Oregon Secretary of State Elections Manual

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Oregon Secretary of State Elections Manual Oregon secretary of state elections manual Continue When you file your California business tax returns, the California Franchise Tax Board requires that you put your filing number on tax forms. The application number is not your company's tax identification number. This is a separate number that was appointed by the Secretary of State of California when you registered in this office. If you don't know the filing number, there are several ways to watch it. Find any receipt or documents from the California Secretary of State related to your business. Look for a 12-digit number that starts from the year your organization was registered as Secretary of State. For example, if your business was registered in 2006, look for a number that starts in 2006. That's your filing number. Call or email the Secretary of State's office to request a filing number for your company. Take your full name, company name, address and tax identification number. Office staff will look for a room and give it to you. Secretaries ease the burden on the managers they support by taking on a wide range of clerical and administrative tasks. Their duties are similar to those of administrative assistants and assistants to the executive branch. They call, manage calendars, coordinate meetings, and support application systems and databases on the ground. They often have a great responsibility as a spokesperson and gatekeeper for access to their managers. The best secretaries are experienced office administrators, familiar with all the tools and processes of the modern workplace. They are detail-oriented, organized and articulate written and oral communicators. If there are specific qualifications that you need, such as travel experience, or knowledge of your industry, be sure to add questions about it to the list below. To hire the right secretary for your organization, ask open, process-based questions. These types of questions are sometimes best used to assess their experience and interpersonal skills. Prospective candidates will investigate your company and ask prepared and spontaneous questions themselves. Operational and Situational Questions How is your previous experience related to this work? What are you interested in being a secretary in this company? If you tell multiple managers how to prioritize your work? How do you keep your managers informed of their work schedule? In your previous position, what queries did you usually respond to? What software do you use on a daily basis? How would you evaluate your computer skills? What documents or correspondence have you prepared? Describe in detail the steps you could take to plan a meeting for ten people. Describe a project you've been working on with a group. What was the purpose, and how did you work with others to achieve this goal? What have you done with the handling or expense reporting? You can do it. process that you use to record costs? What steps do you take to protect sensitive information? Who is the most difficult external or internal client that you have? What is the most effective way to work with this person? Independent, reliable guide to online education for more than 22 years! Copyright ©2020 GetEducated.com; Approved Colleges, LLC All Rights Reserved Independent, a trusted guide to online education for over 22 years! Copyright ©2020 GetEducated.com; Approved Colleges, LLC All Rights Reserved Secretary of State is the head of the State Department in the executive branch of the United States federal government. This department deals with all foreign affairs and relations for the nation. The Secretary of State is appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate. The Secretary of State's primary responsibility is to conduct American diplomacy and foreign policy. On January 13, 1781, the Second Continental Congress was originally established as Foreign Minister as head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. On September 15, 1781, President George Washington signed into law the renaming of the Department and The Secretary of State to the Department and Secretary of State. British by birth, the role of Secretary of State was a senior adviser to the King of England. The Secretary of State is one of the highest positions in the United States government that can be held by someone who is not a natural born U.S. citizen. To date, only two naturalized citizens have served as Secretary of State. Henry Kissinger was born in Germany and Madeleine Albright was born in Czechoslovakia. As a result of their foreign birth, both were excluded from the lineage of presidential succession. As the most senior member of the Presidential Cabinet, the Secretary of State ranks fourth in the presidential succession after the Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives and President in the Senate. Although no one took office through continuity, six former secretaries of state went on to be elected president. These were: Thomas Jefferson (in 1800); James Madison (in 1808); James Monroe (in 1816); John C. Adams (in 1824); Martin Van Buuren (1836); and James Buchanan (in 1856). Other former secretaries of state, including Henry Clay, William Seward, James Blaine, William Jennings Bryan, John Kerry and Hillary Clinton unsuccessfully ran for president, either before or after the end of the Secretary of State's term. Mike Pompeo of Kansas is currently Secretary of State. Pompeo was nominated by President Donald Trump in March 2018 to replace Rex Tillerson of Texas, who has served as secretary of state since February 1, 2017. Mister was approved by the Senate by a 57-42 vote on 26 April 2018. United States. United States. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo at the White House on January 10, 2020. Alex Wong/Getty Images Since taking over as Secretary of State has become more complex as the global geopolitical sphere has changed. These responsibilities include advising the President on foreign affairs and immigration policy, negotiating and terminating contracts with foreign countries, issuing passports, overseeing the State Department and Office of Foreign Affairs, and maximizing the protection of the lives and property of U.S. citizens living or traveling in foreign countries. The Secretary of State also advises the President on the appointment and expulsion of U.S. ambassadors and diplomats, and, if necessary, represents the United States at international conferences, organizations, and agencies. Secretaries of State also have some internal responsibilities that have been rescheduled since 1789. From the rather esoteric to the very substantial, they include the guardianship and protection of the Great Seal of the United States and the preparation of some presidential declarations. The Secretary of State is also tasked with preserving the journals and articles of the 1774 Continental Congress, including original copies of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. More importantly, the Secretary of State represents the well-being of the American people in the process of extraditing fugitives to or from the United States. Another rarely used but important duty of the Secretary of State involves the resignation of current presidents or vice presidents. Under federal law, the resignation of a president or vice president becomes effective only after it has been announced in a written statement submitted to the Secretary of State's office. In this capacity, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger received and formalized the resignations of Vice President Spiro Agnew in 1973 and President Richard Nixon in 1974. Because of their direct involvement in international affairs, secretaries of state have historically been required to actively travel abroad. The record for the number of foreign countries visited by the Secretary of State belongs to Hillary Clinton, who visited 112 countries during her four years as Secretary of State Barack Obama. Second place in the travel category belongs to Secretary Madeleine Albright, who visited 96 countries between 1997 and 2001. The record for the number of air miles traveled during the Secretary of State's tenure belongs to Secretary of State John Kerry, who flew 1,417,576 miles. Secretary Condoleezza Rice entered 1,059,247 miles, while Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's 956,733 miles in the air ranked third. Although the Constitution does not provide qualifications for the position of Secretary of State, founding father John Adams let them down when he told the delegates of the Continental Congress: What qualifications for secretary of state? He must be a man of universal reading in laws, governments, history. Our entire earthly universe must be comprehended in his Mind. The following table lists the U.S. Secretary of State, the President to whom they were appointed, their home state, and the year in which they were appointed. Secretary of State Appointments Thomas Jefferson George Washington Virginia 1789 Edmund Randolph George Washington Virginia 1794 Timothy Pickering George WashingtonJohn Adams Pennsylvania 1795, 1797 John Marshall John Adams Virginia 1800 James Madison Thomas Jefferson Virginia 1801 Robert Smith James Madison Maryland 1809 James Monroe James Madison Virginia 1811 John quincy Adams James Monroe Massachusetts 1817 Henry Clay John quincy Adams Kentucky 1825 Martin Van Buren Andrew Jackson New York 1829 Edward Andrew Jackson John Forsyth Andrew JacksonMartin Van Buren Georgia 1834, 1837 Daniel Webster William Henry HarrisonJohn Tyler Massachusetts 1841 Abel P Upshur John Tyler Virginia 1843 John C. Calhoun John TylerJames Polk South Carolina 1844, 1845 James Buchanan James Polk'hari Taylor Pennsylvania 1849 John M. Clayton zachary TaylorMillard Fillmore Delaware 1849, 1850 Daniel Webster Millard Fillmore Massachusetts 1850 Edward Everett Millard Fillmore Massachusetts 1852 William L. Marcy Franklin PierceJamsan New York 1853 , 1857 Lewis Cass James Buchanan Michigan 1857 Jeremiah S. Black James BuchananAbraham Lincoln Pennsylvania 1860, 1861 William H. Seward Abraham LincolnAndu Johnson New York 1861, 1865 Elihu B.
Recommended publications
  • The 19Th Amendment
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Women Making History: The 19th Amendment Women The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. —19th Amendment to the United States Constitution In 1920, after decades of tireless activism by countless determined suffragists, American women were finally guaranteed the right to vote. The year 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment. It was ratified by the states on August 18, 1920 and certified as an amendment to the US Constitution on August 26, 1920. Developed in partnership with the National Park Service, this publication weaves together multiple stories about the quest for women’s suffrage across the country, including those who opposed it, the role of allies and other civil rights movements, who was left behind, and how the battle differed in communities across the United States. Explore the complex history and pivotal moments that led to ratification of the 19th Amendment as well as the places where that history happened and its continued impact today. 0-31857-0 Cover Barcode-Arial.pdf 1 2/17/20 1:58 PM $14.95 ISBN 978-1-68184-267-7 51495 9 781681 842677 The National Park Service is a bureau within the Department Front cover: League of Women Voters poster, 1920. of the Interior. It preserves unimpaired the natural and Back cover: Mary B. Talbert, ca. 1901. cultural resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this work future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Of-Biography - of $ -.*«*; Tubffo
    ! Of-Biography - Of $ -.*«*; Tubffo tive from South Carolina, born in JOHN C. CALHOUN Charleston January 2, 1797; at John CaJdvvell Calhoun was Portraits of Two South Carolinians tended Charleston College and the born at "the Long Canes set i •• ©© school of the Rev. Moses Wad- tlement" In what became Abbe- dell at Abbevule; was graduated ville County, March 18, 1782; V from the College of South Caro was graduated from Yale in lina (USC) in 1814; studied law 1804 and from Litch field law In State Department Collection 1814-1817; further pursued stu School, 1806, admitted to the bar dies in Paris and Edinburg in in 1807 and commenced prac 1818 and 1819; admitted to the By Kathleen Leicit tice In Abbeville; married Flo- bar in 1822 and commenced ride Bonneau Calhoun in 1811; practice in Charleston; member TN THE Department of State the works of those less promi Washington on February 28,1844. gave up the practice of law and of the State House of Repre 1 in Washington, there is a nent. Some are by unknown or James Gillespie Blaine con established himself as a plant sentatives 1820-22 and 1924-30; little-known collection of por obscure artists. j vened and presided over the er; member of the House of one of the founders and editor traits in oils of the men who All appear to be painted on first Pan American Conference Representative 1808-09; Repre of the Southern Review 1828-32; canvas. in 1889. Robert Bacon, mem sentative from South Carolina have served our country as attorney general for South Caro The title "Secretary ol State" ber of Genend Pershing©s stalf, 1811-17; was Secretary of War in Secretaries of State.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Historic Autographs POTUS Autograph Checklist
    2018 Historic Autographs Autograph Subjects Autograph Description Last Name Letter Chester Alan Arthur President A John Adams President A John Quincy Adams President A George Herbert Walker Bush President B George Walker Bush President B James Buchanan President B Calvin Coolidge President C Grover Cleveland President C James Earl Carter Jr President C William Jefferson Clinton President C Dwight David Eisenhower President E Gerald Rudolph Ford President F Millard Fillmore President F James Abram Garfield President G Ulysses S Grant President G Benjamin Harrison President H Herbert Clark Hoover President H Rutherford Birchard Hayes President H Warren Gamaliel Harding President H William Henry Harrison President H Andrew Jackson President J Andrew Johnson President J Lyndon Baines Johnson President J Thomas Jefferson President J James Knox Polk President K John Fitzgerald Kennedy President K Abraham Lincoln President L James Madison President M James Monroe President M William McKinley President M Richard Milhous Nixon President N Barack Hussein Obama President O Franklin Pierce President P Franklin Delano Roosevelt President R Ronald Wilson Reagan President R Theodore Roosevelt President R Donald Trump President T Harry S Truman President T John Tyler President T GroupBreakChecklists.com 2018 Historic Autographs Autograph Subject List Autograph Description Last Name Letter William Howard Taft President T Zachary Taylor President T Martin Van Buren President V George Washington President W Woodrow Wilson President W Spiro Agnew Vice President
    [Show full text]
  • Dos 230Th Anniversary Thos Jefferson First Secretary Of
    Thomas Jefferson (1790–1793) ✪ Edmund Jennings Randolph (1794–1795) ✪ Timothy Pickering (1795–1800) ✪ John Marshall (1800– 1801) ✪ James Madison (1801–1809) ✪ Robert Smith (1809–1811) ✪ James Monroe (1811–1817) ✪ John Quincy Adams (1817–1825) ✪ Henry Clay (1825–1829) ✪ Martin Van Buren (1829–1831) ✪ Edward Livingston (1831–1833) ✪ Louis McLane (1833–1834) ✪ John Forsyth (1834– 1841) DanielUnited Webster (1841–1843) Abel ✪ ✪ Parker Upshur (1843–1844) ✪ John Caldwell Calhoun (1844–1845)States ✪ James Buchanan (1845– 1849) ✪ John Middleton Clayton (1849–1850) ✪ Daniel Webster (1850–1852) ✪ Edward Everett (1852–1853)Department ✪ William Learned Marcy (1853– 1857) ✪ Lewis Cass (1857–1860) ✪ Jeremiah Sullivan Black (1860–1861) ✪ William Henry Seward (1861–1869)of ✪ Elihu Benjamin Washburne (1869–1869) ✪ Hamilton Fish (1869–1877) ✪ William Maxwell Evarts (1877–1881) ✪ James Gillespie BlaineState (1881–1881) Frederick ✪ Theodore Frelinghuysen (1881–1885) ✪ Thomas Francis Bayard (1885–1889) ✪ James Gillespie Blaine (1889–1892)1789 ✪ John Watson2019 Foster (1892– 1893) ✪ Walter Quintin• Gresham (1893–1895) ✪ Richard Olney (1895–1897) ✪ John Sherman (1897–1898) William Rufus Day (1898–1898) T✪ H E V O I C E ✪ John Milton Hay (1898–1905) ✪ Elihu Root (1905–1909) Robert Bacon (1909–1909) OF ✪AMERICA TO ✪ Philander Chase Knox (1909–1913) ✪ William Jennings Bryan (1913–1915) Robert Lansing THE WORLD ✪ (1915–1920) ✪ Bainbridge Colby (1920–1921) ✪ Charles Evans Hughes (1921–1925) Frank FOR 230 YEARS ✪ Billings Kellogg (1925–1929) ✪ Henry Lewis Stimson (1929–1933) Cordell Hull (1933–1944) AND BEYOND ✪ ✪ Edward Reilly Stettinius (1944–1945) ✪ James Francis Byrnes (1945–1947) ✪ George Catlett Marshall (1947–1949) ✪ Dean Gooderham Acheson (1949–1953) ✪ John Foster Dulles (1953– 1959) ✪ Christian Archibald Herter (1959–1961) ✪ David Dean Rusk (1961–1969) ✪ William Pierce Rogers (1969–1973) ✪ Henry A.
    [Show full text]
  • H. Doc. 108-222
    OFFICERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT [ 1 ] EXPLANATORY NOTE A Cabinet officer is not appointed for a fixed term and does not necessarily go out of office with the President who made the appointment. While it is customary to tender one’s resignation at the time a change of administration takes place, officers remain formally at the head of their department until a successor is appointed. Subordinates acting temporarily as heads of departments are not con- sidered Cabinet officers, and in the earlier period of the Nation’s history not all Cabinet officers were heads of executive departments. The names of all those exercising the duties and bearing the respon- sibilities of the executive departments, together with the period of service, are incorporated in the lists that follow. The dates immediately following the names of executive officers are those upon which commis- sions were issued, unless otherwise specifically noted. Where periods of time are indicated by dates as, for instance, March 4, 1793, to March 3, 1797, both such dates are included as portions of the time period. On occasions when there was a vacancy in the Vice Presidency, the President pro tem- pore is listed as the presiding officer of the Senate. The Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution (effective Oct. 15, 1933) changed the terms of the President and Vice President to end at noon on the 20th day of January and the terms of Senators and Representatives to end at noon on the 3d day of January when the terms of their successors shall begin. [ 2 ] EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, 1789–2005 First Administration of GEORGE WASHINGTON APRIL 30, 1789, TO MARCH 3, 1793 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—GEORGE WASHINGTON, of Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph P. Tumulty Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress
    Joseph P. Tumulty Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2011 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms011185 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm76043356 Prepared by Michael McElderry with the assistance of Sherralyn McCoy Collection Summary Title: Joseph P. Tumulty Papers Span Dates: 1898-1969 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1913-1940) ID No.: MSS43356 Creator: Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954 Extent: 73,000 items ; 135 containers plus 1 oversize ; 54 linear feet ; 7 microfilm reels Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Lawyer and secretary to President Woodrow Wilson. Correspondence, letterbooks, family papers, legal documents, drafts of speeches and writings, subject files, newspaper clippings, and other papers relating primarily to Tumulty's role during Wilson's presidency and to various political and policy matters from 1913 to 1940. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Aitken, Leonard--Correspondence. Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937--Correspondence. Baker, Ray Stannard, 1870-1946--Correspondence. Barnett, John T.--Correspondence. Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965--Correspondence. Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925--Correspondence. Catt, Carrie Chapman, 1859-1947--Correspondence. Cox, James M. (James Middleton), 1870-1957--Correspondence. Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948--Correspondence.
    [Show full text]
  • [Table 7-6] CABINET NOMINATIONS, Since 1789 President/ Position
    [Table 7-6] CABINET NOMINATIONS, Since 1789 President/ Position Date of Confirmation Nominee Nomination 1 or Other Action 2 WASHINGTON_________________________________________________________________________ Edmund Randolph Attorney General Sept. 25, 1789 Sept. 26, 1789 William Bradford Attorney General Jan. 24, 1794 Jan. 27, 1794 Charles Lee Attorney General Dec. 9, 1795 Dec. 10, 1795 Samuel Osgood Postmaster General Sept. 25, 1789 Sept. 26, 1789 Timothy Pickering Postmaster General Nov. 1, 1789 Nov. 7, 1789 Joseph Habersham Postmaster General Feb. 24, 1795 Feb. 25, 1795 Thomas Jefferson State Sept. 25, 1789 Sept. 26, 1789 Edmund Randolph State Jan. 1, 1794 Jan. 2, 1794 Timothy Pickering State Dec. 9, 1795 Dec. 10, 1795 Alexander Hamilton Treasury Sept. 11, 1789 Sept. 11, 1789 Oliver Wolcott, Jr. Treasury Feb. 2, 1795 Feb. 3, 1795 Henry Knox War Sept. 11, 1789 Sept. 12, 1789 Timothy Pickering War Jan. 2, 1795 Jan. 2, 1795 James McHenry War Jan. 26, 1796 Jan. 27, 1796 Total Cabinet nominations = 14 ADAMS________________________________________________________________________________ Charles Lee Attorney General continued * [Theophilus Parsons Attorney General Feb. 18, 1801 Feb. 20, 1801 D] Benjamin Stoddert Navy May 18, 1798 May 21, 1798 Joseph Habersham Postmaster General continued * Timothy Pickering State continued * John Marshall State May 12, 1800 May 13, 1800 Oliver Wolcott, Jr. Treasury continued * Samuel Dexter Treasury Dec. 30, 1800 Dec. 31, 1800 James McHenry War continued * Samuel Dexter War May 12, 1800 May 13, 1800 [Lucius Stockton War Jan. 15, 1801 Jan. 29, 1801 W] Roger Griswold War Jan. 29, 1801 Feb. 3, 1801 25-5 Total Cabinet nominations =7 JEFFERSON____________________________________________________________________________ Levi Lincoln Attorney General Mar. 5, 1801 Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • Cordell Hull Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress. [PDF Rendered
    Cordell Hull Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2009 Revised 2011 April Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms009275 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm74026765 Prepared by George Treasure, Anita Nolen, and Patrick Doyle Collection Summary Title: Cordell Hull Papers Span Dates: 1908-1956 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1933-1944) Language: Collection material in English ID No.: MSS26765 Creator: Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955 Extent: 70,000 items ; 264 containers plus 1 classified and 1 oversize ; 99.6 linear feet ; 118 microfilm reels plus 11 second copies Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: United States senator and representative of Tennessee and secretary of state. Correspondence, memoranda, diaries, manuscript of The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (1948), speeches and statements, scrapbooks, and printed matter relating chiefly to Hull's career as secretary of state. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Allen, Frederick H. (Frederick Hobbes), approximately 1858-1937--Correspondence. Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937--Correspondence. Blair, Emily Newell, 1877- --Correspondence. Colby, Bainbridge, 1869-1950--Correspondence. Cox, James M. (James Middleton), 1870-1957--Correspondence. Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948--Correspondence. Davis, Norman H. (Norman Hezekiah), 1878-1944--Correspondence. Guffey, Joseph F., 1870-1959--Correspondence.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Department of State Fiscal Year 2018 Agency Financial Report
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE FISCAL YEAR 2018 Agency Financial Report Ensuring Prosperity for America’s Future Percent Change 2018* Highlights (dollars in billions) 2018 over 2017 2018 2017 2016 2015 Balance Sheet Totals as of September 30 Total Assets +5% $ 105.6 $ 100.6 $ 93.8 $ 90.6 Total Liabilities +12% 29.9 26.8 25.7 25.4 Total Net Position +3% 75.7 73.8 68.1 65.2 Results of Operations for the Year Ended September 30 Total Net Cost of Operations +8% $ 28.7 $ 26.5 $ 27.4 $ 25.6 Budgetary Resources for the Year Ended September 30 Total Budgetary Resources +2% $ 72.3 $ 71.0 $ 69.3 $ 65.9 Visas Issued at Foreign Posts 9.0 million 9.7 million 10.4 million 10.9 million * Throughout this report all use of year indicates fiscal year. Total Net Cost of Operations (dollars in billions) $30 $25 $20 $15 $10 $5 $0 2015 2016 2017 2018 ABOUT THE COVER The cover is a montage that presents the Department’s commitment in advancing and executing American’s interests and values. The images include: (top left) Secretary Pompeo meets first and second tour officers from Embassy Tel Aviv in Tel Aviv, Israel, April 29, 2018; (middle left) Secretary Pompeo greets embassy personnel and their families at the U.S. Embassy Beijing in Beijing, China, June 14, 2018; (middle right) Secretary Pompeo and NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg host a meeting with the foreign ministers of select members of the Coalition to Defeat ISIS at the NATO summit in Brussels, Belgium, July 12, 2018; and (bottom left) Secretary Pompeo participates in joint press conference with Ambassador Nikki Haley at the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City, New York, September 24, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Contributions to the United States: Honoring the Past And
    The School Board of Broward County, Florida Benjamin J. Williams, Chair Beverly A. Gallagher, Vice Chair Carole L. Andrews Robin Bartleman Darla L. Carter Maureen S. Dinnen Stephanie Arma Kraft, Esq. Robert D. Parks, Ed.D. Marty Rubinstein Dr. Frank Till Superintendent of Schools The School Board of Broward County, Florida, prohibits any policy or procedure which results in discrimination on the basis of age, color, disability, gender, national origin, marital status, race, religion or sexual orientation. Individuals who wish to file a discrimination and/or harassment complaint may call the Director of Equal Educational Opportunities at (754) 321-2150 or Teletype Machine TTY (754) 321-2158. www.browardschools.com Women’s Contributions to the United States: Honoring the Past and Challenging the Future Manual Grades K-12 Dr. Earlean C. Smiley Deputy Superintendent Curriculum and Instruction/Student Support Sayra Vélez Hughes Executive Director Multicultural & ESOL Program Services Education Department Dr. Elizabeth L. Watts Multicultural Curriculum Development/Training Specialist Multicultural Department Barbara Billington Linda Medvin Marion M. Williams Resource Teachers WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNITED STATES: HONORING THE PAST AND CHALLENGING THE FUTURE TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... i Writing Team ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Jurisprudence of American Foreign Policy in the 1920'S
    Note Abolishing Coercion: The Jurisprudence of American Foreign Policy in the 1920's Jonathan Zasloff Recent research has revised our view of American foreign policy during the 1920's. Historians now see American policymakers of that era not as naive isolationists, but as realistic appraisers of the nation's interests. They argue that the United States used its power to create an "informal" empire in which Washington dictated the rules of the global economy through intense involvement in international economic affairs.' Thus, the United States could expand economically without assuming the burdens of global leadership. But while these historians have demonstrated how policymakers perceived America's global interests, they have neglected those policymakers' conception of the global order. It is one thing to determine that the nation's primary interest lies in economic expansion; it is quite another to determine how the international system can remain stable so that expansion can occur. U.S. leaders rejected traditional prescriptions for a balance of power system, believing that such a system had led to disaster in 1914. Yet they could not rely on international economic growth alone, for World War I began after nearly two decades of global economic expansion. What, then, did American policymakers believe would foster international stability? 1. For good examples of this interpretation, see FRANK COSTIGLIOLA, AWKWARD DOMINION (1984); EMILY S. ROSENBERG, SPREADING THE AMERICAN DREAM (1982). The new interpretation derives its main assumptions from the work of William Appleman Williams. See, e.g., William Appleman williams, The Legend of Isolationism in the 1920's, 17 So. & SOC'Y 1 (1954).
    [Show full text]
  • Dos 230Th Anniversary Thos Jefferson First Secretary of State Poster Spanish.Indd 1 8/13/19 10:33 AM
    Thomas Jefferson (1790–1793) ✪ Edmund Jennings Randolph (1794–1795) ✪ Timothy Pickering (1795–1800) ✪ John Marshall (1800– 1801) ✪ James Madison (1801–1809) ✪ Robert Smith (1809–1811) ✪ James Monroe (1811–1817) ✪ John Quincy Adams (1817–1825) ✪ Henry Clay (1825–1829) ✪ Martin Van Buren (1829–1831) ✪ Edward Livingston (1831–1833) ✪ Louis McLane (1833–1834) ✪ John Forsyth (1834– 1841) ✪ Daniel Webster (1841–1843) ✪ Abel Parker Upshur (1843–1844) ✪ John Caldwell Calhoun (1844–1845) ✪ James Buchanan (1845– 1849)DepartamentoJohn Middleton Clayton (1849–1850) ✪ ✪ Daniel Webster (1850–1852)de ✪ Edward Everett (1852–1853) ✪ William Learned Marcy (1853– 1857) ✪ Lewis Cass (1857–1860) ✪ Jeremiah Sullivan BlackEstado (1860–1861) William Henry ✪ Seward (1861–1869) ✪de Elihu Benjamin Washburne (1869–1869) ✪ Hamilton Fish (1869–1877) ✪ EstadosWilliam Maxwell Evarts Unidos(1877–1881) ✪ James Gillespie Blaine (1881–1881) ✪ Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (1881–1885) ✪ Thomas Francis Bayard (1885–1889) ✪ James Gillespie Blaine (1889–1892)1789 ✪ John Watson2019 Foster (1892– 1893) ✪ Walter Quintin• Gresham (1893–1895) ✪ Richard Olney (1895–1897) ✪ John Sherman (1897–1898) William Rufus Day (1898–1898) ESTADOS ✪ UNIDOS ✪ John Milton Hay (1898–1905) ✪ Elihu Root (1905–1909) Robert Bacon (1909–1909) SE HA✪ DIRIGIDO ✪ Philander Chase Knox (1909–1913) ✪ William Jennings Bryan (1913–1915) Robert Lansing AL MUNDO DURANTE ✪ (1915–1920) ✪ Bainbridge Colby (1920–1921) ✪ Charles Evans Hughes (1921–1925) Frank 2 3 0 A Ñ O S ✪ Billings Kellogg (1925–1929) ✪ Henry Lewis Stimson (1929–1933) Cordell Hull (1933–1944) Y CONTINUARÁ ✪ ✪ Edward Reilly Stettinius (1944–1945) ✪ James Francis Byrnes (1945–1947) ✪ George Catlett Marshall (1947–1949) ✪ Dean Gooderham Acheson (1949–1953) ✪ John Foster Dulles (1953– 1959) ✪ Christian Archibald Herter (1959–1961) ✪ David Dean Rusk (1961–1969) ✪ William Pierce Rogers (1969–1973) ✪ Henry A.
    [Show full text]