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Waterleaf Family HYDROPHYLLACEAE – WATERLEAF FAMILY Plant: mostly herbs, rarely shrubs Stem: Root: Leaves: simple or pinnate, rarely palmate, alternate or opposite, sometimes in basal rosettes; no stipules Flowers: perfect, regular (actinomorphic); often arranged in coils at tip of stem or on one side of stem; mostly 5 (4-10) united sepals, often cleft to middle or almost to base; mostly 5 (4-10) united petals into several shapes (bell, funnel, flat, etc.) with lobes; 5 (4-10) stamens often protrude; ovary mostly superior, carpels 2, many ovules, style 1 or rarely 2, sometimes divided Fruit: capsule, may be oily Other: Dicotyledons Group Genera: 17 genera; locally Ellisia, Hydrolea, Hydrophyllum (waterleaf), Nemophila, Phacelia (phacelia) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive HYDROPHYLLACEAE – WATERLEAF FAMILY Ovate False Fiddleleaf; Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy Oneflower False Fiddleleaf [Hydrolea]; Hydrolea uniflora Raf. Great [Appendaged] Waterleaf; Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. Bluntleaf [Broad-Leaved] Waterleaf; Hydrophyllum canadense L. Virginia [Eastern] Waterleaf [Shawnee Salad]; Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Fernleaf Phacelia; Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. Fuzzy Phacelia; Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. Miami Mist; Phacelia purshii Buckley Silky Phacelia [Scorpionweed]; Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray Ovate False Fiddleleaf USDA Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Big Cane Conservation Area, Butler County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, blue, stamens long and protruding, sepals usually with dense long and spreading hairs, flowers mostly at top of plant; leaves alternate, ovate, with hairs on lower midrib; at least upper stem with fine hairs, often with spines in axils; ditches, swamps and other wet areas; summer [V Max Brown, 2011] Oneflower False Fiddleleaf USDA [Hydrolea] Hydrolea uniflora Raf. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Stoddard County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, blue; stamens long and protruding, sepals glabrous to slightly hairy; leaves lanceolate, acute tip, mostly glabrous; stem mostly glabous, usually with spines in axils; ditches, swamps and other wet areas; summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Great [Appendaged] Waterleaf USDA Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Goll Woods, Fulton County, Ohio Notes: 5-lobed flower, light lavender to pale purple, stamens long and protruding, sepals densely hairy (hispid), some with reflexed appendages between sepals; leaves palmately lobed, about as wide as long, toothed; stem hairy; woods; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Bluntleaf [Broad-Leaved] Waterleaf USDA Hydrophyllum canadense L. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Goll Woods, Fulton County, Ohio Notes: 5-lobed flower, light lavender to pale purple or white, staments exerted, no reflexed appendages between sepals, flowers present below the leaves; leaves palmately lobed, very large (up to 20+ cm) and “maple-like”, about as wide as long (somewhat circular), coarsely toothed; stem mostly smooth to slightly hairy; woods; early to late summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Virginia [Eastern] Waterleaf USDA [Shawnee Salad] Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-lobed flower, white-lavender-pale purple, stamens very long and protruding; leaves about as wide as long, deeply 5-7 pinnately divided (lobed) – sharply toothed lobes, often mottled as if water stained; upper stem with mostly straight appressed hairs; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2007] Fernleaf Phacelia USDA Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, light to dark blue, petals hairy outside, 8+ to many flowers, sepals with spreading glandular hairs, pedicels glandular hairy; leaves about as wide as long, deeply 3-7 pinnately divided, segments toothed, often blotched; stem densely hairy with mostly straight spreading hairs; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Fuzzy Phacelia USDA Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Greene County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, light blue with dark blue dots on white center, petals entire or barely fringed, outer corolla surface hairy, sepals with spreading hairs, pedicels hairy; leaves about as wide as long, deeply 5-7 pinnately divided (lobed) , segments somewhat blunt; upper stem with mostly straight hairs (somewhat appressed in this sample); late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Miami Mist USDA Phacelia purshii Buckley Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Sam A. Baker State Park, Wayne County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, light to very light blue, petals fringed, outer corolla surface glabrous, sepals with spreading hairs; stem leaves mostly sessile and clasping, petiolate near base, moderately 5-9+ pinnately lobed, hairy; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Silky Phacelia USDA [Scorpionweed] Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: 5-lobed flower, blue to dark purple with protruding stamens, in small cymes on spike; leaves basal and alternate, 1-2 pinnate, often ascending on stem; stem densely short hairy; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2012].
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