1 Exploration of the Healing Ministry in the Presbyterian
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EXPLORATION OF THE HEALING MINISTRY IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CAMEROON (PCC) By NCHANGFU FLORENCE TACHECHE Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY In the subject PRACTICAL THEOLOGY At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF MJ MANALA DECEMBER 2017 1 EXPLORATION OF THE HEALING MINISTRY IN THE PREBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CAMEROON (PCC) TACHECHE NCHANGFU FLORENCE (REV). I declare that EXPLORATION OF THE HEALING MINISTRY IN THE PREBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CAMEROON (PCC) is my own work rooted in my area of passion and that all the sources that I have consulted or quoted have been duly acknowledged by means of complete references. ………………………................................................. Rev. Tacheche Nchangfu Florence DATE 07/12/2017 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author of this work and family will like to thank all who have contributed to the success of this project and especially the volunteers and the participants of the Musang congregation and the clergy who provided the researcher with first-hand information about their feelings, attitudes, experiences and opinions needed for this research. Without your support, it would have been impossible to complete this project. I wish to appreciate and thank my former promoter, Prof. JPJ Theron whom the cold hands of death took away from this world before the completion of this project. My late hero, you will forever remain in my heart. I thank you for providing me with the necessary literature and guidance. Above all, I am indebted to you for your constructive criticisms and suggestions, your immense experience and mastery in the field of Practical Theology, your patience and for being such a wonderful counsellor and encourager. I wish also to immensely thank my Supervisor, Prof MJ Manala, who immediately stepped in to bridge the gap created through the cold hands of death. I am indebted to you for your constructive criticisms and suggestions, your immense experience and mastery in the field of Practical Theology. Thanks for the willingness to see me through this academic project at a time I almost gave up hope. Your knowledge and experience in the field is commendable. I wish to thank the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon (PCC) and especially the Christians, Session members of the Presbyterian Church Musang, Dschang and Batibo Central for their encouragement and support towards the success of this project. Special thanks go to Elder Agbor Lawrence who edited the finished project. Special thanks to my husband-Oyeyemi Jimmy Abiodun, my children: Emma, Joel, Martin and Praises and family members Lum Lillian and Ma Pauline Azinwi for their unwavering support, patience and encouragement. Finally, special thanks to the Almighty God who saw me through the project and especially during dangerous and difficult moments especially between November 2014 to June 2015 when one of my sons had his third operation before the age of five and when I lost my beloved mother-Ma Tache Bingwa Helen. May her soul and that of Prof. JPJ Theron continue to rest in perfect peace with the Lord and to God be the glory for enabling me to accomplish this project. 3 ABSTRACT The renewal of interest in religious healing methods in the past few decades, in response to various perspectives of illnesses, is ‘blowing’ through the PCC-one of the reformed churches in Africa. There are two underlying assumptions in this project: the first is that sickness constitutes a major threat to good health and the second is that the ministry of healing in the PCC is not contextual in view of respecting and incorporating the cultural, social, religious beliefs and values of its people in the formation of meaningful healing ministry. The healing ministry of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon is lacking in efficacy and essence because it does not make much meaning in the lives of the sick and their relatives. This project gives an overview of some of the causes of tensions that exist in the PCC concerning its ministry of healing. It critically analysis, interprets and discusses the empirical results of 26 (20 laity and six clergy) members of the Musang congregation alongside some theological reflections. The project explored and highlighted the importance of the traditional worldview regarding health, illness, healing and defines healing as the work of God and that it is imperative for the Church to focus on a more meaningful healing ministry that includes physical, spiritual, social and psychological aspects, thus healing needs to be holistic. Putting together the results of the literature review, the empirical research and the critical and theological reflections, the project suggests and affirms that there are theological, practical and socio-cultural reasons for the PCC to rethink, reformulate and reshape its healing ministry in the light of Jesus’ healing ministry. The project points out the theological, practical and cultural basis for a more meaningful ministry of healing within the PCC. These results reveal that the PCC has no choice but to embrace this emerging biblical healing ministry if it truly wants to remain faithful and in obedience to Jesus’ three but inseparable ministries of preaching, teaching and healing. Finally, the project proposes an integrated healing service as one of the ways towards a more practical and meaningful ministry of healing in the PCC at home and in the diaspora. Some objective comments and recommendations are also made. 4 SOME KEY WORDS OR PHRASES Presbyterian Church in Cameroon (PCC), reformed, reformation, reformed tradition, healing, the church’s ministry of healing, the healing ministry, healing service, theological reflections, experience, health and sickness, African worldview, causes of illnesses, threats to life, good health, Western worldview, prayers, laying on of hands, exorcism and anointing with oil, contextual, practical, Kingdom of God here and now, Satan and its principalities, spiritual or supernatural world, pastoral care, compassion, in obedience, the sacraments, sensationalism, inseparable and practical actions. 5 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 3 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 4 SOME KEY WORDS OR PHRASES ....................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 10 AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT ............................................................... 10 1.1 The context of this research project ............................................................................... 10 1.2 General comments ......................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Literature review ................................................................................................................ 15 1. 3.1 Literature review of sources from out of the PCC ................................................. 15 1.3.2 Literature generated from within the circles of the PCC ................................... 21 1.4 The research problem ..................................................................................................... 26 1.4.1 Describing the contexts and issues more specifically ............................................. 26 1.4.2 The fundamental presupposition of this thesis............................................................ 28 1.4.3 The assumption of Christian faith ....................................................................... 31 1.5 Additional motivations................................................................................................... 33 1.5.1 Personal observations.................................................................................................. 33 1.5.2 Developments within the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon (PCC) ...................... 34 1.5.3 Personal motivations ............................................................................................... 37 1.6 Explanation of some words, terms or phrases ............................................................... 48 1.6.1 The healing ministry ............................................................................................... 48 1.6.2 Healing service........................................................................................................ 49 1.6.3 Health ...................................................................................................................... 49 1.6.4 Sickness and illness................................................................................................. 49 1.6.5 Healing .................................................................................................................... 50 1.6. 6 Worldview.............................................................................................................. 50 1.6.7 Anointing and exorcism ........................................................................................ 50 1.6.8 Experience and reality............................................................................................. 51 1.7 Reflections on the research project ................................................................................ 52 1.8 The Research methodology...........................................................................................