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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Marine Biotechnology Guest Editors: Song Qin, W. E. G. Müller, and Edwin L. Cooper Marine Biotechnology Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Marine Biotechnology Guest Editors: Song Qin, W. E. G. Muller,¨ and Edwin L. Cooper Copyright © 2011 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2011 of “Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and repro- duction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Shrikant Anant, USA Toshiaki Kogure, Japan JoseLuisR´ ´ıos, Spain Vassya Bankova, Bulgaria Alfred Langler,¨ Germany Paolo Roberti di Sarsina, Italy Winfried Banzer, Germany Lixing Lao, USA Julie Ryan, USA Vernon Barnes, USA Jang-Hern Lee, Republic of Korea Bashar Saad, Palestinian Authority DebraL.Barton,USA Myeong Soo Lee, Republic of Korea Andreas Sandner-Kiesling, Austria Jairo Kenupp Bastos, Brazil Tat leang Lee, Singapore Adair Roberto Soares Santos, Brazil David Baxter, New Zealand Christian Lehmann, Canada Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann, Chile Alvin J. Beitz, USA Ping-Chung Leung, Hong Kong Andrew Scholey, Australia Paolo Bellavite, Italy Xiu-Min Li, USA Dana Seidlova-Wuttke, Germany Francesca Borrelli, Italy Chun Guang Li, Australia Senthamil R. Selvan, USA Arndt Bussing,¨ Germany Sabina Lim, Republic of Korea Ronald Sherman, USA Leigh F. Callahan, USA Gerhard Litscher, Austria Kan Shimpo, Japan Raffaele Capasso, Italy I-Min Liu, Taiwan Venil N. Sumantran, India Il-Moo Chang, Republic of Korea Ke Liu, China Takashi Takahashi, Japan Yunfei Chen, China John C. Longhurst, USA Toku Takahashi, USA Kevin W. Chen, USA Irene´ Lund, Sweden B. K. H. Tan, Singapore Juei-Tang Cheng, Taiwan Gail Mahady, USA Joanna Thompson-Coon, UK Jen-Hwey Chiu, Taiwan Francesco Marotta, Italy Mei Tian, USA Jae Youl Cho, Republic of Korea Virginia S. Martino, Argentina K. V. Trinh, Canada William C. Cho, Hong Kong James H. McAuley, Australia Alfredo Vannacci, Italy Shuang-En Chuang, Taiwan Andreas Michalsen, Germany Søren Ventegodt, Denmark Edwin L. Cooper, USA David Mischoulon, USA Carlo Ventura, Italy Vincenzo De Feo, Italy Mark A. Moyad, USA Wagner Vilegas, Brazil Alexandra Deters, Germany Stephen Myers, Australia Pradeep Visen, Canada Nobuaki Egashira, Japan S. Nagini, India Dietlind Wahner-Roedler, USA Peter Fisher, UK Vitaly Napadow, USA Shu-Ming Wang, USA Joel J. Gagnier, Canada Isabella Neri, Italy Kenji Watanabe, Japan Michael Goldstein, USA Martin Offenbacher, Germany Wolfgang Weidenhammer, Germany S. H. Hong, Republic of Korea Ki-Wan Oh, Republic of Korea Jenny M. Wilkinson, Australia Markus Horneber, Germany Y. Ohta, Japan Haruki Yamada, Japan Ching Liang Hsieh, Taiwan Olumayokun A. Olajide, UK Nobuo Yamaguchi, Japan Roman Huber, Germany Thomas Ostermann, Germany Hitoshi Yamashita, Japan Angelo Antonio Izzo, Italy Bhushan Patwardhan, India Ken Yasukawa, Japan Stefanie Joos, Germany Berit Smestad Paulsen, Norway E. Yesilada, Turkey Z. Kain, USA Richard Pietras, USA Hong Zhang, China Jong Yeol Kim, Republic of Korea Khalid Rahman, UK Ruixin Zhang, USA Cheorl-Ho Kim, Republic of Korea Cheppail Ramachandran, USA Boli Zhang, China Youn Chul Kim, Republic of Korea Cesar R. Ramos-Remus, Mexico Yoshiyuki Kimura, Japan Ke Ren, USA Contents Marine Biotechnology, Song Qin, W. E. G. Muller,¨ and Edwin L. Cooper Volume 2011, Article ID 639140, 2 pages Isolation and Identification of Acholeplasma sp. from the Mud Crab, Scylla serrata, Ji-Gang Chen, Dan Lou, and Ji-Fang Yang Volume 2011, Article ID 209406, 5 pages Immune Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Vaccine against Lymphocystis Disease Virus: Analysis of Different Immunization Strategies, Fengrong Zheng, Xiuqin Sun, Xing’an Wu, Hongzhan Liu, Jiye Li, Suqi Wu, and Jinxing Zhang Volume 2011, Article ID 729216, 8 pages Description of a Sulfitobacter Strain and Its Extracellular Cyclodipeptides, Cong Long, Xiao-Ling Lu, Yun Gao, Bing-Hua Jiao, and Xiao-Yu Liu Volume 2011, Article ID 393752, 6 pages Isolation and Characterization of a Phosphate-Solubilizing Halophilic Bacterium Kushneria sp. YCWA18 from Daqiao Saltern on the Coast of Yellow Sea of China, Fengling Zhu, Lingyun Qu, Xuguang Hong, and Xiuqin Sun Volume 2011, Article ID 615032, 6 pages Bioactive Pigments from Marine Bacteria: Applications and Physiological Roles, Azamjon B. Soliev, Kakushi Hosokawa, and Keiichi Enomoto Volume 2011, Article ID 670349, 17 pages Bacillus amyloliquefaciens G1: A Potential Antagonistic Bacterium against Eel-Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, Haipeng Cao, Shan He, Ruopeng Wei, Marek Diong, and Liqun Lu Volume 2011, Article ID 824104, 7 pages Enhanced Antitumoral Activity of Extracts Derived from Cultured Udotea flabellum (Chlorophyta), Rosa Moo-Puc, Daniel Robledo, and Yolanda Freile-Pelegrin Volume 2011, Article ID 969275, 7 pages Biosynthesis and Immobilization of Biofunctional Allophycocyanin, Yingjie Chen, Shaofang Liu, Yulin Cui, Peng Jiang, Huaxin Chen, Fuchao Li, and Song Qin Volume 2011, Article ID 751452, 6 pages Hypoglycemic Properties of Oxovanadium (IV) Coordination Compounds with Carboxymethyl-Carrageenan and Carboxymethyl-Chitosan in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice, Hongyu Zhang, Yuetao Yi, Dawei Feng, Yipeng Wang, and Song Qin Volume 2011, Article ID 691067, 7 pages Changes of Photosynthetic Behaviors in Kappaphycus alvarezii Infected by Epiphyte,TongPang, Jianguo Liu, Qian Liu, and Wei Lin Volume 2011, Article ID 658906, 7 pages Identification and Characterization of Cell Wall Proteins of a Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella Using 2-D DIGE and MALDI TOF-TOF Mass Spectrometry, Da-Zhi Wang, Hong-Po Dong, Cheng Li, Zhang-Xian Xie, Lin Lin, and Hua-Sheng Hong Volume 2011, Article ID 984080, 11 pages Homology-Driven Proteomics of Dinoflagellates with Unsequenced Genomes Using MALDI-TOF/TOF and Automated De Novo Sequencing, Da-Zhi Wang, Cheng Li, Zhang-Xian Xie, Hong-Po Dong, Lin Lin, and Hua-Sheng Hong Volume 2011, Article ID 471020, 16 pages Dieckol from Ecklonia cava Regulates Invasion of Human Fibrosarcoma Cells and Modulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expression via NF-κBPathway, Chen Zhang, Yong Li, Zhong-Ji Qian, Sang-Hoon Lee, Yong-Xin Li, and Se-kwon Kim Volume 2011, Article ID 140462, 8 pages Protective Effects of Emodin and Chrysophanol Isolated from Marine Fungus Aspergillus sp. on Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in HepG2/CYP2E1 Cells, Zhong-Ji Qian, Chen Zhang, Yong-Xin Li, Jae-Young Je, Se-Kwon Kim, and Won-Kyo Jung Volume 2011, Article ID 452621, 7 pages Purification and the Secondary Structure of Fucoidanase from Fusarium sp. LD8, Wu Qianqian, Ma Shuang, Xiao Hourong, Zhang Min, and Cai Jingmin Volume 2011, Article ID 196190, 8 pages A Preliminary Study of the Microbial Resources and Their Biological Activities of the East China Sea, Xiaoling Lu, Xiaoyu Liu, Cong Long, Guoxiang Wang, Yun Gao, Junhua Liu, and Binghua Jiao Volume 2011, Article ID 806485, 8 pages Genome-Based Studies of Marine Microorganisms to Maximize the Diversity of Natural Products Discovery for Medical Treatments, Xin-Qing Zhao Volume 2011, Article ID 384572, 11 pages Impact of Intensive Land-Based Fish Culture in Qingdao, China, on the Bacterial Communities in Surrounding Marine Waters and Sediments, Qiufen Li, Yan Zhang, David Juck, Nathalie Fortin, and Charles W. Greer Volume 2011, Article ID 487543, 8 pages Pyrolytic Characteristics and Kinetics of Phragmites australis, Hui Zhao, Huaxiao Yan, Congwang Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Yanhui Xue, Yingyun Qiao, Yuanyu Tian, and Song Qin Volume 2011, Article ID 408973, 6 pages CI431, an Aqueous Compound from Ciona intestinalis L., Induces Apoptosis through a Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Linyou Cheng, Ming Liu, Cuicui Wang, Haizhou Liu, Yuyan Zhang, and Xiukun Lin Volume 2011, Article ID 292873, 9 pages Isolation and Characterization of Adhesive Secretion from Cuvierian Tubules of Sea Cucumber Holothuria forskali˚ (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), Malgorzata Baranowska, Ute Schloßmacher, J. Douglas McKenzie, Werner E. G. Muller,¨ and Heinz C. Schroder¨ Volume 2011, Article ID 486845, 13 pages Comparative Cytogenetics Analysis of Chlamys farreri, Patinopecten yessoensis, and Argopecten irradians with C0t-1 DNA by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Li-Ping Hu, Wen-Cong Shang, Yan Sun, Shan Wang, Xiao-Liang Ren, Xiao-Ting Huang, and Zhen-Min Bao Volume 2011, Article ID 785831, 7 pages Characteristics of the Aragonitic Layer in Adult Oyster Shells, Crassostrea gigas: Structural Study of Myostracum including the Adductor Muscle Scar, Seung-Woo Lee, Young-Nam Jang, and Jeong-Chan Kim Volume 2011, Article ID 742963, 10 pages Novel 5,6-Dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines as Scaffolds for Synthesis of Lamellarin Analogues, Shao Han Liao, Dai Hua Hu, Ai Ling Wang, and De Peng Li Volume 2011, Article ID 103425, 6 pages Expression of Pigment Cell-Specific Genes in the Ontogenesis of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, Natalya V. Ageenko, Konstantin V. Kiselev, and Nelly A. Odintsova Volume 2011, Article ID 730356, 9 pages Distribution and Abundance of Archaea in South China Sea Sponge Holoxea sp. and the Presence of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea in Sponge Cells, Fang Liu, Minqi Han, Fengli Zhang, Baohua Zhang, and Zhiyong Li Volume 2011, Article ID 723696, 5 pages The Largest Bio-Silica Structure on Earth: The Giant Basal Spicule from the Deep-Sea Glass Sponge
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  • BIOSYNTHESIS of PRODIGININE and TAMBJAMINE NATURAL PRODUCTS in PSEUDOALTEROMONAS SP. by Katherine J. Picott a Thesis Submitted T

    BIOSYNTHESIS of PRODIGININE and TAMBJAMINE NATURAL PRODUCTS in PSEUDOALTEROMONAS SP. by Katherine J. Picott a Thesis Submitted T

    BIOSYNTHESIS OF PRODIGININE AND TAMBJAMINE NATURAL PRODUCTS IN PSEUDOALTEROMONAS SP. by Katherine J. Picott A thesis submitted to the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada October, 2018 Copyright © Katherine J. Picott, 2018 ‘The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go” – Dr. Suess ii Abstract Prodiginines and tambjamines are two classes of pigmented natural products that display structural variety and hold many useful bioactivities, making them a desirable target for pharmaceutical agents1. Enzymes PigC and TamQ are responsible for the final step in prodiginine and tambjamine biosynthesis respectively, involving the coupling of a product specific intermediate to the shared intermediate 4-methoxy-2,2’-bipyrrole-5-carbaldehyde2. Previous investigations have focused solely on PigC and have not successfully purified the enzyme, inciting the use of crude cell lysate to test enzyme activity3,4. The objectives of this research were to directly compare the kinetic characteristics and substrate selectivity of PigC and TamQ. PigC was cloned from Pseudoalteromonas rubra, a known producer of several prodiginine analogues5,6. TamQ was cloned from Pseudoalteromonas citrea, which is predicted to produce tambjamine YP1 based on genomic mining. PigC and TamQ were successfully heterologously expressed and purified, and enzymatic activities of both PigC and TamQ were reconstituted with their native and pseudo-native substrates. The true kinetic parameters of two substrates for PigC were determined, allowing for prediction of the reaction sequence and a proposed Ter Bi Ping Pong enzyme system.
  • Repurposing a Chemosensory Macromolecular Machine

    Repurposing a Chemosensory Macromolecular Machine

    Supplementary Information Repurposing a chemosensory macromolecular machine Ortega D. R. et. al. 1 Supplementary Discussion Our results also shed light on the biological function of CheD. CheD is thought to interact with chemoreceptors in an adaptation mechanism together with CheC and CheY1, but more recent results showed that CheD from Bacillus subtilis is able to deamidate chemoreceptors in vitro without CheC2. Our results provide two further pieces of evidence supporting the idea that CheD is able to perform a biological role independently of CheC. First, the ancestral F7 system included cheD but not cheC. Second, cheD co-evolved with the ancestral F7 cheY (it was lost in the same evolutionary step), pointing to a functional link. A recent study in Comamonas testosteroni, an organism with a stage 4 F7 system, shows that the kinase CheA is able to phosphorylate both the ancient CheY as well as the recently acquired CheY- F6-like3. Deletion of the CheY-F6-like protein completely abolished chemotaxis response, while the deletion of CheY-F7 only partially affected it. The study further shows that CheY-F7 has a much faster auto-dephosphorylation rate than CheY-F6-like. The authors interpreted these results such that the CheY-F6-like is the primary response regulator, and CheY-F7 may act as a phosphate sink. These conclusions are based on previous work in organisms with multiple CheY genes per chemosensory cluster. However, because CheY-F7 in stages 1 and 2 is the sole response regulator of the system, we hypothesize that it plays a major role in the control of a yet-unknown cellular process, at least in stages 1 and 2.