Special Edition, Celebrating Ontario's Places Of
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A publication of the Ontario Heritage Trust September 2009 HeritageMattersHeritageMattersSpecial Edition Celebrating Ontario’s places of worship www.heritagetrust.on.ca/placesofworship Contents 7/31/09 11:22:33 AM Launching the Places of Worship Inventory .................................................................... 1 Ontario’s rich religious heritage ..................................................................................... 2 Christ Church and the Queen Anne Silver ...................................................................... 6 A message from The Honourable Churches of “New Ontario” .......................................................................................... 7 Religious freedom in the promised land .......................................................................... 8 Toronto’s synagogues: Keeping collective memories alive ............................................. 10 Lincoln M. Alexander, Chairman A legacy of support: Faith-based community outreach in Ontario .................................. 12 Places of worship in Ontario’s rural cultural landscapes ................................................. 14 Enduring stewardship preserves a treasured heritage church ........................................ 15 Statistics on Ontario’s population show a broad diversity of faith groups, perhaps the widest The changing face of worship ...................................................................................... 16 range in Canada, representing faiths from across the globe. Almost as diverse are Ontario’s Form and function: The impact of liturgy, symbolism and use on design ....................... 18 religious buildings – from intimate wood frame structures to massive cathedrals and mosques of stone, brick and marble – which vary with each region and culture. These places of worship are Art in the church and the church in art: Work of the Group of Seven ........................... 20 significant local expressions of, and testaments to, faith. The music of worship ................................................................................................... 21 Ontario’s places of worship form a substantial part of this province’s cultural heritage. They Gothic traditions in Ontario churches ........................................................................... 22 tell us about the history of settlement, the role that faith plays in our culture and about our Ontario’s postwar places of worship: Modernist designs evoke traditional styles ........... 24 changing religious demographics. They also play a key role in Ontario’s communities. In addition to their religious role, they The challenges of ownership ........................................................................................ 26 act as community and cultural hubs, accommodate local social services and bring people The challenge of change in the Catholic Diocese of Pembroke ..................................... 28 together, offering assistance when times get difficult. s Photo courtesy of Gilbert & Associates, Toronto Associates, Photo courtesy of Gilbert & ’ Historic places of worship, however, are increasingly at risk. Older buildings have fallen into Adventures in light and colour ..................................................................................... 29 www.heritagetrust.on.ca/placesofworship Sacred landscapes in Ontario’s communities ................................................................. 30 disrepair due to deferred maintenance. In addition, many Christian congregations are decreasing in numbers while other faith groups are growing rapidly. In the face of these challenges, a growing number of faith communities are selling their properties, From Hamilton, a municipal perspective ....................................................................... 31 consolidating and sharing facilities or modifying their buildings to meet changing needs. Adapting today’s places of worship .............................................................................. 32 This problem is not unique to Ontario. Provinces nation wide are reporting similar challenges in conserving historic Publications and web resources .................................................................................... 36 religious architecture. Decision makers in faith communities have identified challenges in maintaining their buildings and in OF finding appropriate adaptive reuse options. The Trust continues to work with other provinces, organizations and individuals to share information and to assist one another in developing meaningful tools and resources. The Ontario Heritage Trust wants to assist communities and faith groups in being proactive in protecting the significant heritage elements of their places of worship. Since 2006, with financial assistance from the Ontario Ministry of Culture, the orship Trust has been closely studying emerging trends in religion and the preservation and adaptation of the province’s religious HeritageMattersHeritageMatters Ontario heritage, and developing an extensive inventory of Ontario’s places of worship. The inventory is a public resource that will This special edition of Heritage Matters is published in English and French and has a combined circulation assist academics, community planners, faith groups and governments to identify, evaluate, preserve, use and reuse the of 22,000. Digital copies of Heritage Matters are now available on our website at www.heritagetrust.on.ca. religious buildings in their communities. W For information, contact: Ontario Heritage Trust I invite you to celebrate these significant structures with us. Visiting and using Ontario’s places of worship will keep them alive 10 Adelaide Street East, Suite 302 Places Toronto, Ontario bookmark2.indd 1 and viable to ensure they will continue to play an important and active role in communities across Ontario. M5C 1J3 Telephone: 416-325-5015 Fax: 416-314-0744 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.heritagetrust.on.ca © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2009 © Ontario Heritage Trust, 2009 Photos © Ontario Heritage Trust, 2009, unless otherwise indicated. Produced by the Ontario Heritage Trust (an agency of the Ontario Ministry of Culture). Editor: Gordon Pim Graphic Designer: Manuel Oliveira This publication is printed on recycled paper using vegetable oil-based inks. Help us protect our environment by passing along or recycling this publication when you have no further need for it. The Ontario government is proud to support the Ontario Heritage Trust’s work in obtaining Aussi disponible en français. and developing a public inventory of Ontario’s places of worship. The Trust’s new inventory will serve as an important tool in understanding the scope of Ontario’s religious heritage, while The inclusion of any advertisement or insert in this publication does not imply or constitute an endorsement or acceptance by the Province of Ontario of any of the advertisers, products or services advertised. The providing an opportunity for visitors to explore and identify significant elements of these Ontario Heritage Trust is not responsible for errors, omissions or misrepresentations contained in any important places. advertisement or insert. Publication Agreement Number 1738690 Aileen Carroll, Ontario Minister of Culture E&OE ISSN 1198-2454 (Print) 09/09 ISSN 1911-446X (PDF/Online) 1 2 Launching the Places of Worship Inventory By Richard Moorhouse Trust Researcher Erin Semande (left) and planner Laura Hatcher conducting fieldwork for Ontario’s Places of Worship Inventory Survey, documentation and research – these are the first steps in the conservation process. How can decisions be made about our heritage without first acquiring a comprehensive understanding of its breadth, history and condition? For several years, the Ontario Heritage Trust has been assembling critical information on the province’s religious architecture – specifically its houses of worship. This special edition of Heritage Matters highlights some of the key issues arising from, and addressed by, Ontario’s Places of Worship Inventory. The Trust has assembled documentation on thousands of churches, synagogues, mosques, temples and meeting houses, as well as historic persons, events and themes spanning more than 85 religious traditions and over 400 years of Ontario’s history. The inventory is as inclusive as possible, but for pragmatic reasons we have limited the study to purpose-built houses of worship more than 25 years old. Some of these sites have already been identified by federal, provincial and municipal governments; others have been recognized by architectural historians, local plaques and markers, walking tours and Doors Open Ontario events. The vast majority of these identified places of worship, however, are unknown and unappreciated outside their immediate communities. They include vernacular masterpieces, postwar gems of modern architecture and new architectural forms and expressions associated with the diverse range of faiths that reflect and contribute to Ontario’s remarkable multicultural society. The information in the inventory has been collected from a variety of public sources, including: municipal, provincial and federal heritage inventories; local histories and architectural publications; Doors Open Ontario participation; local walking tours and commemorative programs. These and other secondary sources have been augmented by fieldwork and photography. Fieldwork, undertaken in every region of the province, includes