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WP5 – Global Activists. Conceptions and Practices of Democracy in The WP5 – Integrated Report. GLOBAL ACTIVISTS. CONCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF DEMOCRACY IN THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUMS Edited by Donatella della Porta and Massimiliano Andretta European University Institute Florence, March 2007 WP5 Report for “Democracy in Europe and the Mobilization of Society”, a project funded by the European Commission, Contract n. CIT2-CT2004-506026, and (for the Swiss case) by the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, Contract no. 03.0482. CHAPTER 1 WHY A RESEARCH ON DEMOCRACY AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUM? AN INTRODUCTION BY DONATELLA DELLA PORTA ..................................................................................................................................1 1. DEMOCRACY AND/IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: WHERE IS THE CHALLENGE...........................................1 The research on democracy and movements.............................................................................................................4 The research on individual activists..........................................................................................................................5 2. DEMOCRACY IN THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUM: A CRITICAL CASE STUDY...............................................................9 3. THE RESEARCH: METHODS AND CAVEATS .................................................................................................................14 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................................21 CHAPTER 2 THE ESF ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS IN A DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVE BY LORENZO MOSCA AND ISABELLE SOMMIER.................................................................................................25 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................................25 1.1 The invention of the forum form: its stakes and rules and its process of dissemination ...................................25 2. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIFICITIES OF THE THREE ESFS..........................................................................................29 2.1 The Florence ESF .............................................................................................................................................29 2.1.1 The choice of the city hosting the forum.........................................................................................................30 2.1.2 The organizational process ............................................................................................................................31 2.1.3 Defining the program.....................................................................................................................................32 2.1.4 Funds and organization .................................................................................................................................32 2.1.5 Enlarging the net............................................................................................................................................34 2.2 The Paris ESF ...................................................................................................................................................34 3. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................................37 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................................38 QUOTED DOCUMENTS (LAST ACCESSED 28TH NOVEMBER 2002) ...................................................................................38 INTERVIEWEES..............................................................................................................................................................39 CHAPTER 3 MODELS OF DEMOCRACY: HOW ACTIVISTS SEE DEMOCRACY IN THE MOVEMENT BY MASSIMILIANO ANDRETTA AND DONATELLA DELLA PORTA .................................................................40 1. DEMOCRACY AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONCEPT.....................................................................................................40 2. SATISFACTION WITH GJM DEMOCRACY: WHAT FOR AND HOW IT IS ACHIEVED.........................................................49 3. CONCLUSIONS...........................................................................................................................................................56 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................................57 CHAPTER 4 DEMOCRACY FROM BELOW: ACTIVISTS AND INSTITUTIONS BY DONATELLA DELLA PORTA AND MARCO GIUGNI........................................................................................58 1. MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE AND TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS: LOCALIST, NATIONALIST OR COSMOPOLITAN? ................59 2. MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE. WHICH SOLUTIONS?.....................................................................................................62 3. POLITICS, ANTIPOLITICS, ALTERPOLITICS: HOW TO CHANGE THE WORLD? ................................................................67 4. EXPLAINING DEMOCRATIC VIEWS: TRUST, SOLUTIONS, AND STRATEGIES .................................................................70 4. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................................77 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................................79 CHAPTER 5 THE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHY OF GLOBAL ACTIVISM BY MASSIMILIANO ANDRETTA, MARKO BANDLER, NICOLAS HAERINGER, ILHAME HAJJI, MANUEL JIMÉNEZ AND ISABELLE SOMMIER.......................................................................................................................81 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................81 1. GENERAL DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ................................................................................................................................82 2. ACTIVISTS AND OTHERS............................................................................................................................................86 2.1 Position within the group (2003-06) .................................................................................................................86 2.2 The loners in 2006.............................................................................................................................................89 3. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES, EXPERIENCE IN THE GLOBAL JUSTICE MOVEMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS DEMOCRACY .................................................................................................................................................................90 4. THE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC BASIS OF ACTIVIST’S DEMOCRATIC VIEWS ......................................................................97 5. CONCLUSIONS.........................................................................................................................................................108 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................................................110 CHAPTER 6 THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUM AND THE ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSION BY CLARE SAUNDERS, MASSIMILIANO ANDRETTA, NICOLAS HAERINGER, ILHAME HAJJI, AND ISABELLE SOMMIER.................................................................................................................................................111 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................111 2. EVOLUTION OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE DIFFERENT ESF..............................................................................................112 2.1 Loners and members .......................................................................................................................................112 2.2 Evolution of membership profiles....................................................................................................................113 3. EXPLORING MEMBERSHIP PROFILES OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE ATHENS ESF, 2006...........................................116 3.1 Comparing past and present membership profiles..........................................................................................116 3.2 From multiple memberships to families of movements ...................................................................................117 4. ‘IMPORTANT’ ORGANIZATIONS AND DEMOCRATIC NORMS AND PRACTICES ............................................................122 4.1 Operationalizing and aggregating new movement categories ........................................................................122 4.2 Exploring the data for important organizational types...................................................................................126 4.3 Important organizational membership and participation in GJM events
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