Biorefinery concepts
Definition1 A biorefinery is a facility for the synergetic End products processing of biomass into several marketable Bioenergy biobased products (food and feed ingredients, Heat chemicals, materials, minerals, CO2) and bioenergy (fuels, power, heat). Power Biofuels Many industries (pulp & paper, crop-based ethanol, Biobased products vegetable oil extraction, etc.) with a long history fall within this definition of biorefineries, as do biodiesel Food Feed plants. The emerging use of biomass for a variety of Chemicals applications is increasingly considering the Materials biorefinery approach. Below are some examples of biorefineries, already established in some industrial branches as well as emerging technologies for future bio-based or bio- Examples of biorefinery facilities fuel industries. AGRANA Austria Biorefinery examples feedstock Starch crops AGRANA runs Austria’s only bioethanol fuel plant products Ethanol, wheat starch, bran and demonstrates complete and sustainable and gluten, feed, CO utilisation of the used agrarian raw materials. In 2 addition to bioethanol, protein-rich animal feed, wheat starch and highly refined CO2 are produced. Pannonia Hungary Pannonia Ethanol produces fuel ethanol and animal Ethanol feed. The facility currently utilizes corn to produce feedstock Corn renewable ethanol, Dried Distillers Grains with products Ethanol, feed (DDGS, corn oil) Solubles (DDGS), a high protein animal feed, and corn oil, a valuable animal feed ingredient. Pannonia Ethanol produces as much animal feed as Borregaard Norway renewable ethanol. feedstock Wood (spruce) The Borregaard plant in Sarpsborg, Norway, products Specialty cellulose, lignin, provides special cellulose pulp and lignin products, ethanol, vanillin, bioenergy including vanilla flavor, from wood. As a byproduct, ethanol is produced by fermentation of the hemicellulose C6 sugars.
In the area of biodiesel production, where vegetable oil is converted to FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) and Examples of biorefinery facilities glycerin, one example is the Biodiesel Bilbao plant in Spain. Biodiesel Spain An example from the pulp & paper industry is the Bilbao UPM Lappeenranta Biorefinery. It produces diesel feedstock Vegetable oil and naphta from tall oil, which is a by-product from products FAME, glycerin the adjacent pulp mill. Further products are turpentine
and pitch. UPM Biofuels Lappeenranta, Finland Another pulp biorefinery is Pöls in Austria. The major feedstock Tall oil from the adjacent product from the Kraft pulping process in Pöls is pulp mill market pulp. Tall oil and turpentine is recovered from the black liquor, which is then combusted to generate products Diesel, naphta, turpentine, pitch heat and power.
The Bomaderry Plant in Australia (food industry) uses Pöls Austria wheat flour and extracts gluten and starch. Some of the starch is converted into liquid glucose, the feedstock Wood remaining waste starch is converted into high-grade products Kraft pulp, paper, tall oil, ethanol via fermentation. Stillage residues are turpentine, bark, electricity processed for animal feed. Products are gluten, and heat starch, glucose, ethanol and animal feed.
Avantium is an example for the chemical industry. Bomaderry Australia Furan derivatives are obtained by catalytic feedstock Wheat and wheat flour dehydration/etherification of carbohydrates, and used products Gluten, starch, glucose, to produce biomass-based building blocks for fuels, ethanol, stock feed plastics and fine chemicals. A CHP plant is integrated in the process to ensure the efficient use of solid residues (lignin, humin). Avantium The Netherlands BIOWERT in Germany combines a food residues- feedstock Cellulose, hemi-cellulose, based biogas plant with a facility processing grass starch, sucrose silage into high quality cellulosic fibres. By-product products Furan-based biofuels, from the fibre production is green juice, which is monomers for polymers, utilized in the biogas plant. In turn, heat, electricity chemicals, solid fuels and process water of the biogas plant are utilized in (humin, lignin residues) the fibre production process.
Further information BIOWERT Germany
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 deals with biorefining in a feedstock Grass future bioeconomy and has published several products Cellulosic fiber, composite essential studies and reports on biorefineries. granulate/profiles, nutrients, biogas http://task42.ieabioenergy.com/
1Definition of biorefinery according to IEA Bioenergy Task 42.
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