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& Illegal Wildlife Trade AIPOL MEMBERS USE ONLY. Pleasemembers do not hand of the this public out to Journal of the Australasian Institute of Policing Inc. Volume 12 Number 2 • 2020 COVID-19 & ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE Closing the law enforcement gap Part 1 of the COVID-19 series Grand H, Hurstville South Village, Kirrawee Delivering projects safely during COVID-19 Highline, Westmead TNT Residences, Redfern “As proud sponsors of Aipol Police Journal, Deicorp congratulates the NSW Police Commissioner Mick Fuller and all serving Police Officers working across the State to keep the community safe during the current COVID-19 pandemic.” Fouad Deiri, Managing Director, Deicorp Live your dream. Celebrating 20 years of developing Sydney DEICORPPROPERTIES.COM.AU Grand H, Hurstville Contents Editorial 3 Vol. 12, No. 2 June 2020 Foreword 4 South Village, Kirrawee Published by the Australasian Institute of Policing Inc. A0050444D ABN: 78 937 405 524 ISSN: 1837-7009 COVID-19 may have been prevented 7 Why wild animals are a key ingredient in China's coronavirus outbreak 8 The spread of pathogens through trade in wildlife 10 Zoonotic viruses associated with Delivering illegally imported wildlife products 24 Visit www.aipol.org to view previous editions Regulating wildlife conservation projects safely and to subscribe to receive future editions. and food safety to prevent human exposure to novel virus 33 Contributions during COVID-19 Articles on issues of professional interest are sought from Australasian police officers and police academics. Articles are to be electronically provided to the Editor, [email protected]. Articles are to conform Baby pangolins on my plate: Highline, Westmead to normal academic conventions. Where an article has previously been prepared during the course of employment, whether with a possible lessons to learn from the police service or otherwise, the contributor will be responsible for COVID-19 pandemic 37 TNT Residences, Redfern obtaining permission from that employer to submit the article for publication to Australasian Policing. “As proud sponsors of Aipol Police Journal, Deicorp Contributors are expected to adhere to the Journal’s publishing congratulates the NSW Police Commissioner Mick guidelines. These guidelines are available in this Journal. All papers are peer-reviewed. The legal proposals shaping Fuller and all serving Police Officers working the future of wildlife in China across the State to keep the community safe during 48 the current COVID-19 pandemic.” Disclaimer While every effort is made to check for accuracy, the Publishers or Editors cannot be held responsible for the content, errors or omissions inadvertently published in articles and advertisements in Australasian Fouad Deiri, Policing. Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily those Managing Director, Deicorp of AiPol, the Editors or the Publisher. No responsibility for loss occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from acting, as a result of material in this publication can be accepted. Live your dream. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic , mechanical, photocopying, recording, or be stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without written permission of the copyright holder and the Publisher, application for which in the first instance should be made Celebrating 20 years of developing Sydney to the Publisher for AiPol. DEICORPPROPERTIES.COM.AU A Journal of Professional Practice and Research | AiPol Page 1 Australian Authorised Distributor of Rocky and Haix. 0438 071 885 Please fi nd us on Facebook or visit: www.fi rstresponsefootwear.com.au A community minded business proudly supporting the police in our district Editorial DR AMANDA DAVIES Editor, Assistant Professor Policing and Security at the Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi As we grapple with the daily toll on humanity, the economy and managing our personal and work life, as a community we seek answers as to how this occurred in our 21st century, medically advanced society. Welcome to the June edition of AiPol. with wild animals traded in wet markets. Across the globe, communities and This edition is the first in a series planned Further, the rational arguments offered, nations are beginning small steps to to bring you key articles and information lay the foundation for understanding the establish a return to a post pandemic related to the COVID-19 global pandemic, potential dangers to humanity in terms of normal, in its many and varied forms. particularly the impact on current and disease and from a policing perspective, As this is progressed the reality of the future policing activities and initiatives. the dangers in tracking and disrupting the impact of policing the pandemic, the Whilst there is value in debating illegal trade of unique and highly priced redeployment of policing resources and whether the pandemic is a black swan ‘trophies’. As discussed in this issue, efforts will be realised. In the light of the event or as suggested by Bill Gates the challenges faced by law enforcement key focus of this edition of AiPol, there in 2015, predictable, the reality is officers across the globe in combating is the potential that there has been an here and globally communities have illegal animal trafficking requires increase in wins against illegal animal each to varying degrees been caught vigilance, resilience and interagency trafficking due to the spotlight cast unprepared. As we grapple with the cooperation, nationally and internationally on such activities as wet markets and daily toll on humanity, the economy and to maintain the momentum and continue the worlds’ reaction to their existence managing our personal and work life, to build on the good work and successes and their threat (memories of previous as a community we seek answers as to that have been achieved. viral outbreaks allegedly emanating how this occurred in our 21st century, As the world is experiencing, the from animals are a constant reminder). medically advanced society. pandemic with its lockdowns, restrictions It will be some time before an accurate The media is awash with articles, on people movement, gatherings, work measurement will be available. interviews, news flashes, documentaries and social lives, the criminal fraternity In the meantime, tracking and and special editions in efforts to keep is similarly experiencing a seismic shift analysing the impact of the pandemic the public informed and AiPol plans to in their modus operandi and policing on the wider crime landscape is being navigate a path with issues devoted to resources are through necessity being reported on a near to daily basis across the major areas of impact brought to directed towards the immediacy of the the globe. Presenting the progress in the world by the pandemic and their needs of the pandemic situation and this COVID-19 related area of impact in connectivity to law enforcement and its associated emerging crimes at the the next issue will offer opportunity for security. Commencing this informative expense of such activities as policing a holistic perspective of the relationship journey with exploring the potential illegal animal trafficking. The question between the pandemic and maintaining source of the virus places the spotlight for consideration is to look towards the safety and security in our communities. on the illegal trafficking and marketing post pandemic world. Will those areas of To those of the policing community of animals. Interestingly, as indicated crime which have received less attention who may have suffered loss through in the articles authored by scientists have escalated whilst our attention is this pandemic we extend our sincere and subject matter experts in this elsewhere, and grown to an extent which condolences and thank all of you for the issue, it suggests a lack of surprise makes the previous gains in disrupting job you do every day in keeping your with the notion that the virus began and reduction of less impact? community safe. A Journal of Professional Practice and Research | AiPol Page 3 COVID-19 Foreword JON HUNT-SHARMAN President, Committee of Management, Australasian Institute of Policing As this edition of the Aipol journal goes to print the illnesses, death toll and economic damage across the world is still growing as a result of the novel coronavirus outbreak, known as COVID-19. Greater focus on the illegal detected in pangolins. However, as this The international trade in all eight wildlife trade may have prevented edition goes to print scientists have pangolin species has been banned COVID-19 cautioned against jumping to conclusions since 2016 under the Conservation Although it remains unclear how the before the research is published and on International Trade in Endangered virus crossed into human population, reviewed. Species (CITES), the treaty that regulates bats are widely believed to be the If pangolins did act as an intermediary global trade in wildlife. It’s estimated that source of COVID-19. A number of host, the massive illegal trade in more than 2.7 million pangolins enter the scientific findings suggest it did not jump pangolins could have led to the current illegal market each year. from bats to humans directly. Instead, pandemic. China is a major destination for pangolins, the group of scaly anteaters All existing pangolin species, pangolins and pangolin products. that constitute the most illegally trafficked belonging to the family Manidae, are Despite the ban, between 2016 and mammals in the world, are suspected to threatened with extinction; three of the 2019, about 206 tons of pangolin scales be the intermediary. four Asian species Chinese (Manis were seized in 52 raids, according to the China’s Xinhua News Agency has pentadactyla), Sunda (M. javanica) and Wildlife Justice Commission. It said these reported that researchers found the Philippine (M. culionensis) are listed as were conservative estimates. closest genetic match yet to the novel critically endangered by the International From a law enforcement perspective, coronavirus infecting humans in a virus Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
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