Revolutionary Action Days of the Exploited Are Cornering the Citadel of Power
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Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930S
Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Ariel Mae Lambe All rights reserved ABSTRACT Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe This dissertation shows that during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) diverse Cubans organized to support the Spanish Second Republic, overcoming differences to coalesce around a movement they defined as antifascism. Hundreds of Cuban volunteers—more than from any other Latin American country—traveled to Spain to fight for the Republic in both the International Brigades and the regular Republican forces, to provide medical care, and to serve in other support roles; children, women, and men back home worked together to raise substantial monetary and material aid for Spanish children during the war; and longstanding groups on the island including black associations, Freemasons, anarchists, and the Communist Party leveraged organizational and publishing resources to raise awareness, garner support, fund, and otherwise assist the cause. The dissertation studies Cuban antifascist individuals, campaigns, organizations, and networks operating transnationally to help the Spanish Republic, contextualizing these efforts in Cuba’s internal struggles of the 1930s. It argues that both transnational solidarity and domestic concerns defined Cuban antifascism. First, Cubans confronting crises of democracy at home and in Spain believed fascism threatened them directly. Citing examples in Ethiopia, China, Europe, and Latin America, Cuban antifascists—like many others—feared a worldwide menace posed by fascism’s spread. -
Ackelsberg L
• • I I Free Women of Spain Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women I Martha A. Ackelsberg l I f I I .. AK PRESS Oakland I West Virginia I Edinburgh • Ackelsberg. Martha A. Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women Lihrary of Congress Control Numher 2003113040 ISBN 1-902593-96-0 Published hy AK Press. Reprinted hy Pcrmi"inn of the Indiana University Press Copyright 1991 and 2005 by Martha A. Ackelsherg All rights reserved Printed in Canada AK Press 674-A 23rd Street Oakland, CA 94612-1163 USA (510) 208-1700 www.akpress.org [email protected] AK Press U.K. PO Box 12766 Edinburgh. EH8 9YE Scotland (0131) 555-5165 www.akuk.com [email protected] The addresses above would be delighted to provide you with the latest complete AK catalog, featur ing several thousand books, pamphlets, zines, audio products, videos. and stylish apparel published and distributed bv AK Press. A1tern�tiv�l�! Uil;:1t r\llr "-""'l:-,:,i!'?� f2":' �!:::: :::::;:;.p!.::.;: ..::.:.:..-..!vo' :uh.. ,.",i. IIt;W� and updates, events and secure ordering. Cover design and layout by Nicole Pajor A las compafieras de M ujeres Libres, en solidaridad La lucha continua Puiio ell alto mujeres de Iberia Fists upraised, women of Iheria hacia horiz,ontes prePiados de luz toward horizons pregnant with light por rutas ardientes, on paths afire los pies en fa tierra feet on the ground La frente en La azul. face to the blue sky Atirmondo promesas de vida Affimling the promise of life desafiamos La tradicion we defy tradition modelemos la arcilla caliente we moLd the warm clay de un mundo que nace del doLor. -
WP5 – Global Activists. Conceptions and Practices of Democracy in The
WP5 – Integrated Report. GLOBAL ACTIVISTS. CONCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF DEMOCRACY IN THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUMS Edited by Donatella della Porta and Massimiliano Andretta European University Institute Florence, March 2007 WP5 Report for “Democracy in Europe and the Mobilization of Society”, a project funded by the European Commission, Contract n. CIT2-CT2004-506026, and (for the Swiss case) by the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, Contract no. 03.0482. CHAPTER 1 WHY A RESEARCH ON DEMOCRACY AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUM? AN INTRODUCTION BY DONATELLA DELLA PORTA ..................................................................................................................................1 1. DEMOCRACY AND/IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: WHERE IS THE CHALLENGE...........................................1 The research on democracy and movements.............................................................................................................4 The research on individual activists..........................................................................................................................5 2. DEMOCRACY IN THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUM: A CRITICAL CASE STUDY...............................................................9 3. THE RESEARCH: METHODS AND CAVEATS .................................................................................................................14 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................................21 -
Through the Smoke of Atocha: a Reflection on Spanish Politics
Through the Smoke of Atocha: A Reflection on Spanish Politics Nunca respondas al necio según su insensatez, para que no seas tú también como él. Responde al necio según su insensatez, para que no se estime sabio en su propia opinión. —— Proverbios 26:4-5 The language of hyperbole and cliché generally counts for too much in a lot of political analysis, but in the case of the Spanish state it would be fair to say that the recent election of a PSOE (Socialist Party) government has sent shock waves throughout the international political world. That the Socialists, led by their fresh young leader José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – and that one can be fresh and young at the age of 43 must stand as something of an indictment of mainstream politics – won the election against all prediction was surprise enough. That the defeated incumbent, José María Aznar, leader of the neoliberal, neoclerical Partido Popular, had been a key international figure, along with Tony Blair, in the preparation and carrying out of Bush’s war in Iraq added to the novelty an international dimension. And that, within days of assuming office, Zapatero, completing the first fulfilment of his election promises, ordered the immediate withdrawal of the Spanish state contingent of the occupying forces in Iraq prompted many commentators to speak of a global realignment of the political stage. Of course, to say that the election had been held in extraordinary circumstances would be to put it mildly. Just three days before, the campaign had been brought to a crashing halt as a series of holdall bombs – timed to explode simultaneously in the giant terminus of Atocha – ripped through early-morning commuter trains in Madrid, leaving around two hundred dead and five times as many maimed and injured. -
Sisters in Arms: Women in the Spanish Revolution
SSistersisters inin AArms:rms: WomenWomen inin thethe SpanishSpanish RevolutionRevolution Zabalaza Books “Knowledge is the Key to be Free” Post: Postnet Suite 116, Private Bag X42, Braamfontein, 2017, Johannesburg, South Africa A Collection of Essays from the E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.zabalaza.net/zababooks Websites of International Anarchism The People Armed - Page 28 Fists upraised, women of Iberia towards horizons pregnant with light on paths afire feet on the ground face to the blue sky. Affirming the promise of life we defy tradition we mold the warm clay of a new world born of pain. Let the past vanish into nothingness! What do we care for yesterday! We want to write anew the word WOMAN. Fists upraised, women of the world towards horizons pregnant with light on paths afire onward, onward toward the light. Mujeres Libres'' Anthem Lucia Sanchez Saornil This pamphlet is made up of texts downloaded from Valencia 1937 the International Pages of the Struggle website and the website of the Workers Solidarity Movement www.struggle.ws They have been edited slightly by the Zabalaza Books editor Women in the Spanish Revolution - Page 27 M Propaganda Consciousness raising and support for these activities was spread by means of literature, including booklets, the "Mujeres Libres" journal, exhibitions, posters, and cross-country tours, especially to rural areas. There are many accounts of urban companeras visiting rural collectives and exchanging ideas, information, etc. (and vice versa). Produced entirely by and for women, the paper Mujeres Libres grew to national circulation and, by all accounts, was popular with both rural and urban work- ing class women. -
Women in the Spanish Revolution - Solidarity
Women in the Spanish revolution - Solidarity Liz Willis writes on the conditions and role of women in and around the Spanish Civil War and revolution of 1936-1939. Solidarity Pamphlet #48 Introduction In a way, it is clearly artificial to try to isolate the role of women in any series of historical events. There are reasons, however, - why the attempt should still be made from time to time; for one thing it can be assumed that when historians write about "people" or "workers" they mean women to anything like the same extent as men. It is only recently that the history of women has begun to be studied with the attention appropriate to women's significance - constituting as we do approximately half of society at all levels. (1) In their magnum opus The Revolution and the Civil War in Spain (Faber & Faber, 1972), Pierre Brow and Emile Témime state that the participation of women in the Spanish Revolution of 1936 was massive and general, and take this as an index of how deep the revolution went. Unfortunately, details of this aspect are scarce in their book elsewhere, but the sources do allow some kind of picture to be pieced together. In the process of examining how women struggled, what they achieved, and how their consciousness developed in a period of intensified social change, we can expect to touch on most facets of what was going on. Any conclusions that emerge should have relevance for libertarians in general as well as for the present-day women's movement. Background Conditions of life for Spanish women prior to 1936 were oppressive and repressive in the extreme. -
Frankenstein and the Monster the Spanish State Left After the Elections of 25 May
Frankenstein and the Monster The Spanish State Left after the Elections of 25 May There is a tide in the affairs of men Which taken at the flood leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shadows and in miseries. ——Julius Caesar, Act IV, Scene 3 On 25 May local elections1 were held in the Spanish state: a veritable rehearsal for the general elections scheduled for next spring. And for the first time since 1993, PSOE, the Spanish Socialist Party, won more votes across Spain that the neo-clerical2 conservative Partido Popular (PP), in power in Madrid since 1996. A cause for celebration? A sign of change for the future? Not a bit of it. Although PSOE managed to win a marginal lead over the PP in terms of total municipal votes cast, the very narrowness of this lead fell far short of both the 1 There were in fact a number of simultaneous elections on this day: on a Spanish-state basis municipal elections, for what are called ayuntamientos, roughly equivalent to the British local council, which include the enormous councils of Madrid (population around 3 million) and Barcelona (population roughly 1.5 million), down to tiny villages where the population may be only measured in tens of people; and for the governing bodies of 13 of the 17 comunidades autonómicas: a region of government between the ayuntamiento and the state dating from the late 1970s and early 1980s when a regional structure of devolved government was established with the aim of assuaging rebellious national minorities – in Galicia, Catalunya and, especially, Euskadi – by creating an all-Spanish state structure in which powers could be devolved to these nationalities without acknowledging them any special ‘national’ status. -
WP2 – SEARCHING the NET Edited by Donatella Della Porta and Lorenzo Mosca (EUI) Due Date: 12 Actual Delivery Date: 12
Project No:CIT-CT-2004- 506026 Project acronym: DEMOS Project full title: Democracy in Europe and the Mobilization of Society SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME, PRIORITY 7. Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge Based Society SPECIFIC TARGETED RESEARCH OR INNOVATION PROJECT DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE AND THE MOBILIZATION OF SOCIETY. D5 Report on WP2 – SEARCHING THE NET Edited by Donatella della Porta and Lorenzo Mosca (EUI) Due date: 12 Actual delivery date: 12 Start date of project: 1 September 2004. Duration: 3 years Lead Contractors: EUI Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level: PU Public Table of contents Chapter 1. Searching the Net (by Donatella della Porta and Lorenzo Mosca)...................5 1.1. Searching the Net: an Introduction........................................................................5 1.2. Democracy in the Internet: a presentation…...………….…….…………………7 1.2.1. Democracy and the Internet: summarizing the debate ..……………......8 1.2.2. Explaining the website’ style: some hypotheses……………………….11 1.2.3. The digital divide: some cross-national information.……………...…..11 1.2.4. The Global Justice Movement in different countries……….....……….13 1.2.5. Organizational resources and strategies………………….…………...14 1.3. Our empirical research: the main choices...…………………..………………...16 1.3.1. Sampling strategy: the selection process of relevant websites…………..16 1.3.2. The codebook for the analysis of websites of SMOs……………………..18 1.3.3. The cross-national organizational characteristics of our samples...........21 1.4. Cross-national comparison of websites’ styles...………………………………..24 1.4.1. Websites and the quality of communication………..……………………24 1.4.2. Identity building and websites……..…………………………………….26 1.4.3. -
Spain in the Struggle Against Fascism for Almost Three Months the Spanish People Have Been Carrying on a Heroic Struggle Against the Fascist Insurgents
Communist International Nov. (11), 1936, pp. 1418-1438 Spain in the Struggle Against Fascism For almost three months the Spanish people have been carrying on a heroic struggle against the fascist insurgents. Workers from Madrid and Catalonia, peasants from Andalusia and Estremadura, office employees, professors, poets and musicians, are fighting shoulder to shoulder at the front. The whole nation is conducting a life-and-death struggle against a handful of generals, enemies of peace and liberty, who, with the aid of the cutthroat soldiers of the Foreign Legion and duped Moroccan troops, want to restore the rule of the landlords and the church, and to sell the country piecemeal to the German and Italian fascists. This is a struggle of the millions for bread and liberty, for land and work, for the independence of their country. It is a struggle of democracy against the dark forces of reaction and fascism. It is a struggle of the republic against those who are violating the orderly life and peaceful labor of the workers and peasants. It is a struggle against the instigators of war; it is a struggle for peace. The relationship of class forces in Spain is such that fascism has the vast majority of the Spanish people against it, that the people, united in the alliance of the working class, peasants, and working people of the towns, would long since have settled with the revolt, were it not that behind the backs of the Spanish fascists stand the forces of world reaction, and first and foremost, German and Italian fascism. -
Of European and National Election Results Update: September 2018
REVIEW OF EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL ELECTION RESULTS UPDATE: SEPTEMBER 2018 A Public Opinion Monitoring Publication REVIEW OF EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL ELECTION RESULTS UPDATE: SEPTEMBER 2018 Directorate-General for Communication Public Opinion Monitoring Unit September 2018 - PE 625.195 TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL 1 1. COMPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 5 DISTRIBUTION OF SEATS EE2019 6 OVERVIEW 1979 - 2014 7 COMPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT LAST UPDATE (10/09/2018) 8 CONSTITUTIVE SESSION (01/07/2014) 9 PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN PROPORTION - LAST UPDATE 10 PROPORTIONS IN POLITICAL GROUPS - LAST UPDATE 11 PROPORTION OF WOMEN IN POLITICAL GROUPS - SINCE 1979 12 2. NUMBER OF NATIONAL PARTIES IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 13 3. TURNOUT: EE2014 15 TURNOUT IN THE LAST EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS 16 TURNOUT IN THE EE2014 18 TURNOUT COMPARISON: 2009 (2013) - 2014 19 TURNOUT IN THE EE2014 - BREAKDOWN BY GENDER 20 TURNOUT IN THE EE2014 - BREAKDOWN BY AGE 21 TURNOUT OVERVIEW SINCE 1979 22 TURNOUT OVERVIEW SINCE 1979 - BY MEMBER STATE 23 4. NATIONAL RESULTS BY MEMBER STATE 27-301 GOVERNMENTS AND OPPOSITION IN MEMBER STATES 28 COMPOSITION OF THE EP: 2014 AND LATEST UPDATE POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE EP MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT - BY MEMBER STATE EE2014 TOTAL RESULTS EE2014 ELECTORAL LISTS - BY MEMBER STATE RESULTS OF TWO LAST NATIONAL ELECTIONS AND THE EE 2014 DIRECT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS SOURCES EDITORIAL First published in November 2014, the Review of European and National Elections offers a comprehensive, detailed and up-to-date overview on the composition of the European Parliament, national elections in all EU Member States as well as a historical overview on the now nearly forty years of direct elections to the European Parliament since 1979. -
1 Constitutional Politics and Religious Accommodation
Constitutional Politics and Religious Accommodation: Lessons from Spain Abstract: This article sketches the struggles over and the shifting role of Catholicism in the Spanish body politic. It begins by providing a brief overview of the deep historical ties between Catholicism and Spanish identity. It continues by recounting the dialectical process through which a serious social cleavage on the role of religion in politics emerged and percolated over the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This cleavage ultimately pit a militant and reactionary brand of authoritarian Catholicism on the right against an equally militant group of secularist ideologues associated with both bourgeois-republican and revolutionary working class (mainly anarchist) political forces. Following Juan Linz, the article emphasizes the nefarious role played by constitution- makers who pursued a partisan secularizing agenda on questions of Church and state in the breakdown of democracy and tragic onset of Civil War. It then delineates the ideology and institutionalization of “national-Catholicism” under Franco, before turning to contrast republican-era constitution-making dynamics with those of the transition to democracy following Franco’s death. It concludes with a discussion of the content of post-transition conflicts over religion and politics, highlighting the constitutional resources for coping with the somehow new yet very old challenge posed by the presence of Islam. Introduction This article gives an account of the struggles over and the shifting role of Catholicism in the Spanish body politic. It is intended as a contribution to the comparative literature on religion and politics, with special relevance for debates on secularism, constitutional politics, and democracy. -
200000 Protest Jailing of Catalonian Nationalist Leaders
افغانستان آزاد – آزاد افغانستان AA-AA چو کشور نباشـد تن من مبـــــــاد بدین بوم وبر زنده یک تن مــــباد همه سر به سر تن به کشتن دهیم از آن به که کشور به دشمن دهیم www.afgazad.com [email protected] زبان های اروپائی European Languages http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2017/10/19/cata-o19.html 200,000 protest jailing of Catalonian nationalist leaders in Barcelona By Paul Mitchell 19 October 2017 The jailing this week of the leaders of the largest separatist organisations in Catalonia—Jordi Sànchez of the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) and Jordi Cuixart of Òmnium Cultural—was met with demonstrations throughout Catalonia culminating in a 200,000-strong protest in Barcelona on Tuesday night. www.afgazad.com 1 [email protected] The incarceration of the two marks the first jailings of political prisoners since the end of the fascist dictatorship of General Francisco Franco. A mass mobilisation has been scheduled for Saturday afternoon calling for their release. There are talks of another “national strike” by the “Board for Democracy”, which comprises 60 organisations including the ANC, Òmnium Cultural, the UGT and CCOO unions and the employers umbrella organisations, CECOT and PIMEC. Sànchez and Cuixart are being held pending investigation of trumped-up sedition charges, which carry a maximum sentence of 15 years imprisonment. They are accused of orchestrating demonstrations on September 20 and 21, which attempted to prevent police raids on organisations promoting the October 1 Catalan independence referendum. The arrests came after weeks of sustained repression by the Popular Party (PP) government of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy.