Global Health: Science and Practice
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Dedicated to what works in global health programs GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE Volume 1 Number 2 2013 www.ghspjournal.org EDITOR-IN-CHIEF James D. Shelton, MD, MPH Science Advisor Office of Population and Reproductive Health Bureau for Global Health U.S. Agency for International Development 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 ASSOCIATE EDITORS Sarah Harbison, PhD, MA Victor Barbiero, PhD, MHS Bruce Cogill, Bruce Cogill, PhD, MS Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor for Nutrition Senior Advisor for Research and Evaluation Adjunct Professor Programme Leader Office of Population and Reproductive Health Department of Global Health Nutrition and Marketing of Diversity Bureau for Global Health School of Public Health and Health Sciences Bioversity International U.S. Agency for International Development George Washington University Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW 2175 K Street, NW, 5th Floor 00057 Maccarese (Fiumicino) Washington, DC 20523 USA Washington, DC 20037 USA Rome, Italy EDITORIAL BOARD Al Bartlett, Save the Children, USA Vinand Nantulya, Uganda AIDS Commission, Uganda Zulfiqar Bhutta, Aga Khan University, Pakistan Phillip Nieburg, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Kathryn Church, London School of Hygiene and Tropical USA Medicine, United Kingdom Emmanuel (Dipo) Otolorin, Jhpiego, Nigeria France Donnay, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USA James Phillips, Columbia University, USA Scott Dowell, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA Yogesh Rajkotia, Institute for Collaborative Development, USA Marelize Görgens, World Bank, USA Suneeta Singh, Amaltas, India Stephen Hodgins, Save the Children, USA John Stanback, FHI 360, USA Lennie Kamwendo, White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood, Lesley Stone, USAID, USA Malawi Douglas Storey, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Jemilah Mahmood, Malaysian Medical Relief Society, Malaysia Health Center for Communication Programs, USA MANAGING EDITORS Natalie Culbertson Ruwaida Salem, MPH Managing Editor Associate Managing Editor Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs, USA Center for Communication Programs, USA Global Health: Science and Practice (ISSN: 2169-575X) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published online at www.ghspjournal.org. It is published quarterly (March, June, September, December) by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21204. Global Health: Science and Practice is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. For further information, please contact the editors at [email protected]. Table of Contents August 2013 | Volume 1 | Issue 2 Editorials 6 domains of behavior change: the missing health system building block Behavior is crucial throughout global health interventions. The discipline of behavior change offers distinct expertise needed across 6 different domains of behavior. Such expertise is in short supply, however. We will not have effective and sustainable health systems, nor achieve our ambitious global health goals, without seriously addressing behavior change. James D Shelton Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):137-140 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00083 Making the most of food aid to help prevent child and maternal deaths Advances in child nutrition over the last several decades are creating momentum for a programmatic push to reduce undernutrition worldwide. The contribution of food aid may be small, but, nonetheless, U.S. food aid policy should be revamped to benefit more effectively and more efficiently the children and mothers in need. Bruce Cogill Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):141-144 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00084 Focusing on implementation: the power of many small, well-executed advances Success often comes through many small, incremental, well-executed improvements. Global Health: Science and Practice Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):145 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00100 Viewpoint Achieving better maternal and newborn outcomes: coherent strategy and pragmatic, tailored implementation Maternal and newborn health program effort needs to: shift from mere contact to the actual content or substance of care; respond better to local context; ensure delivery of all key interventions needed during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postnatally; and actively monitor performance to manage and improve programs. Stephen Hodgins Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):146-153 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00030 Global Health: Science and Practice 2013 | Volume 1 | Number 2 1 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org Commentaries Multiplicity in public health supply systems: a learning agenda Supply chain integration—merging products for health programs into a single supply chain—tends to be the dominant model in health sector reform. However, multiplicity in a supply system may be justified as a risk management strategy that can better ensure product availability, advance specific health program objectives, and increase efficiency. Alan Bornbusch, James Bates Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):154-159 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00042 Technical Concepts mHealth innovations as health system strengthening tools: 12 common applications and a visual framework This new framework lays out 12 common mHealth applications used as health systems strengthening innovations across the reproductive health continuum. Alain B Labrique, Lavanya Vasudevan, Erica Kochi, Robert Fabricant, Garrett Mehl Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):160-171 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00031 Original Articles High and equitable mass vitamin A supplementation coverage in Sierra Leone: a post-event coverage survey In Sierra Leone, an intensive mass vitamin A supplementation (VAS) campaign to reduce under-5 mortality reached over 90% of children ages 6–59 months, eliminating coverage disparities among districts and between age groups. Delivering VAS with other essential maternal and child health interventions was key to the success. Mary H Hodges, Fatmata F Sesay, Habib I Kamara, Mohamed Turay, Aminata S Koroma, Jessica L Blankenship, Heather I Katcher Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):172-179 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00005 Client-centered counseling improves client satisfaction with family planning visits: evidence from Irbid, Jordan In Irbid, Jordan, a combination of community outreach, using home visits, plays, women’s groups, and religious leaders, and improved client-provider counseling based on the ‘Consult and Choose’ approach increased family planning demand and client satisfaction. Service statistic trends suggest increased contraceptive use. Sarah Kamhawi, Carol Underwood, Huda Murad, Bushra Jabre Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):180-192 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00051 Global Health: Science and Practice 2013 | Volume 1 | Number 2 2 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org Food commodity pipeline management in transitional settings: challenges and lessons learned from the first USAID food development program in South Sudan Efficient and reliable commodity transport is critical to effective food assistance in development settings as well as in emergency situations. Increasing the flexibility of U.S. government Title II food assistance program procurement regulations and more comprehensive contingency planning could improve the effectiveness of these programs in non- emergency settings with high food insecurity and political volatility. Hannah Tappis, Shannon Doocy, Stephen Amoako Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):193-202 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00018 Use of modern contraception increases when more methods become available: analysis of evidence from 1982–2009 International data over 27 years show that as each additional contraceptive method became available to most of the population, overall modern contraceptive use rose. But in 2009 only 3.5 methods, on average, were available to at least half the population in surveyed countries. Family planning programs should strive to provide widespread access to a range of methods. John Ross, John Stover Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):203-212 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00010 Improving performance of Zambia Defence Force antiretroviral therapy providers: evaluation of a standards-based approach A detailed standards-based performance approach modestly improved providers’ performance and facility readiness to offer antiretroviral therapy. The approach included mutually reinforcing activities: (1) training, (2) supportive supervision, (3) assessments of service quality, and (4) facility-based action plans. Young Mi Kim, Joseph Banda, Webby Kanjipite, Supriya Sarkar, Eva Bazant, Cyndi Hiner, Maya Tholandi, Stephanie Reinhardt, Panganani Dalisani Njobvu, Adrienne Kols, Bruno Benavides Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1(2):213-227 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00053 Islam and family planning: changing perceptions of health care providers and medical faculty in Pakistan Training health care providers and medical college faculty about the supportive nature of Islam toward family planning principles addressed their misconceptions and enhanced