The Jordan Report 20Th Anniversary: Accelerated Development Of
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Facts About Childhood Immunizations
Facts About Childhood Immunizations Why Are Immunizations Important for All Children? Prior to widespread immunization in the United States, infectious diseases killed or disabled thousands of children each year. The near elimination of intellectual disabilities due to measles encephalitis, congenital rubella syndrome, and Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis or Hib can be contributed to vaccines (Alexander, 2000). Because the vaccines are so effective in preventing childhood diseases, many have forgotten how serious it is for children to get them. Today, viruses and bacteria that What Is The Arc’s Position? cause vaccine-preventable disease and death still exist and can be passed on to people Prevention programs who are not protected by vaccines. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, must include mandatory 2000a). immunizations for children for all preventable contaigous diseases. Read the full Position Which Childhood Diseases May Cause Intellectual Statement at http://www.thearc. Disability? org/page.aspx?pid=2384 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), brain damage For more information: may occur when a child catches pertussis (whooping cough), measles, mumps, Hib CDC National Immunization disease, or varicella (chicken pox). Rubella affects pregnant women who have a 90 Information Hotline: 1-800-CDC- INFO (English) or www.cdc.gov/ percent chance of having a baby with serious birth defects and intellectual disabilities vaccines/ if they get the disease early in pregnancy (CDC 2000a). The disease is usually mild in children. Immunization Action Coalition: www.immunize.org. Encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain, is the cause of brain damage in pertus- sis, measles and mumps. -
2004 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Address Delivered by Award Recipient William S
2004 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Address Delivered by Award Recipient William S. Jordan, Jr., M.D. With a Tribute by John R. LaMontagne, Ph.D. May 25, 2004 Arlington, Virginia INTRODUCTION by H.R. Shepherd, D.Sc. Chairman, The Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute he Sabin Vaccine Institute pursues Dr. Albert B. Sabin’s vision of a T world protected from disease by vaccines. The annual awarding of the Sabin Gold Medal has always been among our most meaningful traditions. The 2004 award was presented in May to an icon in vaccine research, William S. Jordan, Jr., M.D., at a ceremony in Arlington, Virginia, during the 7th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, co-organized by the Sabin Vaccine Institute. The positive impact of vaccines on the health and well being of humanity continues to be a marvel of our modern world. Vaccine improvements, new vaccines, and vaccines in the pipeline represent an advancing field of science that brings untold preventive benefit to millions around the world. Along with his career in vaccine research, Dr. Jordan has engaged in compiling the record of scientific advancements in the field. His name is synonymous with both vaccine research and the compendium—The Jordan Report—that for 25 years has been a repository for advances in the vaccine field. The Sabin Gold Medal Advisory Committee, chaired by Maj. Gen. Philip K. Russell, M.D. (USA Ret.), selected Dr. Jordan for this honor after canvassing 300 members of the scientific community. We are pleased to recognize Dr. Jordan with this honor, noting his exemplary contributions in the vaccine field and commitment to lifesaving medical discoveries. -
Modelling Immunization Strategies with Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Candidates
Epidemiol. Infect. (2011), 139, 1818–1826. f Cambridge University Press 2011 doi:10.1017/S0950268811000343 Modelling immunization strategies with cytomegalovirus vaccine candidates R.S. AZEVEDO1* AND M. AMAKU2 1 Departamento de Patologia & LIM 01 HC, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil 2 Departamento de Medicina Veterina´ria Preventiva e Sau´de Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterina´ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil (Accepted 16 February 2011; first published online 14 March 2011) SUMMARY In order to analyse the impact of vaccination against cytomegalovirus (CMV) on congenital infection incidence using current vaccines tested in phase II clinical trials, we simulated different scenarios by mathematical modelling, departing from the current vaccine characteristics, varying age at vaccination, immunity waning, vaccine efficacy and mixing patterns. Our results indicated that the optimal age for a single vaccination interval is from 2 to 6 months if there is no immunity waning. Congenital infection may increase if vaccine-induced immunity wanes before 20 years. Congenital disease should increase further when the mixing pattern includes transmission among children with a short duration of protection vaccine. Thus, the best vaccination strategy is a combined schedule: before age 1 year plus a second dose at 10–11 years. For CMV vaccines with low efficacy, such as the current ones, universal vaccination against CMV should be considered for infants and teenagers. Key words: Cytomegalovirus vaccine, immunity waning, immunization strategies, modelling. INTRODUCTION adolescence, when seroprevalence increases again [1, 2]. These observations suggest that the force of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may be the cause of infection, defined as the per capita rate at which mental retardation and deafness in newborns, infec- susceptible individuals acquire infection, may be re- tious mononucleosis syndrome in young adults, and presented by a bimodal pattern. -
Stanley A. Plotkin, MD
55936.qxp 3/10/09 4:27 PM Page 4 Stanley A. Plotkin, MD Recipient of the 2009 Maxwell Finland Award for Scientific Achievement hysician, scientist, scholar—Stanley Plotkin Dr. Plotkin was born in New York City. His father was a has successfully juggled all three roles during commercial telegrapher. His mother, who occasionally his decades of service. filled in as an accountant, mostly stayed home with Stanley PFrom his first job following graduation from and his younger sister, Brenda. At age 15, Stanley, a student medical school as an intern at Cleveland Met- at the Bronx High School of Science, discovered what he ropolitan General Hospital to his present role as consultant wanted to do with his life. After reading the novel Arrow - to the vaccine manufacturer sanofi pasteur, Dr. Plotkin has smith by Sinclair Lewis and the nonfictional work Microbe explored the world of infectious diseases and Hunters by Paul de Kruif—two books about sci- has been actively involved in developing some entists battling diseases—Stanley set his sights of the most potent vaccines against those dis- on becoming a physician and a research scien- eases. tist. “Dr. Plotkin has been a tireless advocate for Dr. Plotkin graduated from New York Uni- the protection of humans, and children in par- versity in 1952 and obtained a medical degree ticular, from preventable infectious diseases. at Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn. He His lifetime of work on vaccines has led to pro- was a resident in pediatrics at the Children’s found reductions in both morbidity and mortality not only Hospital of Philadelphia and at the Hospital for Sick Chil- in the United States, but throughout the world,” says Vi- dren in London. -
Mrna Vaccine: a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Yang Wang† , Ziqi Zhang† , Jingwen Luo† , Xuejiao Han† , Yuquan Wei and Xiawei Wei*
Wang et al. Molecular Cancer (2021) 20:33 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-021-01311-z REVIEW Open Access mRNA vaccine: a potential therapeutic strategy Yang Wang† , Ziqi Zhang† , Jingwen Luo† , Xuejiao Han† , Yuquan Wei and Xiawei Wei* Abstract mRNA vaccines have tremendous potential to fight against cancer and viral diseases due to superiorities in safety, efficacy and industrial production. In recent decades, we have witnessed the development of different kinds of mRNAs by sequence optimization to overcome the disadvantage of excessive mRNA immunogenicity, instability and inefficiency. Based on the immunological study, mRNA vaccines are coupled with immunologic adjuvant and various delivery strategies. Except for sequence optimization, the assistance of mRNA-delivering strategies is another method to stabilize mRNAs and improve their efficacy. The understanding of increasing the antigen reactiveness gains insight into mRNA-induced innate immunity and adaptive immunity without antibody-dependent enhancement activity. Therefore, to address the problem, scientists further exploited carrier-based mRNA vaccines (lipid-based delivery, polymer-based delivery, peptide-based delivery, virus-like replicon particle and cationic nanoemulsion), naked mRNA vaccines and dendritic cells-based mRNA vaccines. The article will discuss the molecular biology of mRNA vaccines and underlying anti-virus and anti-tumor mechanisms, with an introduction of their immunological phenomena, delivery strategies, their importance on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related clinical trials against cancer and viral diseases. Finally, we will discuss the challenge of mRNA vaccines against bacterial and parasitic diseases. Keywords: mRNA vaccine, Self-amplifying RNA, Non-replicating mRNA, Modification, Immunogenicity, Delivery strategy, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, Clinical trials, Antibody-dependent enhancement, Dendritic cell targeting Introduction scientists are seeking to develop effective cancer vac- A vaccine stimulates the immune response of the body’s cines. -
ALTIMMUNE, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter)
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 ☐ Transition Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-32587 ALTIMMUNE, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 20-2726770 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 910 Clopper Road, Suite 201S, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (240) 654-1450 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share ALT The NASDAQ Global Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. -
Letter to President Trump
February 7, 2017 President Donald J. Trump The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. President: On behalf of organizations representing families, providers, researchers, patients, and consumers, we write to express our unequivocal support for the safety of vaccines. Vaccines protect the health of children and adults and save lives. They prevent life-threatening diseases, including forms of cancer. Vaccines have been part of the fabric of our society for decades and are one of the most significant medical innovations of our time. Because of the introduction of mass vaccinations, smallpox was declared eradicated from the world in 1977. Polio, a disease that routinely afflicted 13,000 to 20,000 Americans every year in the United States before the availability of the vaccine, was officially eliminated from the Western Hemisphere in 1991. Globally, vaccines prevent the deaths of roughly 2.5 million children per year.1 And, data shows that just for children born in the United States in 2009, routine childhood immunizations will prevent approximately 42,000 early deaths and 20 million cases of disease with savings of more than $82 billion in societal costs.2 Although vaccines are the safest and most cost-effective way of preventing disease, disability and death, this country still witnesses outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, as highlighted by the measles outbreak at Disneyland in 2014. In 2012, 48,277 cases of pertussis (whooping cough) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including 20 pertussis-related deaths.3 This was the most reported cases of pertussis since 1955. -
Resiquimod As an Immunologic Adjuvant for NY-ESO-1 Protein
Published OnlineFirst January 29, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0202 Research Article Cancer Immunology Research Resiquimod as an Immunologic Adjuvant for NY-ESO-1 Protein Vaccination in Patients with High-Risk Melanoma Rachel Lubong Sabado1,2, Anna Pavlick1, Sacha Gnjatic2,3, Crystal M. Cruz1, Isabelita Vengco1, Farah Hasan1, Meredith Spadaccia1, Farbod Darvishian4, Luis Chiriboga4, Rose Marie Holman1, Juliet Escalon1, Caroline Muren1, Crystal Escano1, Ethel Yepes1, Dunbar Sharpe1, John P.Vasilakos5, Linda Rolnitzsky6, Judith D. Goldberg6, John Mandeli2, Sylvia Adams1, Achim Jungbluth7, Linda Pan3, Ralph Venhaus3, Patrick A. Ott1,8, and Nina Bhardwaj1,2,4 Abstract The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist resiquimod has been vaccine regimens were generally well tolerated. NY-ESO-1–specific used as an immune adjuvant in cancer vaccines. We evaluated the humoral responses were induced or boosted in all patients, many safety and immunogenicity of the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 of whom had high titer antibodies. In part II, 16 of 20 patients in þ þ given in combination with Montanide (Seppic) with or without both arms had NY-ESO-1–specificCD4 T-cell responses. CD8 T- resiquimod in patients with high-risk melanoma. In part I of the cell responses were only seen in 3 of 12 patients in arm B. Patients study, patients received 100 mg of full-length NY-ESO-1 protein with TLR7 SNP rs179008 had a greater likelihood of developing þ emulsified in 1.25 mL of Montanide (day 1) followed by topical NY-ESO-1–specificCD8 responses. In conclusion, NY-ESO-1 application of 1,000 mg of 0.2% resiquimod gel on days 1 and 3 protein in combination with Montanide with or without topical þ (cohort 1) versus days 1, 3, and 5 (cohort 2) of a 21-day cycle. -
Poliomyelitis in the Lone Star State
POLIOMYELITIS IN THE LONE STAR STATE: A BRIEF EXAMINATION IN RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Master of Arts By Jason C. Lee San Marcos, Texas December, 2005 Insert signature page here ii COPYRIGHT By Jason Chu Lee 2005 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It leaves me in a stupor to contemplate all those I have to thank for aiding me in this effort. If I leave anybody out, please accept my most humble apologies, as the list is long. I will be the first to admit that this work is flawed, despite the best efforts of my committee to save me from myself. Had I utilized them more, this piece would only be improved. I had never undertaken a project of this scope before and though I believe I have accomplished much, the experience has been humbling. Never again will I utter the phrase, “just a thesis.” My biggest thanks go out to Dr. Mary Brennan, my committee chair and mentor. Without her guidance I most certainly would have needed to take comprehensive finals to graduate. She helped me salvage weeks of research that I thought had no discernable use. But Dr. Brennan, despite her very, very busy schedule with the department and her family, still found the time to help me find my thesis in all the data. She is well loved in the department for obvious reasons, as she has a gift for being firm and professional while remaining compassionate. Dr. James Wilson and Dr. -
Dr Sabin's Legacy to the World Jaime Sepulveda
World Health • 46th Year, No . 3, Moy-June 1993 IS Dr Sabin's legacy to the world Jaime Sepulveda oliomyelitis has been eradicated Poliomyelitis acquired epidemic from the Americas and other proportions in the Americas at the end Pareas, and is expected to be of the last century, mainly in the most eliminated from the world by 1995. developed regions. In Mexico, the first This outstanding achievement has epidemic outbreaks started in the been made possible thanks to the 1940s and caused many victims. The availability of an excellent vaccine oral poliovaccine was made available coupled with successful vaccination in Mexico in the early 1960s. programmes. Few actions in public Coverage was low then, and mainly health have become so deservedly concentrated among well-to-do prestigious as the vaccination children. In the 1970s, a new national campatgns. programme reached much greater The first major achievement of the numbers of children and poliomyelitis immunization effort was the cases began to drop. eradication from the world of However, it was not until1985 that smallpox in the late 1970s. But the a new polio immunization initiative success with smallpox is only the took place, with the goal of reaching all children, regardless of social status Or Albert Bruce Sobin, who perfected the first most visible component of all the viable live vaccine against polio. many benefits conferred by or geographic location. This new immunization programmes strategy, focusing on "National worldwide. Not only have they Vaccination Days", was originally brought about the survival of children proposed by Professor Albert Sabin, who would otherwise have died; they the US scientist who developed the have greatly enhanced the quality of oral poliomyelitis vaccine. -
Robert Purcell: Okay
Office of NIH History Oral History Interview with Dr. Robert H. Purcell (NIAID, LID) Conducted on December 7, 2005, by Dr. Lisa K. Walker At the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Abstract: Dr. Purcell describes his education and training, his early career in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, and his work since he has headed LID studies of hepatitis viruses. He describes how the LID broadened its work, from a focus on viruses causing respiratory diseases through the early 1960s, to include hepatitis as well as gastroenteritis viruses. He also discusses internal collaborations at NIH and extramural collaborations, and many of the chance findings and coincidences that helped to further study of hepatitis and control of infection. Dr. Purcell also comments on how advances in technology and instrumentation have influenced the study of hepatitis viruses. Lisa Walker: I would like to start out by hearing a little bit about your growing up, and your family and your decisions as you entered university and training in chemistry to begin with. Robert Purcell: Okay. I was born in Iowa and moved to Texas when I was six months old, and spent my first nine years in Dallas, Texas. Then my family moved to rural Oklahoma, and that’s where I lived until I finished college and then went off to medical school. I guess I developed an interest in science from my brother, who was in college and was taking science courses, [and] who would come home with interesting little tidbits about things, and that really kind of excited me. The school I went to, since it was in rural Oklahoma, actually was a minimal school. -
November 3, 1998, NIH Record, Vol. L, No. 22
R E C 0 R Still The Second Best Thing About Payday Budding Young Scientists Aim HI H.t: 1 G H Life, Death and Everything in Between For the Stars Research Festival 12 a Big Draw By Kimberly C. Mitchell Ever heard a 10-year-old kid describe the Research Festival t was as if some giant had grabbed the NIH campus by the mechanics of jet propulsion? Or the Packs 'em In corner up near the firehouse on Old Georgetown Rd. and tilted principles behind refracted light? That's Iit so that everything slid helplessly toward the Natcher Bldg. what some Now THAT's a Oct. 6-9 as the twelfth version of Research Festival (originally youngsters Budget! only a daylong event) drew many can do after hundreds of NIH'ers to a ravishing feast spending 6 of intramural science. For a 3-day months in stretch, Natcher and its environs were to Eleven Elevate to science what Bethesda is to restaurants the AAAS Fellowhood Adventure a teeming smorgasbord of tasty possibili in Science ties. (AIS) It became almost comical, after a day or program. Get Ready for two, to see literally hundreds of pre-, Quality of Work . .... From post- and postpostdocs fleeing the , Life Week Dr. Rebecca Hackett helps a October to crowded morning plenary sessions for student prepare to measure March of one of dozens of workshops held in NASA Administrator the uptake of water and each year, various nooks and warrens within the nutrients through the root Daniel Goldin opens sprawling Natcher complex. All adopted these young session on origins of /ife.