of the native use of Guaiacum as an anti-syphilitic and introduced the wood to Europe where by the 1600’s it was worth its weight in gold (Standley, 1920). The wood was so revered for its medicinal properties, that it was termed Lignum vitae or “holy wood” and is still referred to by this common name. -
Diagnóstico De La Jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis) (Link) C.K
U ACh 201 Diagnóstico de la Jojoba La jojoba ((Simmondsia chinensis) (Link) C.K. Schneider) 1 es una planta originaria del noroeste de México y del (Simmondsia chinensis) (Link) C.K. suroeste de Estados Unidos. Se caracteriza por ser la única especie vegetal conocida que produce en su semilla una cera líquida hidrogenada de alta calidad, la cual Schneider, en México puede ser utilizada en las industrias cosmética, farmacéu- Lilia Alcaraz Meléndez Sergio Manuel Real Cosío Rigoberto Meza Sánchez tica y de lubricantes, además de ser útil como alimento Diego Valdez Zamudio Margarito Rodríguez Álvarez Andrés Orduño Cruz para el consumo humano y como forraje para el ganado y la fauna silvestre. Diagnóstico de la Jojoba El misionero Miguel del Barco, en su obra intitulada "His- (Link) C.K. Schneider, en Méxic (Link) C.K. Schneider, toria Natural y Crónica de la Antigua California", narra que esta planta era aprovechada por los nativos, aunque las semillas no eran utilizadas ya que su alto contenido de aceite provocaba vómito. Sin embargo, después de la conquista española, las semillas de jojoba fueron utiliza- ( das con fines medicinales y el aceite se empleó para con- Simmondsia chinensi dimentar alimentos y como tónico para el cabello. o s ) SNIC S SINAREFI Sistema Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos para laAlimentación y la Agricultura http://snics.sagarpa.gob.mxwww.sinarefi.org.mx www.chapingo.mx Diagnóstico de la jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) (Link) C.K. Schneider, en México Lilia Alcaraz Meléndez Diego Valdez Zamudio Sergio Manuel Real Cosío Margarito Rodríguez Álvarez Rigoberto Meza Sánchez Andrés Orduño Cruz Formación y portada: D.G. -
Preliminary Flora of the Lower Bavispe Valley, Sonora, Mexico by Thomas R
Figure 1. View of Río Bavispe Valley from Cruz del Diablo. Photo by Luis Gutiérrez. Preliminary Flora of the Lower Bavispe Valley, Sonora, Mexico by Thomas R. Van Devender1, Ana L. Reina-Guerrero1, and José Jesús Sánchez-Escalante2 Abstract Introduction The flora of the lower Río Bavispe Valley from the Huásabas Although the Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.4°N, just north area south to the Río Áros at 430 to 1,510 m. elevations (1,410 of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, the northernmost tropical deciduous to 4,954 ft.) was studied from 1995 to 2016. A total of 401 forest occurs in the Sierra San Javier, Sonora (28.6°N), 680 plant taxa in 74 families and 274 genera were recorded in the km. (422 mi.) to the north-northwest (Van Devender et al. lower Río Bavispe Valley study area, including 24 non-native 2013a). The northernmost tropical vegetation in Sonora is species (6.0%). The families with the most species were foothills thornscrub in the Ríos Bavispe and Sonora Valleys. Asteraceae (50), Fabaceae (50), Poaceae (42), Euphorbiaceae In this paper, we summarize the flora of foothills thornscrub (20), Malvaceae (19), Cactaceae (13), Solanaceae (15), and and adjacent desert grassland in the lower Río Bavispe Valley Pteridaceae (11), representing 54.9% of the flora. The genera south of Huásabas, Sonora. with the most species were Acacia (8), Bouteloua (7), Study Area and Methods Euphorbia (6), Quercus (6), Boerhavia (5), Muhlenbergia (5), and Opuntia (5). The Río Bavispe begins in the northernmost Sierra Madre Occidental near Mesa Tres Ríos on the Chihuahua border. -
Evaluating Extinction Risk of the World's
THE INTERNATIONAL TIMBER TRADE: A Working List of Commercial Timber Tree Species By Jennifer Mark1, Adrian C. Newton1, Sara Oldfield2 and Malin Rivers2 1 Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University 2 Botanic Gardens Conservation International The International Timber Trade: A working list of commercial timber tree species By Jennifer Mark, Adrian C. Newton, Sara Oldfield and Malin Rivers November 2014 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, TW9 3BW, UK Cover Image: Illegal rosewood stockpiles in Antalaha, Madagascar. Author: Erik Patel; accessed via Wikimedia Commons. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illegal_rosewood_stockpiles_001.JPG 1 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3 Summary ................................................................................................................. 4 Purpose ................................................................................................................ 4 Aims ..................................................................................................................... 4 Considerations for using the Working List .......................................................... 5 Section Guide ...................................................................................................... 6 Section 1: Methods and Rationale .........................................................................