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Gambaran Umum Dan Kondisi Wilayah Kabupaten Malang

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Gambaran Umum Dan Kondisi Wilayah Kabupaten Malang Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 Bab 6 Gambaran Umum dan Kondisi Wilayah Kabupaten Malang 6.1. Profil Geografi 6.1.1. Posisi Geografis Kabupaten Malang terletak pada wilayah dataran tinggi, dengan koordinat 112° 17’ 10,9” - 112° 57’ 0,0” Bujur Timur dan 7° 44” 55,11” - 8° 26’ 35,45” Lintang selatan. Luas wilayah Kabupaten Malang adalah 334.787 Ha, terdiri dari 33 Kecamatan yang tersebar pada wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Kabupaten Malang terletak antara 0 - 2000 m dpl. Wilayah datar sebagian besar terletak di Kecamatan Bululawang, Godanglegi, Tajinan, Turen, Kepanjen, Pagelaran dan Pakisaji, serta sebagian Kecamatan Singosari, Lawang, Karangploso, Dau, Pakis, Dampit, Sumberpucung, Kromengan, Pagak, Kalipare, Donomulyo, Bantur, Ngajum dan Gedangan. Wilayah bergelombang terletak diwilayah Sumbermanjing Wetan, Wagir dan Wonosari. Daerah yang terjal atau perbukitan sebagian besar terletak di Kecamatan Pujon, Ngantang, Kasembon, Poncokusumo, Jabung, Wajak, Ampelgading, dan Tirtoyudo, sedangkan secara administrasi batas-batas wilayah Kabupaten Malang adalah sebagai berikut : Sebelah Utara : Kabupaten Jombang, Mojokerto, dan Pasuruan Sebelah Timur : Kabupaten Probolinggo dan Lumajang Sebelah Selatan : Samudra Indonesia Sebelah Barat : Kabupaten Blitar dan Kediri 6.1.2. Kondisi Topografis Kabupaten Malang berada didaerah pegunungan yang kondisi topografinya dipengaruhi oleh Pegunungan Tengger yang berada disebelah timur, Gunung Kawi dan Kelud berada disebelah barat serta Gunung Arjuna dan Welirang dibagian utara. Bagian wilayah kabupaten yang berada pada wilayah pinggiran, topografinya dipengaruhi oleh pegunungan. Keadaan topografi tersebut dapat digambarkan melalui kelerengan beberapa wilayah, diantaranya adalah : BAB.2-1 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 1. Kecamatan Tajinan, Turen, Bululawang, Gondanglegi, Pakisaji, Kepanjen dan Pagelaran dengan luas 52.607,78 Ha (15,71 %) dari luas Kabupaten Malang seluruhnya, merupakan wilayah yang memiliki kelerengan 0 - 2 %. 2. Kecamatan Lawang, Singosari, Dau, Karangploso, Pakis, Sumberpucung, Kromengan, Dampit, Pagak, Bantur, Ngajum, Gedangan, Kalipare dan Donomulyo, dengan luas 119.030,80 Ha atau 35,56 % dari luas Kabupaten Malang seluruhnya, merupakan wilayah dengan kemiringan 2 - 15 %. 3. Kecamatan Wagir, Sumbermanjing Wetan dan Wonosari, dengan luas 73.110,72 Ha atau 21,84% dari seluruh luas Kabupaten Malang, memiliki Kelerengan antara 15 - 40 %. 4. Kecamatan-kecamatan pada kelerengan >40 % meliputi Kecamatan Pujon, Ngantang, Tirtoyudo, Wajak, Ampelgading, Kasembon, Poncokusumo dan Jabung. Daerah yang memiliki kelerengan ini adalah daerah yang harus dihutankan karena memiliki fungsi sebagai perlindungan terhadap tanah dan air dan menjaga ekosistem lingkungan hidup. Daerah dengan kelerengan diatas 40 % di Kabupaten Malang meliputi areal seluas 90.037,70 Ha atau 26,89 % dari seluruh luas Kabupaten Malang. Ditinjau dari ketinggian, wilayah Kabupaten Malang terletak antara 0-2000 meter di atas permukaan laut dan menunjukan keadaan yang bervariasi yaitu kondisi landai sampai kondisi pegunungan. Wilayah bergelombang terletak diwilayah Sumbermanjing Wetan, Wagir dan Wonosari. Daerah yang terjal atau perbukitan sebagian besar terletak di Kecamatan Pujon, Ngantang, Tirtoyudo, Ampelgading, Kasembon, Poncokusumo, Jabung dan Wajak. Sedangkan wilayah yang datar sebagian besar terletak di Kecamatan Turen, Bululawang, Kepanjen, Godanglegi, Tajinan, Pagelaran dan Pakisaji, serta sebagian Kecamatan Singosari, Lawang, Karangploso, Dau, Pakis, Dampit, Sumberpucung, Kromengan, Ngajum, Gedangan Pagak, Kalipare, Donomulyo dan Bantur. Untuk lebih jelasnya tentang kondisi topografi dapat dilihat pada dan Tabel BAB.2-2 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 BAB.2-3 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 BAB.2-4 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 Tabel 6.1. Luas Daerah Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Lereng di Kabupaten Malang Luas No Klasifikasi Lereng Ha % 1 0 - 2 % 52.607,78 15,71 2 2 - 15 % 119.030,80 35,56 3 15 - 40 % 73.110,72 21,84 4 > 40 % 90.037,70 26,89 Jumlah 334.787,00 100,00 Sumber : Rupa Bumi Indonesia 6.1.3. Kondisi Geologis Ditinjau dari keadaan geologinya, sebagian besar wilayah Kabupaten Malang terbentuk dari hasil gunung api kwarter muda yang meliputi areal seluas 44,25 % atau 148.152,52 Ha dari seluruh luas Kabupaten Malang, sedangkan sebagian kecil merupakan miosen facies baru gamping dengan luas 90.884,00 Ha atau 27,15 % dari luas Kabupaten Malang seluruhnya. Tabel 6.2. Luas Daerah Berdasarkan Struktur Geologi di Kabupaten Malang Luas No. Struktur Geologi Ha % 1. Hasil gunung api kwarter muda 145.152,52 44,25 2. Hasil gunung api kwater tua 41.741,61 12,47 3. Miosen facies gamping 90.884,00 27,15 4. Miosen facies sedimen 12.834,00 3,83 5 Alivium 40.135,87 11,99 6. Waduk 1.039,00 0,31 Jumlah 334.787,00 100,00 Sumber : Hasil Perhitungan Peta Geologi BAB.2-5 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 BAB.2-6 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 6.1.4. Jenis Tanah Jenis tanah di Kabupaten Malang terdiri dari jenis tanah alluvial, regosol, brown forest, andosol, latosol, mediteran dan litosol. Jenis tanah ini tidak seluruhnya tersebar di Kecamatan-kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Malang. Luas daerah yang termasuk jenis tanah latosol memiliki luas sebesar 86.260,36 Ha atau 25,77 % dari seluruh luas wilayah Kabupaten Malang. Mediteran mempunyai luas sebesar 55.811,30 Ha atau 16,67 %, litosol seluas 69.133,25 Ha atau 20,65 % dan alluvial 28.003,25 Ha atau 8,36 % dari seluruh luas Kabupaten Malang. Brown forest memiliki luas 6.142,25 Ha atau 1,83 % dari seluruh luas Kabupaten Malang. Sedangkan jenis tanah regosol memiliki luas 45.654,17 Ha atau 13,54 % dari seluruh luas Kabupaten Malang dan andosol adalah 43.782,42 Ha atau 13,08 % dari luas seluruh wilayah Kabupaten Malang. Lebih jelasnya tentang jenis tanah dan persebarannya, dapat dilihat. dan Tabel 6.3. dibawah ini. Tabel 6.3. Luas Kabupaten Malang Berdasarkan Jenis Tanah dan Sifat-sifatnya Luas No Jenis Tanah Sifat Tanah Ha % 1. Andosol 43.783,42 13,08 Subur, mudah erosi Tanah subur, tanah erosi potensi untuk 2. Latosol 86.260,36 25,77 tanaman perkebunan 3. Mediteran 55.881,30 16,67 Mudah kena erosi, umumnya daerah hutan 4. Litosol 69.133,25 20,65 Mudah kena erosi umumnya daerah hutan Potensi untuk pertanian umumnya daerah 5. Alluvial 28.003,25 8,36 hutan Daerah subur dan potensi untuk pertanian 6. Regosol 45.654,17 13,64 tinggal Potensi pertanian rendah kurang dapat 7. Brown Forest 6.142,25 1,83 menyerap air Jumlah 334.787,00 100,00 Sumber : Rupa Bumi Indonesia BAB.2-7 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 BAB.2-8 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 6.1.5. Pola Penggunaan Tanah Kabupaten Malang memiliki luas wilayah sekitar 291.044 ha, dengan penggunaan lahan tegal/kebun sebagai lahan paling dominan (luasan paling besar) mencapai 102.219 Ha, yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Kabupaten Malang. Penggunaan tanah yang memiliki luasan terbesar kedua adalah kawasan hutan (82.239 Ha). Kawasan hutan ini terdapat di wilayah pinggiran Kabupaten Malang yang berbatasan langsung dengan wilayah kabupaten lain dan Samudera Indonesia. Penggunaan tanah berupa sawah hanya terdapat pada wilayah yang memiliki air cukup dan terdapat di seluruh kecamatan tetapi dalam prosentase luasan yang berbeda. Lebih jelasnya tentang penggunaan lahan dan persebarannya di Kabupeten Malang, dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6.4. dibawah ini Tabel 6.4. Penggunaan Lahan di Kabupaten Malang Tahun 2008 (Ha) Permuki Tegal/ Perkebu Padang No Kecamatan Sawah Hutan Tambak Lainnya man Kebun nan Rumput 1 Donomulyo 2.432 2.251 7.693 4.523 - - 1.044 2 Kalipare 2.247 561 5.540 2.928 - - 305 3 Pagak 1.575 500 2.685 2.811 - - 1.436 4 Bantur 2.579 1.253 7.962 50 3.139 - - 399 5 Gedangan 665 761 6.258 6.907 - 5 1.469 Sumbermanjing 6 2165 849 7802 3250 7926 - - 180 Wetan 7 Dampit 1.654 1.338 4.128 300 3.712 - - 2.570 8 Tirtoyudo 1582 509 3761 1911 5952 - 40 4637 9 Ampelgading 562 365 4915 513 - - 9638 10 Poncokusumo 1.810 1.470 6.576 8.572 - - 1.081 11 Wajak 1.361 1.486 3.658 1.250 1.550 - - 150 12 Turen 1.654 2.453 1.895 30 - - 362 13 Bululawang 881 1.974 1.838 62 - - 68 14 Gondanglegi 728 3.245 1.412 774 - - 53 15 Pagelaran 1.298 2.703 904 - - - 19 16 Kepanjen 790 2.623 663 - - - 22 17 Sumberpucung 837 1.983 279 177 41 - 412 18 Kromengan 748 1.771 1.118 - - - 26 19 Ngajum 1.749 1.728 2.548 650 740 - - 226 20 Wonosari 888 1.074 1.936 771 1.291 - - 4 BAB.2-9 Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) KABUPATEN MALANG 2011-2015 Permuki Tegal/ Perkebu Padang No Kecamatan Sawah Hutan Tambak Lainnya man Kebun nan Rumput 21 Wagir 1.045 1.316 3.077 1.407 - - 928 22 Pakisaji 1.095 1.867 850 - - - 56 23 Tajinan 716 1.642 1.639 - - - 15 24 Tumpang 1.052 1.505 2.708 - - - 1.764 25 Pakis 1.059 2.027 1.890 - - - 286 26 Jabung 1.108 1.154 3.438 1.311 2.291 - - 4.300 27 Lawang 1.207 712 3.031 298 - - - 258 28 Singosari 1.581 1.961 2.806 93 3.146 - - 150 29 Karangploso 1.034 1.413 790 200 2.300 - - 194 30 Dau 694 518 2.184 1.789 - - 967 31 Pujon 624 996 2.225 9.209 - - - 32 Ngantang 1.037 1.210 2.396 8.310 389 - 247 33 Kasembon 547 684 1.614 262 2.000 - - 450 Jumlah 41.004 47.902 102.219 12.320 82.059 430 45 34.186 Sumber : Kecamatan Dalam Angka Tahun 2008 6.1.6. Kondisi Hidrologis Di Kabupaten Malang dilalui oleh beberapa sungai besar dan anak sungai, anak-anak sungai yang ada sebagian dari Kali Konto dan Kali Brantas, sungai-sungai tersebut ada beberapa yang masuk di waduk-waduk Karangkates dan Selorejo, ada juga yang masuk Samudra Indonesia dan Laut Jawa.
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