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(G-FLOWS) Task 6: Groundwater Recharge Facilitating Long Term Out‐Back Water Solutions (G‐FLOWS) Task 6: Groundwater recharge characteristics across key priority areas Leaney, FW, Taylor, AR, Jolly, ID and Davies PJ Goyder Institute for Water Research Technical Report Series No. 13/6 www.goyderinstitute.org Goyder Institute for Water Research Technical Report Series ISSN: 1839‐2725 The Goyder Institute for Water Research is a partnership between the South Australian Government through the Department for Environment, Water and Natural Resources, CSIRO, Flinders University, the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia. The Institute will enhance the South Australian Government’s capacity to develop and deliver science‐based policy solutions in water management. It brings together the best scientists and researchers across Australia to provide expert and independent scientific advice to inform good government water policy and identify future threats and opportunities to water security. Enquires should be addressed to: Goyder Institute for Water Research Level 1, Torrens Building 220 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000 tel: 08‐8303 8952 e‐mail: [email protected] Citation Leaney, FW, Taylor, AR, Jolly, ID, and Davies PJ, 2013, Facilitating Long Term Out‐Back Water Solutions (G‐FLOWS) Task 6: Groundwater recharge characteristics across key priority areas, Goyder Institute for Water Research Technical Report Series No. 13/6, Adelaide, South Australia Copyright © 2013 CSIRO To the extent permitted by law, all rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of CSIRO. Disclaimer The Participants advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research and does not warrant or represent the completeness of any information or material in this publication. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. VIII GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................................... IX GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................................... IX INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 13 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................... 13 G-FLOWS PROJECT ......................................................................................................................................... 14 TASK 6 .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 15 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................... 15 SECTION 1 ‐ DESKTOP STUDY ...................................................................................................................... 17 OVERVIEW OF STUDY REGION ........................................................................................................................... 17 LOCATION ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 GEOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 HYDROGEOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 20 SURFACE HYDROLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 21 LAND USE ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 SOILS ................................................................................................................................................................ 21 METHODS .................................................................................................................................................. 23 ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION ................................................................................. 23 ESTIMATION OF RECHARGE USING EXISTING INFORMATION .............................................................................. 23 Method of Last Resort .................................................................................................................................. 23 Groundwater Chloride Mass Balance ......................................................................................................... 26 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION ................................................................................. 28 Ernabella ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 ESTIMATION OF RECHARGE USING EXISTING INFORMATION .............................................................................. 34 iii G‐FLOWS Task 6: Groundwater recharge characteristics across key priority areas Method of Last Resort .................................................................................................................................. 34 Groundwater Chloride Mass Balance ......................................................................................................... 35 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................... 38 ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION ................................................................................. 38 ESTIMATION OF RECHARGE USING EXISTING INFORMATION .............................................................................. 38 ESTIMATION OF RECHARGE USING THE METHOD OF LAST RESORT AND THE GROUNDWATER CHLORIDE MASS BALANCE METHODS .......................................................................................................................................... 39 SECTION 2 ‐ FIELD STUDY OF THE MUSGRAVE PROVINCE ............................................................................ 41 OVERVIEW OF STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................................. 41 PREVIOUS STUDIES IN ARID CENTRAL AUSTRALIA ............................................................................................ 42 APY Lands (Dodds et al, 2001; Cresswell et al., 2002) ............................................................................... 43 Western Water Study, Northern Territory (Cresswell et al., 1999).............................................................. 47 Ti Tree Basin (Harrington, 1994-2003) ....................................................................................................... 48 Ayres Range South station (Custance, 2012) and De Rose Hill station (Craven, 2012) ............................. 48 Finke River Study (Love et al., 2013) ........................................................................................................... 49 COMPARISON OF RAW DATA FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES ...................................................................................... 50 Groundwater salinity and major ion composition ....................................................................................... 50 Carbon isotopes ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Stable isotopes of water ............................................................................................................................... 52 COMPARISON OF RECHARGE RATES FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES ........................................................................... 52 METHODS .................................................................................................................................................. 54 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................................
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