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Marine Aquaculture in the Context of Sustainable Coastal Development What Influences Decision-Making Processes in Israel and G

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Marine Aquaculture in the Context of Sustainable Coastal Development What Influences Decision-Making Processes in Israel and G Marine Aquaculture in the context of sustainable coastal development What influences decision-making processes in Israel and Germany? Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Michael Schultz Kiel, 2012 Referent: Prof. Dr. Horst Sterr Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Carsten Schulz Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14.06.2012 Zum Druck genehmigt: Kiel, den 14.06.2012 Prof. Dr. Lutz Kipp (Der Dekan) VORWORT: Die vorliegende Dissertation entstand im Zeitraum Januar 2008 - Mai 2012 im Rahmen meiner Forschungstätigkeit am Lehrstuhl für Küstengeographie und Klimafolgenforschung des Geographischen Instituts der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Sie vereint die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse des deutsch-israelischen Forschungsprojektes SPAMA (Socio-Political Aspects of Marine Aquaculture), welches durch die German Israeli Foundation (GIF) gefördert wurde, mit darauf aufbauenden Untersuchungen im Hinblick auf die Marikulturentwicklung in Israel und Deutschland. An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich bei dem gesamten SPAMA-Projektteam für die fruchtbare Zusammenarbeit und die Unterstützung meiner weiterführenden Untersuchungen bedanken. Insbesondere danke ich Dr. Peter Krost von Coastal Research and Management (CRM) für die vielseitigen Einblicke in die Muschel- und Algenzucht, das fachliche Feedback aber auch für die persönlichen, konstruktiven Gespräche bei köstlichen Miesmuscheln aus der Kieler Förde. Zudem möchte ich unseren israelischen Projektpartnern Prof. Dr. Eran Vigoda-Gadot, Dr. Shirra Freeman und Dr. Dror Angel für den wissenschaftlichen Austausch und die interessanten Einblicke in die israelische Kultur danken. Ich habe mich sehr gefreut das Land Israel im Rahmen meiner Forschungstätigkeit bereisen und kennenlernen zu dürfen. Mein ganz besonderer Dank gilt jedoch meinem Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Horst Sterr, der nicht nur die wissenschaftliche Betreuung meiner Dissertation übernommen sondern auch stets meine fachliche, berufliche und persönliche Weiterentwicklung unterstützt und gefördert hat. Die zweieinhalb Jahre als wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft und noch einmal fünfeinhalb Jahre als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an seinem Lehrstuhl waren für mich eine ebenso erfahrungsreiche wie auch schöne Zeit, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der sehr angenehmen und kollegialen Arbeitsatmosphäre. Auf diesem Wege wünsche ich ihm nochmals alles Gute für seinen bevorstehenden Ruhestand, hoffe aber auch, dass er der Küstengeographie mit seinem Fachwissen und Engagement noch lange erhalten bleibt. Des Weiteren möchte ich Prof. Dr. Carsten Schultz für die Übernahme des Korreferats und die Unterstützung meiner Forschungsarbeit danken. Widmen möchte ich diese Dissertation zum einen meinen Eltern, Helga und Bernhard Schultz, die mir nicht nur das Studium der Geographie ermöglichten sondern mich auch stets in meinem Lebensweg mit viel Verständnis, Liebe und Hingabe unterstützt haben. Zum anderen widme ich diese Arbeit meiner Freundin Elisabeth Goldschmidt, die mich mit unermüdlichem Einsatz und mit viel Liebe und Verständnis auch durch die stürmischsten Phasen meiner Promotion begleitet hat. Eine solche Arbeit bedeutet ein hohes Maß an persönlichem Verzicht, Fleiß und Durchhaltevermögen und ohne eure fachliche, moralische und emotionale Unterstützung läge sie heute wohl nicht vor. Danke! The SPAMA Project Team – Final Project Meeting, University of Haifa, 14th of October 2010. From left to right: Shirra Freemann, Peter Krost, Eran Vigoda-Gadot, Horst Sterr, Elisabeth Goldschmidt, Michael Schultz, Dror Angel. I Contents List of Figures....................................................................................................................... IV List of Tables........................................................................................................................ VI Abbreviations....................................................................................................................... VII Summary.............................................................................................................................. VIII Abstract................................................................................................................................. XII Kurzfassung........................................................................................................................ XIV 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The SPAMA project .............................................................................................. 2 1.2 Objectives and conceptual framework of the thesis............................................... 3 1.3 Structure of the thesis............................................................................................ 5 1.4 The study areas in Germany and Israel................................................................. 6 1.4.1 The German study area........................................................................... 6 1.4.1.1 Climate and ecological characteristics...................................... 7 1.4.1.2 Economic characteristics.......................................................... 9 1.4.2 The study areas in Israel.........................................................................11 1.4.2.1 Climate and ecological characteristics.................................... 12 1.4.2.2 Economic characteristics........................................................ 15 2 AQUACULTURE – global and regional development.................................................... 17 2.1 Historical development of aquaculture................................................................. 17 2.2 Current development of aquaculture.................................................................... 19 2.3 Ecological and socio-economic effects of aquaculture......................................... 22 2.4 Aquaculture in Israel............................................................................................. 25 2.4.1 History of aquaculture in Israel.............................................................. 25 2.4.2 Trends and future development of aquaculture in Israel....................... 26 2.5 Aquaculture in Germany....................................................................................... 27 2.5.1 History of aquaculture in Germany........................................................ 27 2.5.2 Trends and future development of aquaculture in Germany................. 28 2.6 Political framework regarding aquaculture in Israel, Europe and Germany......... 29 2.6.1 Political framework in Israel................................................................... 29 2.6.2 Political framework on European level................................................... 31 2.6.3 Political framework in Germany............................................................. 33 II 3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND....................................................................................... 35 3.1 Concept of sustainability...................................................................................... 35 3.2 Concept of good governance.............................................................................. 39 3.3 Integrated coastal zone management.................................................................. 44 3.4 Attitude-behaviour models................................................................................... 52 3.5 The role of public and stakeholders perceptions in a sustainable mariculture development........................................................................................................ 57 4 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES............................................................................... 59 4.1 Quantitative analysis............................................................................................ 60 4.1.1 Survey and questionnaire development................................................ 61 4.1.1.1 Types of questionnaire questions.......................................... 62 4.1.1.2 Structure of the questionnaire................................................ 64 4.1.2 Pilot test................................................................................................ 65 4.1.3 Data collection....................................................................................... 66 4.1.4 Data analyses........................................................................................ 67 4.2 Qualitative analysis of content............................................................................. 68 4.2.1 The grounded theory............................................................................. 70 4.2.2 The qualitative content analysis........................................................... 71 4.2.3 Applied methodology............................................................................. 74 4.2.4 Conducting interviews with experts....................................................... 75 4.2.5 Stakeholder identification....................................................................... 77 4.2.6 Transcription and coding with MAXQDA................................................ 79 4.2.7 Cross-case analysis.............................................................................. 83 5 RESULTS..........................................................................................................................
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