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HISTORY First Edition - 2007
©Government of Tamil Nadu HISTORY First Edition - 2007 Chairperson Higher Secondary - Second Year Dr. N. Rajendran Professor of History, Bharathidasan University, Trichy - 24. Prepared as per recommendation of the Textbook Development Committee, this New Textbook is prepared according to the Syllabus published in 2003-04. Reviewer Dr. K.Bharathi, A Publication under Government of Reader in History Tamilnadu Distribution of Pachaiyappa’s College, Free Textbook Programme Chennai - 30. (Not for Sale) Authors Dr. Shanthi Jubilee Tmt S.K. Rajeswari Untouchability is a sin P.G. Asst. Headmistress (History) P.G. Asst. (History) Untouchability is a crime C.S.I. Northwick (G) Hr. Sec.School Govt. Hr. Sec.School Royapuram, West Mambalam, Untouchability is inhuman Chennai - 13. Ashok Nagar, (Pudur) Chennai - 83. Price : Rs. This book has been prepared by the Directorate of School Education on behalf of the Government of Tamil Nadu. TAMILNADU TEXT BOOK CORPORATION This book has been printed on 60 GSM Paper College Road, Chennai - 600 006. FOREWORD PREFACE Academics, parents and the educational media have represented The XII History book is the ollective effort of the committee to the Government of Tamil Nadu, to reform the Plus one and Plus two constituted for this purpose. The committee while writing this text book text books, which were introduced in the academic year 2005-06. Our beloved Chief Minister, who has always been evincing keen interest in has kept in mind the requirements of the students based on the guidelines educational development, immediately constituted a “Text Book given in the syllabus. Since the plus Two History book deals with Modern Development Committee” under the Chairmanship of the Vice-Chairman, India. -
CONTEMPORARY INDIA and EDUCATION.Pdf
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620 024 CENTRE FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEMPORARY INDIA AND EDUCATION B.Ed. I YEAR (Copyright reserved) For Private Circulation only Chairman Dr.V.M.Muthukumar Vice-Chancellor Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Vice-Chairman Dr.C.Thiruchelvam Registrar Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Course Director Dr. R. Babu Rajendran Director i/c Centre for Distance Education Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Course Material Co-ordinator Dr.K.Anandan Professor & Head, Dept .of Education Centre for Distance Education Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Author Dr.R.Portia Asst.Professor Alagappa University College of Education Karaikudi,Sivaganga(Dt.) The Syllabus adopted from 2015-16 onwards Core - II: CONTEMPORARY INDIA AND EDUCATION Internal Assessment: 25 Total Marks: 100 External Assessment: 75 Examination Duration: 3 hrs. Objectives: After the completion of this course the student teacher will be able 1. To understand the concept and aims of Education. 2. To develop understanding about the social realities of Indian society and its impact on education 3. To learn the concepts of social Change and social transformation in relation to education 4. To understand the educational contributions of the Indian cum western thinkers 5. To know the different values enshrined in the constitution of India and its impact on education 6. To identify the contemporary issues in education and its educational implications 7. To understand the historical developments in policy framework related to education Course Content: UNIT-I Concept and Aims Education Meaning and definitions of Education-Formal, non-formal and informal education Various levels of Education-Objectives-pre-primary, primary, secondary and higher secondary education and various statuary boards of education -Aims of Education in Contemporary Indian society Determinants of Aims of Education. -
Modern History – 10 Years' Papers Analysis
VISION IAS www.visionias.in MODERN HISTORY – 10 YEARS’ PAPERS ANALYSIS Topic No. of Questions Acts 10 Advent of Europeans 3 Congress Sessions/Presidents 5 Capitalist Movement 1 Communalism 1 Economic Critique of Colonialism 4 Gandhian Movements 15 Governor General 2 Land Tenure System during British Rule 5 Left Movement 1 Partition of Bengal & Swadeshi Movement 7 Pre-Congress Associations 2 Princely States 1 Personality Based 5 Socio-Religious Movement 4 Transfer of Power 6 Working Class Movement 3 Revolutionary Movements 1 Tribal Revolts, Civil Rebellions and Peasant Movement 2 Twenty-Eight Months of Congress Rule 2 Miscellaneous 9 Total 89 1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS S. N. Year TOPIC SUB-TOPIC QUESTION ANSWER 1 2017 Acts GOI Act, 1919 In the context of Indian history, the principle of ‘Dyarchy (diarchy)’ refers to D (a) Division of the central legislature into two houses. (b) Introductions of double government i.e., Central and Statement governments. (c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi. (d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories. 2 2017 Miscellaneous With reference to Indian freedom struggle, consider the following events: C 1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy 2. Quit Indian Movement launched 3. Second Round Table Conference What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events? (a) 1-2-3 (b) 2-1-3 (c) 3-2-1 (d) 3-1-2 3 2017 Princely States The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to D (a) Define the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments. -
Self Respect Movement Under Periyar
AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808 SELF RESPECT MOVEMENT UNDER PERIYAR M. Nala Assistant Professor of History Sri Sarada College for Women (Autonomous), Salem- 16 Self Respect Movement represented the Dravidian reaction against the Aryan domination in the Southern Society. It also armed at liberating the society from the evils of religious, customs and caste system. They tried to give equal status to the downtrodden and give the social dignity, Self Respect Movement was directed by the Dravidian communities against the Brahmanas. The movement wanted a new cultural society more based on reason rather than tradition. It aimed at giving respect to the instead of to a Brahmin. By the 19th Century Tamil renaissance gained strength because of the new interest in the study of the classical culture. The European scholars like Caldwell Beschi and Pope took a leading part in promoting this trend. C.V. Meenakshi Sundaram and Swaminatha Iyer through their wirtings and discourse contributed to the ancient glory of the Tamil. The resourceful poem of Bharathidasan, a disciple of Subramania Bharati noted for their style, beauty and force. C.N. Annadurai popularized a prose style noted for its symphony. These scholars did much revolutionise the thinking of the people and liberate Tamil language from brahminical influence. Thus they tried resist alien influence especially Aryan Sanskrit and to create a new order. The chief grievance of the Dravidian communities was their failure to obtain a fair share in the administration. Among then only the caste Hindus received education in the schools and colleges, founded by the British and the Christian missionaries many became servants of the Government, of these many were Brahmins. -
Monsoon Assemblages
MONSOON ASSEMBLAGES ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN HYDROLOGY OF SOUTH CHENNAI Literature Review Author: Michele Vianello Date: February 2017 ProJect Document Number: OV_Vianello_2017A Monsoon Assemblages sis a proJect funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Grant Agreement No. 679873. This review looks at the literature regarding the hydrology and the built up environment of South Chennai as well as the different types of knowledge shaped around them. It examines academic papers, books and book chapters originating in a wide variety of disciplines (eg. architecture, social sciences, geography, hydrology) as well as non-academic texts (eg. newspaper articles, official administrative body websites, NGO reports) and maps (eg. from official agencies, academic papers). It particularly attempts to understand how the different monsoonal cycles have been playing a role in shaping the hydrology and the built up environment as well as the different types of knowledge used to interpret them and act upon them, or else how these cycles failed to be effectively captured in the knowledge production. Addressing these themes required to examine a very diverse literature, at times tackling very specific aspects of the issues at hand. A consistent attempt has been made to coherently extract those bits of information and build an overall picture of the area while laying out the context and identifying relevant issues for the Monsoon Assemblages research project. In spite of this, this review does not claim to be a complete investigation on the elements of the hydrology of South Chennai: the objective has been rather that of identifying which gaps, pertinent to the Monsoon Assemblages line of enquiry, will have to be filled as well as scoping the field for the overall research. -
Modern Indian Political Thought Ii Modern Indian Political Thought Modern Indian Political Thought Text and Context
Modern Indian Political Thought ii Modern Indian Political Thought Modern Indian Political Thought Text and Context Bidyut Chakrabarty Rajendra Kumar Pandey Copyright © Bidyut Chakrabarty and Rajendra Kumar Pandey, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 2009 by SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044, India www.sagepub.in SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom SAGE Publications Asia-Pacifi c Pte Ltd 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Published by Vivek Mehra for SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, typeset in 10/12 pt Palatino by Star Compugraphics Private Limited, Delhi and printed at Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chakrabarty, Bidyut, 1958– Modern Indian political thought: text and context/Bidyut Chakrabarty, Rajendra Kumar Pandey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Political science—India—Philosophy. 2. Nationalism—India. 3. Self- determination, National—India. 4. Great Britain—Colonies—India. 5. India— Colonisation. 6. India—Politics and government—1919–1947. 7. India— Politics and government—1947– 8. India—Politics and government— 21st century. I. Pandey, Rajendra Kumar. II. Title. JA84.I4C47 320.0954—dc22 2009 2009025084 ISBN: 978-81-321-0225-0 (PB) The SAGE Team: Reema Singhal, Vikas Jain, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma and Trinankur Banerjee To our parents who introduced us to the world of learning vi Modern Indian Political Thought Contents Preface xiii Introduction xv PART I: REVISITING THE TEXTS 1. -
Public Works Department Irrigation
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT IRRIGATION Demand No - 40 N.T.P. SUPPLIED BY THE DEPARTMENT PRINTED AT GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS, CHENNAI - 600 079. POLICY NOTE 2015 - 2016 O. PANNEERSELVAM MINISTER FOR FINANCE AND PUBLIC WORKS © Government of Tamil Nadu 2015 INDEX Sl. No. Subject Page 3.4. Dam Rehabilitation and 41 Sl. No. Subject Page Improvement Project 1.0. 1 (DRIP) 1.1.Introduction 1 4.0. Achievements on 45 Irrigation Infrastructure 1.2. 2 During Last Four Years 1.3. Surface Water Potential 4 4.1. Inter-Linking of Rivers in 54 1.4. Ground Water Potential 5 the State 1.5. Organisation 5 4.2. Artificial Recharge 63 Arrangement Structures 2.0. Historic Achievements 24 4.3. New Anicuts and 72 3.0. Memorable 27 Regulators Achievements 4.4. Formation of New Tanks 74 3.1. Schemes inaugurated by 27 / Ponds the Hon’ble Chief 4.5. Formation of New 76 Minister through video Canals / Supply conferencing on Channels 08.06.2015 4.6. Formation of New Check 81 3.2. Tamil Nadu Water 31 dams / Bed dams / Resources Consolidation Grade walls Project (TNWRCP) 4.7. Rehabilitation of Anicuts 104 3.3. Irrigated Agriculture 40 4.8. Rehabilitation of 113 Modernisation and Regulators Water-bodies Restoration and 4.9. Rehabilitation of canals 119 Management and supply channels (IAMWARM) Project Sl. No. Subject Page Sl. No. Subject Page 4.10. Renovation of Tanks 131 5.0. Road Map for Vision 200 4.11. Flood Protection Works 144 2023 4.12. Coastal Protection 153 5.1. Vision Document for 201 Works Tamil Nadu 2023 4.13. -
The Dravidian Languages
THE DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES BHADRIRAJU KRISHNAMURTI The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Bhadriraju Krishnamurti 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Times New Roman 9/13 pt System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0521 77111 0hardback CONTENTS List of illustrations page xi List of tables xii Preface xv Acknowledgements xviii Note on transliteration and symbols xx List of abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1.1 The name Dravidian 1 1.2 Dravidians: prehistory and culture 2 1.3 The Dravidian languages as a family 16 1.4 Names of languages, geographical distribution and demographic details 19 1.5 Typological features of the Dravidian languages 27 1.6 Dravidian studies, past and present 30 1.7 Dravidian and Indo-Aryan 35 1.8 Affinity between Dravidian and languages outside India 43 2 Phonology: descriptive 2.1 Introduction 48 2.2 Vowels 49 2.3 Consonants 52 2.4 Suprasegmental features 58 2.5 Sandhi or morphophonemics 60 Appendix. Phonemic inventories of individual languages 61 3 The writing systems of the major literary languages 3.1 Origins 78 3.2 Telugu–Kannada. -
Dyron Daughrity
Hinduisms, Christian Missions, and the Tinnevelly Shanars: th A Study of Colonial Missions in 19 Century India DYRON B. DAUGHRITY, PHD Written During 5th Year, PhD Religious Studies University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta Protestant Christian missionaries first arrived in south India in 1706 when two young Germans began their work at a Danish colony on India's southeastern coast known as Tranquebar. These early missionaries, Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg and Heinrich Pluetschau, brought with them a form of Lutheranism that emphasized personal piety and evangelistic fervour. They had little knowledge of what to expect from the peoples they were about to encounter. They were entering a foreign culture with scarcely sufficient preparation, but with the optimistic view that they would succeed in their task of bringing Christianity to the land of the “Hindoos.”1 The missionaries continued to come and by 1801, when the entire district of Tinnevelly (in south India) had been ceded to the British, there were pockets of Protestant Christianity all over the region. For the missionaries, the ultimate goal was conversion of the “heathen.” Vast resources were contributed by various missionary societies in Europe and America in order to establish churches, 1 In 2000, an important work by D. Dennis Hudson entitled Protestant Origins in India: Tamil Evangelical Christians, 1706-1835 (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2000) brought to light this complex and fascinating story of these early missionaries encountering for the first time an entirely new culture, language, and religion. This story sheds significant insight on the relationship between India and the West, particularly regarding religion and culture, and serves as a backdrop for the present research. -
“Othering” Oneself: European Civilian Casualties and Representations of Gendered, Religious, and Racial Ideology During the Indian Rebellion of 1857
“OTHERING” ONESELF: EUROPEAN CIVILIAN CASUALTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF GENDERED, RELIGIOUS, AND RACIAL IDEOLOGY DURING THE INDIAN REBELLION OF 1857 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences Florida Gulf Coast University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters of Arts in History By Stefanie A. Babb 2014 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in History ________________________________________ Stefanie A. Babb Approved: April 2014 _________________________________________ Eric A. Strahorn, Ph.D. Committee Chair / Advisor __________________________________________ Frances Davey, Ph.D __________________________________________ Habtamu Tegegne, Ph.D. The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Copyright © 2014 by Stefanie Babb All rights reserved One must claim the right and the duty of imagining the future, instead of accepting it. —Eduardo Galeano iv CONTENTS PREFACE v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE HISTORIOGRAPHY 12 CHAPTER TWO LET THE “OTHERING” BEGIN 35 Modes of Isolation 39 Colonial Thought 40 Racialization 45 Social Reforms 51 Political Policies 61 Conclusion 65 CHAPTER THREE LINES DRAWN 70 Outbreak at Meerut and the Siege on Delhi 70 The Cawnpore Massacres 78 Changeable Realities 93 Conclusion 100 CONCLUSION 102 APPENDIX A MAPS 108 APPENDIX B TIMELINE OF INDIAN REBELLION 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY 114 v Preface This thesis began as a seminar paper that was written in conjunction with the International Civilians in Warfare Conference hosted by Florida Gulf Coast University, February, 2012. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
The Indian Revolt of 1857 : Global Response
No. 263 December 2020 Major General (Dr.) RS Thakur, is presently commanding the Uttarakhand The Indian Revolt of Sub Area. He was commissioned into the Air Defence Regiment and has done 1857 : Global PhD in History from Jammu University. He is an alumni of the National Defence College and the College of Defence Response Management. During his tenure as Director ‘Space’ with Directorate General of Perspective Planning, he wrote articles on Space Applications. Introduction Key Points • The bulk of the writings on the Indian Revolt of 1857 by British authors were The second half of the nineteenth century guided by their own political and witnessed struggles in different parts of the globe imperial motivations, with an aim to project their racial superiority as well by the people of native colonies against their rulers as heroism of their citizens against the Indian rebels. to gain freedom. While the British Empire was at • The revolt saw the exceptional its peak and had the maximum footprint across leadership of four most prominent military leaders, namely Nana Sahib, various continents, others such as the French, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Begum Hazrat Mahal and Kunwar Singh —whose Spanish and Dutch empires were on the decline. combined efforts ensured that the The Indian Revolt of 1857 (also known as the fight continued for almost two years in spite of innumerable odds stacked Sepoy Mutiny) was one such landmark struggle, against them. • which not only shook the British Empire to its While the domestic aspect of the Indian Revolt of 1857 has been foundation, but also evoked huge response from adequately covered and written about in the Indian academic landscape, not the world over.