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International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities ISSN 2277 – 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust www.IRJMSH.com www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions IRJMSH YEAR [2012] Volume 3 Issue 2 online ISSN 2277 – 9809 LOYALTY AND DISCONTENT IN THE MADRAS ARMY OF VELLORE MUTINY Jadhav Nagendra Krishna1, MS Prashanth2 and Abraham Kulluvattum1 1Department of History, Bundelkhand University, Jansi, U.P. 2V K Chanvan- Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Karve-416507, Kolhapur, Maharashtra Abstract The nearness of the banished group of the late Tipu Sultan may likewise have added to the current of threatening vibe. Tipu Sultan`s children were detained at the Vellore stronghold since 1799. One of Tipu Sultan`s little girls was to be hitched on July 9 1806. The plotters of the mutiny amassed at the fortress under the stratagem of going to the wedding. Two hours after 12 pm, on July 10, the sepoys (warriors) encompassed the fortification and killed the greater part of the British. The agitators seized control by sunrise and raised the banner of the Mysore Sultanate over the fortress. Tipu`s second child Fateh Hyder was proclaimed King. Notwithstanding, a British officer had gotten away and cautioned the battalion in Arcot. After nine hours, the British nineteenth Light Dragoons, driven by Colonel Gillespie and the Madras Cavalry entered the stronghold through entryways that had not been completely secured by the sepoys. The staying of the Vellore Mutiny was an inevitable end product. After the episode, the detained royals were exchanged to Calcutta. The disputable intruding with social and religious traditions of the sepoys was nullified. Whipping additionally was separated with. Following the mutiny, both Cradock and Lord William Bentinck (1774-1839), Governor of Bombay, were sacked. Introduction The Vellore Mutiny was the first large-scale mutiny by Indian soldiers against the British, setting the stage for the 1857 mutiny. Even though this mutiny was short lived and lasted only one day, it was violent and bloody and mutineers stormed into the Vellore Fort and killed and wounded as many as 200 British soldiers. This sudden outbreak was suppressed by the British and around 100 mutineers were executed and a smaller number were court-martialed. 1.2 objectives • To know the area of the background of vellore mutiny • To study the causes of vellore mutiny • To know the effects of vellore mutiny 1.3 Scope The paper covers vellore mutiny in freedom struggle International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity http:www.irjmsh.com Page 468 IRJMSH YEAR [2012] Volume 3 Issue 2 online ISSN 2277 – 9809 1.4 Method The historical method is adopted and matter is described 1.5 Development of thought Like the 1857 mutiny, the foundation of this mutiny was a religious one too. The sepoy dress code was changed in 1805 under which Hindu soldiers were not allowed to wear any kind of religious marks on their foreheads and it was made mandatory for Muslims to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. Further, General Sir John Craddock, Commander-in- Chief of the Madras Army made it compulsory for all solders to wear a round hat, which was largely associated with Europeans and Christians in place of the turban they had been wearing. Both Hindus and Musilms were enraged by this, because it went against the warning by the Military Board which said that all uniform changes should be given due consideration as they were delicate matters. Rumors had also begun to float that this was the beginning of a process of converting them to Christianity, further infuriating the soldiers. The British, on the other hand, made these changes thinking that they would improve the soldiers’ looks. In May 1806, a few soldiers who protested against this change in uniform were sent to Fort St. George where they were both given 90 lashes each and removed from the army. Nineteen other sepoys who protested were given 50 lashes each and were asked to apologize to the East India Company. This rebellion was further instigated by the sons of the deceased Tipu Sultan, who nursed many grudges against the British and helped the sepoys in their uprising. The garrison of the Vellore Fort composed of four companies of the British Infantry and three battalions of the Madras Infantry. In the early hours of the morning, the sepoys began their attack and started by killing Colonel Fancourt who was commanding the garrison. Next to be killed was Colonel Me Kerras of the 23rd regiment, following which Major Armstrong was gunned down by the soldiers. Major Cootes who was outside the fort hurried to Ranipet and informed Colonel Gillespie who reached the fort immediately. In the meantime, the rebels had announced Tipu Sultan’s son Futteh Hyder as their new ruler and had hoisted a tiger flag atop the fort. This uprising was brought to an end by Colonel Gillespie. 800 Indian soldiers had died in this mutiny and 600 soldiers were imprisoned in Vellore and Tiruchi. Some rebels were shot dead by the British and some were hanged and eventually the mutiny was brought to an end. Tipu sultan’s son was sent to Kolkata (then Calcutta) and the Commander-in-Chief and the Governor were recalled. Also, religious interference with the soldiers was done away with and so was flogging of soldiers in the Indian regiment. There is quite a bit of similarity in the Vellore Mutiny of 1806 and the Rebellion of 1857, though the latter was on a much larger scale and is often described as the first war of Indian Independence. In 1857, the sepoys tried to quell British rule by announcing Bahadur Shah Zafar as the Emperor of International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity http:www.irjmsh.com Page 469 IRJMSH YEAR [2012] Volume 3 Issue 2 online ISSN 2277 – 9809 India, just like the mutinees tried to give power to Tipu Sultan’s son in 1806. Apart from that, anger against disrespect of religious sentiments of the soldiers was another major cause of unrest. Conclusion Vellore Mutiny was a wicked undertaking, with both the British and local banished rulers battling for justice.The Vellore Mutiny was the principal delineation of a mutiny by local sepoys (officers) against the British East India Company. It precedes even the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 significantly a century. The revolt, which was pursued in the South Indian town of Vellore, was fairly short, enduring just a single entire day. Be that as it may, the degree of mercilessness it had utilized is superb in warring strategies of those circumstances. Rebels broke into the Vellore Fort and slaughtered and harmed 200 British troops, before they were quieted by fortifications from close-by Arcot. References • Philip Mason, page 239, "A Matter of Honour - an Account of the Indian Army • Fancourt, Amelia Farrer, Lady (1842-06-14). "An Account Of the Mutiny at Vellore, by the Lady of Sir John Fancourt, the Commandant, who was killed there July 9th, 1806" • Subramanian, Archana (9 July 2015). "Mutinous firsts". The Hindu • Government of India, Draft National Policy on Education 1979. (Publication • No. 1222), New Delhi:, p.l. • Kanetkar Vasant, Shivshahicha Shodh, ibid, P. 207. • Pathak A.S. (Edit), 1999, Maharashtra Shashan Rajya Gazeteer, Satara district, • Maharashtra Shahshan, Mumbai, P. 145 – 146. • Kolarkar S.G., (Trans), India under Aurangzeb,ibid, P. 382. • Herwadkar R.V., Thorle Rajaram Maharajacha Charitra Adhay,ibid,P. 76. • N.C. Kelkar, 1870,Smarak Vyakhyankala, Maharashtrachya Jivanavar • Stityantare va Tyancha Shatya va sanskrutivarcha Parinam, Prof • Bhavanishankar Pandit Prakashan, Pune, Vishvavidyalaya, Pune, P. 128. • Phatak N.R.(Trans.), 1964, Marathyancha Satyecha Uday, Maharashtra Sahitya • Va sanskruti Mandal, Mumbai, P. 94. I.P. Naik, Equality, Quality and Quantity, Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1975, p.l. Ghatole R.N., 2003, Samajshashtriya Sanshodhan, Tatve Va Padhati, Shri • Mangesh Prakashan, Nagpur, P. 16. • Ibid, P. 14. • B.N.Mulimani Mughals in India :Ed.M.Nagaraj “Social change” BRICS, Jayanagar Dharwad 2014 International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity http:www.irjmsh.com Page 470 .. Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust www.SPHERT.org भारतीय भाषा, शिऺा, साहह配य एवं िोध ISSN 2321 – 9726 WWW.BHARTIYASHODH.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ISSN – 2250 – 1959 (0) 2348 – 9367 (P) WWW.IRJMST.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND SCIENCE ISSN 2319 – 9202 WWW.CASIRJ.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SOCIOLOGY & HUMANITIES ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0) 2348 - 9359 (P) WWW.IRJMSH.COM INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN 2454-3195 (online) WWW.RJSET.COM INTEGRATED RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, SCIENCE AND INNOVATION ISSN 2582-5445 WWW.IRJMSI.COM .
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