Pattern Stability and Error Correction During In-Phase and Antiphase Four-Ball Juggling Dessing, J.C.; Daffertshofer, A.; Peper, C.E.; Beek, P.J

VU Research Portal Pattern stability and error correction during in-phase and antiphase four-ball juggling Dessing, J.C.; Daffertshofer, A.; Peper, C.E.; Beek, P.J. published in Journal of Motor Behavior 2007 DOI (link to publisher) 10.3200/JMBR.39.5.433-448 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Dessing, J. C., Daffertshofer, A., Peper, C. E., & Beek, P. J. (2007). Pattern stability and error correction during in-phase and antiphase four-ball juggling. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39, 433-446. https://doi.org/10.3200/JMBR.39.5.433-448 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 This article was downloaded by: [Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam] On: 26 October 2012, At: 03:39 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Motor Behavior Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vjmb20 Pattern Stability and Error Correction During In-Phase and Antiphase Four-Ball Juggling Joost C. Dessing a , Andreas Daffertshofer a , C. (Lieke) E. Peper a & Peter J. Beek a a Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Version of record first published: 07 Aug 2010. To cite this article: Joost C. Dessing, Andreas Daffertshofer, C. (Lieke) E. Peper & Peter J. Beek (2007): Pattern Stability and Error Correction During In-Phase and Antiphase Four-Ball Juggling, Journal of Motor Behavior, 39:5, 433-446 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JMBR.39.5.433-448 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Journal of Motor Behavior, 2007, Vol. 39, No. 5, 433–446 Copyright © 2007 Heldref Publications Pattern Stability and Error Correction During In-Phase and Antiphase Four-Ball Juggling Joost C. Dessing Andreas Daffertshofer C. (Lieke) E. Peper Peter J. Beek Research Institute MOVE Faculty of Human Movement Sciences VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ABSTRACT. The authors studied pattern stability and error cor- a stable manner (e.g., Yamanishi, Kawato, & Suzuki, 1979; rection during in-phase and antiphase 4-ball fountain juggling. To Zanone & Kelso, 1992): in-phase coordination (originally obtain ball trajectories, they made and digitized high-speed film defined as simultaneous activation of homologous muscles) recordings of 4 highly skilled participants juggling at 3 different heights (and thus different frequencies). From those ball trajec- and antiphase coordination (alternating activation of homol- tories, the authors determined and analyzed critical events (i.e., ogous muscles). In general, in-phase coordination is more toss, zenith, catch, and toss onset) in terms of variability of point stable than antiphase coordination (e.g., Amazeen, Sternad, estimates of relative phase and temporal correlations. Contrary & Turvey, 1996; Baldissera, Cavallari, & Civaschi, 1982; to common findings on basic instances of rhythmic interlimb Cohen, 1971; Kelso, 1995). The differential stability is par- coordination, in-phase and antiphase patterns were equally vari- able (i.e., stable). Consistent with previous findings, however, ticularly evident when an antiphase pattern is performed at pattern stability decreased with increasing frequency. In contrast a gradually increasing tempo or movement frequency. The to previous results for 3-ball cascade juggling, negative lag-one increase in tempo may induce a loss of stability of antiphase correlations for catch–catch intervals were absent, but the authors coordination, followed by a spontaneous transition to an obtained evidence for error corrections between catches and toss in-phase pattern (e.g., Byblow, Carson, & Goodman, 1994; onsets. That finding may have reflected participants’ high skill level, which yielded smaller errors that allowed for corrections Haken, Kelso, & Bunz, 1985; Kelso, 1981, 1984). Although later in the hand cycle. researchers have found that such coordination principles Keywords: bimanual coordination, coordinative stability, perception– generalize to both between-person and visuomotor coordi- action coupling, timing nation (e.g., Byblow, Chua, & Goodman, 1995; Schmidt, Carello, & Turvey, 1990; Wimmers, Beek, & van Wierin- Downloaded by [Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam] at 03:39 26 October 2012 gen, 1992), it is by now widely recognized that many and rather diverse (e.g., cognitive, perceptual, neuromuscular, considerable part of the human action repertoire is and mechanical) factors may influence the stability features A rhythmic in nature and requires intricate coordina- of rhythmic movement (see, e.g., Carson, 2005; Mechsner, tion. Walking, breathing, and chewing are common exam- Kerzel, Knoblich, & Prinz, 2001; Swinnen, 2002; Swinnen, ples. Rhythmic coordination has been studied extensively Heuer, Massion, & Casaer, 1994). in the context of interlimb coordination tasks and so-called An important caveat in the generalization of the identi- perception–action tasks involving the coordination between fied coordination phenomena is that they were largely, if a single-limb movement and an external stimulus (e.g., not exclusively, found in studies on rhythmic coordination tones, flashes). involving rather constrained (e.g., single-joint) movements, Researchers have observed several behavioral properties The researchers defined the task goals for those movements across a wide range of instances of rhythmic coordination. The commonality of those properties suggests that generic Correspondence address: Joost C. Dessing, Faculty of Human coordination principles may be at work (e.g., Kelso, 1995; Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat Turvey, 1990). For instance, without special training, peo- 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail address: joost. ple can typically perform only two coordination patterns in [email protected] 433 J. C. Dessing, A. Daffertshofer, C. E. Peper, & P. J. Beek solely in terms of whether they produced a particular coordination pattern in the absence of extensive informational and mechanical interactions with the environment (e.g., Beek, Rikkert, & van Wieringen, 1996; Byblow et al., 1994; Kelso, 1984). In contrast, in real-life activities the required bimanual coordination is often implicit to the task rather than explicitly imposed as is usually the case for laboratory tasks. That difference may have consequences for stability features of bimanual coordination. In this study, our primary aim was therefore to examine to what extent the three-ball identified principles generalize to real-life activities involv- cascade juggling ing multiple degrees of freedom that individuals coordinate to achieve a particular, externally defined, task goal or zenith movement outcome (e.g., a sound sequence in drumming or a pattern of ball motions in juggling). In that context, juggling is a particularly interesting activity because it generally involves relatively unconstrained multijoint limb movements that performers must coordinate with each other to produce a particular pattern of ball catch motions. For a first pass, we define juggling as keeping a certain number of objects (e.g., balls) aloft by tossing and toss toss onset catching them repeatedly with fewer end-effectors (e.g., four-ball column four-ball column hands) than objects, with the proviso that a given hand juggling (in-phase) juggling (antiphase) may never contain more than one ball. As a consequence of that definition, the juggler must empty a hand contain- FIGURE 1. In-phase (bottom left) and antiphase (top and bottom right) juggling patterns for three balls (top; cascade ing an object in time to catch the next object on its arrival. only for antiphase) and four balls (bottom panels). The The

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