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Tesi Doctoral I La Seva Utilització Ha De Respectar Els Drets De Ió La Persona Autora The Use of New Media and ICT by Social Movements in Contemporary Processes of Political Activism 90) - 02 - Marc Perelló Sobrepere http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664631 Generalitat 472 (28 de Catalunya núm. Rgtre. Fund. ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de ió la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual undac F (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. Universitat Ramon Llull Universitat Ramon ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la G: 59069740 G: . persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras C.I.F formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING . The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. C. Claravall, 1-3 | 08022 Barcelona | Tel. 93 602 22 00 | Fax 93 602 22 49 | [email protected] | www.url.edu 90) - 02 - TESI DOCTORAL Generalitat de Catalunya núm. 472 (28 472 núm. Catalunya de Generalitat Títol The Use of New Media and ICT by Social Movements in Contemporary Processes of Political Activism Rgtre. Fund. Rgtre. Fundació Realitzada per Marc Perelló-Sobrepere sitat Ramon Llull Llull Ramon sitat en el Centre Facultat de Comunicació i Relacions Internacionals Blanquerna – Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) Univer i en el Departament Comunicació G: 59069740 G: 59069740 . C.I.F Dirigida per Dr. Josep A. Rom Rodríguez Dr. Joan Francesc Fondevila Gascón C. Claravall, 1-3 | 08022 Barcelona | Tel. 93 602 22 00 | Fax 93 602 22 49 | [email protected] | www.url.edu THE USE OF NEW MEDIA AND ICT BY SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES OF POLITICAL ACTIVISM Marc Perelló i Sobrepere Universitat Ramon Llull (2018) 2 The Use of New Media and ICT by Social Movements in Contemporary Processes of Political Activism Acknowledgements I would like to begin by expressing my gratitude to the two directors who have accompanied me in the course of this research: doctors Josep A. Rom and Joan Francesc Fondevila. Without their knowledge and guidance, this humble study would have not been possible. Still in the academic area, I would also like to thank those who made me think about writing a doctoral thesis at a time when I was not considering it: Joan Andreu Rocha, Enrique Martínez, Jaume Brufau, Carmen Parra and Gabriel Ginebra. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge two more professors who influenced my choice of major areas of research: Benedetta Brevini and Livia Bornigia. On a more personal note, I would like to thank my parents, Marta and Xavier, and my grandparents, Mercè and Joan, for always believing in me and helping me out in ways too numerous to list. My gratitude also extends to all my relatives. Although I cannot mention them all by name, they have had to put up with cancelled meetings, late appointments and the inability to see me for a long, long time. I guess the same applies to my friends as well, who have seen me disappear from the surface of the earth for protracted periods of time, only to resurface now and then to say, ‘I’m almost finished’, even when I was actually not even close to finishing. I have combined the writing of this dissertation with my regular career in the business sector. The excellent work environments that I have encountered, together with the understanding of my workmates and bosses, helped me a lot in finding the time and energy to balance my personal, professional and academic life. I shall thank them too, while hoping that they all have finally learned the full name of this thesis – and, since we are hoping for things, I am also hoping that they will read it too. 3 Marc Perelló i Sobrepere Universitat Ramon Llull (2018) 4 The Use of New Media and ICT by Social Movements in Contemporary Processes of Political Activism Abstract The beginning of the 21st century witnessed the birth of social networks, which took personal and social communications to new heights. These new means of communication, supported by ever-changing information and communication technologies, allowed for the creation of new, multidisciplinary and multicultural spheres of discussion. In this context, new media usage by political activist movements has attracted the attention of the academic community over recent years. Recently, a new actor has appeared in this field: Catalonia. This autonomous region in Spain has witnessed the biggest demonstrations in Europe in recent times, with hundreds of thousands clogging the streets calling for Catalan independence. Our study focuses on the various theories of social movements and political activism, how do these relate to new media and new technologies, and how these apply to the Catalan case, while comparing the characteristics of the Catalan protests to others such as the Arab Spring, the Egyptian Revolution, the 15-M Indignados movement, or the Occupy Wall Street marches. Keywords New media, ICT, social movements, political activism, Catalonia, Spain, social networks, demonstrations, protests. 5 Marc Perelló i Sobrepere Universitat Ramon Llull (2018) Resum El començament del segle XXI va ser testimoni del naixement de les xarxes socials, que van portar les comunicacions personals i socials a noves fites. Aquests nous mitjans de comunicació, recolzats per unes tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació en un canvi constant, van permetre la creació de noves esferes de discussió multidisciplinàries i multiculturals. En aquest context, l'ús dels nous mitjans per part dels moviments activistes polítics ha atret l'atenció de la comunitat acadèmica en els últims anys. Recentment, ha aparegut un nou actor en aquest camp: Catalunya. Aquesta regió autònoma d’Espanya ha estat testimoni de les majors manifestacions a Europa en els últims temps, amb centenars de milers de persones obstruint els carrers de les seves ciutats per demanar la independència de Catalunya. El nostre estudi se centra en les diverses teories dels moviments socials i l'activisme polític, en com es relacionen amb els nous mitjans de comunicació i les noves tecnologies, i en com s'apliquen al cas català, mentre es comparen les característiques de les protestes catalanes amb altres com la Primavera Àrab, la Revolució Egípcia, el moviment indignats 15-M, o les marxes Occupy Wall Street. Paraules clau Nous mitjans, TIC, moviments socials, activisme polític, Catalunya, Espanya, xarxes socials, manifestacions, protestes. 6 The Use of New Media and ICT by Social Movements in Contemporary Processes of Political Activism Resumen El comienzo del siglo XXI fue testigo del nacimiento de las redes sociales, que llevaron las comunicaciones personales y sociales a nuevas metas. Estos nuevos medios de comunicación, respaldados por unas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en constante cambio, permitieron la creación de nuevas esferas de discusión multidisciplinarias y multiculturales. En este contexto, el uso de los nuevos medios por parte de los movimientos activistas políticos ha atraído la atención de la comunidad académica en los últimos años. Recientemente, ha aparecido un nuevo actor en este campo: Cataluña. Esta región autónoma en España ha sido testigo de las mayores manifestaciones en Europa en los últimos tiempos, con cientos de miles de personas obstruyendo las calles de sus ciudades para pedir la independencia de Cataluña. Nuestro estudio se centra en las diversas teorías de los movimientos sociales y el activismo político, en como se inter-relación con los nuevos medios de comunicación y las nuevas tecnologías, y en cómo se aplican al caso catalán, mientras se comparan las características de las protestas catalanas con otras como la Primavera Árabe, la Revolución Egipcia, el movimiento indignados 15-M, o las marchas Occupy Wall Street.
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