Nanotechnologies
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Randal Koene Page 3
CRYONICS 4th Quarter 2019 | Vol 40, Issue 4 www.alcor.org Scholar Profile: Randal Koene page 3 Cryonics in China and Australia Cryonics and Public Skepticism: page 19 Meeting The Challenges to Our Credibility page 24 CRYONICS Editorial Board Contents Saul Kent Ralph C. Merkle, Ph.D. R. Michael Perry, Ph.D. 3 Scholar Profile: Randal Koene Accomplished neuroscientist and founder of the only dedicated Editor whole brain emulation nonprofit in existence, Dr. Randal Koene Aschwin de Wolf is no stranger to standing out. Responsible for coining the term Contributing Writers that put this niche but growing field on the map, Koene is working Ben Best hard to make humans more adaptable than ever before. In his Randal Koene R. Michael Perry, Ph.D. vision of the future, minds will be substrate-independent, with Nicole Weinstock full or even enhanced functioning on a limitless and changing Aschwin de Wolf menu of platforms. Copyright 2019 by Alcor Life Extension Foundation 19 Cryonics in China and Australia All rights reserved. Ben Reports on the emerging cryonics industry in China and the plans to create a Reproduction, in whole or part, new cryonics organization in Australia. without permission is prohibited. 24 FOR THE RECORD Cryonics magazine is published Cryonics and Public Skepticism: Meeting the Challenges to Our quarterly. Credibility Cryonics has been viewed with skepticism or hostility by some, including some Please note: If you change your scientists, ever since it started in the 1960s, even though (we like to remind the address less than a month before the naysayers) its intended basis is strictly scientific. -
A Voyage Through Scales Zoom Into a Cloud
vv Blöschl A VOYAGE T THROUGH SCALES est. 2002 hybo Günter Blöschl Hans Thybo S Hubert Savenije avenije A VOY A GE THROUGH SC GE THROUGH A VOYAGE THROUGH SCALES Zoom into a cloud. Zoom out of a rock. Watch The Earth System in Space and Time the volcano explode, the lightning strike, an aurora undulate. Imagine ice A sheets expanding, retreating – pulsating – while continents continue their LES leisurely collisions. Everywhere there are structures within structures … within structures. A Voyage Through Scales is an invitation to contemplate the Earth’s extraordinary variability extending from milliseconds to billions of years, from microns to the size of the universe. T he E arth S ystem in ystem S pace and pace T ime est. 2002 T 2 A Voyage Through Scales A Voyage Through Scales 3L A VOYAGE THROUGH SCALES The Earth System in Space and Time T 4 A Voyage Through Scales A Voyage Through Scales L1 PREFACE Patterns of billions of stars on the night skies, cloud patterns, sea ice whirling in the ocean, rivers meandering in the landscape, vegetation patterns on hillslopes, minerals glittering in the sun, and the remains of miniature crea- tures in rocks – they all reveal themselves as complex patterns from the scale of the universe down to the molecu- lar level. A voyage through space scales. From a molten Earth to a solid crust, the evolution and extinction of species, climate fluctuations, continents moving around, the growth and decay of ice sheets, the water cycle wearing down mountain ranges, volcanoes exploding, forest fires, avalanches, sudden chemical reactions – constant change taking place over billions of years down to milliseconds. -
Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties
ISBN 0 85403 604 0 © The Royal Society 2004 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1998), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the appropriate reproduction rights organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to: Science Policy Section The Royal Society 6–9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG email [email protected] Typeset in Frutiger by the Royal Society Proof reading and production management by the Clyvedon Press, Cardiff, UK Printed by Latimer Trend Ltd, Plymouth, UK ii | July 2004 | Nanoscience and nanotechnologies The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties Contents page Summary vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Hopes and concerns about nanoscience and nanotechnologies 1 1.2 Terms of reference and conduct of the study 2 1.3 Report overview 2 1.4 Next steps 3 2 What are nanoscience and nanotechnologies? 5 3 Science and applications 7 3.1 Introduction 7 3.2 Nanomaterials 7 3.2.1 Introduction to nanomaterials 7 3.2.2 Nanoscience in this area 8 3.2.3 Applications 10 3.3 Nanometrology -
Chapter 3 Green Grass, Red Blood, Blueprint
Chapter 3 Green grass, red blood, blueprint: reflections on life, self-replication, and evolution M. Ciofalo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Nucleare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy. Abstract Following pioneering work by von Neumann in the late 1940s, the goal of achieving self- replication in artefacts has been pursued by a variety of approaches, involving either virtual entities like cellular automata and computer programs or, to a lesser extent, real physical devices. An ample review of the major achievements in these diverse fields is given, and their practical and theoretical relevance is discussed. Possible future developments, notably regarding nanotech- nology and space exploration, are also outlined. The most relevant theoretical problems posed by self-replication are discussed in the light of current knowledge regarding life and its origins. Living entities are semiotic systems, in which physical structures have come to perform symbolic functions. The great complexity of biomolecules and of even the most primitive organisms is not a gratuitous complication, but a necessary condition for homeostasis, self-replication and open- ended evolution in a changing environment. Such requisites will have to be matched by artificial devices if their non-trivial self-replication and autonomous development are to be attained. 1 Of crystals and colloids Wordsworth’s God had his dwelling in the light of setting suns. But the God who dwells there seems to me most probably the God of the atom, the star, and the crystal. Mine, if I have one, reveals Himself in another class of phenomena. He makes the grass green and the blood red. (J.W. Krutch, 1950, [1]) The lines in the epigraph are excerpted from the famous essay ‘The colloid and the crystal’, written in 1950 by the American literary naturalist Joseph Wood Krutch. -
Clinical Update
Clinical Update Femtosecond Laser Brings New Level of Precision to Cataract Procedures The femtosecond laser has increased the the time the eye is open and eases stress on accuracy of the most common surgical the eye’s internal structures. And with such procedure in the United States, according to accuracy at our disposal, we anticipate the laser the surgeon who was instrumental in bringing will open new avenues of treatment that have the advanced tool to the UCLA Stein Eye never been possible before.” Institute last year. Surgeons at Stein Eye have been using the The Alcon LenSx, now used for precision cataract femtosecond laser to assist with several procedures at the Institute’s outpatient surgical steps of cataract surgery, including corneal center, emits optical pulses at the unimaginably incisions to remove the cataract and manage short duration of a femtosecond––one-millionth astigmatism, lens softening, and making an of one-billionth of a second. opening in the capsular bag. “A femtosecond laser can be thought of as For cataract procedures, the femtosecond laser a microscalpel, incising the cornea and lens system is gently docked to the patient’s eye capsule and breaking up the cataract on a and optical coherence tomography imaging Dr. Kevin Miller uses the Alcon LenSx femtosecond laser microscopic scale with an incredible level is used to map the eye’s internal structures. to assist with several steps of cataract surgery, under of precision,” says Kevin M. Miller, MD, Before the operation, the surgeon programs imaging guidance. The femtosecond laser enables Kolokotrones Chair in Ophthalmology. “With the location and size of the incisions as well physicians in the UCLA Stein Eye Institute’s new outpatient surgical center to operate more efficiently a femtosecond laser, I can operate more as the region of the lens to be softened. -
An Ultrasound Portrait of the Embryonic Universe by an Dre W E, Lange
\'1t han~ a cle" \,ICW. ha c k to that moment turn", , ransparcn!. By analog In cosmic h"'StofY when lh·e Ulll,-. .. rSIe y !O a human lifetime .. afler concepdon_b. rh,s IS about six hours r t,orc tht· l Yt;ore• has di"idt-d r:or t IIt fnst. time. ,. H~I~i!lI~G & \ { I E Nt E ... J !OOO An Ultrasound Portrait of the Embryonic Universe by An dre w E, Lange I've been working wirh relescopes carried aloft In fact, the woodcut is preny accurate-there by balloons since I was a graduate studem, We'd is a beyond, and in order to lead yo u to it, [ 'II have launch chern from Palestine, Texas , and my job to take you on a brief and rarher Caltech·cemric was to dri ve like a bat Oll[ of hell all night long tOur of modern cosmology. (That's nor hard to do, to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to sec up rhe downrange beclluse Gltech has played a remarkably impor srarion, Then, when che balloon lost mdio coman ram role,) ['II talk llbom three seminal observa with Texas, I could receive rhe data in Alabama, tions. The fiTS[ was made by Edwin H ubble L ~ft: What would w~ s~e if And, as will nor surprise my wife, I was frequeml y at the t.k Wilson Observatory, which overlooks we (ould look beyond the scoPlx·d for spel1:ling--once in Louisiana, which is Pasadena, in 1929, Seveml people, narably Vesco visible heavens? something you never, ever want to have happen to Melvin Slipher, had noticed that the galaxies out you. -
Molecular Nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Molecular nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_manufacturing Molecular nanotechnology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Molecular manufacturing) Part of the article series on Molecular nanotechnology (MNT) is the concept of Nanotechnology topics Molecular Nanotechnology engineering functional mechanical systems at the History · Implications Applications · Organizations molecular scale.[1] An equivalent definition would be Molecular assembler Popular culture · List of topics "machines at the molecular scale designed and built Mechanosynthesis Subfields and related fields atom-by-atom". This is distinct from nanoscale Nanorobotics Nanomedicine materials. Based on Richard Feynman's vision of Molecular self-assembly Grey goo miniature factories using nanomachines to build Molecular electronics K. Eric Drexler complex products (including additional Scanning probe microscopy Engines of Creation Nanolithography nanomachines), this advanced form of See also: Nanotechnology Molecular nanotechnology [2] nanotechnology (or molecular manufacturing ) Nanomaterials would make use of positionally-controlled Nanomaterials · Fullerene mechanosynthesis guided by molecular machine systems. MNT would involve combining Carbon nanotubes physical principles demonstrated by chemistry, other nanotechnologies, and the molecular Nanotube membranes machinery Fullerene chemistry Applications · Popular culture Timeline · Carbon allotropes Nanoparticles · Quantum dots Colloidal gold · Colloidal -
An Abstract Scripting Language for Assembly of Mechanical Nanocomputer Architectures
MolML: An Abstract Scripting Language for Assembly of Mechanical Nanocomputer Architectures Bryan W. Wagner and Thomas P. Way Applied Computing Technology Laboratory Department of Computing Sciences Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Sizes of computer components are reaching nanoscale dimensions, causing physical limitations to be met in traditional computer architectures. This study surveys the field of alternative nanocomputer architectures, including the nano-mechanical computational machines first proposed by Eric Drexler. A high-level XML programming language, MolML, is introduced as a scripting language for hydrocarbon assembly of mechanical nanocomputers. Keywords: Nanocomputer, hydrocarbon assembler, scripting, simulation 1. Introduction As Moore’s Law continues to predict the trend of continually increasing densities of transistors on ever diminishing surface dimensions, components for computer architectures are rapidly approaching sizes that can be measured in nanometers, one billionth of a meter. However, as silicon transistors become measurable on the nanoscale, certain physical properties hinder their ability to function properly as they do on the macroscale. Among these well-known physical limitations are leakage, threshold voltage control, tunneling, electro-migration, high interconnect resistance, and crosstalk. These issues can restrict electrical silicon transistor functionality to the extent that future computing designs will need to consider alternative materials and architectures [1]. Nanoscale computer architectures introduce other challenges as well. Processors are still manufactured using lithographic techniques. Lithography involves the use of a printing press to stamp, or otherwise etch or inscribe, a design into a smooth surface. Computer circuitry is constructed in this manner, and defective units are discarded. Thus, there is a probabilistic factor for error in the manufacturing process. -
Superfluidity at Room Temperature Extreme Cosmic Rays Reveal Clues to Origin
CERN Courier December 2017 CERN Courier December 2017 Sciencewatch Astrowatch C OMPILED BY J OHN S WAIN , N ORTHEASTERN U NIVERSITY C OMPILED BY M ERLIN K OLE , D EPARTMENT OF PARTICLE P HYSICS , U NIVERSITY OF G ENEVA Superfluidity at room temperature Extreme cosmic rays reveal clues to origin The energy spectrum of cosmic rays 90 A sky map in equatorial continuously bombarding the Earth spans 0.46 co-ordinates showing the Superfluidity, like superconductivity, is Interference fringes in a polariton many orders of magnitude, with the highest cosmic-ray flux above typically thought of as needing very low condensate as it transitions to a fluid with energy events topping 108 km 8 EeV, revealing a clear TeV. Where these –2 temperatures that alter the fundamental zero viscosity, from simulations. extreme particles come from, however, has sr dipole structure with a quantum-mechanical behaviour of materials. remained a mystery since their discovery 360 0 0.42 –1 significance of 5. 2σ. The yr Pierre Auger Collaboration Surprisingly, Giovanni Lerario of CNR thin amorphous layer of fluorescent organic more than 50 years ago. Now the Pierre Auger –1 galactic centre is marked NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology in material between them. A laser pulse collaboration has published results showing with an asterisk and the Italy and colleagues now report what appears creates a polariton flow with well-defined that the arrival direction of ultra-high-energy galactic plane is shown by to be superfluidity at room temperature. The energy, revealing itself as a superfluid by 0.38 cosmic rays (UHECRs) is far from uniform, –90 a dashed line. -
Nanotechnology and Preventive Arms Control Altmann, Jürgen
www.ssoar.info Nanotechnology and preventive arms control Altmann, Jürgen Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Forschungsbericht / research report Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: SSG Sozialwissenschaften, USB Köln Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Altmann, J. (2005). Nanotechnology and preventive arms control. (Forschung DSF, 3). Osnabrück: Deutsche Stiftung Friedensforschung. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-260275 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. -
Nanophysics and Nanotechnology
Nanophysics and Nanotechnology An Introduction to Modern Concepts in Nanoscience Bearbeitet von Edward L. Wolf 3. Auflage 2015. Buch. XX, 336 S. Kartoniert ISBN 978 3 527 41324 9 Format (B x L): 17 x 24,4 cm Gewicht: 722 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Technik Allgemein > Nanotechnologie Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. VII Contents Preface XV Glossary of abbreviations XVII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Nanometers, Micrometers, and Millimeters 3 1.1.1 Plenty of Room at the Bottom 4 1.1.2 Scaling the Xylophone 4 1.1.3 Reliability of Concepts and Approximate Parameter Values Down to About L = 10 nm (100 Atoms) 5 1.1.4 Nanophysics Built into the Properties of Bulk Matter 6 1.2 Moore’s Law 7 1.3 Esaki’s Quantum Tunneling Diode 9 1.4 QDs of Many Colors 10 1.5 GMR and TMR 100–1000 Gb Hard Drive “Read Heads” 11 1.6 Accelerometers in Your Car 14 1.7 Nanopore Filters 15 1.8 Nanoscale Elements in Traditional Technologies 15 References 16 2 Systematics of Making Things Smaller, Pre-quantum 17 2.1 Mechanical Frequencies Increase in Small Systems 17 2.2 Scaling Relations Illustrated by a Simple Harmonic Oscillator 20 2.3 Scaling Relations Illustrated by Simple Circuit -
Stochastic Model for the Chey-P Molarity in the Neighbourhood of E
Stochastic model for the CheY-P molarity in the neighbourhood of E. coli flagella motors G. Fier1, D. Hansmann∗1,2, and R. C. Buceta†1,2 1Instituto de Investigaciones F´ısicasde Mar del Plata, UNMdP and CONICET 2Departamento de F´ısica,FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Funes 3350, B7602AYL Mar del Plata, Argentina November 5, 2019 Abstract Escherichia coli serves as prototype for the study of peritrichous enteric bacteria that perform runs and tumbles alternately. Bacteria run forward as a result of the counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of their flagella bundle, which is located rearward, and perform tumbles when at least one of their flagella rotates clockwise (CW), moving away from the bundle. The flagella are hooked to molecular rotary motors of nanometric diameter able to make transitions between CCW and CW rotations that last up to one hundredth of a second. At the same time, flagella move or rotate the bacteria's body microscopically during lapses that range between a tenth and ten seconds. We assume that the transitions between CCW and CW rotations occur solely by fluctuations of CheY- P molarity in the presence of two threshold values, and that a veto rule selects the run or tumble motions. We present Langevin equations for the CheY-P molarity in the vicinity of each molecular motor. This model allows to obtain the run- or tumble-time distribution as a linear combination of decreasing exponentials that is a function of the steady molarity of CheY-P in the neighbourhood of the molecular motor, which fits experimental data. In turn, if the internal signaling system is unstimulated, we show that the runtime distributions reach power-law behaviour, a characteristic of self-organized systems, in some time range and, afterwards, exponential cutoff.