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Ecography ECOG-00312 Ecography ECOG-00312 Baur, B., Meier, T., Baur, A. and Schmera, D. 2013. Terrestrial gastropod diversity in an alpine region: disentangling effects of elevation, area, geometric constraints, habitat type and land-use intensity. – Ecography 000: 000–000. Appendix 1 100 80 ) 2 m k 60 40 Band area ( 20 0 1201–1350 1351–1500 1501–1650 1651–1800 1801–1950 1951–2100 2101–2250 2251–2400 2401– Elevational band (m) Figure A1. Land area (in km2) for 150-m elevational bands in Val Müstair. 60 50 40 30 20 Observed band species richness 10 2 5 10 20 50 100 Band area (km2) Figure A2. Relationship between observed band species richness and band area (both logarithmic). 100 80 60 40 % of sampling sites 20 0 1201–1350 1351–1500 1501–1650 1651–1800 1801–1950 1951–2100 2101–2250 2251–2400 2401– Elevation (m) Figure A3. Proportion of sampling sites with different land-use intensity in 150-m elevational bands (white: no or little land use; grey: moderate intensity of land use, black: intensive land use). (a) (b) (c) 20 Alpine grasslands 20 Mixed coniferous forests 20 Rock walls 15 15 15 a a 10 b 10 10 ab a 5 5 5 b Observed local species richness 0 0 0 low moderate high low moderate high low moderate high Land-use intensity Figure A4. Effect of land-use intensity on observed gastropod species richness at the site level (means ± SE) for different habitat types. (a) alpine grasslands (n = 76), (b) mixed coniferous forests (n = 21), and (c) rock walls (n = 9). Different letters indicate significant differences between categories of land-use intensity (Tukey-test). 12 b ab 10 8 a 6 Shell size (mm) 4 2 0 Forest Openland Ubiquitous species Habitat specificity Figure A5. Association between adult shell size and gastropod habitat specificity. Means ± SE are shown. Different letters indicate significant differences between habitat specificity types (Tukey-test). (a) (b) 40 10 8 30 6 20 4 Shell size (mm) 10 2 Mean shell size (mm) 0 0 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Median elevation (m) 2401– 1201–1350 1351–1500 1501–1650 1651–1800 1801–1950 1951–2100 2101–2250 2251–2400 Elevational band (m) Figure A6. Relationships between (a) adult shell size of snail species and their median elevational distribution in Val Müstair, and (b) between mean shell size of snail species occurring in each 150-m elevational band and elevation. n = 61 in both cases. Table A1. Criteria used to define the three categories of land-use intensity in different habitat types. Habitat type Land-use intensity ______________________________________________________________ none or low moderate high ________________________________________________________________________________________ Alpine grassland no or little grazing moderate grazing intensive grazing by wildlife by livestock by livestock Scree slope no disturbance moderate disturbance frequent disturbance by trampling by trampling Pine forest no management some management logging in the in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs Rock wall no disturbance moderate disturbance frequent disturbance Larch forest/pasture no management little management or logging or intensive in the past 15 yrs moderate use as pasture use as pasture in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs Mixed coniferous forest no management little management logging in the in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs Meadow/pasture mowing once a year mowing twice a year mowing more than or little grazing or moderate grazing twice a year or intensive grazing Hedge, forest edge, woodlet no management little management logging in the in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs Deciduous forest no management little management logging in the in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs in the past 15 yrs Dry steppe no or little grazing moderate grazing intensive grazing by wildlife by livestock by livestock Garden no or little regular management intensive management management Table A2. Frequency of occurrence (%) and mean number of gastropod individuals recorded per site (in parentheses) in different habitat types in Val Münstair. The threat status of the species follows the 2010 Red List of threatened molluscs in Switzerland (Rüetschi et al. 2012) Habitat types Family Species RL Garden Dry steppe Deciduous Hedge, Meadow/pasture Mixed Larch Rock wall Pine forest Scree slope Alpine status1 (3) (4) forest forest edge, (3) coniferous forest/pasture (9) (6) (15) grassland (21) woodlet forest (6) (76) (16) (21) Ellobiidae Carychium tridentatum LC - - 9.5 (0.4) 15.5 (0.3) - 19.0 (0.7) - 11.1 (0.4) - - - Succineidae Quickella arenaria EN - - - - - - - - - - 1.3 (0.1) Succinella oblonga LC - - 14.3 (1.0) 6.3 (0.2) - 4.8 (0.05) - - - - 2.6 (0.1) Cochlicopidae Cochlicopa lubrica LC - - 52.4 (3.8) 37.5 (2.5) - 4.8 (1.1) 33.3 (1.8) 22.2 (0.3) - - 14.5 (0.9) Cochlicopa lubricella LC 66.6 (2.0) 100.0 (8.5) 66.7 (5.1) 37.5 (1.2) 100.0 (1.7) 9.5 (1.4) 16.7 (1.0) - 16.7 (0.2) 6.7 (0.2) 31.6 (1.8) Pyramidulidae Pyramidula pusilla LC - - - 12.5 (0.4) - 14.3 (0.4) - 55.6 (52.0) 83.3 (1.3) 73.3 (31.1) 40.8 (18.0) Vertiginidae Columella edentula LC - 25.0 (0.8) 42.9 (1.2) 6.3 (0.1) - 42.9 (1.5) - 11.1 (0.4) - - 3.9 (0.1) Columella columella LC - - - 6.3 (0.1) - 4.8 (0.2) 16.7 (0.3) 33.3 (0.8) 16.7 (0.3) 13.3 (1.5) 7.9 (0.2) Truncatellina cylindrica LC - 25.0 (0.3) 9.5 (0.4) - 33.3 (0.7) - - - 16.7 (0.2) - 13.2 (0.7) Truncatellina callicratis NT - 25.0 (0.5) - - - - - - - - 2.6 (0.1) Truncatellina monodon VU - - - - - - - - 33.3 (10.3) 20.0 (0.6) 7.9 (0.8) Vertigo pusilla NT - - 4.8 (0.05) 12.5 (0.2) - - - - - - - Vertigo alpestris NT - - - 6.3 (0.5) - 23.8 (0.8) 16.7 (0.2) 33.3 (1.7) 16.7 (0.8) 6.7 (0.3) 11.8 (0.2) Vertigo pygmaea LC - - - - 33.3 (0.7) - - - - - 3.9 (0.1) Vertigo genesii EN - - - - - - - - - - 1.3 (0.01) Chondrinidae Abida secale LC - - - 6.3 (0.1) - - - - 33.3 (1.7) 40.0 (3.5) 11.8 (0.6) Pupillidae Pupilla muscorum LC 33.3 (1.3) - - - - - - - - - 1.3 (0.0*) Pupilla alpicola EN - - - - 33.3 (0.3) - - - - 13.3 (1.6) 9.2 (0.4) Pupilla sterrii NT - - - - - - - - - - 3.9 (0.4) Valloniidae Vallonia costata LC 66.7 (1.0) 50.0 (4.3) 28.6 (5.9) 18.8 (2.1) 100.0 (8.3) 9.5 (0.5) - - - - 9.2 (0.7) Vallonia excentrica LC 66.7 (1.7) - - 6.3 (0.1) 33.3 (0.7) - - - - - 3.9 (0.1) Vallonia pulchella LC 66.7 (1.3) - - - - - - - - - - Enidae Jaminia quadridens VU - 25.0 (7.3) - - - - - - - 13.3 (1.2) 5.3 (0.4) Ena montana LC - 25.0 (0.3) 28.6 (1.8) 37.5 (1.4) - 32.8 (1.6) 16.7 (6.5) 11.1 (1.8) - - 1.3 (0.01) Merdigera obscura LC - 25.0 (0.3) 4.8 (0.05) 6.3 (0.1) - 4.8 (0.05) - - - - - Endodontidae Punctum pygmaeum LC - - 61.9 (3.6) 56.3 (1.6) 66.7 (1.7) 52.4 (5.5) 50.0 (2.3) 55.6 (4.7) 83.3 (4.2) 26.7 (1.5) 25.0 (0.7) Discus ruderatus LC - - 61.9 (3.1) 31.3 (1.3) - 71.4 (5.4) 33.3 (1.5) 22.2 (0.6) 50.0 (4.8) 33.3 (2.6) 23.7 (3.1) Arionidae Arion vulgaris NE 33.3 (0.7) - 9.5 (0.3) 12.5 (0.5) - - - - - - - Arion fuscus LC 66.7 (4.0) - 28.6 (0.6) 31.3 (0.6) - 57.1 (2.1) 33.3 (2.5) 33.3 (0.6) 66.7 (1.8) 40.0 (0.7) 22.4 (0.4) Arion silvaticus LC - - 28.6 (0.7) 25.0 (1.4) 33.3 (0.7) 14.3 (0.1) - - - - 1.3 (0.03) Vitrinidae Vitrina pellucida LC - 50.0 (0.5) 71.4 (5.4) 75.0 (2.2) 66.7 (12.3) 47.6 (2.7) 83.3 (5.7) 22.2 (0.3) - - 38.2 (2.5) Eucobresia diaphana LC - - 9.5 (0.5) 6.3 (0.1) - 4.8 (0.3) 33.3 (1.5) - - - 3.9 (0.1) Eucobresia nivalis VU - - 14.3 (0.6) - - 4.8 (0.1) 16.7 (1.0) 11.1 (0.2) 33.3 (0.7) - 18.4 (1.2) Eucobresia glacialis VU - - - - - 4.8 (0.05) - - - 6.7 (0.2) - Gallandia annularis EN - - 4.8 (0.05) - - - - 11.1 (0.4) 16.7 (0.2) 6.7 (0.1) 14.5 (0.9) Semilimax kotulae VU - - - - - 9.5 (0.1) - - - - 1.3 (0.01) Vitrinobrachium breve LC - - - - - - - - - - 1.3 (0.01) Zonitidae Aegopinella pura LC - - 23.8 (1.3) 18.8 (0.9) - 19.0 (0.5) 16.7 (0.2) 11.1 (0.3) 50.0 (0.7) - 1.3 (0.03) Aegopinella minor LC - 75.0 (5.3) 71.4 (2.9) 62.5 (4.1) 66.7 (1.0) 38.1 (2.1) - 22.2 (0.7 ) - - 14.5 (0.4) Perpolita hammonis LC - - 9.5 (0.3) 6.3 (0.1) - 4.8 (0.3) 16.7 (0.2) - 16.7 (0.2) - 3.9 (0.2) Perpolita petronella LC 33.3 (0.3) 50.0 (1.0) 66.7 (14.1) 43.8 (1.9) 33.3 (0.3) 52.4 (4.5) 33.3 (1.2) 44.4 (1.4) 50.0 (1.0) 40.0 (0.8) 32.9 (1.7) Oxychilus cellarius LC - - 4.8 (0.05) - - - - - - - - Oxychilus draparnaudi LC - - 4.8 (0.3) - - - - - - - - Oxychilus glaber NT - - 9.5 (0.3) 18.8 (0.4) - - - 11.1 (0.2) - - - Oxychilus depressus NT - - - 6.3 (0.2) - 4.8 (0.05) - 11.1 (0.4) - - - Limacidae Limax maximus LC - - - 6.3 (0.1) - 4.8 (0.1) - 11.1 (0.1) - - 1.3 (0.01) Limax cinereoniger LC - - - - - 4.8 (0.05) - - - - - Lehmannia marginata LC - - 4.8 (0.05) - - - - 11.1 (0.1) - 6.7 (0.1) - Malacolimax tenellus LC - - 4.8 (0.2) 6.3 (0.1) - 4.8 (0.1) 16.7 (0.2) - - - - Agriolimacidae Deroceras agreste LC - - 4.8 (0.05) 18.8 (2.5) - 14.3 (0.2) 16.7 (0.2) 11.1 (0.1) 33.3 (1.7) 6.7 (0.3) 18.7 (1.1) Deroceras reticulatum LC - - - 6.3 (0.1) - - - - - - - Euconulidae Euconulus alderi DD - - - - - - - - - - 1.3 (0.04) Euconulus fulvus LC - - 42.9 (1.2) 56.3 (1.9) - 85.7 (3.5) 50.0 (1.5) 66.7 (2.3) 66.7 (3.5) 60.0 (2.9) 50.0 (4.1) Clausiliidae Macrogastra plicatula LC - - 4.8 (0.05) 12.5 (0.3) - 19.0 (0.9) - 33.3 (0.8) - - 2.6 (0.04) Clausilia dubia LC - 25.0 (0.5) 19.0 (1.4) 12.5 (0.8) - 23.8 (1.1) - 33.3 (2.2) - - 2.6 (0.2) Balea perversa VU - 25.0 (0.3) 4.8 (0.4) - - 4.8 (0.4) - 22.2 (0.2) - - - Bradybaenidae Fruticicola fruticum NT - - 14.3 (0.7) 37.5 (6.7) - - - - - - 2.6 (0.04) Hygromiidae Candidula unifasciata VU - 25.0 (0.8) - - - - - - - - 6.6 (0.7) Xerolenta obvia LC - - - - 33.3 (12.0) - - - - 6.7 (0.3) 3.9 (12.8) Monachoides incarnatus LC - - 19.0 (0.5) 12.5 (0.6) - 38.1 (1.0) - 22.2 (0.9) - - 1.3 (0.01) Trichia hispida NT - - - - - 4.8 (0.1) - - - - - Trichia sericea LC 66.7 (6.0) 25.0 (5.5) 47.6 (2.9) 56.3 (1.7) 33.3 (2.3) 14.3 (0.2) - 11.1 (0.9) - 6.7 (0.1) 17.1 (2.6) Trichia clandestina LC 66.7 (9.0) - 9.5 (0.6) - - - - - - - - Euomphalia strigella NT - 75.0 (8.0) 9.5 (0.6) 18.8 (1.6) - - - - - - 9.2 (1.0) Ciliella ciliata NT - 25.0 (0.3) 47.6 (1.6) 31.3 (1.6) - 47.6 (1.8) 16.7 (0.8) 33.3 (2.2) - - 3.9 (0.2) Helicidae Arianta arbustorum LC 33.3 (4.0) - 85.7 (21.6) 68.8 (22.4) 33.3 (0.3) 66.7 (4.0) 33.3 (0.3) 33.3 (3.6) - 20.0 (1.5) 11.8 (1.0) Causa holosericea VU - - 14.3 (0.5) 6.3 (0.2) - 23.8 (0.4) 33.3 (1.2) 44.4.
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