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Analiza Možnosti Uvedbe Dopolnilne Dejavnosti Na Kmetiji

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Analiza Možnosti Uvedbe Dopolnilne Dejavnosti Na Kmetiji UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FAKULTETA ZA KMETIJSTVO IN BIOSISTEMSKE VEDE Petra ANTOLI Č ANALIZA MOŽNOSTI UVEDBE DOPOLNILNE DEJAVNOSTI NA KMETIJI DIPLOMSKO DELO Maribor, 2011 UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FAKULTETA ZA KMETIJSTVO IN BIOSISTEMSKE VEDE MANAGMENT V AGROŽIVILSTVU IN RAZVOJ PODEŽELJA Petra ANTOLI Č ANALIZA MOŽNOSTI UVEDBE DOPOLNILNE DEJAVNOSTI NA KMETIJI DIPLOMSKO DELO Maribor, 2011 POPRAVKI Antoli č P. Analiza možnosti uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji. Dipl. delo. III Maribor, Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede, 2011 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Diplomsko delo je zaklju ček visokega strokovnega programa Managment v agroživilstvu in razvoj podeželja, na Fakulteti za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede Univerze v Mariboru. Komisija za zagovor in oceno diplomskega dela: Predsednik: Izr. prof. dr. Črtomir ROZMAN Mentor: Izr. prof. dr. Karmen PAŽEK Somentor: doc. dr. Darja MAJKOVI Č Član: doc. dr. Marjan JANŽEKOVI Č Lektorica: Milena Kumer, prof. Diplomsko delo je rezultat lastnega raziskovalnega dela. Datum zagovora: 30. 9. 2011 Antoli č P. Analiza možnosti uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji. Dipl. delo. IV Maribor, Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede, 2011 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Analiza možnosti uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji UDK: 637.13:336.645.1:004.414.23(049.5)(043.2)=863 Cilj raziskave je analizirati smiselnost investicije na kmetiji, ki se ukvarja z govedorejo, v kmetijo, ki bi se ukvarjala z dopolnilno dejavnostjo predelavo mleka. V ta namen je bil za predelavo mleka razvit simulacijski model. Rezultati ekonomske analize kažejo, da je predelava mleka ekonomsko upravi čena (Ke = 1,17). Modelna ocena parametrov finan čne smotrnosti investiranja v predelavo mleka je pokazala, da je s finan čnega vidika in po 20 letih, ob predvideni 14% letni obrestni meri ter ob predpostavki konstantnega letnega denarnega toka, na obravnavani kmetiji investicija predelave mleka v sire upravi čena. Obdobje povratka investicije znaša v tem primeru 12 let. V nadaljevanju naloge smo izvedli anketo, ki je zajemala prepoznavnost obmo čja, kjer se obravnavana kmetija nahaja. Izsledki nam bodo služili kot pomo č pri oblikovanju smernic za morebitno obogatitev ponudbe kmetije s turisti čno dejavnostjo. Klju čne besede: investicija / predelava mleka / simulacijski modeli / CBA analiza / anketa OP: IV, 68 str., 6 pregl., 5 slik, 56 ref. Die Analyse der Möglichkeit für die Einführung der ergänzenden Aktivitäten auf Bauernhöfen Das Ziel der Forschung ist es den Sinn der Investition auf dem Bauernhof mit Rinderzucht, der in die Farm mit zusätzlicher Milchverarbeitung umgestaltet wäre, zu analysieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das Simulationsmodell der Milchverarbeitung entwickelt. Ergebnisse der wirtschaftlichen Analyse zeigen, dass die Verarbeitung von Milch berechtigt ist (Ke = 1,17). Modellschätzung der Parameter für die finanzielle Zweckmäßigkeit von Investitionen in die Verarbeitung von Milch zeigte, dass aus finanzieller Sicht und nach 20 Jahren, vorausgesetzt 14 % jährlichen Zinssatz und unter der Annahme eines konstanten jährlichen Geldeinlauf, auf dem vorliegenden Bauernhof die Verarbeitung von Milch zum Käse gerechtfertigt wird. Die Investition wird in diesem Fall über einen Zeitraum von 12 Jahren amortisierbar. Die folgenden Aufgaben wurden mit Umfrage die Erkennbarkeit des Bereichs, wo die Farm ist, zu prüfen. Die Ergebnisse werden uns dienen als Hilfe bei der Formulierung von Leitlinien für eine mögliche Angebotsanreicherung der Farm mit touristischen Aktivitäten. Stichwörter: der Investition / der Milchverarbeitung / das Simulationsmodelle / CBA- Analyze / die Umfrage OP: IV, 68 S., 6 Tab., 5 Bild., 56 Ref. Antoli č P. Analiza možnosti uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji. Dipl. delo. V Maribor, Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede, 2011 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Kazalo vsebine 1 UVOD………………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Namen in cilji naloge……………………………………………………………...2 1.2 Delovne hipoteze…………………………………………………………………..3 2 PREGLED LITERATURE……………………………………………………………4 2.1 Dopolnilna dejavnost……………………………………………………………..4 2.1.1 Vrste dopolnilnih dejavnosti……………………………………………….5 2.1.2 Vzroki za razvoj dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji………………………...7 2.2 Splošni podatki o mleku……………………………………………………….....9 2.2.1 Predelava mleka…………………………………………………………..10 2.2.1.1 Sir……………………………………………………………………..11 2.2.1.2 Predelava mleka na kmetijah v Sloveniji…………………………….13 2.2.1.3 Tipi obratov za predelavo živil živalskega izvora v Sloveniji………..14 2.2.2 Prostori za predelavo mleka………………………………………………15 2.3 Trženje v kmetijstvu in izven……………………………………………….…..17 2.3.1 Definicija trženja………………………………………………………….17 2.3.2 Kmetijsko trženje…………………………………………………………18 2.3.2.1 Neposredno trženje kmetijskih izdelkov……………………………...19 2.4 Predstavitev kmetije in Gajševskega jezera z okolico………………………...20 2.5 Sirarna Gori čki raj……………………………………………………………...22 2.6 CBA-analiza in simulacijsko modeliranje v kmetijstvu….......………………..23 3 MATERIALI IN METODE DELA………………………………………………..….27 3.1 Simulacijsko modeliranje……………………………………………………….28 3.2 Finan čna analiza ocenjevanja smotrnosti investicijskega projekta………….30 3.2.1 Investicije………………………………………………………………….30 3.2.2 Neto sedanja vrednost (NSV)……………………………………………..31 3.2.3 Interna stopnja donosnosti (ISD)………………………………………….33 Antoli č P. Analiza možnosti uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji. Dipl. delo. VI Maribor, Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede, 2011 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 Uporaba simulacijskega modela za eknomsko in finan čno analizo predelave mleka……………………………………………………………………………...35 3.3.1 Izra čun stroškov materiala………………………………………………...35 3.3.2 Kalkulacije skupnih stroškov……………………………………………...38 3.3.3 Kalkulacije skupnih prihodkov……………………………………………39 3.3.4 Izra čun investicije…………………………………………………………39 3.3.5 Izra čun neto sedanje vrednosti (NSV) in interne stopnje donosnosti (ISD) ter obdobje povratka investicije………………………………………...…39 3.4 Deskriptivna in komparativna metoda………………………………………...41 3.5 Metoda tržne raziskave…………………………………………………………41 3.5.1 Raziskovanje trga …………………………………………………………43 4 REZULTATI Z RAZPRAVO………………………………………………………...44 5 SKLEPI………………………………………………………………………………..60 6 LITERATURA………………………………………………………………………..62 Antoli č P. Analiza možnosti uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji. Dipl. delo. VII Maribor, Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede, 2011 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Kazalo preglednic Preglednica 1: Razporeditev dopolnilnih dejavnosti na kmetijah v letu 2005……………..7 Preglednica 2: Najpomembnejša sestavina v mleku………………………………………10 Preglednica 3: Prikaz izra čunov letnih skupnih stroškov na kmetiji……………………...46 Preglednica 4: Prikaz izra čuna predvidenih letnih skupnih prihodkov na kmetiji………..48 Preglednica 5: Oprema, ki je potrebna v sirarni…………………………………………..49 Preglednica 6: Rezultati analize investicije……………………………………………….50 Kazalo slik Slika 1 : Tehnološka shema (tradicionalne) pridelave sira………………………………..13 Slika 2 : Primer skice na črta predelovalnih prostorov…………………………………….16 Slika 3: Krogotok trženja………………………………………………………………….18 Slika 4: Vrste neposredne prodaje…………………………………………………………19 Slika 5: Proces simulacije………………………………………………………………….29 Antoli č P. Analiza možnosti uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji. Dipl. delo. 1 Maribor, Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede, 2011 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 1 UVOD V zadnjih letih se vse ve č kmetovalcev odlo ča, za t.i. »multifunkcionalnost kmetijstva«, ko se na kmetiji poleg primarne panoge, ukvarjajo še z dopolnilnimi dejavnostmi. Novi posli pluriaktivnih kmetov, ki kombinirajo kmetijsko proizvodnjo z drugimi aktivnostmi, ki prinašajo dohodek, prispevajo k prihodku gospodinjstva in tako k ohranjanju delovnih mest na kmetiji in posredno k samemu obstoju kmetije. Pluriaktivni kmetje vzdržujejo tradicionalen na čin življenja in ga hkrati modernizirajo. Na ta na čin in z razvijanjem podjetniških aktivnosti na kmetiji prispevajo k multifunkcionalnosti kmetijstva (Kinsella 2000). Težnja k odlo čitvi za izvedbo novega posla na kmetiji je velikokrat motivacija po nadaljevanju kmetovanja kot na činu življenja, ostati svoboden in neodvisen, kot sam zaposlen, ali zaradi tradicije kmetovanja po kombiniranju razli čnih aktivnosti. Ukvarjanje z ve č dejavnostmi na kmetiji ni nujno samo ekonomska prilagoditvena strategija, ampak omogo ča neodvisnost in pove čanje ali obdržanje prihodka, ki ga prinaša kmetija (McNally 2001). Uspešna dopolnilna dejavnost na kmetiji prinaša dodaten prihodek in potencialna dodatna delovna mesta, kar ob uspešnem gospodarjenju lahko predstavlja zelo veliko finančno podporo primarni panogi. V Sloveniji so kmetije manjše in težavne razmere za kmetijsko pridelavo kmete že od nekdaj silijo v iskanje možnosti za dodatni dohodek. Tako kot nekdaj se tudi danes kmetje odlo čajo za dopolnilne dejavnosti predvsem iz ekonomskih razlogov. Tako želijo pridobiti dodatni dohodek za zagotavljanje socialne varnosti oziroma izboljšati socialni položaj kme čki družini in tako bolje izkoristiti svoje stanovanjske in gospodarske prostore ter stroje, zaposliti
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