Ciguatera in Florida Keys Patch Reefs: Biogeographic
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Development of a Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/544247; this version posted February 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Development of a quantitative PCR assay for the detection and enumeration of a potentially ciguatoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus lapillus (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). Key words:Ciguatera fish poisoning, Gambierdiscus lapillus, Quantitative PCR assay, Great Barrier Reef Kretzschmar, A.L.1,2, Verma, A.1, Kohli, G.S.1,3, Murray, S.A.1 1Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia 2ithree institute (i3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia, [email protected] 3Alfred Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract Ciguatera fish poisoning is an illness contracted through the ingestion of seafood containing ciguatoxins. It is prevalent in tropical regions worldwide, including in Australia. Ciguatoxins are produced by some species of Gambierdiscus. Therefore, screening of Gambierdiscus species identification through quantitative PCR (qPCR), along with the determination of species toxicity, can be useful in monitoring potential ciguatera risk in these regions. In Australia, the identity, distribution and abundance of ciguatoxin producing Gambierdiscus spp. is largely unknown. In this study we developed a rapid qPCR assay to quantify the presence and abundance of Gambierdiscus lapillus, a likely ciguatoxic species. We assessed the specificity and efficiency of the qPCR assay. The assay was tested on 25 environmental samples from the Heron Island reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef, a ciguatera endemic region, in triplicate to determine the presence and patchiness of these species across samples from Chnoospora sp., Padina sp. -
Producing Gambierdiscus Polynesiensis and G.Excentricus (Dinophyceae) Kohli, G
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Queen's University Research Portal Role of Modular Polyketide Synthases in the Production of Polyether Ladder Compounds in Ciguatoxin-producing Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and G.excentricus (Dinophyceae) Kohli, G. S., Campbell, K., John, U., Smith, K. F., Fraga, S., Rhodes, L. L., & Murray, S. A. (2017). Role of Modular Polyketide Synthases in the Production of Polyether Ladder Compounds in Ciguatoxin-producing Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and G.excentricus (Dinophyceae). DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12405 Published in: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright Wiley 2017. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. -
Waterborne Pathogens in Agricultural Watersheds
United States Department of Waterborne Pathogens in Agriculture Natural Resources Agricultural Watersheds Conservation Service Watershed Science by Barry H. Rosen Institute NRCS, Watershed Science Institute School of Natural Resources University of Vermont, Burlington Contents Introduction ..................................................... 1 Pathogens of concern ..................................... 3 Pathogens in the environment .....................22 Control methods............................................ 33 Monitoring and evaluation ........................... 43 Anticipated developments ........................... 47 Summary ........................................................ 48 Glossary .......................................................... 49 References...................................................... 52 With contributions by Richard Croft, Natural Resources Conservation Service (retired) Edward R. Atwill, D.V.M., Ph.D., School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, California Susan Stehman, V.M.D., Senior Extension Veterinarian, New York State Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Susan Wade, Ph.D., Director Parasitology Laboratory, New York State Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Issued June 2000 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimi- nation in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, na- tional origin, gender, -
Symbiodinium Genomes Reveal Adaptive Evolution of Functions Related to Coral-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis
Corrected: Publisher correction ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0098-3 OPEN Symbiodinium genomes reveal adaptive evolution of functions related to coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis Huanle Liu1, Timothy G. Stephens1, Raúl A. González-Pech1, Victor H. Beltran2, Bruno Lapeyre3,4,12, Pim Bongaerts5,6, Ira Cooke4, Manuel Aranda7, David G. Bourne2,8, Sylvain Forêt3,9, David J. Miller3,4, Madeleine J.H. van Oppen2,10, Christian R. Voolstra7, Mark A. Ragan1 & Cheong Xin Chan1,11 1234567890():,; Symbiosis between dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium and reef-building corals forms the trophic foundation of the world’s coral reef ecosystems. Here we present the first draft genome of Symbiodinium goreaui (Clade C, type C1: 1.03 Gbp), one of the most ubiquitous endosymbionts associated with corals, and an improved draft genome of Symbiodinium kawagutii (Clade F, strain CS-156: 1.05 Gbp) to further elucidate genomic signatures of this symbiosis. Comparative analysis of four available Symbiodinium genomes against other dinoflagellate genomes led to the identification of 2460 nuclear gene families (containing 5% of Symbiodinium genes) that show evidence of positive selection, including genes involved in photosynthesis, transmembrane ion transport, synthesis and modification of amino acids and glycoproteins, and stress response. Further, we identify extensive sets of genes for meiosis and response to light stress. These draft genomes provide a foundational resource for advancing our understanding of Symbiodinium biology and the coral-algal symbiosis. 1 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. 2 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia. 3 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. -
Key Factors Influencing the Occurrence and Frequency of Ciguatera
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Sparrow, Leanne (2017) Key factors influencing the occurrence and frequency of ciguatera. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/5d48bba175630 Copyright © 2017 Leanne Sparrow. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] SPARROW, LEANNE B.Arts – Town Planning B.Sc – Marine Biology; M.App.Sc – Phycology KEY FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OCCURRENCE AND FREQUENCY OF CIGUATERA Doctor of Philosophy College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Submitted: 30 July 2017 Acknowledgements The production of this thesis is the end of a long and challenging journey. While I have endured numerous challenges, I have also gained so much more in experiences along the way – there have been so many wonderful people that I had the fortune to meet through tutoring, work and research. Firstly, I would like to acknowledge my supervisors for their support and contributions to experimental design and editorial advice. In particular I would like to thank Kirsten Heimann, apart from her intellectual guidance and support, she has provided emotional, financial, mentoring and friendship over the years prior and during this research – thank you. I would also like to thank Garry Russ and Leone Bielig for the guidance and the supportive chats that kept me sane towards the end. Out in the field the support and interest of the then managers, Kylie and Rob at Orpheus Island Research Station was greatly appreciated. -
Further Advance of Gambierdiscus Species in the Canary Islands, with the First Report of Gambierdiscus Belizeanus
toxins Article Further Advance of Gambierdiscus Species in the Canary Islands, with the First Report of Gambierdiscus belizeanus Àngels Tudó 1, Greta Gaiani 1, Maria Rey Varela 1 , Takeshi Tsumuraya 2 , Karl B. Andree 1, Margarita Fernández-Tejedor 1 ,Mònica Campàs 1 and Jorge Diogène 1,* 1 Institut de Recerca i Tecnologies Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, 43540 Tarragona, Spain; [email protected] (À.T.); [email protected] (G.G.); [email protected] (M.R.V.); [email protected] (K.B.A.); [email protected] (M.F.-T.); [email protected] (M.C.) 2 Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8570, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 September 2020; Accepted: 27 October 2020; Published: 31 October 2020 Abstract: Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is a human food-borne poisoning that has been known since ancient times to be found mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, which occurs when fish or very rarely invertebrates contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) are consumed. The genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus produces CTX precursors. The presence of Gambierdiscus species in a region is one indicator of CP risk. The Canary Islands (North Eastern Atlantic Ocean) is an area where CP cases have been reported since 2004. In the present study, samplings for Gambierdiscus cells were conducted in this area during 2016 and 2017. Gambierdiscus cells were isolated and identified as G. australes, G. excentricus, G. caribaeus, and G. -
Mixotrophy Among Dinoflagellates1
J Eukaryn Microbiol.. 46(4). 1999 pp. 397-401 0 1999 by the Society of Protozoologists Mixotrophy among Dinoflagellates’ DIANE K. STOECKER University of Maryland Center for Environmentul Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, Marylund 21613, USA ABSTRACT. Mixotrophy, used herein for the combination of phototrophy and phagotrophy, is widespread among dinoflagellates. It occurs among most, perhaps all, of the extant orders, including the Prorocentrales, Dinophysiales, Gymnodiniales, Noctilucales, Gon- yaulacales, Peridiniales, Blastodiniales, Phytodiniales, and Dinamoebales. Many cases of mixotrophy among dinoflagellates are probably undocumented. Primarily photosynthetic dinoflagellates with their “own” plastids can often supplement their nutrition by preying on other cells. Some primarily phagotrophic species are photosynthetic due to the presence of kleptochloroplasts or algal endosymbionts. Some parasitic dinoflagellates have plastids and are probably mixotrophic. For most mixotrophic dinoflagellates, the relative importance of photosynthesis, uptake of dissolved inorganic nutrients, and feeding are unknown. However, it is apparent that mixotrophy has different functions in different physiological types of dinoflagellates. Data on the simultaneous regulation of photosynthesis, assimilation of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients, and phagotophy by environmental parameters (irradiance, availablity of dissolved nutrients, availability of prey) and by life history events are needed in order to understand the diverse -
Morphological Studies of the Dinoflagellate Karenia Papilionacea in Culture
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA PAPILIONACEA IN CULTURE Michelle R. Stuart A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Biology and Marine Biology University of North Carolina Wilmington 2011 Approved by Advisory Committee Alison R. Taylor Richard M. Dillaman Carmelo R. Tomas Chair Accepted by __________________________ Dean, Graduate School This thesis has been prepared in the style and format consistent with the journal Journal of Phycology ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................. v DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................................... 5 RESULTS -
Transcriptomic Analysis of Polyketide Synthases in a Highly Ciguatoxic Dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus Polynesiensis and Low Toxic
PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Transcriptomic analysis of polyketide synthases in a highly ciguatoxic dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and low toxicity Gambierdiscus pacificus, from French Polynesia 1¤a 1¤b 2¤c 3 Frances M. Van DolahID *, Jeanine S. Morey , Shard Milne , Andre Ung , Paul a1111111111 E. Anderson2¤d, Mireille Chinain3 a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Marine Genomics Core, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States of America, 2 Charleston Computational Genomics Group, Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, a1111111111 Charleston, SC, United States of America, 3 Laboratoire des Biotoxines Marines, Institut Louis MalardeÂÐ a1111111111 UMR 241 EIO, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia ¤a Current address: Graduate Program in Marine Biology, University of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America ¤b Current address: National Marine Mammal Foundation, Johns Island, SC, United States of America ¤c Current address: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, OPEN ACCESS United States of America Citation: Van Dolah FM, Morey JS, Milne S, Ung A, ¤d Current address: Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, California Polytechnic Anderson PE, Chinain M (2020) Transcriptomic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States of America [email protected] analysis of polyketide synthases in a highly * ciguatoxic dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and low toxicity Gambierdiscus pacificus, from French Polynesia. PLoS ONE 15(4): Abstract e0231400. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0231400 Marine dinoflagellates produce a diversity of polyketide toxins that are accumulated in Editor: Ross Frederick Waller, University of marine food webs and are responsible for a variety of seafood poisonings. Reef-associated Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus produce toxins responsible for ciguatera poison- Received: January 29, 2020 ing (CP), which causes over 50,000 cases of illness annually worldwide. -
Scrippsiella Trochoidea (F.Stein) A.R.Loebl
MOLECULAR DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE CALCAREOUS DINOPHYTES (THORACOSPHAERACEAE, PERIDINIALES) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München zur Begutachtung vorgelegt von Sylvia Söhner München, im Februar 2013 Erster Gutachter: PD Dr. Marc Gottschling Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Susanne Renner Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06. Juni 2013 “IF THERE IS LIFE ON MARS, IT MAY BE DISAPPOINTINGLY ORDINARY COMPARED TO SOME BIZARRE EARTHLINGS.” Geoff McFadden 1999, NATURE 1 !"#$%&'(&)'*!%*!+! +"!,-"!'-.&/%)$"-"!0'* 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 2& ")3*'4$%/5%6%*!+1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 7! 8,#$0)"!0'*+&9&6"*,+)-08!+ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :! 5%*%-"$&0*!-'/,)!0'* 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ;! "#$!%"&'(!)*+&,!-!"#$!'./+,#(0$1$!2! './+,#(0$1$!-!3+*,#+4+).014!1/'!3+4$0&41*!041%%.5.01".+/! 67! './+,#(0$1$!-!/&"*.".+/!1/'!4.5$%"(4$! 68! ./!5+0&%!-!"#$!"#+*10+%,#1$*10$1$! 69! "#+*10+%,#1$*10$1$!-!5+%%.4!1/'!$:"1/"!'.;$*%."(! 6<! 3+4$0&41*!,#(4+)$/(!-!0#144$/)$!1/'!0#1/0$! 6=! 1.3%!+5!"#$!"#$%.%! 62! /0+),++0'* 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111<=! -
Molecular Identification of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa
marine drugs Short Note Molecular Identification of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa (Dinophyceae) from Environmental Samples Kirsty F. Smith 1,*, Laura Biessy 1, Phoebe A. Argyle 1,2, Tom Trnski 3, Tuikolongahau Halafihi 4 and Lesley L. Rhodes 1 1 Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (P.A.A.); [email protected] (L.L.R.) 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand 3 Auckland War Memorial Museum, Private Bag 92018, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; [email protected] 4 Ministry of Fisheries, P.O. Box 871, Nuku’alofa, Tongatapu, Tonga; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-3-548-2319 Received: 30 March 2017; Accepted: 28 July 2017; Published: 2 August 2017 Abstract: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is increasing across the Pacific and the distribution of the causative dinoflagellates appears to be expanding. Subtle differences in thecal plate morphology are used to distinguish dinoflagellate species, which are difficult to determine using light microscopy. For these reasons we sought to develop a Quantitative PCR assay that would detect all species from both Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa genera in order to rapidly screen environmental samples for potentially toxic species. Additionally, a specific assay for F. paulensis was developed as this species is of concern in New Zealand coastal waters. Using the assays we analyzed 31 samples from three locations around New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga. -
Effects of Grazing, Nutrients, and Depth on the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus in the US Virgin Islands
Vol. 531: 91–104, 2015 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published July 2 doi: 10.3354/meps11310 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Effects of grazing, nutrients, and depth on the ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus in the US Virgin Islands Christopher R. Loeffler1,3,*, Mindy L. Richlen2, Marilyn E. Brandt1, Tyler B. Smith1 1Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, US Virgin Islands 00802, USA 2Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 3Present address: Center for Seafood Safety, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Office of Food Safety, CFSAN US Food and Drug Administration, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA ABSTRACT: Ciguatera fish poisoning in humans is a serious and widespread syndrome associated with the consumption of reef fishes that have accumulated lipid-soluble toxins known as cigua - toxins. These toxins are piscine metabolites of ciguatoxin precursors produced by benthic dino - flagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. This investigation employed a novel experimental approach to identify and characterize the environmental factors and their interactions that influence the dynamic balance between cellular growth and loss of Gambierdiscus populations in situ. Field studies were conducted in St. Thomas (US Virgin Islands) at 3 sites and 2 depths (10 and 20 m). At each site and depth, Gambierdiscus was subjected to treatments designed to reduce grazing pres- sure (disturbance and removal) and elevate nutrient availability to elicit a population abundance response attributable to one of these treatments. We hypothesized that Gambierdiscus abundance would respond positively to increased nutrient availability, increasing depth (reduced water motion), and decreased grazing pressures.