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Richard Doll
2825 Obituary: Richard Doll Sir Richard Doll died earlier this year at age 92. The most The studies by Doll are bold and original science. They celebrated epidemiologist of the 20th century, Doll is best represent an important part of the foundation of modern known for his work on smoking and lung cancer, but there was population-based chronic disease research. By the early 1960s, so much more to his career. they constituted adequate evidence for public health action to His father was a general practitioner in London, and it was reduce tobacco smoking; in 1964, the U.S. Surgeon General’s from St. Thomas’s that Doll himself graduated in Medicine in first report on the adverse health consequences of tobacco was 1937. Even as a student, he showed his interest in epidemi- published. Today, they continue to remind us how carefully ologic and statistical tools, publishing on the need for proper crafted observational studies can advance scientific knowledge analysis and statistical testing in population studies of disease. regarding social and health issues that are not amenable to Later, Doll served in the Royal Medical Corps in France and experimentation on human populations. the Middle East throughout the Second World War. He began Asbestos. By the early 1930s, work in the asbestos products his research career at the Middlesex Hospital, studying industry in Britain was known to increase the risk of a occupational factors in the development of peptic ulceration. sometimes fatal nonmalignant pulmonary disease, termed He married Dr. Joan Faulkner around this time, and it was she asbestosis. -
Poliomyelitis in the Lone Star State
POLIOMYELITIS IN THE LONE STAR STATE: A BRIEF EXAMINATION IN RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Master of Arts By Jason C. Lee San Marcos, Texas December, 2005 Insert signature page here ii COPYRIGHT By Jason Chu Lee 2005 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It leaves me in a stupor to contemplate all those I have to thank for aiding me in this effort. If I leave anybody out, please accept my most humble apologies, as the list is long. I will be the first to admit that this work is flawed, despite the best efforts of my committee to save me from myself. Had I utilized them more, this piece would only be improved. I had never undertaken a project of this scope before and though I believe I have accomplished much, the experience has been humbling. Never again will I utter the phrase, “just a thesis.” My biggest thanks go out to Dr. Mary Brennan, my committee chair and mentor. Without her guidance I most certainly would have needed to take comprehensive finals to graduate. She helped me salvage weeks of research that I thought had no discernable use. But Dr. Brennan, despite her very, very busy schedule with the department and her family, still found the time to help me find my thesis in all the data. She is well loved in the department for obvious reasons, as she has a gift for being firm and professional while remaining compassionate. Dr. James Wilson and Dr. -
Sir Richard Doll, Epidemiologist – a Personal Reminiscence with a Selected Bibliography
British Journal of Cancer (2005) 93, 963 – 966 & 2005 Cancer Research UK All rights reserved 0007 – 0920/05 $30.00 www.bjcancer.com Obituary Sir Richard Doll, epidemiologist – a personal reminiscence with a selected bibliography The death of Richard Doll on 24 July 2005 at the age of 92 after a short illness ended an extraordinarily productive life in science for which he received widespread recognition, including Fellowship of The Royal Society (1966), Knighthood (1971), Companionship of Honour (1996), and many honorary degrees and prizes. He is unique, however, in having seen both universal acceptance of his work demonstrating smoking as the main cause of the most common fatal cancer in the world and the relative success of strategies to reduce the prevalence of the habit. In 1950, 80% of the men in Britain smoked but this has now declined to less than 30%. Richard Doll qualified in medicine at St Thomas’ Hospital in 1937, but his epidemiological career began after service in the Second World War when he worked with Francis Avery Jones at the Central Middlesex Hospital on occupational factors in the aetiology of peptic ulceration. The completeness of Doll’s tracing of previously surveyed men so impressed Tony Bradford Hill that he offered him a post in the MRC Statistical Research Unit to investigate the causes of lung cancer. For the representations of Percy Stocks (Chief Medical Officer to the Registrar General) and Sir Ernest Kennaway had prevailed against the then commonly held view that the marked rise in lung cancer deaths in Britain since 1900 was due only to improved diagnosis. -
Dr Sabin's Legacy to the World Jaime Sepulveda
World Health • 46th Year, No . 3, Moy-June 1993 IS Dr Sabin's legacy to the world Jaime Sepulveda oliomyelitis has been eradicated Poliomyelitis acquired epidemic from the Americas and other proportions in the Americas at the end Pareas, and is expected to be of the last century, mainly in the most eliminated from the world by 1995. developed regions. In Mexico, the first This outstanding achievement has epidemic outbreaks started in the been made possible thanks to the 1940s and caused many victims. The availability of an excellent vaccine oral poliovaccine was made available coupled with successful vaccination in Mexico in the early 1960s. programmes. Few actions in public Coverage was low then, and mainly health have become so deservedly concentrated among well-to-do prestigious as the vaccination children. In the 1970s, a new national campatgns. programme reached much greater The first major achievement of the numbers of children and poliomyelitis immunization effort was the cases began to drop. eradication from the world of However, it was not until1985 that smallpox in the late 1970s. But the a new polio immunization initiative success with smallpox is only the took place, with the goal of reaching all children, regardless of social status Or Albert Bruce Sobin, who perfected the first most visible component of all the viable live vaccine against polio. many benefits conferred by or geographic location. This new immunization programmes strategy, focusing on "National worldwide. Not only have they Vaccination Days", was originally brought about the survival of children proposed by Professor Albert Sabin, who would otherwise have died; they the US scientist who developed the have greatly enhanced the quality of oral poliomyelitis vaccine. -
Renato Dulbecco
BIOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE Renato Dulbecco Renato Dulbecco : de la virologie à la cancérologie F.N.R. RENAUD 1 résumé Né en Italie, Renato Dulbecco fait de brillantes études médicales mais est plus intéressé par la recherche en biologie que par la pratique médicale. Accueilli par Giuseppe Levi, il apprend l’histologie et la culture cellulaire avant de rejoindre le laboratoire de S.E. Luria puis celui de M. Delbrück pour travailler sur les systèmes bactéries-bactériophages puis sur la relation cellules-virus. Il met au point la méthode des plages de lyse virales sur des cultures cellulaires. Il est aussi à l’origine de la virologie tumorale moléculaire. D. Baltimore, HM Temin et lui-même sont récompensés par le prix Nobel de médecine et physiologie en 1975 pour leurs travaux sur l'interaction entre les virus tumoraux et le matériel génétique du matériel cellulaire. Très tourné vers les aspects pratiques et expérimentaux de la recherche, il est resté le plus long - temps possible à la paillasse et a initié un très grand nombre de jeunes chercheurs. mots-clés : culture cellulaire, virologie tumorale, plages de lyse, bactériophages. I. - LA JEUNESSE DE RENATO DULBECCO C'est à Catanzaro, capitale régionale de la Calabre en Italie, que naît Renato Dulbecco le 22 février 1914. Sa mère est Calabraise et son père Ligurien. Il ne reste que très peu de temps dans le sud de l’Italie, car son père est mobilisé et sa famille doit déménager dans le nord à Cuneo, puis à Turin. À la fin de la guerre, la famille Dulbeco s'ins - talle à Imperia en Ligurie. -
The March of Dimes and Polio: Lessons in Vaccine Advocacy for Health Educators
Feature Article The March of Dimes and Polio: Lessons in Vaccine Advocacy for Health Educators Dawn Larsen ABSTRACT The polio vaccine became available in 1955, due almost entirely to the efforts of the March of Dimes. In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt gave a public face to polio and mounted a campaign to prevent it, establishing the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1938. During the Depression, U.S. citizens were asked to contribute one dime. Entertainer Eddie Cantor suggested the name the March of Dimes, paraphrasing the popular newsreel “The March of Time.” Jonas Salk advocated a killed-virus vaccine while Albert Sabin proposed a live-virus vaccine. Both competed for both recognition and funding from the March of Dimes. In 1955 Salk’s vaccine was adopted, nationwide vaccination programs were implemented, and polio rates dropped by 80 percent. In 1961, Sabin’s vaccine, endorsed by the American Medical Association, became the vaccine of choice. The World Health Assembly advocated polio eradication by the year 2000. By 2004 eradication efforts were threatened by allegations linking vaccines to chronic diseases. Immunization dropped and polio resurfaced in the U.S., Australia, Africa and Russia. Research linking vaccines to chronic disease was dis- credited, but vaccine opponents remain active. Health educators are well positioned to mitigate damage caused by the anti-vaccine movement and address barriers to immunization efforts. Larsen D. The March of Dimes and polio: lessons in vaccine advocacy for health educators. Am J Health Educ. 2012;43(1):47-54. Submitted May 30, 2011. Accepted July 9, 2011. In 2008, The March of Dimes cel- prenatal health promotion programs, and of the virus that has been ranked second ebrated its 70th anniversary. -
Understanding Genetics: DNA, Genes, and Their Real-World Applications Parts I & II Professor David Sadava
Understanding Genetics: DNA, Genes, and Their Real-World Applications Parts I & II Professor David Sadava THE TEACHING COMPANY ® Table of Contents Understanding Genetics: DNA, Genes, and Their Real-World Applications Professor Biography..............................................................................................................................................iii Course Scope...........................................................................................................................................................1 Lecture One Our Inheritance...................................................................................................................................2 Lecture Two Mendel and Genes..............................................................................................................................4 Lecture Three Genes and Chromosomes................................................................................................................7 Lecture Four The Search for the Gene—DNA.......................................................................................................9 Lecture Five DNA Structure and Replication.......................................................................................................12 Lecture Six DNA Expression in Proteins..............................................................................................................14 Lecture Seven Genes, Enzymes, and Metabolism.................................................................................................17 -
Book of Essays by Young Scie
Lasker Foundation and Diamonstein-Spielvogel Foundation Publish Book of Essays by Young Scientists Young scientists share personal stories of the legendary biomedical researchers and mentors who inspired their careers (New York City – November 10, 2020) – The Lasker Foundation and the Diamonstein- Spielvogel Foundation today announced the publication of “Inspiration: Young Scientists Reflect” edited by author, and advocate, Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel. The publication also honors the 75th Anniversary of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, and the 25th Anniversary of the PEN America/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Art of the Essay Award. It includes a foreword, commissioned by the Diamonstein-Spielvogel Foundation, by author, journalist, and M.D., Rivka Galchen, who explores the history of the essay form and its early development by 16th century French humanist and philosopher Michel de Montaigne. It also contains a tribute to the PEN America/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Art of the Essay Award, by PEN America, the organization which stands at the intersection of literature and human rights to protect open expression in the United States and worldwide. The 11 essays in the booklet are the winning submissions to the 2020 Lasker Essay Contest, an annual global competition that engages young scientists and clinicians in discussion about the role of biomedical research in our society today. This year, students and young researchers were asked to describe how a notable scientist had inspired them – through the scientist’s personality, life experiences, and/or through their scientific contributions. The Lasker Foundation received over 300 submissions to the Contest. “These essays reflect the altruism of senior scientists as they guide younger men and women in the field and the power of mentorship in helping trainees define their endeavors in biomedical careers,” said Claire Pomeroy, president of the Lasker Foundation. -
Article the Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol on Vascular
Article The Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol on Vascular Access Patency: Post Hoc Analysis of the Study of Heart and Renal Protection William Herrington, Jonathan Emberson, Natalie Staplin, Lisa Blackwell, Bengt Fellstro¨m, Robert Walker, Adeera Levin, Lai Seong Hooi, Ziad A. Massy, Vladimir Tesar, Christina Reith, Richard Haynes, Colin Baigent, and Martin J. Landray on behalf of the SHARP Investigators Due to the number of contributing authors, Abstract the affiliations are Background and objectives Reducing LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) with statin-based therapy reduces the risk of provided in the major atherosclerotic events among patients with CKD, including dialysis patients, but the effect of lowering Supplemental LDL-C on vascular access patency is unclear. Material. Design, setting, participants, & measurements The Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) randomized Correspondence: Dr. Martin J. Landray, patients with CKD to 20 mg simvastatin plus 10 mg ezetimibe daily versus matching placebo. This study aimed to Clinical Trial Service explore the effects of treatment on vascular access occlusive events, defined as any access revision procedure, Unit and access thrombosis, removal of an old dialysis access, or formation of new permanent dialysis access. Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Results Among 2353 SHARP participants who had functioning vascular access at randomization, allocation to Department of Population Health, simvastatin plus ezetimibe resulted in a 13% proportional reduction in vascular access occlusive events (355 Richard Doll Building, [29.7%] for simvastatin/ezetimibe versus 388 [33.5%] for placebo; risk ratio [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval Old Road Campus, [95% CI], 0.75 to 1.00; P=0.05). -
Presidential Handwriting, 1/5/1977 (1)” of the Presidential Handwriting File at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box C54, folder “Presidential Handwriting, 1/5/1977 (1)” of the Presidential Handwriting File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box C54 of The Presidential Handwriting File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON , MEDAL OF FREEDOM CANDIDATES Art & Architecture v Alexander Calder* '~Georgia O'Keefe* Norman Rockwell Athletics v"Joe DiMaggio Business J. Willard Marriott, Sr. Scholarship & Education ~orman E. Borlaug vwill and Ariel Durant v Bruce Catton Science & Engineering v/John Bar de en* /James D. Watson Theology & Religion Spencer Kimball Communications Lowell Thomas* Vermont C. Royster Labor 'v I. w. Abel Law v Judge Henry Friendly Erwin N. Griswold Literature /Archibald MacLeish* '<James Michener* II National Security / \ .· Arleigh Burke Y/Omar Nelson Bradley * Wilber M. Brucker Performing Arts \_./Irving Berlin ~ing Crosby (Harry Lillis) v Arthur Fiedler* Mrs. Jouett Shouse Public Service George S. Aiken Mike Mansfield John Sherman Cooper Henry Cabot Lodge George Pratt Shultz* Medicine Rene Dubos Jonas Salk Albert Sabin *Denotes candidates who drew heavy support from within the White House staff . -
THE BLUE CARD CALENDAR 5 7 8 1 the BLUE CARD Is a Charitable Organization That Has Been Aiding Holocaust Survivors Since 1934
THE BLUE CARD CALENDAR 5 7 8 1 THE BLUE CARD is a charitable organization that has been aiding Holocaust survivors since 1934. It is dedicated to the support of European Jewish survivors and their descendants in this country, who still suffer from the aftereffects of Nazi persecution, are sick or emotionally unstable, have been unable to achieve economic independence, or have lost it through sickness or old age; in many cases the Holocaust has deprived them of family. The Blue Card’s activities aren’t duplicated by any other Jewish welfare agencies. During the year 2019, The Blue Card distributed nearly $2.7 million. This brings the grant total since The Blue Card’s inception to over $40 million. THE BLUE CARD continues to receive four-star ratings from Charity Navigator, a distinction awarded to only four percent of all charities. The Blue Card is Better Business Bureau (BBB) accredited. THE BLUE CARD mirrors the social conscience of our community. We hope it will be important to you, and that you will remember it in your last will. Your contribution is fully tax deductible. THE BLUE CARD has been publishing this calendar for its friends and friends-to-be for more than 50 years in order to remind them, throughout the year, that there is an organization which is always ready to render assistance to our neediest. PLEASE SEE the inside back cover of this calendar for more information about The Blue Card. A copy of the most recent financial report may be obtained from The Blue Card, Inc., 171 Madison Ave. -
SABIN VACCINE REPORT the Newsletter of the Albert B
SABIN VACCINE REPORT the newsletter of the Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute at Georgetown University Volume I, Number 2, December 1998 In This Issue Sabin Institute Scientist Honored Joseph A. Bellanti Receives Award BY JOHN CLYMER ognizes a pioneer in translational medicine, a physician- scientist who has the rare skills to turn new medical Travelers Warning: Sabin scientist Joseph A. Bellanti, a Georgetown knowledge into therapies and preventive measures that pediatrician and vaccine researcher, received the 1998 Health precautions for those benefit patients. Joe Bellanti was a leading light in trans- State University of New York at Buffalo Distinguished venturing overseas lational research long before the term ‘translational re- Medical Alumnus award in recognition of his long ca- search’ was coined,” Shepherd said. 3 reer as a teacher, researcher, and practitioner. In 1975, Bellanti founded the International Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Immunology at The Albert Sabin Archives A Most Prestigious Award Georgetown University Medical Center. Under his di- 3 “I am both honored and humbled,” Bellanti rection, more than 300 physicians from all over the world told medical school alumni, officials, and guests who have received research and specialty training. He and his Special Report gathered for a dinner in his honor in September on the colleagues are prolific contributors to scientific litera- from Geneva: Buffalo campus. “Medicine is about reducing human ture, particularly in the area of vaccine development and Progress at the Childrens suffering. I hope that being selected for this award means immune response to infectious diseases. Vaccine Initiative 1998 that over the course of my career I have in some small “Perspective is essential,” Bellanti commented.