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Canadians in the Italian Campaign

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Canadians in the Italian Campaign Weather Canadians in the Italian Campaign At dawn on July 10, 1943, the Allies launched “Operation Husky,” the invasion of southern Sicily, with January 16, 1944 Canadians coming ashore at Pachino. Ortona Salient, Italy The four-week battle was successful, but at a cost of more than 550 killed and 30 F Snow and wind more than 650 Canadians wounded. This marked the beginning of the Italian Campaign of the Second World War. It Photo: Library and Archives Canada PA-136197 was a series of Allied advances through the mountainous terrain of the island of Profiles of Sicily and mainland Italy, which were under German control. Canadian troops Courage played an important role in several battles between July 1943 and February 1945. Private Ernest “Smokey” Germany needed to retain control Smith of British of mainland Italy and reinforced its Columbia served Image: VAC mountainous defences. A difficult Allied advance also encountered heavy in the Italian Canadian soldier on tank near Potenza, Italy. September 1943. Campaign and rains, stifling dust or severe winter earned a Victoria weather. Shortly before Christmas 1943, Cross for his Canadians were thrust into a fierce battle Italy, fighting in the Liri Valley and victory in Italy. By February 1945, the actions at the for Ortona. Stones littered the steep and helping breach the Hitler Line, in central Canadians were shifted to join the 1st Savio River on narrow streets and made it impossible for Italy. Canadian Army in northwest Europe. October 21 and tanks to pass. Finally, on December 28, Canadian troops fought bravely in Italy, Private Ernest the coastal town was taken. Canadian Canadian participation in the Italian suffering approximately 26,000 casualties, 22, 1944. Smith “Smokey” Smith, VC died in 2005, the troops then continued their push through Campaign ended shortly before the final including almost 6,000 dead. last living Canadian Victoria Cross recipient. Up the Taedong River in a Destroyer A former Minister of Veterans Photo : VAC In December 1950, during the Korean War, the port city Affairs, the late of Chinnampo was facing a massive enemy advance and Honourable the order was given to evacuate. Six United Nations (UN) Daniel J. ships, including three Canadian destroyers, were sent to MacDonald help. It would not be easy—Chinnampo was more than 30 served as a kilometres up the Taedong River, a waterway heavily mined sergeant in by the North Koreans. Italy during Photo: Department of National Defence the Second Two UN ships ran aground and were forced to turn back World War. Daniel J. but the remaining ships, led by HMCS Cayuga, reached On December MacDonald the city after a nerve-wracking passage through shallow, 21, 1944, confusing channels on a pitch-dark night. The destroyers at the Senio River, an exploding guarded against possible enemy attack and helped destroy shell resulted in the amputation of the railway lines, docks and supplies left behind, so they his left arm and leg. MacDonald could not be used by the enemy. Their job done, the ships married after the war and returned to returned safely to the ocean. Bothwell, Prince Edward Island, to farm, raise seven children and later Today, Canadian sailors continue to serve far from home. enter provincial and federal politics. Canadian ships have been regularly patrolling the waters off southwest Asia in support of the war on terror. Canadian destroyer HMCS Cayuga. Canadians Defend Nicosia Airport Quick thinking is often the best defence. In 1974, Turkish soldiers invaded the small Mediterranean island of Cyprus, a key target being the airport in the capital city of Nicosia. With only a few heavy weapons, Canadian peacekeepers cleverly patrolled the airport under cover of darkness, creating the impression of a well-guarded location. The tactic worked. The Turks withdrew and the Canadians retained control of the airport. To learn more, search the Veterans Affairs Canada Web site under “Cyprus.” Painting of William Barker, VC, “ The Man Who Wouldn’t Die,” by Merv Corning, from the Esterline Leach International Heritage of Youth and Remembrance the Air Collection. Used with permission. Many Canadians who fought in Italy I think about what I were not much older than today’s high plan on doing in two Flying school students. Lizann Garbutt, a 17- years and I know that year-old from Manitoba, took part in a I am able to have the Photo: VAC Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC) Youth freedom and choices that Aces Learning Journey to Italy in 2004. She I have today because researched a soldier from Manitoba, these young boys, these killed in Italy in 1944 at the age of 24. young men, fought A “Flying Ace” is a military aviator for my freedom and credited with bringing down at least “After doing my presentation on Lance the freedom that all five enemy aircraft in combat. There Corporal Argue in the Cassino War Canadians enjoy today.” were more than 180 Canadian aces Cemetery, I felt a greater appreciation for during the First World War. Three what all of the soldiers did ... you see all the Canadians are still of them ranked among the top 10 headstones jutting up out of the ground and serving far from aces of the war: Billy Bishop (72 all the names of the young soldiers, many of home in places like victories), Raymond Collishaw (61 them only nineteen years and younger. Afghanistan, Haiti Canadian youth with Veteran Douglas Langtree in Italy, 2004. victories) and Donald MacLaren (54 and the Sudan. victories). William Barker narrowly missed being in the top 10, with 50 Want to learn more about what you read in this paper or need help researching an assignment about victories. He is one of Canada’s most Canada’s military history? Visit the “Canada Remembers” section of our Web site at www.vac-acc.gc.ca and do a decorated servicemen. He received search by entering a keyword. the Victoria Cross, the Distinguished Service Order and the Military Cross, among other honours. 2 NEWS Canadians Come Ashore on D-Day In the early years of the Second World and protecting the landing force from War, Germany occupied most of Western enemy counter-attack. Photo: Library and Archives Canada Europe. They built a string of formidable defensive positions along the Atlantic Nursing Sister Georgina Seeley of New coast, transforming the continent into Brunswick was working at a military “Fortress Europe.” hospital in England on D-Day. The day started quietly... but that would soon The Allies planned “Operation Overlord” change. to liberate Western Europe—history’s largest combined (sea, land and air) “And can you believe that one minute we invasion. On “D-Day,” June 6, 1944, had not one patient. Twelve hundred empty British, American and Canadian forces beds with hot water bottles in them. came ashore in Normandy, France. ...I looked out the window, you could not see Canadian paratroopers landed behind the end of the ambulances. [Soon] every bed enemy lines in the pre-dawn hours, was filled. Twelve hundred beds.” while approximately 15,000 Canadians began landing at “Juno Beach” later The landings would be followed by that morning. They pushed the farthest almost a year of fierce fighting, taking inland of any of the Allied forces that the Canadian Army through France, day. Thousands of Canadian sailors and Belgium and Holland, and liberating airmen also participated in the invasion millions by the time the war in Europe force, weakening the German defences officially ended on May 8, 1945. Canadian soldiers coming ashore at Juno Beach on D-Day. Flying for Freedom NATO Marks 60 Years After the Second World War, a new Photo: CFPU, PMR-75-361 threat to world peace emerged. The To win the Second World Soviet Union and its Communist allies War, the Allies needed to faced off against the United States, control the skies. Canada Canada and Western Europe for political was selected as a major and military dominance in the post-war site of Allied aircrew world. Known as the “Cold War,” this training in 1939. It had tense showdown lasted from the mid- the geographical space for 1940s to the early 1990s. a large training program, was out of range of enemy The Cold War dominated Canada’s bombing and close to military efforts for decades. The North Photo: Department of National Defence. AR2007-Z030-02 North American factories Canadian women contributed to the success of the BCATP as well, Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) producing planes and sometimes working as ground crew to keep the planes flying. was founded in 1949 as an alliance of needed equipment. democratic countries who agreed to come to each other’s defence if any one of The British Commonwealth Air Training The BCATP was one of Canada’s most them was attacked. 2009 marks the 60th Plan (BCATP) saw construction of more important and successful contributions anniversary of this organization. Canada than 100 airfields across Canada. More to the war effort. It was a huge financial was one of the original 12 members of than 130,000 pilots, navigators, wireless commitment for our young country. NATO, a number that has grown to 28 Canadian Forces members are in Afghanistan operators, bombers, air gunners and The new air bases created jobs and an member countries. as part of a NATO force. flight engineers were trained by 1945. economic boost in many towns. After the They came from the Commonwealth war, these airports would be key elements Canada’s primary NATO contributions support and personnel to a variety countries of Canada, Britain, Australia in the growth of civilian air service across in Europe during the Cold War included of ongoing NATO training and New Zealand.
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